Thèses sur le sujet « Cortex surrénal »
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Jánossy, Andrea. « Régulation cholinergique du cortex surrénal ». Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T014.
Texte intégralLiakos, Panagiotis. « Expression des récepteurs mélanocortines MC5 et MC2 dans le cortex surrénal ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10100.
Texte intégralAguilar, Frédérick. « Cortex surrénalien et hypertension artérielle chez le rat lyonnais génétiquement hypertendu ». Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10107.
Texte intégralGrambin, Philippe. « Les cortico-surrénalomes malins de l'enfant : à propos d'une observation ». Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2M021.
Texte intégralErragh, Saadia. « Contribution a l'etude des proteines d'assemblage (pa) du cortex surrenal et du cerveau bovins ». Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S011.
Texte intégralPlas, Martine. « A propos d'un cas de corticosurrénalome malin découvert à partir d'une hypersomnie : observation-revue de la littérature-discussion ». Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11140.
Texte intégralDing, Guoqing. « Effets des béticolines, toxines fongiques, sur la prolifération et la stéroidogénèse de cellules corticosurrénales transformées par l'oncogène ras ». Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS029.
Texte intégralPerrin, Anne. « Hydroxylases stéroïdogéniques : purification et régulation de la 17[alpha]-hydroxylase-C17,20-lyase microsomiale : étude par RMN du phosphore 31 des mitochondries corticosurrénaliennes ». Grenoble 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE10071.
Texte intégralSicard, Flavie. « Contribution à l'étude du contrôle de la stéroi͏̈dogénèse surrénalienne par la neurotensine chez la grenouille et chez l'homme ». Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES020.
Texte intégralNeurotensin (NT) is a tridecapeptide which acts as a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator in the central nervous system and displays a wide spectrum of biological effects. NT is also abundant in the periphery where it is thought to function as a neurohormone. In mammals, the effects of NT are mediated by three types of receptors i. E. NTR1, NTR2 and NTR3. In vertebrates, the secretory activity of adrenocortical cells is under multifactorial control. Beside the humoral regulation there is clear evidence that various factors released by nerve endings, chromaffin cells or endothelial cells can also participate in the regulation of the activity of adrenocortical cells. The presence of NT has been reported in chromaffin cells and nerve fibers located in the adrenal gland of various vertebrate species, suggesting that NT could act as a neuroendocrine factor involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis. The aim of the present study was therefore three-fold i) to examine the presence of NT in the frog (Rana esculenta) and human adrenal gland, ii) to determine the potential effects of NT on adrenal steroidogenesis in both species, and iii) to characterize the receptor(s) involved in the corticotropic effect of the peptide. Our results demonstrate that NT, located in nerve fibers innervating the adrenal gland of amphibians, may stimulate corticosteroid secretion through two receptors which exhibit similarities with mammalian NTR1 and NTR2. We have also shown that [DTyr11]NT increases corticosteroid secretion through interaction with a third type of receptor which is not activated by NT. Finally, the N-terminal NT fragments are able to stimulate corticosterone and aldosterone secretion though activation of a fourth type of receptor. In human, NT1-11 inhibits cortisol secretion via a receptor which also binds NT. These data suggest for the first time the occurrence of two additionnal NT receptor subtypes, besides mammalian NTR1 and NTR2, in the adrenal cortex
Guyot, Annick. « Effets de l'angiotensine II sur les courants ioniques membranaires des cellules isolées de la zone fasciculée de la glande surrénale de veau ». Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10285.
Texte intégralGuidicelli, Claudette. « Étude du cytochrome P-450 mitochondrial de coupure de la chaîne latérale du cholestérol (cortex surrénal bovin) : I, Étude par marquage de spin et résonance paramagnétique électronique : II, Activité enzymatique et mouvements du cholestérol dans la mitochondrie ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE18002.
Texte intégralVal, Pierre. « Mécanismes moléculaires du contrôle hormonal et de la spécificité tissulaire de l'expression de l'aldose réductase MVDP/AKR1-B7 dans le canal déférent et le cortex surrénalien : analyse comparée chez le rat et la souris ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21420.
Texte intégralBrami, Brigitte. « Modulation de l'activité adénylate cyclase du cortex surrénal bovin par l'angiotensine II et les activateurs potentiels de la protéine kinase C ». Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10015.
Texte intégralOikonomakos, Ioannis. « Vers la génération de cellules corticosurrénales à partir de cellules souches pluripotentes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ6038.
Texte intégralThe adrenal cortex (AC) is a central steroidogenic organ with key functions in maintaining body homeostasis. Several adrenal diseases (eg Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)) could in principle be repaired by correcting the mutation (e.g. via recombination) or introduction of a transgene carrying a wildtype form of the mutated gene to permanently restore enzyme activity. However, data from our and other groups demonstrate a rapid turnover of the adrenal cortex. Thus, steroidogenic cells that have been genetically modified are likely to be rapidly replaced by amplifying progenitors that may still carry the mutation. Genetic correction will therefore need to target adrenal stem cell (ASC) populations rather than fully differentiated steroidogenic cells, and in vitro seems to be the better approach. In principle two alternative routes could be envisaged: 1) Generation of induced pluripotent cells (IPSC) from a patient, correction of the mutation using a CRISPR/Cas9 approach and subsequent differentiation towards the adrenal lineage with transplantation in/under the patient's adrenal capsule. 2) Isolation and culture of ASCs, correction in vitro followed by transplantation back into the patient. Aim of this project is to establish a protocol for the in vitro differentiation of mouse ES cells (mESCs) into adrenal progenitor cells and to evaluate their suitability for transplantations under the adrenal capsule. To achieve this goal, I decided to develop a stepwise differentiation procedure that follows as much as possible normal development. The adreno-gonadal primordium (AGP) develops at the interface of the anterior intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm. I developed a robust protocol that allows in vitro differentiation of mESCs via the EpiSC and primitive streak state, into the anterior intermediate and lateral plate mesoderm. Proper differentiation was demonstrated by the expression of cell type specific markers including Brachyury (T) for the primitive streak, Osr1, Gata4 and WT1 for mesodermal lineage, LIM1 and PAX2 for the anterior intermediate, and Foxf1 with Prrx1 for lateral plate mesoderm. The pathways underlying the specification of steroidogenic organs are not yet well established. To obtain further insight into this process, we established a collaboration with Prof. Serge Nef (University of Geneva), whose laboratory has performed single cell RNA-Seq experiments at critical time points of adreno-gonadal differentiation and separation of the adreno-gonadal primordium (AGP) into adrenal primordium (AP) and gonadal primordium (GP). Using information extracted from this cell atlas, and by testing various pathway activators and inhibitors, I was able to further orient differentiation towards the early steroidogenic fate as demonstrated by the upregulation of Nr5a1, a master regulator of steroidogenesis. By testing a range of extracellular matrix proteins, I could show that fibronectin 1 (FN1) enhanced the production of NR5A1 positive cells. Moreover, induction of the PKA pathway using a cAMP derivative (8-Br-cAMP) further increased NR5A1 expression levels in these conditions, both at the RNA and protein level; but still in limiting numbers to claim high efficiency of the protocol. In addition, culturing cells in 3D induced Nr5a1 and other early adrenal progenitor markers over gonadal ones in specific conditions. Further investigation for key aspects of the in vitro differentiation is needed to establish a robust adrenal organoid protocol. Finally, I could partially translate the protocol to hIPSCs, in which the cells were fated correctly for the early steroidogenic progenitor lineage. Taken together these results provide a road map for differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into adrenal progenitors and will form the basis for future work towards transplantation therapies of adrenal diseases
Ciais, Delphine. « Angiogenèse hormono-régulée dans le cortex surrénal : régulation par l'ACTH de l'expression de facteurs angiogènes et de la protéine à doigt de zinc Tis11b ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE10190.
Texte intégralDaniel, Sylvie. « Cisp : une protéine adhésive de la famille des thrombospondines sécrétée par les cellules de cortex surrénal en réponse à l'ACTH : étude moléculaire et fonctionnelle ». Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10106.
Texte intégralChorvatova, Alzbeta. « Propriétés électrophysiologiques des cellules isolées, en culture, de la zone fasciculée de la glande surrénale bovine : action de l'angiotensine II ». Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10243.
Texte intégralWils, Julien. « Contribution à l'étude de l'effet de la substance P sur la sécrétion d'aldostérone dans la glande surrénale humaine normale ». Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR011.
Texte intégralAldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland is principally under control of the circulating renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and kalemia. Aldosterone synthesis is also influenced by intra-adrenal paracrine factors including neuropeptides. Especially, tachykinins, like substance P (SP), can be released by nerve endings in the adrenal cortex. The role of SP in the regulation of the adrenal function has been evaluated in animals but only scarcely investigated in humans. The aim of the present study is to explore the role of SP in the control of mineralocorticoid synthesis in the human adrenal gland. In vitro experiments conducted in normal adrenal samples reveal expression of the TAC1 encoding SP which is detected by immunohistochemistry in non adrenergic non cholinergic nerve fibres in the zona glomerulosa. SP-positive fibres establish close contacts with aldosterone-producing cells which express the SP receptor, i.e. the NK1 receptor (NK1R). SP stimulates aldosterone production from cultured adrenocortical cells, an effect which is inhibited by the NK1R antagonist aprepitant. The action of SP is mediated by the ERK pathway and involves upregulation of several genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. The physiological role of SP in the regulation of aldosterone secretion was further assessed through a prospective clinical placebo-controlled trial investigating the impact of aprepitant on plasma and urine aldosterone levels in healthy volunteers. Aprepitant reduced daily aldosterone production and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) in recumbency but did not modify PAC in upright position. These data show that SP exerts a stimulatory tone on aldosterone production in man
Durroux, Thierry. « Les canaux calciques des cellules glomérulées de la glande surrénale de rat : mise en évidence et caractérisation par la technique du "patch-clamp" ». Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20047.
Texte intégralEtchegorry, Nicole. « Evaluation de l'activité de l'axe corticotrope en fonction de la répartition abdominale (androi͏̈de) ou périphérique (gynoi͏̈de) du tissu adipeux chez la femme obèse. Intérêt du dosage du cortisol salivaire ». Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR23095.
Texte intégralOsman, Hanan. « Géranylgeranylation et farnésylation des protéines Ras dans les cellules corticosurrénales transformées par l'oncogène Ras#e#j ; l'effet antiprolifératif de la déhydroépiandrostérone (DHEA) est-il lié à l'inhibition de l'isoprénylation ? » Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS028.
Texte intégralGrazzini, Eric. « Rôle endrocrine et paracrine de la vasopressine dans la physiologie de la glande surrénale ». Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20058.
Texte intégralDrelon, Coralie. « Tumorigenèse, progression tumorale et zonation fonctionnelle du cortex surrénalien ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22536/document.
Texte intégralAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumour associated with poor prognosis and for which, efficient therapeutic approaches are not available. It is therefore essential to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in CCS development in order to improve their clinical management. The two most frequent alterations in ACC are overexpression of IGF2 and constitutive activation of β-catenin. Our lab has previously demonstrated the oncogenic activity of β-catenin in the adrenal cortex by developing a mouse model of constitutive β-catenin activation (ΔCat mice). However, the low malignant progression in ΔCat mice suggests that other alterations are necessary for acquisition of malignancy. The initial aim of my thesis was to test the oncogenic potential of IGF2 alone or associated with constitutive β-catenin activation. We showed that overexpression of Igf2 in the adrenal cortex does not trigger adrenal cortex tumourigenesis. In a context of constitutive β-catenin activation, overexpression of Igf2 promotes tumour development at later stages. However the formation of malignant tumours remains a rare event. These data suggest that the overexpression of Igf2 and constitutive activation of β-catenin are not sufficient to trigger malignant tumour progression. Retrospective analysis of available ACC transcriptome data highlighted overexpression of the putative oncogene and histone methyltransferase EZH2 in ACC, which was associated with poor prognosis. My in vitro studies suggest that EZH2 is overexpressed in response to overexpression of E2F transcription factors and that it could be involved in control of proliferation, apoptosis and oncogenic capacities of adrenocortical carcinoma cells H295R. Interestingly, the availability of pharmacologic inhibitors suggests that EZH2 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ACC. In parallel, we sought to identify the mechanisms involved in zonation of the adrenal cortex. During adrenal cortex renewal, cells first differentiate as glomerulosa before switching to fasciculata as they move within the cortex. Establishment of glomerulosa identity relies on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which induces expression of genes involved in glomerulosa differentiation and inhibits fasciculata identity. These data suggest that β-catenin has to be inhibited in order to allow the lineage conversion from glomerulosa to fasciculata. We thus postulated that PKA signalling pathway, which is triggered by ACTH binding to its receptor MC2R in zona fasciculata, played a role in repressing Wnt/β-catenin signalling to allow fasciculata differentiation. Using pharmacologic and genetic models, we have shown that PKA inhibits β-catenin signalling, which leads to loss of zona glomerulosa and expansion of zona fasciculata. The inhibitor effect of PKA on β-catenin pathway could be the result of decreased expression of Wnt4. Indee, a decrease of Wnt4 expression is observed in response to PKA activation and inactivation of Wnt4 in the adrenal cortex phenocopies PKA activation. We have also shown that PKA inhibits oncogenic effects of β-catenin in the adrenal cortex. The observation of decreased ACTH/PKA signalling in ACC suggests that this inhibition could be relevant to human adrenal tumour development
Navarranne, Anne. « Syndrome de Cushing par sécrétion ectopique d'ACTH : à propos d'un cas ». Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR23025.
Texte intégralDellu-Hagedorn, Françoise. « Vieillissement des capacités cognitives et conatives chez le rat : relations avec l'activité de l'axe corticotrope ». Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28319.
Texte intégralAssié, Guillaume. « Tumeurs de la corticosurrénale : du transcriptome aux phénotypes de sécrétion et de malignité ». Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T054.
Texte intégralThe adrenal cortex, outer portion of the adrenal glands, is specialized in the production of steroid hormones. It contains three concentric zones, histologically distinct, each dedicated to the production of a type of hormone : the glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, the fasciculata glucocorticoids, androgens and reticulated. The production of this hormones is regulated by extracellular mediators : ACTH activates the cortisol secretion by increasing cyclic AMP and angiotensin II activates the aldosterone secretion by increasing intracellular calcium. Tumors of the adrenal cortex raise a dual problem of hormonal hypersecretion and cell proliferation. The molecular mechanisms of these abnormalities are poorly understood. The initiation of some benign tumors appears to be related to the activation of the cAMP pathway. On malignant tumors, several mechanisms of progression have been described : overexpression of IGF2 in connection with a paternal isodisomia, loss of heterozygosity of p53 and activation of the Wnt pathway. Malignant tumors can also be difficult to diagnose in their borderline forms, and their prognosis is difficult to predict. The transcriptomes of tumors can be analysed and compared by microarray technology and SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression). The objective of this thesis is to characterize the transcriptome of different tumors of the adrenal cortex, to identify diagnostic and prognostic makers, and molecular mechanisms of pathological hormone secretion, initiation and tumor progression. The first paper dedscribes the molecular abnormalities of primary aldosteronism. For this, the transcriptomes of Conn's adenoma and its adjacent zona glomerulosa to the tumor (switched off by negative feedback) were compared with SAGE, and validated by in situ hybridization. Only the two terminal enzymes of steroidogenesis CYP21 and CYP11B2 are overexpressed in the Conn. Acute regulator of steroidogenesis StAR is not overexpressed. Cholesterol substrate for steroidogenesis, seems to come from HDL cholesterol. Finally calcium signaling, that controls the acute aldosterone secretion seems also activated in primary aldosteronism. The second work identifies, from the transcriptome, the diagnostic and prognostic molecular signatures for tumors of the adrenal cortex. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of transcriptomes of 96 unilateral tumors clearly distinguished benign and malignant tumors, and identified in malignant tumors, two groups of tumors of very different prognosis. Makers of recurrence and death based on the subtraction of the expression of two genes, DGL7-PINK1 and PINK1-BUB1B respectively, yield predictions for high-performance compared with current predictors. This work opens original pathophysiological perspectives, which will be further explored in the laboratory. In parallel, the direct translation of the results available to patients with adrenal diseases opens a new avenue in molecular personalized medicine, that we want to further develop
Mathieu, Mickael. « Rôle de EZH2 et du complexe PRC2 dans l’homéostasie du cortex surrénalien ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC007/document.
Texte intégralAdrenals are endocrine glands allowing the stress response of the organism. While the medulla produces catecholamines, the adrenal cortex secretes mineralocorticoids in the glomerular zone, and glucocorticoids through cells in the fasciculated zone. These hormones are notably involved in hydromineral homeostasis, the immune response and pulmonary maturation during fetal life. Adrenal insufficiency can therefore be very deleterious in the absence of treatment. To maintain tissue integrity over the course of life and to better respond to the changing needs of the body, the adrenal cortex is in constant cell renewal. Lineage experiments have shown that this renewal is based on the recruitment of capsular progenitor cells and progenitors located in the outer part of the cortex. When mobilized, these progenitors differentiate into cells of the glomerular zone, which then migrate centripetally along the cortex and differentiate into cells of the fasciculated zone after lineage conversion, during their migration. This lineage conversion is orchestrated via a balance between the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, imposing a glomerular identity, and PKA pathway, allowing fasciculated differentiation. Epigenetic factors play many important roles, from embryonic development to tumorigenesis, passing by tissue homeostasis. We have shown that methyltransferase EZH2 is the most overexpressed epigenetic factor in adrenocortical carcinomas and this overexpression is associated with cancer agressivity. EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the multiprotein complex PRC2 that allow, among others things, the repression of the transcription of its target genes by posing the mark H3K27me3. The aim of my thesis was to indentify the putative physiological roles of EZH2 in the adrenal, never investigated yet.By developing a murine model of genetic invalidation of Ezh2 in the adrenal cortex, from the emergence of the adrenal anlagen during embryonic development, we have been able to demonstrate adrenocortical hypoplasia, resulting from a strong atrophy of the zona fasciculata, and associated with primary glucocorticoid insufficiency. Our analyses allowed us to demonstate the original and unexpected role of EZH2 in the controle of the PKA pathway, by repressing expression of this pathway inhibitors such as phosphodiesterases (PDE) and regulatory subunit Prkar1b. EZH2 thus regulate functionel zonation of adrenal cortex via its histone methyltransferase activity. On the contrary, we don’t observe marked alteration of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, suggesting EZH2 is not essential for the control of this pathway in the adrenal. We could also show a dedifferenciation of cortical cells which, after the loss of Ezh2, exhibit progenitors identity by expressing adreno-gonadal marks as Gata4 and Wt1. This dedifferenciation is a natural phenomenon that appear with ageing and could be associated with processive decrease of Ezh2 expression in steroidogenic cells. All of these results, highlights a new function of Ezh2 in the control of the PKA signaling pathway and in the homeostasis of the adrenal gland
Folligan, Koué. « Profil d’expression de protéines spécifiques au cours du développement de la surrénale humaine et applications a la pathologie (hypoplasie surrénale congénitale) ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10185/document.
Texte intégralThe embryology of the human adrenal and the pathogenesis of the hypoplasia adrenal congenital are complex and not well known. We studied the histological and functional characteristics of the fetal human adrenal in normal fetuses aged 12 to 36 weeks development (WD) and presented three cases of congenital adrenal hypoplasia with pituitary abnormalities. In the human fetal adrenal cortex, only the cells of the definitive zone proliferate from the 12th WD. We observe the expression of an adherence protein (NCAM) and of two steroidogenesis enzymes (3β-HSD and P450 c21) in the definitive zone cells, attesting to the capacity of these cells to synthesize mineralocorticoids and/or cortisol. In the fetal zone, only P450 c21 immunoreactivity is detected. The adrenal medulla is formed by immature neuroblasts (CgA -, NCAM+) which migrate and proliferate from the periphery toward the center of the gland, where they differentiate in mature neuroblasts (CgA+). In the two cases of congenital adrenal hypoplasia of anencephalic type without DAX 1 and SF-1 mutation, the cause is probably from pituitary origin and related to absence of gonadotrope cells. In the third case of congenital adrenal hypoplasia, never described, combining a retard intrauterine development, a congenital adrenal hypoplasia, sexual ambiguity, pituitary abnormalities. The absence of mutation of known genes (DAX -1, SF -1, SRY, FGF9, SOX2, SOX3, SOX5 and SOX9) suggests the existence of new genes regulating early differentiation of the adrenal, the gonad and the pituitary
Le, Mestre Julie. « Rôle des voies de signalisation AMPc/PKA et Wnt/bêta-caténine dans la formation des systèmes de régulation aberrants au sein de la corticosurrénale ». Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR055/document.
Texte intégralIn most cases, cortisol hypersecretion (Cushing’s syndrome; CS) results from ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease). Occasionally, CS is the consequence of a unilateral adrenal adenoma or a bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) producing cortisol. In these conditions, hypercortisolism is referred to as “ACTH-independent” owing to suppressed plasma ACTH levels. The molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of cortisol hypersecretion by adrenocortical adenomas and BMAHs in the absence of circulating ACTH has long remained unknown. However, major advances have been made during the past recent years in the comprehension of the pathophysiology of primary adrenal CS. Two main types of molecular defects have been shown to favor cortisol hypersecretion by adrenocortical neoplasms: somatic mutations responsible for activation of intracellular signaling pathways and abnormally expressed (or illegitimate) membrane receptors by tumor cells. In the human adrenal gland, serotonin (5-HT), released by subcapsular mast cells stimulates corticosteroid secretion through activation of its type 4 receptor (5-HT4R). The 5-HT4R is principally expressed in zona glomerulosa cells but weakly expressed in zona fasciculata cells explaining why 5-HT strongly stimulates aldosterone production. Interestingly, in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) cells, activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway by PRKAR1A mutations triggers upregulation of the 5-HT synthesizing enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) type 2 together with the 5-HT4, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors, positively coupled to cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. 5-HT strongly stimulates cortisol production and inhibition of TPH reduced corticosteroidogenesis in cultured PPNAD cells. In human, cortisol secretion is normally stimulated by ACTH also through activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Patients suffering from Cushing’s disease, paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome (paraCS), 21-hydroxylase deficiency or BMAH display high plasma or intraadrenal ACTH levels. In these patients, we show that chronic stimulation of cAMP/PKA pathway by ACTH induces TPH type 1 and 5-HT4/6/7 receptors overexpression in steroidogenic cells. In primary cultured adrenocortical cells originating from a patient with paraCS, 5-HT and 5-HT4/7 receptors agonists were able to activate cortisol secretion. On the other hand, the role of Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway in the emergence of illegitimate receptors is still debated. We therefore evaluated 5-HT4, 5-HT6, 5-HT7, LH/hCG and GIP receptors expression in an adrenocortical tumor with APC germline mutation and two experimental models of constitutive activation of β-catenin in adrenocortical cells, namely genetically modified mice and human transfected adrenocortical cells. Our results indicate that Wnt/-catenin pathway activation promotes significant overexpression of LH/hCG receptor in the 3 models investigated. Globally, our data show that activation of intracellular signaling pathways such as the cAMP/PKA pathway by ACTH or Wnt/-catenin by genetic mutations favors the emergence of abnormal regulatory systems in the adrenal cortex. Our results also demonstrate that intraadrenal 5-HT is involved in corticosteroids hypersecretion related to different diseases including Cushing’s disease, paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome, 21-hydroxylase deficiency and BMAH. TPH inhibitors may thus represent a new therapeutic approach of corticosteroid excess in patients suffering from these disorders
Lihrmann, Isabelle. « Rôle du calcium dans les processus de couplage stimulus-sécrétion dans la cellule corticosurrénalienne chez les amphibiens ». Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES040.
Texte intégralLeboulenger, François. « Contribution à l'étude de l'activité de la corticosurrénale des amphibiens anoures, une glande endocrine sous contrôle multifactoriel ». Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES027.
Texte intégralBerthon, Annabel. « Rôle de la voie Wnt/ßcaténine dans la physiopathologie de la cortico-surrénale ». Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822820.
Texte intégralGrabek, Anaëlle. « Dimorphisme sexuel du cortex surrénalien dans le renouvellement cellulaire et les pathologies ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4018.
Texte intégralSignificant differences between men and women are observed in terms of prevalence to adrenal cortical diseases. In particular, women are up to 6 times more likely than men to develop tumors of the adrenal cortex. Despite those striking disparity, differences and similarities in adrenal cortex renewal between sexes have yet to be investigated. The adrenal gland is a vital organ maintaining body homeostasis through the secretion of steroid hormones. It is composed of two endocrine glands, the medulla and the cortex, that is further divided into concentric zones, from the outer to the inner: the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata and a zona reticularis in human or an X-zone in mice. The cortex is surrounded by a capsule that is further enveloped by a layer of mesothelial cells. In the adult stage, the adrenal cortex undergoes constant cellular renewal. Progenitor cells, located in the outer cortex, proliferate and give rise to new steroidogenic cells that centripetally migrate within the cortex, transdifferentiating along the way until they reach the border with the medulla and enter into apoptosis. During my thesis, I have shown that cell renewal in the adrenal cortex is highly sexually dimorphic with the female cortex being fully replaced in less than 3 months, while in males tissue renewal takes about 9 months. In addition, while male cortical renewal relies on progenitors located in the zona glomerulosa, the female cortex also recruits cells from the capsule to replenish the steroidogenic cell population. Finally, using sex reversal mouse models, gonadectomy and dihytrotestosterone treatments, I have identified an inhibitory role of male androgens on the proliferation and recruitment of capsular cells. In parallel, I have also studied a mouse model ectopically expressing Rspo1 in steroidogenic cells. Careful analysis of this model has evidenced the development of cortical hyperplasia and tumors in aging mice, a phenotype that was found to be significantly more pronounced in female than male. In addition, while male adrenals show signs of cellular degeneration in the adrenal cortex as early as 6 weeks of age, this histology is only observed in females of 12 months of age. Together, these results highlight profound differences between male and female in tissue homeostasis and phenotype development. These differences could offer an explanation to the unequal prevalence to adrenal diseases in men and women
Dumontet, Typhanie. « Rôle de la signalisation PKA dans la zonation de la glande surrénale : modèles génétiques murins et mécanismes post-traductionnels ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC030.
Texte intégralPrimary Pigmented Nodular Adrenal Disease (PPNAD) is the most frequent endocrine manifestation of a rare, dominantly inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, the Carney Complex. These bilateral hyperplasia are associated with inactivating mutations of PRKAR1A, the gene encoding the R1 regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). These benign tumors lead to constitutive activation of PKA, responsible for an ACTH-independent hypertcortisolism (Cushing's syndrome), associating various comorbidities such as central obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, mood disorders or cardiovascular complications. However, the mechanisms of tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. In order to evaluate the consequences of activation of PKA signaling on tumor induction and endocrine activity, the team previously generated a model of transgenic mice reproducing the inactivation of Prkar1a in the adrenal cortex. These mice develop bilateral hyperplasia composed of cells with fetal characteristics naturally absent from an adult adrenal gland.The general objective of this thesis was to identify the origin of the cells constituting this hyperplasia found in the internal cortex of the mutant mice. We used a genetic approach of cell lineage to trace the origin of these tumors after deletion of Prkar1a in the precursors of the adult or fetal cortex.The results show that activation of PKA signaling in the adult cortex is sufficient to promote the development of adrenal hyperplasia associated with Cushing's syndrome. The ablation of Prkar1a in the precursors of the fetal cortex does not lead to any endocrine or tumor abnormalities. On the contrary, activation of PKA signaling in the adult cortex promotes centripetal cell renewal, fasciculata identity and its conversion into reticularis identity in the internal part of the gland. The activation of PKA signaling, together with cortical growth, therefore appears to be a possible motor of adrenarche, normally restricted to human and some primates.Transcriptomic analysis of the adrenals and cell lineage experiments show that female predisposition to Cushing's syndrome and development of "pseudo-reticularis" hyperplasia may be based on sexual dimorphism of progenitor cell recruitment capacities and on metabolism of cholesterol.In parallel, the exploration of the mechanisms leading to the inappropriate presence of "pseudo-reticularis" cells led us to test the involvement of SUMOylation in the observed zonation defects. Our results show that the activation of PKA signaling in vitro and in vivo exerts a global hypoSUMOylation, of transcriptional origin. In agreement with this effect, the nodules present in patients with PPNAD are hypoSUMOylated. Finally, we show in both species a regionalized SUMOylation gradient in the cortex that suggests the implication of this modification in the zonation of the adrenal gland
Batisse, Lignier Marie. « Progression tumorale dans un modèle murin de carcinogénèse surrénalienne ciblée induite par antigène T de SV 40 : Recherche de cibles thérapeutiques pour le corticosurrénalome ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM07.
Texte intégralAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare aggressive malignant tumor of adrenal cortex. 30% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis and the 5 year-survival rate is obtained inonly 20%. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of tumorigenesis are not well identified. Understanding these mechanisms could offer perspectives for new targeted therapies improving the survival in these patients. P53 inactivation in the adrenal cortex seems a good target to study its role in the tumorigenesis. Large T antigen of SV40 virus is an oncogene that fixes and inhibits P53 and RB. Our laboratory has mouse models expressing this antigen (AdTAg mouse model) in the adrenal cortex and developping progressive adrenal tumors. The initial objective was to characterize the ontogeny of these tumors, studying their molecular characteristics, especially β-catenin and IGF2/mTOR signaling, during the malignant progression. AdTAg mouse models develop adrenocortical tumors with characteristics that are identical to human ACC. They present pulmonary and liver metastases that lead to increased mortality rate from 22 weeks old. These tumors lead to hypercorticism that suggest their steroidogenic differentiation. Weiss score analyses indifferent ages show that these tumors progress from benign to malignant ones, associated with a precocious activation of mTOR pathway and tardive activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These pathways are thus interesting therapeutic targets. The second part of this thesis was concentrated on the anti-cancer treatment trials. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor inhibits cell proliferation and increases cell apoptosis in these tumors. After 3 months of treatment, the tumor burden was significantly reduced and corticosterone levels were normalized. We have also evaluated effects of Wnt/ β-catenininhibitors, Quercetin and PRI-742, in our mouse models. Quercetin inhibits tumor proliferation and progression and it extends the survival rate of AdTAg mice. Surprisingly, this effect was independent of Wnt/β-catenin activity and the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Inversely, PRI-724 seems to be a specific inhibitor of this pathway, blocking the interaction between CBP and β-catenin. A treatment of 2 months reduced significantly the tumor volume in AdTAg mice. This effect was through the inhibition of CBP and β-catenininteraction and signaling. These results encourage using the inhibitors of mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin pathway offering promising targets to improve the survival in patients with ACC
Longo, Mazzuco Tânia. « CONTRIBUTION DE L'EXPRESSION ANORMALE DE RECEPTEURS COUPLES AUX PROTEINES G À LA TUMORIGENESE CORTICO-SURRENALIENNE ». Phd thesis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009050.
Texte intégralLampron, Antoine. « Élucidation des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’expression aberrante du récepteur au peptide insulinotropique glucose-dépendant (GIP) dans les tumeurs du cortex de la glande surrénale ». Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4103.
Texte intégralTumors of the adrenal cortex are varied and frequently found in the population. Aside from rare family cases in which mutations have been identified, the genetic events leading to the formation of adrenocortical tumors remain obscure. A subtype of these tumors includes macronodular hyperplasias, now percieved as the entry point of adrenocortical tumorigenesis. The most commonly observed molecular event in these cases is the presence of aberrantly expressed G-protein coupled receptor that drive steroid production and cellular proliferation. The genetic events leading to these aberrant levels of expression are unknown. This study will use the Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) receptor as a model to identify the molecular mecanisms leading to the aberrant expression of the GIP receptor (GIPR) in adrenocortical tumors. The first part of the study will be a clinical investigation of new cases of adrenocortical tumors to screen for aberrant responses to GIP in various types of these tumors. The patients will be evaluated by a thorough clinical investigation protocol and the resected tumors will be extensively analysed in vitro, using real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, microarray and primary cultures of the tumors. The link between GIP and the normal physiology of the adrenal cortex will also be assessed in normal subjects. The second part of the study will use novel large-scale investigation techniques to determine the transcriptome of different cases of adrenocortical tumors expressing aberrant levels of the GIPR. The functional importance of identified genes will be assessed in cellular models. This study presents the first cases of aldosterone-producing tumors with aberrant responses to hormones, previously confined to cortisol- or androgen producing tumors. The case presented showed an aldosterone production sensitive, among others, to GIP. The GIPR’s mRNA was strongly over expressed and a specific staining was observed in immunohistochemistry. The responses were confirmed in primary cultures of the tumor. In normal adrenals, a role for the control of aldosterone by GIP was also demonstrated. Finally, large-scale profiling of the transcriptome led to the identification of a list of genes with expression levels strictly related to the presence of the GIPR in adrenocortical hyperplasias. One of these genes, perilipin, was strongly repressed specifically in GIP-dependent cases. siRNA techniques were used in a cellular model and confirmed that the repression of perilipin is sufficient to induce the expression of GIPR and that this protein is implicated in the GIP induced steroidogenesis. Allying state-of-the-art in vivo investigation methods to advanced in vitro techniques, the present study identifies novel insights on the link between GIP and the normal adrenal physiology, in normal and pathological conditions.
Magne, Fabien. « Identification des gènes responsables des hyperplasies surrénaliennes macronodulaires bilatérales familiales avec récepteurs aberrants ». Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7023.
Texte intégralThe majority of ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with Cushing's syndrome (AIMAH) is due to the aberrant expression of various receptors in the adrenal cortex. The genes responsible for familial AIMAH with aberrant receptors have not been identified. The aim of this project is to characterize them. A linkage study to identify the region or regions of the genome comprising the gene or genes that may be involved in familial AIMAH was performed using DNA of family members (10 affected and 7 non affected) born in Quebec and harboring AIMAH and Cushing's syndrome, under the aberrant regulation of B-adrenergic and V1-vasopressin receptors. Various chromosomal regions between patients and non-affected family were highlighted. A total of 707,453 SNPs were obtained, and after statistical analysis, 159 significant SNPs, possibly associated with phenotype, were found between the two groups. It was found that the majority of these SNPs were located on chromosomal regions 1q32.1 and 16q12.2. A transcriptome analysis was conducted using DNA from tumours of two patients of the family, as well as DNA from other adrenal tumours; Statistical analysis identified 15 genes that may be linked to disease (11 up-regulated and 4 under-expressed). Using data from these two studies, we identified six genes on chromosome 1 (ATP2B4, PPP1R12B, SOX13, ADORA1, CACNA1S and PHLDA3), one on chromosome 16 (CHD9) and one on chromosome 13 (SPRY2), to investigate the presence of mutations. The sequencing revealed no nucleotide changes in gene PPP1R12B and SOX13. In ATP2B4, CACNA1S, ADORA1 and PHLDA3, the sequencing not revealed nucleotides changes leading to either amino acid changes or an amino acid changes considered “not-relevant”, because they do not differentiate healthy individuals from affected. The sequencing of CHD9 and SPRY2 identified nucleotide changes causing amino acid changes more frequently in patients compared to healthy subjects. In conclusion, our work has therefore identified by linkage analysis and DNA microarray candidate genes that can be responsible to this disease, and mutations in two of these genes, CHD9 and SPRY2. These results are promising because these genes produce proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and regulation of signaling protein kinases. Phenotyping and genotyping of patients should be pursued further.