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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Cortical functional specialization »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 6 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 9 juin 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Cortical functional specialization"

Fiebelkorn, Ian C., and Sabine Kastner. "Functional Specialization in the Attention Network." Annual Review of Psychology 71, no. 1 (2020): 221–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103429.

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Spatial attention is comprised of neural mechanisms that boost sensory processing at a behaviorally relevant location while filtering out competing information. The present review examines functional specialization in the network of brain regions that directs such preferential processing. This attention network includes both cortical (e.g., frontal and parietal cortices) and subcortical (e.g., the superior colliculus and the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus) structures. Here, we piece together existing evidence that these various nodes of the attention network have dissociable functional roles by synthesizing results from electrophysiology and neuroimaging studies. We describe functional specialization across several dimensions (e.g., at different processing stages and within different behavioral contexts), while focusing on spatial attention as a dynamic process that unfolds over time. Functional contributions from each node of the attention network can change on a moment-to-moment timescale, providing the necessary cognitive flexibility for sampling from highly dynamic environments.

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Pauli, Wolfgang M., Randall C. O’Reilly, Tal Yarkoni, and Tor D. Wager. "Regional specialization within the human striatum for diverse psychological functions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 7 (2016): 1907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1507610113.

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Decades of animal and human neuroimaging research have identified distinct, but overlapping, striatal zones, which are interconnected with separable corticostriatal circuits, and are crucial for the organization of functional systems. Despite continuous efforts to subdivide the human striatum based on anatomical and resting-state functional connectivity, characterizing the different psychological processes related to each zone remains a work in progress. Using an unbiased, data-driven approach, we analyzed large-scale coactivation data from 5,809 human imaging studies. We (i) identified five distinct striatal zones that exhibited discrete patterns of coactivation with cortical brain regions across distinct psychological processes and (ii) identified the different psychological processes associated with each zone. We found that the reported pattern of cortical activation reliably predicted which striatal zone was most strongly activated. Critically, activation in each functional zone could be associated with distinct psychological processes directly, rather than inferred indirectly from psychological functions attributed to associated cortices. Consistent with well-established findings, we found an association of the ventral striatum (VS) with reward processing. Confirming less well-established findings, the VS and adjacent anterior caudate were associated with evaluating the value of rewards and actions, respectively. Furthermore, our results confirmed a sometimes overlooked specialization of the posterior caudate nucleus for executive functions, often considered the exclusive domain of frontoparietal cortical circuits. Our findings provide a precise functional map of regional specialization within the human striatum, both in terms of the differential cortical regions and psychological functions associated with each striatal zone.

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Goldman-Rakic, Patricia S. "Structural and Functional Specialization of Cortical Pyramidal Cells." Developmental Neuropsychology 16, no. 3 (1999): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326942dn1603_4.

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Andermann, Mark L., Aaron M. Kerlin, Demetris K. Roumis, Lindsey L. Glickfeld, and R. Clay Reid. "Functional Specialization of Mouse Higher Visual Cortical Areas." Neuron 72, no. 6 (2011): 1025–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.013.

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Marshel, James H., Marina E. Garrett, Ian Nauhaus, and Edward M. Callaway. "Functional Specialization of Seven Mouse Visual Cortical Areas." Neuron 72, no. 6 (2011): 1040–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2011.12.004.

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Kühnis, Jürg, Stefan Elmer, and Lutz Jäncke. "Auditory Evoked Responses in Musicians during Passive Vowel Listening Are Modulated by Functional Connectivity between Bilateral Auditory-related Brain Regions." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 12 (2014): 2750–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00674.

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Currently, there is striking evidence showing that professional musical training can substantially alter the response properties of auditory-related cortical fields. Such plastic changes have previously been shown not only to abet the processing of musical sounds, but likewise spectral and temporal aspects of speech. Therefore, here we used the EEG technique and measured a sample of musicians and nonmusicians while the participants were passively exposed to artificial vowels in the context of an oddball paradigm. Thereby, we evaluated whether increased intracerebral functional connectivity between bilateral auditory-related brain regions may promote sensory specialization in musicians, as reflected by altered cortical N1 and P2 responses. This assumption builds on the reasoning that sensory specialization is dependent, at least in part, on the amount of synchronization between the two auditory-related cortices. Results clearly revealed that auditory-evoked N1 responses were shaped by musical expertise. In addition, in line with our reasoning musicians showed an overall increased intracerebral functional connectivity (as indexed by lagged phase synchronization) in theta, alpha, and beta bands. Finally, within-group correlative analyses indicated a relationship between intracerebral beta band connectivity and cortical N1 responses, however only within the musicians' group. Taken together, we provide first electrophysiological evidence for a relationship between musical expertise, auditory-evoked brain responses, and intracerebral functional connectivity among auditory-related brain regions.

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Saleh, Mai. "Intellectual Style Inventory (ISI): Learning Style Assessment after Cortical Functional Specialization." British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science 4, no. 7 (2014): 987–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjesbs/2014/8751.

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St-Onge, Marie-Pierre, Melissa Sy, Steven B. Heymsfield, and Joy Hirsch. "Human Cortical Specialization for Food: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation." Journal of Nutrition 135, no. 5 (2005): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/135.5.1014.

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Toulmin, Hilary, Christian F. Beckmann, Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh, et al. "Specialization and integration of functional thalamocortical connectivity in the human infant." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 20 (2015): 6485–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422638112.

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Connections between the thalamus and cortex develop rapidly before birth, and aberrant cerebral maturation during this period may underlie a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. To define functional thalamocortical connectivity at the normal time of birth, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to measure blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in 66 infants, 47 of whom were at high risk of neurocognitive impairment because of birth before 33 wk of gestation and 19 of whom were term infants. We segmented the thalamus based on correlation with functionally defined cortical components using independent component analysis (ICA) and seed-based correlations. After parcellating the cortex using ICA and segmenting the thalamus based on dominant connections with cortical parcellations, we observed a near-facsimile of the adult functional parcellation. Additional analysis revealed that BOLD signal in heteromodal association cortex typically had more widespread and overlapping thalamic representations than primary sensory cortex. Notably, more extreme prematurity was associated with increased functional connectivity between thalamus and lateral primary sensory cortex but reduced connectivity between thalamus and cortex in the prefrontal, insular and anterior cingulate regions. This work suggests that, in early infancy, functional integration through thalamocortical connections depends on significant functional overlap in the topographic organization of the thalamus and that the experience of premature extrauterine life modulates network development, altering the maturation of networks thought to support salience, executive, integrative, and cognitive functions.

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Linden, David E. J., Nikolaas N. Oosterhof, Christoph Klein, and Paul E. Downing. "Mapping brain activation and information during category-specific visual working memory." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 2 (2012): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00105.2011.

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How is working memory for different visual categories supported in the brain? Do the same principles of cortical specialization that govern the initial processing and encoding of visual stimuli also apply to their short-term maintenance? We investigated these questions with a delayed discrimination paradigm for faces, bodies, flowers, and scenes and applied both univariate and multivariate analyses to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Activity during encoding followed the well-known specialization in posterior areas. During the delay interval, activity shifted to frontal and parietal regions but was not specialized for category. Conversely, activity in visual areas returned to baseline during that interval but showed some evidence of category specialization on multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA). We conclude that principles of cortical activation differ between encoding and maintenance of visual material. Whereas perceptual processes rely on specialized regions in occipitotemporal cortex, maintenance involves the activation of a frontoparietal network that seems to require little specialization at the category level. We also confirm previous findings that MVPA can extract information from fMRI signals in the absence of suprathreshold activation and that such signals from visual areas can reflect the material stored in memory.

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Livres sur le sujet "Cortical functional specialization"

Cowey, Alan. TMS and visual awareness. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0027.

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This article describes the ways in which transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be a means of studying consciousness by interfering with the physical occurrences of the brain. The focus of this article is aspects of consciousness, i.e. being aware or unaware, and their cerebral basis. TMS has been used to demonstrate regional cortical functional specialization. The reasons for the effects caused by TMS are still not fully known. Further work must be done in order to address this problem. TMS can briefly impose (or disrupt) rhythmic discharge in the underlying cortex and some of these rhythms are thought to be important for selective attention and awareness. TMS can disrupt activity in underlying brain tissue with millisecond precision but thus far it is usually used in isolation. When combined with event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging its usefulness will expand.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Cortical functional specialization"

Xerri, Christian, and Yoh’i Zennou-Azogui. "Interplay between Primary Cortical Areas and Crossmodal Plasticity." In Connectivity and Functional Specialization in the Brain. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95450.

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Perceptual representations are built through multisensory interactions underpinned by dense anatomical and functional neural networks that interconnect primary and associative cortical areas. There is compelling evidence that primary sensory cortical areas do not work in segregation, but play a role in early processes of multisensory integration. In this chapter, we firstly review previous and recent literature showing how multimodal interactions between primary cortices may contribute to refining perceptual representations. Secondly, we discuss findings providing evidence that, following peripheral damage to a sensory system, multimodal integration may promote sensory substitution in deprived cortical areas and favor compensatory plasticity in the spared sensory cortices.

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Shibasaki, Hiroshi, and Mark Hallett. "Aphasia, apraxia, and agnosia." In The Neurologic Examination. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197556306.003.0024.

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This chapter discusses anatomical basis of three important higher cortical functions; language, praxis and gnosis (recognition). Several hypotheses have been proposed for the neural circuits related to language, praxis, and recognition based on the correlation between clinical symptoms and signs and pathological findings of patients who died of head trauma or vascular brain lesions, and more recently based on the correlation with the neuroimaging data in clinical cases. Moreover, as a consequence of the recent advances in the various noninvasive techniques for studying brain functions in healthy subjects, and as the result of presurgical evaluation of patients with medically intractable partial epilepsy by intracranial recording, further information on the functional localization (specialization) as well as inter-areal functional coupling has been accumulated.

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Benarroch, Eduardo E. "Neocortical Organization and Circuits." In Neuroscience for Clinicians, edited by Eduardo E. Benarroch. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190948894.003.0024.

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The cerebral cortex consists of multiple areas that differ from each other in terms of microstructural architecture, functional specialization, connectivity with other areas, and topographic organization. All cortical areas share a fundament cell composition, consisting of excitatory (principal) projection neurons, primarily pyramidal neurons, and different subtypes of local inhibitory GABAergic interneurons. Most pyramidal neurons participate in intra- or interhemispheric corticocortical connections; some project to subcortical targets, including the thalamus, basal ganglia, brainstem, and spinal cord. The different subtypes of GABAergic interneurons participate in feedforward, feedback, and disinhibitory circuits by targeting different domains of the principal cells and other GABAergic interneurons. Processing of information in the cerebral cortex critically depends on the precise synchronization of neuronal ensembles, both within local networks and across relatively long distances between separate brain regions. The interactions between principal cells and GABAergic interneurons have a critical role in determining these coordinated cortical oscillations. Dysfunction of these cortical circuits is at the core of many neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including seizures, dementia, and schizophrenia, to name a few.

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Wise, Steven P. "Pleistocene prizes." In Cortical Evolution in Primates. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192868398.003.0017.

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Abstract Cortical expansion accelerated in Pleistocene hominins, resuming a phylogenetic trend that began in anthropoids of the late Eocene and hominoids of the early Miocene. Most of the areas involved in the Pleistocene phase of cortical expansion were specializations of anthropoids, including large parts of the prefrontal, posterior parietal, and temporal cortex. These areas supported social cooperation, tool manufacture, teaching and imitation, relational reasoning, spoken language, and episodic memory. Two additional functions may have been especially important: cultural knowledge, also known as semantic memory; and the limitless imagination of alternative futures, along with counterfactual pasts. The latter function, called constructive episodic simulation, depended on expansion of both the hippocampus and the typically layered areas of cortex, especially prefrontal areas. Emergent properties included a human-specific sense of self and society, including large-scale, geographically dispersed cultures.

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Baldwin, Mary K. L., and Steven P. Wise. "Evolution of Frontal Cortex and Thalamus in Primates." In The Cerebral Cortex and Thalamus, edited by Andrew C. Halley and Leah Krubitzer. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197676158.003.0057.

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Abstract The frontal cortex and thalamus changed during primate evolution, both in size and composition. New, primate-specific areas include the granular prefrontal cortex (PFC) and several premotor areas, and an emphasis on vision increased the size and complexity of cortical visual areas, which directly influenced the frontal cortex. When they first evolved, visual inputs to the PFC guided foraging, while those to premotor areas improved reaching and leaping. A key development occurred during the Miocene, when the frontal lobe enlarged independently in New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, and hominoids (the ape-human lineage). Parallel developments occurred in thalamic nuclei connected to the PFC. The magnocellular division of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDmc) functions like sensory and cerebellar relay nuclei, but—unlike its homolog in other mammals—some of its outputs go to new, primate-specific orbitofrontal areas. These thalamocortical projections relay information from the amygdala about the current desirability of hidden food items, which improves foraging choices. In early primates, these specializations enhanced fitness as they foraged among the terminal branches of rainforest trees in dim light. Like the granular PFC, the medial pulvinar (PulM) and most of the lateral mediodorsal nucleus (MD) are primate specializations. These nuclei, which include the parvocellular division of MD (MDpc), integrate inputs from several cortical areas, including many primate-specific ones. MDpc and PulM expanded during anthropoid evolution, in parallel with the granular PFC; and, during human evolution, MD and the pulvinar became the largest thalamic nuclei as the granular PFC came to dominate the frontal lobe.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Cortical functional specialization"

Movshon, J. Anthony. "Organization of primate visual cortex." In OSA Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.tuj1.

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The monkey's visual cortex contains more than two dozen separate areas, comprising in all about half the cerebral cortex. Each area provides a representation of the visual scene, and the existence of these multiple representations suggests that different areas may be specialized for the analysis of different aspects of the visual world. This tutorial reviews experimental evidence on functional specialization in the cortex and considers the validity and utility of this mosiac conception of cortical function.

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