Thèses sur le sujet « Courant critique »
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SARRHINI, OTMAN. « Anisotropie de la densite de courant critique et de l'aimantation irreversible des supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique ». Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112479.
Texte intégralDumont, Jérôme. « Mesures de courant critique en présence d'un courant polarisé en spin, et propriétés hors équilibre d'un supraconducteur soumis à un flux d'aimantation ». Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066547.
Texte intégralZhang, Chaowu. « Étude de l'optimisation et de la cinétique de formation de conducteurs supraconducteurs Nb3Sn obtenus par la méthode de l'étain interne ». Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10112.
Texte intégralSuperconductors Nb3Sn wires are one of the most applicable cryogenic superconducting materials and the best choice for high-field magnets exceeding 10T. One of the most significant utilization is the ITER project which is regarded as the hope of future energy source. The high-Cu composite designs with smaller number of sub-element and non-reactive diffusion barrier, and the RRP (Restacked Rod Process) internal-Sn technology are usually applied for the wire manufacturing. Such designed and processed wires were supplied by MSA/Alstom and WST/NIN in this research. The systematic investigation on internal-Sn superconducting wires includes the optimization of HT conditions, phase formation and its relation with superconductivity, microstructure analysis, and the phase formation kinetics. Because of the anfractuosity of the configuration design and metallurgical processing, the MF wires are not sufficient for studying a sole factor effect on superconductivity. Therefore, four sets of ME wires with different Sn ratios and different third-element addition were designed and fabricated in order to explore the relationship between phase formation and superconducting performances, particularly the A15 layer growth kinetics. Different characterization technics have been used (magnetization measurements, neutron diffraction and SEM/TEM/EDX analysis)The A15 layer thicknesses of various ME samples were measured and carried out linear and non-linear fits by means of two model equations. The results have clearly demonstrated that the phase formation kinetics of Nb3Sn solid-state reaction is in accordance with an n power relation and the n value is increased with the increase of HT temperature and the Sn ratio in the wire composite
Percio, Jean-Marc del. « L'épistémologie, un mode d'expression politique original : le courant de la critique de la science, 1968-1981 ». Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/delpercio_jm.
Texte intégralThis work consists in demonstrating that scientists, basically focusing their political and intellectual thinking on theorical notions diriving from epistemology, from values of science, build up their own mean political means of investment. Values coming from the corpus in relation with the theory of knowledge create a way of thinking directing political investment of scientists in the City
Percio, Jean-Marc del Michel Jacques. « L'épistémologie, un mode d'expression politique original le courant de la critique de la science, 1968-1981 / ». Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/delpercio_jm.
Texte intégralHoàng, Thê Cuong. « Caractérisation des supraconducteurs à haute température critique en vue d'application en électrotechnique ». Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10129/document.
Texte intégralThe main of this thesis is the characterization of high critical temperature superconductors (HTS). First, we have presented the generality of the HTS. The possible use in the future, of the HTS for the transport current, involves to study more particularly the losses in self-field, or fed by a sinusoidal current. Then we have recalled the losses calculations based on the Bean model critical state for various forms of the sample, as a plate, a cylinder, a tube cylindrical hollow and an HTS cable. For the second time, we have characterized the HTS which allows make the characteristics E(J), U(I), Jc(B), and n(B) of an HTS tube cylindrical hollow. The characterization has been made by the electrical method. Then we have tried a self-field compensation of an HTS tube by two different methods. After we have measured the magnetic field diffusion in an HTS plate and we have determined its Jc by the magnetic field measurement in complete penetration. In the last time, we have calculated analytically the losses in self-field of the HTS tube, using the Bean model critical state. We have also showed that in self-field, the magnetic field penetration inside the HTS material happens in order. First of all, there is magnetic field incomplete penetration from outside to inside the material, then when the penetration is complete, the magnetic field increase uniformly throughout the material. These losses calculation results have been compared to measurement results, this comparison shows a clear coincidence. For the last experiment, we have measured and analysed the losses in an HTS coils fed by a sinusoidal current 50Hz frequency. These results have showed that the losses of this HTS coils are mainly losses in the superconducting material and not in the superconducting matrix
Zhang, Chaowu. « Etude de l'optimisation et de la cinétique de formation de conducteurs supraconducteurs Nb3Sn obtenus par la méthode de l'étain interne ». Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178091.
Texte intégralL'épaisseur de la couche de la phase A15 mesurée dans différents monofilaments a permis de déterminer la loi de cinétique de formation selon deux modèles. Les résultats ont clairement montré que le modèle de diffusion en phase solide est en accord avec une loi de puissance n et que la valeur de n augmente avec la température de traitement et le taux d'étain dans le fil composite.
Magro, Christophe. « Céramiques supraconductrices de YBa₂Cu₃O₇-δ : étude de leur réactivité chimique et mise en évidence de mécanismes de texturation en liaison avec le courant critique ». Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR10661.
Texte intégralObtaining high critical current densities in YBa₂Cu₃O₇-δ ceramics requires a mastery of their microstructure and composition. We have established correlations between processing conditions (influence carbonates and additions BaCuO2-CuO), chemical treatment (oxidation assisted by an electric current, by fluorination gas and plasma channel) and the superconducting characteristics of these materials. .
Naour, Françoise. « Le courant de conscience dans la littérature romanesque chinoise contemporaine : le cas de Wang Meng (1978-1980) ». Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL30021.
Texte intégralBouquet, Valérie. « Nouveaux fils supraconducteurs a base de phases de chevrel : optimisation des conditions d'élaboration et des densités de courant critique ». Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10126.
Texte intégralMOCAER, PHILIPPE. « Etude du courant critique et des mecanismes de dissipation dans les ceramiques supraconductrices de type yba#2cu#3o#7## ». Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066243.
Texte intégralVASSEUR, HUGUES. « La reponse d'un supraconducteur de type ii a un champ magnetique alternatif : peut-on choisir un modele de courant critique ? » Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066422.
Texte intégralVali, Shahab. « Les figures de l'Iran pré-islamique dans la littérature des Ŷarsâns, courant religieux kurde ». Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5004.
Texte intégralThis thesis proposes to study the mythological figures in the sacred texts produced by the Yârsân Kurds and the dialogue that exists between the textual production of this religious group and the Iranian religious culture before and after Islam. The history of the Yârsâns dates back to the 11th century. However the most important period for Yarsâns starts in the 14th century, called also the ‘period of Truth’ in their own terms, when the literary sacred texts of the group began to be produced, collected and organized. Yârsân Kurds as a religious esoteric community have been a great source of interest for Western scholarship in recent decades. European scholars have mainly focused on the inextricable ties that exist between the main characteristics of the Yârsân religious thoughts and the Iranian religious background both before and after Islam, particularly with Shiite doctrines. Scholars such as Minorsky, Gobineau, Ivanow and later Mokri and During have largely followed this path to understand the particularity of the Yârsâns as a minority religious group. In spite of the efforts made by these scholars, the lack of use of Yarsân sacred texts as sources rendered previous research incomplete, and even in some cases distorted the reality. [. . . ] By using a large number of unpublished textual records, written by Yârsân spiritual masters, the present thesis aims to understand the religious doctrine that is reflected in these documents, and the mythological figures and their places both in Yârsân religious thought and also in the larger context of Iranian religious culture. I have also attempted to identify all these figures, and to describe their functions, their symbolic and religious characteristics, in the religious system of the Yârsâns. I have also attempted to trace the origins of this religious system in Iranian mythology by following the changes and additions. I also tried to specify more clearly the link between this Kurdish religious community and religious thinking of pre- Islamic Iran, which will lead me to provide an answer to the question of the origin of this religious group which has long been a mystery for the scholars of the subject
Fauqué, Benoît. « Etude des supraconducteurs à haute température critique par diffusion des neutrons ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349921.
Texte intégralHarrabi, Khalil. « Discrimination des différents modes dissipatifs dans les supraconducteurs Haute Tc et Métalliques ». Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066206.
Texte intégralPouffary, Yaël. « Emily Dickinson : le courant ophélien, poésie et représentations picturales ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR2008.
Texte intégralThe Essence of Ophelia within the poetry and life of the poet is unveiled, based on a comparative study of Emily Dickinson and the diverse uses of Ophelia throughout time. This allows to put into evidence the undeniable influence of this so-called ‘minor’ character on Emily Dickinson’s imagination, and her ‘major’ role on the poet and her art. Jean-Luc Nancy explains that there is a point where text and image fuse, where their borders blur and it results in a creation of a non-figurative image – which thus relies solely on individuals’ senses. Ophelia’s symbolism has an abundant amount of layers which allows innumerable interpretations, embellished by The Poet (as defined by Emerson). By leaning faithfully on Horace’s doctrine “Ut Pictura Poesis erit”, Ophelia comes to life in the poetry of Dickinson. Horace’s goals was to place the art of language on the same level as visual arts, thus the idea that a mute poetry (painting) is such as a vocal painting (poetry). This doctrine modifies the status of image and widens the painter’s palette. Consequently, Ophelia will be such as a silent foundation to Emily Dickinson’s poetry, where there is no imitation but solely an artistic influence with the notion of Differentiation, lines of flight, mapping and becoming-Minor which leads to the creation of the unique. According to Keats, it can equivocate to a sovereign truth, central quest of Dickinson’s circumferential journey. This dissertation leans on cardinal points to follow Emily Dickinson along her circumferential journey and her quest of the Ophelian North. Based on the definition of Concept by Hume, Hegel and Deleuze, the Ophelian Concept of Emily Dickinson will be brought forward. In order for that to be possible, the poet will match four criteria: have a mimesis base with Ophelia – which is found in the East, be able to create from that – located in the South, then have it lead to an innovative artistic response – positioned in the West, and finally, that immortality be attained – established in the North. This will allow a definition of Emily Dickinson’s Ophelian Becoming-map and her use of the Ophelian Concept
Legendre, Fabrice. « Optimisation de la microstructure de rubans Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8/Ag préparés par voie électrolytique et traitements thermiques : corrélation avec les performances supraconductrices ». Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10236.
Texte intégralUne fois les precurseurs deposes, nous avons utilise un traitement thermique en deux etapes : un traitement bref d'homogeneisation puis un recuit isotherme dans le domaine de stabilite de la bi 2212. Nous avons examine l'influence des parametres thermiques (vitesse de chauffe, temperature, duree de maintien, vitesse de refroidissement) sur la microstructure et les proprietes supraconductrices finales. L'obtention d'une microstructure optimale (texture et taille des grains supraconducteurs, homogeneite du materiau) necessite de (1) controler precisement la temperature et limiter le temps de maintien a haute temperature lors de la premiere etape pour eviter la croissance des phases non supraconductrices et (2) de se placer rapidement, lors de la deuxieme etape, juste en dessous de la temperature de fusion de la phase bi 2212 durant seulement 1 h. Ces conditions s'expliquent par l'effet des phases liquides qui apparaissent dans le systeme. Cette etude a permis de synthetiser de facon reproductible des rubans tres textures dont la densite de courant critique de transport est d'environ 30 000 a/cm 2 a 77 k sous 0 t (jc m a x = 38 000 a/cm 2)
Rango, Patricia de. « Synthèse et caractérisation d'oxydes supraconducteurs à haute température critique : texturation par solidification sous champ magnétique ». Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10016.
Texte intégralBuisson, Olivier. « Réalisation et étude de circuits submicroniques supraconducteurs : disque supraconducteur et courants critiques ». Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375687.
Texte intégralLes circuits submicroniques ont été réalisés par lithographie électronique utilisant un procédé bicouche PMMA/MAA. L'optimisation de ce procédé a permis d'obtenir des lignes de 100nm de large.
Nous avons étudié pour la première fois un disque supraconducteur en mesurant sa température critique, son aimantation ainsi que la dérivée de son aimantation avec la température. Ces résultats sont parfaitement expliqués par un modèle théorique considérant une particule quantique chargée confinée dans un disque et soumise à un champ magnétique.
Nous avons aussi mesuré le courant critique d'un réseau carré de fils supraconducteurs. Ce dernier a été interprété comme étant le courant de « dépairage ». Ces propriétés s'expliquent très précisément par un modèle théorique utilisant le spectre d'énergie d'une particule dans un réseau carré.
Deux régimes de dissipation apparaissent au delà du courant critique. A champ magnétique nul, des sauts de tensions comparables à des « phase slip centre » dans un fil unique sont observés. Sous champ magnétique, un régime comparable au « flux flow » apparaît dans le réseau dont la viscosité mesurée a pu être expliquée par un modèle théorique simple.
Revial, Gaëlle. « Masque de l’écriture, écriture du masque. Amélie Nothomb et le courant « posthumain » ». Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040011.
Texte intégralThis thesis proposes to examine the representation of the mask and the influence of this concept in Amélie Nothomb’s work, in particular to throw light on the unproven monstrousness of her writing. Before the description of the Belgian French languaged literature and the different literary currents in which the novelist seems to belong to, it takes an interest in masks used by her characters to deceive their surroundings or deceive themselves, and in the world vision that is proposed to the reader. Secondly it describes mask as a permanent feature of the Amélie Nothomb’s voice, in the novelist’s thematic and stylistic writing or in her public or literary characters. Then, it examines the caricatural and grotesque aesthetic of the Amélie Nothomb’s masks, which can make the story beginning a carnival cycle
Akaaboune, Nor-Eddine. « Diagramme de phase (H, T) du supraconducteur organique (TMTSF)2ClO4 faiblement désordonné ». Paris 11, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002215.
Texte intégralThe present thesis work, was focusing in particular, on the superconducting state of quasi one dimensional organic conductor (TMTSF)2ClO4. We have determined a new vortex phase diagram of this compound, by interlayer transport measurement, performed under magnetic field applied perpendicular to the layers. Starting from an analysis of the critical current and the superconducting fluctuations, we have demonstrated that the electronic structure of (TMTSF)2ClO4 is three dimensional in nature and the transport along the weakest conductivity axis (c-axis) is very coherent although the coupling is weak in this direction. In the mixed state, the pinning energy in the liquid phase shows a 1/H dependence which corresponds to the plastic bending of the flux line lattice. Finally, we have also studied the effect of the disorder introduced by different thermal cooling rates. Our results show strong modifications on the superconducting parameters
Wang, Yin-Yu. « Réseaux supraconducteurs : température critique et états mixtes ». Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10060.
Texte intégralRochepault, Etienne. « Etude de dipôles supraconducteurs en Nb3Sn à haut champ : isolation électrique à base de céramique et conception magnétique ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747838.
Texte intégralPorcar, Laureline. « Elaboration et propriétés physiques des composés Y1Ba2Cu3O(7-delta) texturés pour la limitation du courant ». Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0225.
Texte intégralReydet, Pierre Louis. « Elaboration, caractérisation et études des propriétés de transport sous champ magnétique de couches minces supraconductrices de LnBa2Cu3O(7-x) (Ln = Y, Sm) ». Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10050.
Texte intégralShaidiuk, Viacheslav. « Magnétotransport dans les micro-ponts monocristallins de B12212 : mécanisme de dépiégeage et dynamique des vortex ». Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4028/document.
Texte intégralIn this work, we deal with depinning and dynamics of vortices (plastic or elastic) with or without pinning centers (0D or 1D). Results were obtained using measurements.Effects of votex-vortex interactions in the vicinity of have been studied for single crystal microbridge of Bi-2212 unirradiated and irradiated with heavy ions parallel to the cristallographic axis (columnar defects or CD). measuremants have been made at low temperature (5 K) and in the vicinity of at different magnetic field .At 5 K, our results show a peak effect at and a hystheresis phenomena for the dependence of which have been attributed to a change in the depinning mechanism and dynamics. The dependence of curves also reveals the presence of one ore more peaks in the dependence of the dynamical resistance . More, the typical law has been verified. The obtained critical exponent varies for lower or higher than for both irradiated and unirradiated samples. The different values are explained by the different depinning mechanisms.In the vicinity of , our results show a two steps depinning mechanism (interstitial vortex and, after, ones which are lodalized on CD). curves obey almost the same law as at low temperature : . The different obtained values are discussed in the framework of the vortex dimensionality (2D or 3D).Finally, the effect of the application of a perpendicular magnetic field component on the vortex delocalization has been studied at both low and high temperature. Our results clearly show the existence of one or more critical angle for the delocalization process
Villaume, Alain. « Imagerie Magnéto Optique pour les matériaux supraconducteurs ». Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087773.
Texte intégralLes études MO ont notamment porté sur les matériaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique élaborés ou étudiés au CNRS-CRETA et laboratoire de Cristallographie. En particulier, un dispositif de texturation par défilement sous champ magnétique de rubans multifilamentaires de Bi2212 a été mis au point. Connaître précisément les conditions de texturation pour chaque échantillon permet en effet de mieux interpréter les données issues des caractérisations, et notamment les images MO. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence par des obervations MO que la texturation sous champ magnétique améliore le piégeage et la texture des filaments, notamment ceux situés au centre des rubans. Par ailleurs le courant critique mesuré à 4,2K est augmenté de 30 à 40\% grâce à la texturation sous champ magnétique.
Dans les massifs YBCO, nous avons mis en évidence grâce aux images MO que l'adaptation du taux d'oxygène dans l'atmosphère du four lors des phases de montée et descente en température est cruciale pour l'obtention d'un dopage homogène en oxygène. L'étude effectuée grâce à l'imagerie MO a par ailleurs révélé que le perçage d'un réseau de trous permet une amélioration significative de la qualité de la texture et de la densité locale de courant critique.
Les Coated Conductors fournis par Theva$^{\copyright}$ ont également fait l'objet d'études MO. Des défauts spécifiques, en forme d'étoiles et dus à la délamination de la couche tampon de MgO ont pu être observés. Les observations MO sous contrainte axiale in situ ont révélé que le courant critique était limité par l'apparition de bandes de contraction (Lüders Bands) dans le substrat, induisant des fissures dans les couches tampon et supraconductrice. Ces fissures ont été observées pour la première fois en MO au cours de cette thèse. L'imagerie MO a également permis de mettre en évidence la présence de fissures horizontales dues à la compression latérale de la couche MgO.
Enfin des mesures en courant de transport de films minces ont été effectuées en parallèle avec des observations MO. Il apparaît que les défauts créés artificiellement par lithographie n'entraînent pas une différence mesurable sur la densité de courant critique (bien que la densité de courant locale dépasse le Jc), mais plutôt une augmentation de la résistivité de flux flow ou de flux creep. Ce travail a été consacré à la réalisation et l'utilisation d'un dispositif d'imagerie Magnéto-Optique (MO) pour l'étude des matériaux supraconducteurs. La principale originalité de ce dispositif est de permettre des mesures sous courant de transport (30A), sous champ magnétique (jusqu'à 100mT), et/ou sous contrainte axiale (80kg maximum).
Les études MO ont notamment porté sur les matériaux supraconducteurs à haute température critique élaborés ou étudiés au CNRS-CRETA et laboratoire de Cristallographie. En particulier, un dispositif de texturation par défilement sous champ magnétique de rubans multifilamentaires de Bi2212 a été mis au point. Connaître précisément les conditions de texturation pour chaque échantillon permet en effet de mieux interpréter les données issues des caractérisations, et notamment les images MO. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence par des obervations MO que la texturation sous champ magnétique améliore le piégeage et la texture des filaments, notamment ceux situés au centre des rubans. Par ailleurs le courant critique mesuré à 4,2K est augmenté de 30 à 40\% grâce à la texturation sous champ magnétique.
Dans les massifs YBCO, nous avons mis en évidence grâce aux images MO que l'adaptation du taux d'oxygène dans l'atmosphère du four lors des phases de montée et descente en température est cruciale pour l'obtention d'un dopage homogène en oxygène. L'étude effectuée grâce à l'imagerie MO a par ailleurs révélé que le perçage d'un réseau de trous permet une amélioration significative de la qualité de la texture et de la densité locale de courant critique.
Les Coated Conductors fournis par Theva$^{\copyright}$ ont également fait l'objet d'études MO. Des défauts spécifiques, en forme d'étoiles et dus à la délamination de la couche tampon de MgO ont pu être observés. Les observations MO sous contrainte axiale in situ ont révélé que le courant critique était limité par l'apparition de bandes de contraction (Lüders Bands) dans le substrat, induisant des fissures dans les couches tampon et supraconductrice. Ces fissures ont été observées pour la première fois en MO au cours de cette thèse. L'imagerie MO a également permis de mettre en évidence la présence de fissures horizontales dues à la compression latérale de la couche MgO.
Enfin des mesures en courant de transport de films minces ont été effectuées en parallèle avec des observations MO. Il apparaît que les défauts créés artificiellement par lithographie n'entraînent pas une différence mesurable sur la densité de courant critique (bien que la densité de courant locale dépasse le Jc), mais plutôt une augmentation de la résistivité de flux flow ou de flux creep.
Cattin, François. « Analyse de la pratique d'un formateur en développement dans le cadre du processus de mûrissement de l'acteur par l'entraînement intensif du corps et de la voix ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22117.
Texte intégralLiu, Chang-Jun. « Étude des propriétés magnétiques de couches minces supraconductrices de YBa2Cu3O(7-x) ». Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10078.
Texte intégralGueu, Solagon. « Analyse expérimentale de la dynamique de l'interface d'un film annulaire vertical soumis ou non à un écoulement de gaz à contre courant ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL081N.
Texte intégralHsiao, Pai-Yi. « Comportement critique des modèles de spin classiques sur des fractals : magnétisme orbital d'un gaz d'electrons bidimentionnel confiné par un potentiel harmonique ». Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077099.
Texte intégral(I) We study the critical behavior of Ising model and 3-state Pottsmodel on fractals by Monte Carlo simulation. The results obtained byfinite size scaling satisfy the hyperscaling relation with the Hausdorffdimension, but differ from the prediction of epsilon-expansion. Theuniversality of these phase transions is shown to be weak. Moverover, we measure the dynamical exponents of the Wolff algorithm and establisha new scaling law for the size distribution of Wolff clusters. (II) Westudy a 2D electron gas confined by an harmonic potential and introducean exact trace formula in application of the residue theorem. We showthat the magnetism presents three different behaviors: Landau Diamagnetism,de Haas-van Alphen Oscillation and Mesoscopic Fluctuation. In applyingthe coherent state method, we give a formula for current density inducedby the external magnetic field
Hoyo, José Félix. « Critique des courants sociologiques : marxisme, structuralisme, fonctionnalisme ». Paris 8, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080108.
Texte intégralThis work develops an analysis of the different sociological currents: marxism, fonctionalism and structuralism. The thesis is centered on the discussion of the fondamental methodological and theoretical aspects, particularly the concepts of "social structure" and "social classes". Firstly, we make a presentation of the fondamental aspects of the hegelian dialectics and the formulations made by contemporary authors such as k. Kosik and h. Lefebvre. Secondly, we examine the marxist conception of "social structure" and "social classes". Thirdly, we develop the analysis of the conceptions of the main theorists of positivism. Here again we study the development of the two key concepts (social structure and social classes). We analyse the thinking of a. Comte, h. Spencer, e. Durkheim, m. Weber, v. Pareto, b. Malinowski, r. Brown, r. Linton, p. Sorokin, t. Parsons, s. Lipset, zetterberg, k. Davis et w. E. Moore, etc. Fourthly, we continue with the structuralist current and particularly with the conceptions of levi-strauss and j. Piaget. Finally, we present a whole vision of the fondamental aspects and characteristics of the different currents and authors considered
Hoyo, José Félix. « Critique des courants sociologiques marxisme, structuralisme, fonctionnalisme / ». Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606050c.
Texte intégralRochepault, Etienne. « Étude de dipôles supraconducteurs en Nb3Sn à haut champ : isolation électrique à base de céramique et conception magnétique ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112210/document.
Texte intégralIn the framework of LHC upgrades, significant efforts are provided to design accelerator magnets using the superconducting alloy Nb3Sn, which allows to reach higher magnetic fields (>12T). The aim of this thesis is to propose new computation and manufacturing methods for high field Nb3Sn dipoles. A ceramic insulation, previously designed at CEA Saclay, has been tested for the first time on cables, in an accelerator magnet environment. Critical current measures, under magnetic field and mechanical stress, have been carried out in particular. With this test campaign, the current ceramic insulation has been shown to be too weak mechanically and the critical current properties are degraded. Then a study has been conducted, with the objective to improve the mechanical strength of the insulation and better distribute the stress inside the cable. Methods of magnetic design have also been proposed, in order to optimize the coils shape, while fulfilling constraints of field homogeneity, operational margins, forces minimization… Consequently, several optimization codes have been set up. They are based on new methods using analytical formulas. A 2D code has first been written for block designs. Then two 3D codes have been realized for the optimization of dipole ends. The former consists in modeling the coil with elementary blocs and the latter is based on a modeling of the superconducting cables with ribbons. These optimization codes allowed to propose magnetic designs for high field accelerator magnets
Spathis, Panayotis. « Couplage interplan dans Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+∂ : effet du désordre et du champ magnétique ». Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465554.
Texte intégralMartin, Thierry. « Probabilités et critique philosophique selon Cournot ». Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0003.
Texte intégralThe thesis aims to study the link between cournot's idea of probabilities and his philosophy cognition to emphathize their reciporcal influence. Cournot's philosophical reflection on the mathematical theory of probabilities shows a double distinction between objective and subjective probilities on the one hand, mathematical and philosophical probabilities on the other hand. Thus cournot's approach leads to give the calculus of probabilities the status of a pure mathematical theory and to establish the apprehension of reality on a probabilistic ground, where cournot's originality lies regarding the history of the calmculus of probabilities as much as the philosophy of science. The thesis first analyses the theoreticaland historical conditions of cournot's interpretation of probalilities, meaning the kind of connections between philosophy and the calculus of probabilities, then the hisotory of the calculus of probabilities in its classical period, and then its connection to the peneralized combinatory cournot calls "syntactic". That leads to a study of cournot's probabilistic doctrine, examining the problems his objectivistic theory of chance brings forward, the wary he grants the mathematical probability objective value, then and consequently the nature and reach of the applications of the calculus of probabilities and statistics. The third part of the thesis completes the previous analysis, examining its connection to cournot's philosophy of cognition ; it investigates the nature of philosophical probabilities and their relations to the distinction between rational order and logical order, the relation between mathematics and reality, the nature of induction, finality and their connections to the chance theory
Pourtier-Marty, Florence. « Étude et réalisation de jonctions tunnel et Josephson à partir d'oxydes supraconducteurs à haute température critique ». Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0092.
Texte intégralRodière, Pierre. « Supraconductivité et magnétisme dans le composé à électrons fortement corrélés UPt3 ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10025.
Texte intégralBourgeois, Olivier. « Mesures de transport sur des jonctions supraconducteur/composé magnétique ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10155.
Texte intégralBarbut, Jean-Marc. « Texturation d'YBa2Cu3O(7-[delta]) par fusion de zone sous champ magnétique : détermination par mesure de courant critique de son diagramme de phase dans le plan [H,[THETA]] à 77 K : mise en évidence par mesures résistives de l'existence en champ nul d'une transition du 1er ordre dans l'état supraconducteur ». Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10049.
Texte intégralCottet, Audrey. « Implémentation d'un bit quantique dans un circuit supraconducteur ». Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003511.
Texte intégralMenéndez, Ramón. « L'autisme : une analyse critique des différents courants thérapeutiques : la place de la psychopathologie ». Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20029.
Texte intégralPositions on autism have been classified in two groups : defenders of organic etiology and those who support the psychogenic proposition. Our research consists in questioning this division. We retraced the history of autism from J. Itard's description of "the savage of the Aveyron". The inquiry continued with S. Freud's influence on the scientific community at the beginning of the XX century. E. Bleuler originated the word "autism", used to describe a symptom of schizophrenia. In 1943 were published two works, taht of H. Asperger on "autistic psychopaths", and taht of L. Kanner on "autistic disturbance of affective contact". From this point on, autism aroused the interest of the scientific community. B. Bettelheim published in 1967 "The Empty Fortress", inspired by analysts such as M. Klein and D. Meltzer. Frances Tustin continues this tradition. E. Schopler, formerly a disciple of Bettelheim, became his detractor. He contests the psychogenic thesis of autism and criticizes his mentor views on the mother's role in the etiology of that entity. He incited the creation of a state program (TEACCH). Schopler is influenced by two trends of thought. On the one side the cognitive with authors such as U. Frith and S. Baron-Cohen, who attempt to establish a link between cognitive impairments and neurophysiology. They define autism as an impairment of the "theory of mind". On the other side is behaviorism : I. Lovaas works on the application of behavioral techniques to autistic disorders, without taking interset in etiology. J. Lacan's teachings introduce language structure as the basis for the subjective position. His students worked on autism in order to derive the reference points necessary for psychoanalytic intervention. His remarks are illustrated by three clinical cases. Psychoanalysis is not opposed to the existence of a somatic origin of autism. However, it considers that the subject, caught in the structure of language, cannot be reduced to his or her organism
Damon, Olivier. « Étude de l'entraînement de gouttelettes à partir de films ruisselant sur des parois lisses ou de forme complexe ». Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10040.
Texte intégralOussena, Mohand. « Champs et densités de courants critiques dans les oxydes supraconducteurs à haute Tc ». Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112108.
Texte intégralA field and temperature studies of the high Tc superconductor oxides (La1,85Sr0,15Cu04, YBa2Cu307 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8) has revealed several particular behaviours. In sintered samples, the intergranular critical current density varies from 10 to 103 A/cm2 at T = 4. 2 K, whereas the intragranular critical current density exceeds 106 A/cm2 at T = 4. 2 K and is the same in single crystals (magnetic measurements). Both are controlled by the material's structure yielding two irreversible regimes: one at low magnetic field and the other one at high magnetic field (H>Hc1). The low field irreversibility is strongly reduced in powdered samples and disappears in single crystals: it is controlled by intergranular junctions. The intragranular critical current density displays an exponential decay with temperature whereas the intergranular critical current density exhibits power Laws both with magnetic field H and with temperature T. The latter is comparable to what is deduced from transport measurements. A comparison with this method allows us to show that the critical current density determined by transport measurements is not an intrinsic property of the high Tc superconductor oxides but reflects the junction's current. Study of the angular dependence of the magnetization of single crystals revealed a strong and anomalous behaviour of the hysteresis cycle for H oriented out of the symmetry directions. The anisotropy is of order 30. M vs H curves are extremely sensitive to the exact direction of H, particularly close to the (a,b) plane. The isotropical critical state model fails to describe the magnetic cycle except when the applied field is parallel to the c-direction
Dilasser, Guillaume. « Etude expérimentale et numérique des courants d'écrantages dans les aimants supraconducteurs à haute température critique REBCO ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT059/document.
Texte intégralThe industrialization of the production of high-transition temperature, cuprate-based conductors during the last two decades brings nowadays the possibility of new developments in the field of superconducting magnetism. In particular, we are interested here in the applications of superconducting REBCO tapes. Those belong to the few currently available candidates that are able to operate under magnetic induction above 20 T at classical cryogenic temperature (4.2 K), what makes them almost unavoidable in the scope of high-field applications. Besides, their high critical temperatures also bring the possibility for new magnet designs capable to operate up to temperatures of about 80 K. This notably opens the door to new, less expensive, cryogenic design options, like liquid nitrogen cooling.However, the practical implementation of REBCO tapes inside new superconducting magnets encounters a problem posed by screening currents. The latter term designates the supercurrents that are induced in the superconducting material in response to an external field. These parasitic currents then give rise to perturbations in the total magnetic field generated by the magnet: lowering of its magnitude, spatial distortions and time instabilities. Those various effects collide most of the time with the requirements on the produced field quality. Thus, understanding the phenomenon of screening currents, being able to predict its dynamic and, ideally, having of solutions to remedy this issue, are crucial tasks to ensure the success of future REBCO superconducting magnet projects.This Ph.D. work suggests some elements of answer with regard to this problematic. The phenomenon of screening currents is first approached experimentally, through the measurement of its disruptive effects of the magnetic field generated by small REBCO tests magnets. The experimental data gathered are then used to support the development of a numerical model for magnetodynamic simulations in the framework of the open-source environment GetDP. This model is furthermore tested with satisfactory results on the scenario of the 5.4 T EuCARD dipole developed by CERN. Finally, in a last section, an experimental investigation is conducted on two techniques capable at reducing, or even entirely suppressing, the negative impacts of the screening currents on the field of REBCO magnets: the vortex shaking and current overshoot.Across these developments, this Ph.D. work aims at providing the designers of future REBCO superconducting magnets with tools to anticipate and handle the issues caused by the screening currents
Onaka, Kazuya. « Pratique et temps : Louis Althusser et les "courants souterrains du matérialisme" ». Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100124.
Texte intégralThis work examines the interaction of various moments of the history of philosophy in the corpus of Louis Althusser (Birmandreis, 1918 - Paris 1990). Althusser focuses on such interaction in order to theorize a post-dialectical logic not only for philosophical purposes but also for political practice. The structuralist marxism that he founded among others, once largely determined his understanding of these issues. But, towards the end of his career, he began to elaborate the idea of the aleatory materialism or, in other words, the materialism of the encounter which transforms his earlier problematic. In the light of this new perspective he refers especially to three great philosophers : Epicurus, Machiavelli and Heidegger. Moving beyond the marxist orthodoxy, he is more than ever looking for the possibility of emancipation. However the main thread of his argument develops into the discovery of another principle of historical becoming. This original standpoint leads him to explore what he calls the undercurrents of the aleatory materialism
Bismuth, Serge. « Rire des maîtres de l'art moderne : Courbet et Manet ». Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010555.
Texte intégralThe way the works by Courbet and Manet were critically received can lead us to believe that the success of modern art - of which they were the first masters - depended on its ability to displease or to look incomprehensible. Why were their works received in such a way? Did they need another type of understanding oft artistic expression? What were their intentions? Does the problem of "realism" in art, demonstrate by the first, allow to answer those questions? Why was the way Manet meant to "render his impression" incomprehensible and ludicrous? Why do his works - that he claimed to be "sincere" reveal reminiscences of old paintings and engravings? All those questions seem to be asking the question of the artist and of originality. Their own works seem to have asked this crucial question in a critical way. This critique engendred laughters that could ve assimilated to irony ; this irony, especially the one found in Manet's works, Mallarme's thinking taught us to apprehend it. We ought to pay special attention to the poet's tinking, for he confessed to have been the "daily and heedful witness" of the artist's "teaching"; a teaching that would have consisted to be willing, "each time", to bring oneself into play. From such a play had to be concluded that he "was no other thant the rest"
Jalabert, Thomas. « Modulation de la supraconductivité hors équilibre avec un STM ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALY054.
Texte intégralQuasiparticles dynamics often governs the ultimate performances of superconducting devices. Out-of-equilibrium superconductivity has therefore attracted a long-standing interest. In order to probe the microscopic mechanisms at play, injection of quasiparticles with the help of a tunnel junction has already been employed at the mesoscopic scale, thanks to the outstanding progress in modern nanotechnology. However, lithographed tunnel junctions lack spatial resolution and do not allow to vary the bias voltage and the tunneling current independently. In order to overcome these two limitations the novelty of this PhD work is to use a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) working at very low temperature (50 mK) to tune the critical current of superconducting nanowires as a function of the tip position and the tunneling set-point.In thin niobium nanowires capped with gold, we measured a drastic reduction of the critical current by injecting a tunnelling current of quasiparticles that is six orders of magnitude lower. We interpret this observation as a local increase of the electronic temperature. We also suggest that the same mechanism is at play in superconducting Field Effect Transistors (SuFETs). The critical current depends strongly on the injection position along the nanowire, the injection rate and the energy of the quasiparticles. At large energies compared to the superconducting gap, the reduction of the critical current is controlled by the injected power. Our measurements show that the diffusion of heat by quasiparticles and phonons explains the injection power and position dependencies, and allow to probe the electron-phonon coupling in our samples. By contrast, when reducing the energy at constant injection rate, the critical current sharply decreases close to the gap energy, signalling the breakdown of the quasi-equilibrium model. We explain this behaviour as a non Fermi Dirac out of equilibrium energy distribution of the quasiparticles, and this allows to estimate the relaxation rate of the quasiparticles. We also probed the spectral properties of current carrying nanowires, and induced magnetic vortices to create spatial variations in the density of states. We thus evidenced the effect of quasiparticle trapping by vortices at the nanometer scale, which is of particular interest since until now the only experiments that allow investigating the dynamics of an inhomogeneous superconducting system necessarily probed a macroscopic volume of the superconductor, rendering explanation of the measurements in terms of the inhomogeneity difficult.Therefore, this experimental work opens a new perspective to investigate the competition between diffusion, relaxation and recombination of quasiparticles in strongly disordered superconductors with various applications such as in photon detection and superconducting electronics
Vinot, Emmanuel. « Modélisation des supraconducteurs HTC : applications au calcul des pertes AC ». Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0031.
Texte intégralThe High Température Superconductors discovery in 1986, and their improvement now allow to use their in Electrical devices. It is important to know their electromagnetic behaviour and especially their A. C losses. In this aim a numerical model (based on finite éléments) was developed in FLUX3D. In this model, superconductors are supposed to be perfectly non magnetic and the electrical field versus current density is a power law. For the moment, this law is independent of magnetic induction. Différent formulations (A, [delta]A/[delta]t, T[phi], TTo[phi]) have been studied and compared, in order to impose an exteraal field, a transport current or to include a superconductor in a circuit. The numerical model has then been used to produce quantitative and qualitative results. Numerical, analytical and expérimental studies hâve been performed on a Bi-2223 OPIT strand in self field condition. It allowed to validate the classical hypothesis of perfect coupling between filaments, and has been a means to better understand the electrical measurement method. A two layers coil has then been studied and an analytical model for n layers coils was proposed. The studies presented in this report have also permitted to discuss the Bean model validity. Limitations of a power law with a critical current independent of magnetic induction and température hâve appeared too
Richard, Laurence. « Défauts, plasticité et propriétés physiques induites des supraconducteurs à haute température critique : YBa2Cu3O7-x ». Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2265.
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