Thèses : « Critical incident stress management »

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Turney, Jeffery J. « Police supervisory attributes that influence attitude towards Critical Incident Stress Management programs ». Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619257.

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This quantitative survey study explored relationships between a law enforcement supervisor's personal characteristics and the attitude a supervisor had towards the Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) program. The study solicited law enforcement supervisors (n = 6635) who were graduates of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Academy (FBINA). A modified survey instrument assisted in the collection of demographic data and the assessment of attitudes towards the CISM program. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics in the form of an analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical test and a multiple regression analysis that used a backwards-stepwise format assisted in the examination of the collected data. The results indicated time away from the duties of a line-level patrol officer, investigator, or detective, and time in law enforcement shared a weak relationship with a supervisor's attitude towards the CISM program. More specifically, the longer the time span for each, the more positive the supervisor's attitude should be towards the program. Unfortunately, while these variables may have been deemed significant, the results are virtually meaningless since the model resulted in only two percent of the variance in attitude. Although the study's findings only indicated a weak link between a law enforcement supervisor's characteristics and the attitude a supervisor has towards the CISM program, it also showed supervisors within the study overwhelmingly supported the program. Knowing this support exists could still provide stress management program managers with invaluable insight, as processes are developed to mitigate critical incident stress in law enforcement.

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Parsley, Lea Ann. « Conditions and strategies affecting interagency collaboration in the development of critical incident stress management programs ». Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054315565.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 199 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-180). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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O'Mahoney, Joseph. « Coping with critical incidents : a critical appraisal of stress management and social support within the retained fire service in Ireland ». Thesis, University of East London, 2012. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3990/.

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The psychological health and safety of firefighters has become a significant issue for fire services in Ireland owing both to recent legislative changes and to increasing awareness of the potentially stressful nature of dealing with emergency situations. Critical incident stress management (CISM) initiatives have been introduced with a view to supporting the psychological health of fire crews and with the aim of protecting individuals from developing a psychiatric illness, namely post-traumatic stress disorder. While research has consistently questioned the efficacy of such interventions, there has been little attention paid to how firefighters themselves actually construct their own experiences of dealing with emergency situations in the course of their work. This thesis addresses this imbalance by conducting both a qualitative and quantitative investigation into how firefighters in Ireland talk about the incidents they respond to. The first study details a discourse analysis which was conducted on the transcripts of seven focus groups which was conducted with 89 participating retained firefighters. Key discursive constructions were identified and explored in light of how best to provide psychological supports to fire crews. In order to further investigate these discursive constructions a quantitative study was then conducted with an alternate group of firefighters (n=40) using Q methodology. This triangulation allowed for subject positions to emerge that had not heretofore been considered when providing psychological supports tofirefighters. A number of important findings emerged. First, many of the subject positions explored highlight how firefighters primarily draw upon discourses of professionalism and how constructs of the “crew” can strongly mediate their experiences of the “critical 3 incident”. Secondly, the research highlights how many of the notions inherent in the Mitchell model of CISM were not actually borne out in the fire fighter’s own constructions, particularly with regard to the focus on the “critical incident’ as being always/already a source of a traumatic response. These insights were then used by the Researcher to propose a framework of psychological support for fire services in Ireland.

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Jackson, Colleen Anne, et cjackson@outreachdev com au. « A salutogenic approach to the management of critical incidents an examination of teacher's stress responses and coping, and school management strategies and interventions ». Swinburne University of Technology, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050224.113610.

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This thesis addresses the identification of critical incidents in schools, the factors influencing teachers' coping, and the implications for crisis intervention and management. An argument is developed that school communities may be best served by a salutogenic (wellness) perspective for crisis response and recovery, which focuses on the personal and collective resources that contribute to successful coping and mental health. Three aims were addressed. First considered was the potential for commonly occuring events (e.g., the death or injury of a teacher or student, assault, vandalism or damage to school property, professional misconduct on the part of a teacher), to evoke stress, grief, or trauma responses in individuals and organisations. Emphasised was the nature of individual differences in responses to such critical incidents, and ways of dealing effectively with the varying character and intensity of such responses. The second aim was to examine the influence of pre-existing personal wellbeing and resources on individuals' responses, adjustment and growth after an incident. The third aim was to explore the interface between the individual and the organisation following critical incidents, and the nature and impact of intervention and management strategies on an individuals' sense of wellbeing and ongoing investment within the organisation. Two related studies investigated the impact of critical incidents on teachers. In Study 1, 245 teachers completed a self-report questionnaire that gathered quantitative data comprising three measures of personality and positive functioning (Psychological Wellbeing & Sense of Coherence), demographic data, and teachers' previous experience of critical incidents. Teachers also provided an autobiographical account of a personally significant critical incident. Results showed that commonly occuring events, such as the death of a student or teacher, and other issues such as professional misconduct of a colleague, professional conflict, theft and vandalism were regarded as critical incidents by teachers. The four distinct response categories indentified (negative feelings, positive cognitions, negative conditions, & negative impact on functioning) were characteristically grief or stress responses rather than those associated with psychological trauma. Significant relationships were identified among the personality variables and the measures of positive functioning. Extraversion was positively related to positive functioning, and introversion negatively related. The findings point to personal and collective issues that have the potential to facilitate and enhance coping and recovery after a critical incident. In particular, six management strategies (Wellness Factors), comprising both personal and organisational components, emerged as potential contributors to ongoing psychological wellbeing, sense of coherence, and posttraumatic growth outcomes. These Wellness Factors were identified as: (a) emotional and practical support; (b) active involvement; (c) responding according to individual need; (d) access to information; (e) readiness; and (f) leadership. Study 2 involved a more detailed examination of the experience of 30 teachers following a critical incident subsequent to the completion of Study 1. This study examined personality, posttraumatic growth and personal trauma history (gathered through a self-report questionnaire), in conjunction with the pre-event personal characteristics gathered in Study 1. The second component of Study 2 consisted of a semi-structured interview that explored the teachers' personal experiences of the critical incident. Results revealed that PCI Extraversion showed significant positive relationships with Psychological Wellbeing and Sense of Coherence. PCI Emotionality showed a significant positive relationships with Posttraumatic Growth. Interview data showed that 22.5% of teachers reported a high incidence of Acute Stress responses (DSM-IV-TR criteria). In addition, anger directed at the school's leadership, and conflict between disillusionment with authority and the impact of the event. Strong negative relationships were identified among Extraversion and Openness, and the Wellness factors. Results showed that moderate stress responses are associated with Posttraumatic Growth at a personal level. However, the same responses can evoke disillusionment and cynicism at an organisational level. The findings are discussed in terms of the personal and organisational factors that contribute to healing and recovery following critical incidents. Implications for critical incident management planning, intervention and recovery are considered, along with directions for future research.

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Crego, Jonathan Paul. « Critical incident management : engendering experience through simulation ». Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14772/.

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The world of operational police command is a challenging and complex one, where significant command decisions need to be made amid uncertainty and within narrowing time-frames. The consequences attached to these decisions can often be far reaching and have been in some cases grave, as in the case of disasters such as those at Bradford and Hillsborough football stadia. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to instil within key command officers, the skills and the experience necessary to make these bold and effective command decisions, but within an environment where such dire Consequences (as those that follow a disaster) do not arise from mistakes or inadequacy. The question then becomes how to create such an environment which is at the same time both safe and sufficiently realistic to provoke similar decisional reactions to those that would occur at a real event. Even if this was achievable a further stage would be necessary in which such learning came to be transferred back into an operational command situation. This thesis explores in a systemic way the design, implementation, testing, modification and re-testing of a critical incident management command simulator whose central tenet was to create an immersive simulation that, by virtue of its high degree of fidelity, was capable of engendering experience of the management of critical incidents for a target population comprising senior police command officers. From tentative beginnings to its operational installation as a fully functional command training simulator, this thesis maps out the key development decisions which were informed by the findings of a series of trials, observations, interviews, surveys and physiological measurements. At the same time, it describes the theoretical models used to explain the relationships between and functionality of the system and its individual components, whilst exploring the dimension of human computer interaction. This is action research in that the findings it generated led to an incremental series of modifications to what became an operational training simulator (named MINERVA) on which useful and transferable command training actually took place.

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Karlsson, Madeleine, et Jonas Nilsson. « Sjuksköterskans upplevelse och hantering av kritiska händelser ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26730.

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Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor riskerar dagligen att hamna i situationer som kan upplevas som kritiska. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var därför att undersöka vilka händelser som sjuksköterskan upplever som kritiska och hur dessa händelser sedan upplevs och hanteras. Heideggers hermeneutiskt inriktade fenomenologi användes som teoretisk referensram i arbetet. Metod: Genom databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Medline hittades 17 artiklar som var av intresse, efter kvalitetsgranskning valdes tio artiklar ut för att redovisas i arbetet. Resultat: Händelser som sjuksköterskan bland annat ansåg som kritiska var händelser som involverade barn, allvarligt skadade personer samt akuta händelser som kunde vara andnings- eller hjärtstopp. Upplevelsen av en sådan händelse var varierande, den kunde vara ledsam, sjuksköterskan kunde känna stor osäkerhet och gav en stark trötthet. För att hantera en sådan känsla tog sjuksköterskan till olika tekniker för att hantera situationen. Ett sätt för att minska ångesten var att skämta och använda humor, ett annat sätt var att söka stöd hos sina arbetskamrater. Samtidigt var det också viktigt att det fanns ett formellt stöd inom organisationen som sjuksköterskan kunde ta hjälp av ifall händelsen blev allt för övermäktig. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan skall vara medveten om att kritiska händelser kan leda till allvarliga stressreaktioner och vara uppmärksam på ifall tecken på utbrändhet visas.
Background: Nurses risk every day to get into situations that could be perceived as critical. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to investigate the events, which the nurse feels are critical and how these events since perceived and handled. Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology was used as a focused theoretical framework of the work. Methods: The PubMed, CINAHL and Medline found 17 articles that were of interest, after the quality review was ten articles out for recognition at work. Results: Events that nurses in particular felt that was critical incidents involving children, serious injuries and emergencies that could be respiratory or cardiac arrest. The experience of such an event were varied, it could be tedious, the nurse could feel great uncertainty and gave a strong fatigue. To deal with such a sense took the nurse to the different techniques to handle the situation. One way to reduce the anxiety was making jokes and using humour, another way was to seek support from their colleagues. Meanwhile it was also important that there was a formal support of the organization that the nurse was able to enlist the help of whether the incident was too overpowering. Conclusion: The nurse must be aware that critical incidents can lead to severe stress reactions and be aware of if signs of burnout appear.

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Weuste, Micheal B. « Critical incident stress and debriefing of child welfare workers ». Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2005. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/weuste_2005.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2005.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

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Beaton, Deborah, et University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. « Long-term implications of critical incident stress among emergency responders ». Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/201.

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Critical Incident Stress has the potential to affect emergency services personnel to the degree that it can change the way the responder acts and reacts in all facets of his or her life, including the job and his or her family. Research into these potential effects has produced a greater understanding of the responders experiences within a short period of time after the perceived critical incident. This study investigates the long-term effects of critical incident stress among emergency responders from two cities in the three emergency services professions were interviewed to determine what their experiences were at least six months post critical incident. A structured incident had in three areas of teh emergency responders lives: impact on job, impact on the individual responder, and perceived impact on emergency responders families. For particpants, symptoms of Critical Incident Stress lasted between 6 months and 2 years after the perceived critical incident. Analysis of the data indicatees that single responder critical incidents have the potential to negatively affect emergency responders resulting in the loss of enthusiasm and passion for their work, debilitating psychological distress, and isolation from valued support systems. Long-term effects of Critical Incident Stress change the perceptions that responders have about the job, about themselves, and the relationships with their families. The culture of emergency services, changing identities, and the lack of support from both within the system and outside of the system were seen as variables that contribute to the long-term effects of Critical Incident Stress.
xi, 181 leaves ; 29 cm.

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Schuster, Fay. « An exploratory study of critical incident stress in emergency nurses ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30556.pdf.

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Pender, Debra A. « Critical incident stress debriefing : an examination of effectiveness in group processes / ». Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1147185271&sid=20&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2006.
"Department of Educational Psychology and Special Education." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-132). Also available online.

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Khader, A. Majeed. « The Big Five personality framework and critical incident management policing ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487420.

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Despite recognition that personality matters in work perfonnance, there is little research examining the relationships between Big Five traits (Costa & McCrae, 1992) and police critical incident management (ClM). To address this, research was undertaken to examine several questions: a) what are the types of critical incidents in policing?, b) which personal qualities are needed for effective police ClM?, c) do ClM police have different personalities from patrol police?, d) what is the relationship between personality domains, facets and police ClM perfonnance?, and e) what is the relationship between coping arid ClM perfonnance? Four groups totalling 189 Singaporean police officers, comprising 'Negotiators' (CNG) (n=34); 'Peacekeepers' (PKG) (n=43); 'Riot Troopers' (RTG) (n=49) and 'SpeCial Tactics' (STG) (n=63) participated in this research. Personality was measured using the NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1985) and coping was measured using COPE (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989). To address (a), a literature review was undertaken that revealed 3 types of critical incidents (CI): 'person-focusr', 'event-focused' and 'major' incidents. The police have strategies to deal with each, but' each has the potential to 'snowball' if not mitigated; and CI managers playa role to prevent this snowballing. To address (b), a job/work analysis was undertaken using the Job Competency Questionnaire (Chong, 1997) surveyed on 242 police officers, and the critical incident technique with 10 police CIM subject matter experts. Using grounded theory and factor analysis, results showed that 'Leadership, Command and Results-Orientation', 'Team Influence, Management and Preparation', 'Personal Mastery and Self Control', 'Problem Solving, Judgement and Decision Making Skills' and 'Other Skills' were important for effective CIM. To address (c), first, each ClM group was compared with a nonnative patrol police group (n=47). Using One-Way ANOVA, it was noted that the patrol group had higher Neuroticism scores than the PKG, STG and CNG. CNG were J;Ilore open than the PKG. When facets were compared, many inter-group differences were noted especially for Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness facets. Second, since the interest ofthis research was on CIM groups as a whole, CIM groups were amalgamated into a larger data set (n=155) and compared against patrol police. Mean differences were noted for facets but not domains. CIM police were more gregarious, active, behaviourally experimenting, open in their values and compliant compared to patrol police. The patrol police were warm, excitable, open to ideas, altruistic, tender-minded and orderly compared to the CIM police. Question (d) was answered in 3 ways. First, for each individual CIM group, results of correlation analyses showed that better peacekeepers had high Agreeableness and high Conscientiousness; better special tactics officers had high Extraversion, moderate Openness and high Conscientiousness; better negotiators had low Neuroticism; and better riot troopers had high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness. Second, for a subset ofthe amalgamated data (n=96), results showed that Neuroticism as a domain, and facets Nl (Anxiety), N2 (Anger Hostility). N5 (Impulsiveness), E2 (Gregariousness), 01 (Fantasy) and C3 (Dutifulness) were related to peer ratings of leadership and teamwork. Follow-up regression analyses showed that all Big Five domains regressed on peer ratings of leadership with a value ofR=.25, p<.05, while Nl, N2, N5, E2 and 01 regressed on peer ratings of leadership revealing a Multiple R of R=.34, p<.05. Domains regressed on ( . teamwork were not significant, although facets E2 and C3 yielded a Multiple R ofR=.26, p<.05 on the same criterion. Third, when consistent predictor-criterion relationships (i.e. noted in at least 3 groups) were looked for, results showed that Low NI (Anxiety) and N2 (Anger Hostility); High EI (Warmth), E2 (Gregariousness), and E4 (Activity); High 02 (Aesthetics); High Al (Trust); and High CI (Competence) C2 (Order), C3 (Dutiful), and C4 (Achievement Striving) were consistently related to criteria. No domain was related to criteria. To address (e), correlations between the COPE and CIM performance showed that many COPE scales were related to criteria for each individual CIM group. However, only Positive Reinterpretation and Suppression of Competing Activities were consistently related to criteria (i.e. noted for 3 CIM groups). Many theoretically consistent personalityto- coping relationships were noted. The findings of this research were theoretically consistent with the personality literature, suggesting that the Big Five mattered in CIM policing contexts, and that narrower facets can add incremental value over and above broad personality domains. This thesis concludes with recommendations being made for research, and industrial practice in the area ofpolice critical incident management.

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Bergal, Patricia. « The experience of critical incident stress by ICU nurses, a focused ethnography ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ32052.pdf.

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Repasky, Gary R. « Do Organizational and Critical Incident Stress Vary Between Races in Law Enforcement ? » Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1464796461.

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Woods, Ginger Lee. « Post Traumatic Stress Symptoms and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Personnel ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2035.

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EMS personnel were examined for Post Traumatic Stress symptoms and the usefulness of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) using the Los Angeles Symptom Checklist (LASC) and a demographics questionnaire. This study revealed that women in this group show higher PTSD symptoms than male coworkers. Level of Training (LOT) of the EMS provider did not demonstrate a significant difference in whether a provider developed PTSD. EMS personnel receiving debriefing actually suffered greater levels of PTSD than those that did not receive debriefing. And 16% of EMS providers in this study suffered from PTSD, while approximately 20% suffered from partial PTSD or PTSS. The results suggest that there are high levels of PTSD within the EMS community, especially in women. This study also suggests that CISD does not help with PTSD symptoms and may actually worsen them.

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Andersson, Kenneth, et Lipi Jaigirdar. « Coping av emotionell stress efter kritisk incident : : Intervjustudie av intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser ». Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-2254.

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Bakgrund: Intensivvårdsavdelningen är en högteknologisk miljö där kritiskt sjuka patienter vårdas. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskor möts ständigt av situationer där de utsetts för stress. Det kan vara situationer, anhöriga eller identifiering med patienten som ger emotionell stress. Stress som inte hanteras kan ge följdsjukdomar, kvarvarande emotionell påverkan och leda till utbrändhet. Syfte: Att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelser av emotionell stress och copingstrategier efter kritiska incidenter. Metod: Intervjustudie med åtta informanter genomfördes. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes av de transkriberade intervjuerna. Resultat: Anhörigas reaktioner uppfattades som en stor del av den emotionella stressen, även brister i vård och rutiner lämnar minnen kvar efter kritiska incidenter. Kollegialt samtal var det som upplevdes ha bäst copingstrategi mot den emotionella stressen. Avkoppling, distraktion och sociala miljöer var också ett stöd mot emotionella upplevelsen. En önskan om mer utrymme för kollegiala samtal framkom under intervjuerna. Slutsats: Att kunna få och ta utrymmet för att genomföra samtal mellan kollegor skulle vara stöd mot emotionell stressen framkom i föreliggande intervjustudie. Ledningen bör skapa utrymme för att kollegiala samtal kan genomföras då det har uppvisat vara bästa copingstrategin hos intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Det uppdagades att vissa brister fanns i att ledningen inte fick information under obekväm arbetstid och rutiner samt informationskällor behöver förtydligas. Fortsatt forskning: Coping av emotionell stress ger styrkor hos personal att kunna hantera svåra situationer, och gå vidare i arbetet utan kvarvarande påverkan av stressen. Intresse skulle finnas att ta reda på hur andra yrkesgrupper resonerar om coping av emotionell stress i samverkan med intensivvårdssjuksköterskor.
Background: The intensive care unit is a high technology environment were critical ill is treated. Intensive care nurses comes in contact of situation where they may encounter stress. It can be situation, relatives or own identifications that gives emotional stress. Stress that is not cooped with can lead to sickness, persistent emotional effects and lead to burnout. Aim: To describe intensive care nurses experiences of emotional stress and coping strategies after a critical incident. Method: Interview study with eight informants was done. A qualitative content analysis was performed of the transcribed interviews. Results: Relatives reaction is a large part of the emotional stress that was experienced, even flaws in care and routines left memories after critical incidents. Peer to peer talks was the support that had best coping strategies against emotional stress. Relaxation, distraction and social context were also support against the emotional distress. Space, time and place, for peer to peer conversation is a desire among informants. Conclusion: To have and to take the time to perform peer to peer talks is a relief against emotional stress. Management should make it a possibility to conclude these talks as it is the preferred coping strategy. Some indication of flaws in information to management during unsocial hours and a need for routines of information need to be looked over and clarified. Further research: Coping of emotional stress gives resilience with the staff to handle difficult situation and to move forward without any lasting effect of the stress. An interest could be in the future to find out how other professionals reasoning about coping of emotional stress in cooperation with intensive care nurses.

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Arroyo, Jill. « Job safety applying critical incident techniques to job safety for residential restaurant operations / ». Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006arroyoj.pdf.

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Anderson, Lindsey M. « Assessing job relatedness in an in-basket test using the critical incident technique ». Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007andersonl.pdf.

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Minton, Gregory Alan. « Critical-Incident Response : A Study of Training, Management, and Mitigation in North Carolina Sheriffs' Offices ». Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1678.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of training each sheriff's office requires in North Carolina and if that training includes multiagency exercises designed to mitigate a critical-incident response and identify any concerns from those training events. The study also compared departmental strength (number of sworn officers per agency) with county populations and geographic area of the state the agency is located in with the number of hours required annually by each agency. Finally, each agency was asked if it had participated in a multiagency exercise and a multiagency incident and to identify any issues that occurred within that training or response. This research indicated that over half of the sheriffs' offices had completed mandated training beyond what North Carolina requires. Only slight differences between regions of the state (mountains, piedmont, or coastal plain) were detected as well as slight differences within the county populations. However, it was discovered that the size of a sheriff's office did have significance; larger sheriff's offices often required more training than smaller offices. Sheriff's offices that had experienced multiagency exercises and multiagency incidents were more likely to exceed the North Carolina minimum training requirements as well. Finally, respondents who had participated in either a multiagency exercise or a multiagency incident indicated common problems and concerns within those responses. The reoccurring problems and concerns were; communications, training, and organization or combinations of the three.

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Barkouli, Al. « Organizational Leaders’ Experience with Fear-Related Emotions : A Critical Incident Study ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1432137751.

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Fine, Martin. « Applied aspects of trauma assessment : individual psychometric assessment, a critical andragogic approach to training in critical incident debriefing, and a review of the assessment of families and children following potentially traumatic events ». Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312909.

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Halton, David J. « Theories of educational management in practice : an analysis of a critical incident at a College of Higher Education ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31013.

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This thesis describes a case study which was designed to evaluate data derived from an analysis of a critical incident at Nene College of Higher Education. The purpose of the case study is to assess whether there is any evidence derived from the analysis of the data emanating from the critical incident to indicate (1) that some or all theoretical models of educational management existed in practice in a Higher Education Institution (HEI), and (2) that one or more theoretical models of educational management in that HEI may dominate in practice. In addition, the case study results are used to respond to research questions relating to organisational goals and culture as well as the influence of the external and internal environment upon the members of College staff involved in the critical incident. The results are also used to examine the likelihood of particular theoretical models of educational management being more or less dominant at different levels of the College's hierarchy and provides the evidence against which a new comprehensive model integrating five theoretical models of educational management can be evaluated. The thesis concludes that formal, collegial, ambiguity, political and cultural models were in evidence throughout the critical incident, although formal, collegial and cultural models tended to dominate across all organisational hierarchical levels. The external environment played a key contextual role in the process of the incident response, and the clarity of the organisation's goals and the positive subscription to those goals of staff interviewed was significant in overcoming the problems posed by the critical incident. In addition, the results indicated that the College's culture was a powerful factor in determining the manner in which the critical incident was handled. As a consequence, a new comprehensive model of educational management has been developed which included the cultural model as a variable.

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Eriksson, Erik, et Martina Noreliusson. « Upplevelser hos socialsekreterare som arbetar med barn och unga inom myndighetsutövning : - En studie av kritiska incidenter ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64093.

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Abstract Working with child and youth welfare is one of the most difficult challenges a social worker might face in the field of social work. Those who work with child and youth welfare are more exposed to stress and burnout than other comparable human service occupations. Research links the prevalence of stress and burnout to several key variables, such as demographics, working conditions and personality factors. In contrast, even though social workers in this field face many negative work-related problems they report a high job satisfaction. The aim of this study is to examine how uplifting and straining experiences affect social workers, who work with child and youth welfare, through the use of The Critical Incident Technique and interviews. There were many factors that contributed to the social workers experiences of stress, but many ultimately reported a high satisfaction and engagement towards their work. Success with clients and positive client feedback generated engagement, even to the extent that it gave the social workers a sense of affirmation to their career choice. This means that the social workers sense of engagement is closely tied to their clients. They provide a large and important source of engagement, albeit an unstable one. Since positive client results and client feedback cannot be guaranteed nor manipulated, it is not a stable or usable source of engagement. It is therefore imperative to not rely on clients for engagement, but instead search for other alternative that might generate engagement in social workers.

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Whitfield, Kate Christin. « A systemic understanding of leadership : striking the balance between cognitive and interpersonal abilities during critical and major incident management ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533902.

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Su, Shu-Fen. « A study of occupational stress and stress management among critical care nurses in Taiwan using grounded theory ». Thesis, University of Ulster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494409.

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Massad, Nelson Heckman Robert. « Perceived transaction satisfaction with electronic service encounters : a critical incident analysis of product-related services and pure services on the Web ». Related Electronic Resource : Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Kokutensa, Angelica. « Stress and coping strategies among distance working employees during covid-19 : 1. What kind of stressors are perceived among distance working employees associated with their work situation during the covid-19 crisis?2. How do employees cope with stress associated with their work situation during the covid-19 crisis ? » Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55973.

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This study was conducted in order to understand stressful situations and stress coping strategies among employees who were working from home during the covid-19 pandemic. In attempt to bridge this knowledge gap, a critical incident approach was employed. Twelve (12) participants who were working from home were obtained purposively to participate in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted through zoom to collect data. Critical Incident Technique was used during interviews and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. The study revealed stressors which are lack of enough resources, extra work, lack of autonomy, work future uncertainty, stress due to covid-19, lack of help when needed, difficulties to reach colleagues, job inefficient and presence of telework unsuitable jobs. Coping strategies revealed were positive mindset, seeking social support, physical exercises, self-efforts to find solution of telework challenges, working extra hours and not answering calls or emails on purpose. It was recommended that organizations should determine suitable jobs for telework, providing required resources, granting employees working autonomy, as well as establishing a channel which can be used as a means of communication among employees as well as to be used as an inspiration and encouragement channel through proving motivational adds to help employees to relive their stressful situations.

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Blay, Karen B. « Resilience in projects : definition, dimensions, antecedents and consequences ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27531.

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Disruptions can cause projects to fail. Within the project management literature, approaches to managing disruptions consist of uncertainty, risk, opportunity, change, and crisis management. These approaches focus on developing strategies to manage perceived threats and also work towards predicting risk, therefore, reducing vulnerability. This vulnerability-reduction only focus is limiting because it takes the focus away from the development of a general capacity for readiness and for responding to uncertain situations. A resiliency approach enables a simultaneous focus on vulnerability reduction, readiness and response and thus ensures recovery. Given the context and discipline specific nature of the resilience concept, and the little or no attention in projects, this thesis conceptualises resilience in projects. This conceptualisation is to enable the identification of factors to consider and indicators to ensure overall project recovery, through the identification of dimensions and antecedents of resilience respectively. The aim of this study therefore, is to develop a framework to conceptualise resilience in projects. To achieve this aim, three case studies, namely; building, civil engineering and engineering construction projects were investigated. Within each case study, the critical incident technique was employed to identify disruptions and their management through direct observations of human activities, narration of critical incidents and review of documents on disruption. Following this, a comparative analysis and synthesis of the case studies was carried out and findings revealed definition, dimensions, antecedents and consequences of resilience in projects. Specifically, resilience in projects is defined as; the capability of a project to respond to, prepare for and reduce the impact of disruption caused by the drifting environment and project complexity. The dimensions of resilience are; proactivity, coping ability, flexibility and persistence. Proactivity can be defined as an anticipatory capability that the project takes to influence their endeavours whilst coping ability can be defined as the capability to manage and deal with stress caused by disruptions within the projects. Furthermore, flexibility can be defined as the capability of a project to manage disruption by allowing change but ultimately making sure that the aim is maintained and persistence is the capability to continue despite difficult situations. Several antecedents of these dimensions of resilience are identified. For proactivity these include contract, training, monitoring, contingency and experience. For coping ability these include the contract, training, contingency and experience. For flexibility these include open-mindedness, planning, continual monitoring and continual identification of ideas and for persistence these include continual monitoring, planning and negotiation. Also, the consequence of resilience in projects is recovery through response, readiness and vulnerability reduction. This conceptualisation of resilience is then synthesised into a validated framework for resilience in projects. Theoretically, this research provides definition, dimensions, antecedents and consequence for resilience in projects and a theoretical starting point for the concept of resilience in projects. The significance of this research to practice is the identification and development of a more holistic perspective of managing disruptions in projects through the identified dimensions, antecedents and consequences. These dimensions, antecedents and consequences provide clarity for the roles of project managers and team members in managing disruptions and thus, expand the eleventh knowledge area; project risk management, of the Project Management Book of Knowledge (PMBOK). In addition, the dimensions, antecedents and consequences of resilience in projects contribute to the curriculum development in project management and thus, provide factors and indicators that project managers require in managing disruptions.

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Van, den Heuvel Claudia. « Inaction in action : how task and team uncertainty "derail" strategic decision making and produce implementation failures in critical and major incident management ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/4393/.

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This thesis adopts the use of various simulation-based training exercises as research platforms for assessing the role of environmental, task, and team uncertainty on critical and major incident decision making. It illustrates that experienced uncertainty in these incidents has a significant detrimental “derailing” effect on strategic decision making. Task uncertainty occurs within critical incidents when decision makers face forced choice binary decisions with equally unattractive outcomes. Team uncertainty occurs due to the large, heterogeneous nature of any emergency response organization, often involving individuals from an array of agencies. The studies showed that these types of uncertainty induced derailments from preferred strategies or courses of action. These derailments were manifest as a variety of implementation failures, including omissions or temporary deferral of crucial actions, a failure to share crucial information with other emergency responders, and failing to coordinate or synchronize actions with those others involved in incident management. These findings are in accordance with the widely adopted definition of uncertainty in naturalistic decision making as “a sense of doubt that blocks or delays action” (Lipshitz & Strauss, 1997, p. 150). Moreover, they contribute to the existing literature by illustrating that errors omission, as opposed to actively committed mistakes, are a prevalent occurrence that may impede “optimal” incident management strategies in various types of high risk, uncertain critical incidents.

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Larson, Wanda J. « Team Member Characteristics Contributing to High Reliability in Emergency Response Teams Managing Critical Incidents ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145418.

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Emergency response team (ERT) member characteristics that contribute to High Reliability performance during patient care resuscitation events or other Critical Incident Management Situations are poorly understood. Findings from this study describe individual characteristics that experienced interprofessional ERT members perceive as contributing to High Reliability performance within the critical incident management context. This study supports the need for interprofessional research about emergency response teams’ High Reliability in hospital-based settings. ERT High Reliability, or “better than expected” team performance has been linked to overall patient care and safety. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe individual team member characteristics that contribute to High Reliability performance of ERT members and the overall emergency response team in a naturalistic setting during Critical Incident Management Situations. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data collection included participant observations, field notes, and interviews. Narrative data were audio-taped, transcribed and coded using Ethnograph v6©. Data content were analyzed thematically using inductive interpretive methods. Two major domains derived from the data were Self-Regulation and Whole-Team Regulation. The overarching theme, Orchestrating High Reliability at the Edge of Chaos, encompassed characteristics contributing to High Reliability performance of the ERT during Critical Incident Management Situations.

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Ng, John Chin Chiong. « Predictors of project success : a Singapore study ». University of Western Australia. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0064.

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In the island-city state of Singapore, growth and development are very much dependent on global trade. Project management is one of the key competencies that organizations and the government seek to develop to stay relevant and plugged-in to the global community. This research attempts to examine the predictors of project success in the Singapore context. This study uses Pinto's Project Implementation Profile (PIP) instrument as a basis and starting point for further study. It seeks to discover and identify critical success factors (CSFs) in Singaporean project environment. The study also aims to validate whether the PIP, which is commonly used in western societies, is also applicable in the Singapore context. A methodology combining Critical Incident Technique (CIT) has been used to identify possible CSFs, which are subsequently rationalized and validated with the CSFs in the PIP. A questionnaire survey (n= 267), involving project management professionals across several key sectors and industries, provided data for quantitative analysis. Multivariate analyses, which include factor analysis and multiple regression, were applied to identify and validate the CSFs that are significant in predicting project success. The results produce a predictive equation involving five CSFs that are significant in predicting project success in the Singapore context. The study generally supports the applicability of Pinto's PIP in Singapore, although with some differences. It is expected that the findings of this study will provide value to future researchers who are keen to further explore the 'elusive' CSFs of project management. The business community is also expected to leverage on the findings of this study to optimize their scarce project management resources in achieving and sustaining business competencies.

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Ruggerio, Christine Marie. « The relationship between stress and coping mechanisms among critical care nurses ». Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845963.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among perceived stress, stressors, and coping mechanisms of nurses in the areas of the intensive care unit, coronary care unit, cardiac recovery unit, and the emergency room. It was proposed that nurses in these areas perceive environmental and job stressors for which they developed specific copingmechanisms. It was further proposed that a relationship exists between levels of stress and coping mechanisms used by nurses.All registered nurses (RN's) and licensed practical nurses (LPN's) in each of the above units at Ball Memorial Hospital who agreed to participate were included in the study. The nurses were surveyed by questionnaires which they completed during their leisure time and placed in a drop box on their unit. No names or signatures were asked for. Informed consent was implied by the completion and return of the questionnaire which included, the Nurse Stress Scale by Gray-Toft & Anderson (1981), a coping mechanism scale by Kelly & Cross (1985), and a demographic questionnaire. Demographic characteristics included age, gender, educational level, marital status, years of experience, and type of nurse (manager or staff and RN or LPN). No risks were foreseen to the participants. However, it is hoped that participants in the study were able to develop a greater awareness of job related stress and coping mechanisms employed.The design of the study was nonexperimental, descriptive, and correlational. The independent variable was work related stress and the dependent varible was coping mechanisms. Pearson's product moment correlation, t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.The results indicated that there were sigificant relationships between five of the stress subscales, and selected coping mechanisms. Total stress was also found to have significant posititve correlations with four of the coping mechanisms. There were no significant differences between RNs and LPNs in general level of stress and in the seven subscales of stressors.
School of Nursing

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Lyman, Kerri. « Relationship Between Post-resuscitation Debriefings and Perceptions of Teamwork in Emergency Department Nurses ». ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7693.

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Emergency department nurses are faced with traumatic patient events while functioning as members of multidisciplinary teams. Critical incident debriefing has been shown to benefit health care professionals and patient clinical outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the use of formal post-resuscitation debriefings and perceptions of teamwork in emergency department nurses. The study also addressed the type and timing of debriefing to determine whether these factors impacted perceptions of teamwork. The nurse as wounded healer theory served as the theoretical framework. Data from the Nursing Teamwork Survey were collected from 68 emergency department nurses from across the United States. Data were analyzed using a statistical correlation coefficient. Results showed that when debriefings were done more frequently, were conducted using a formal debriefing method, and were held immediately after a situation, there was a positive correlation with higher levels of trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental model, and leadership. Findings may be used to increase utilization of debriefings and improve perceptions of teamwork among emergency department nurses, which may improve patient outcomes.

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Lee, Debra A. « The Role of Relationships During Chronic Critical Illness ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1307657748.

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Linder, Niclas, et Ida Tullberg. « Att hjälpa den som hjälper andra : avlastande samtal för ambulanspersonal - en litteraturöversikt ». Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3667.

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Att arbeta inom ambulanssjukvården innebär ökad risk för att utsättas för en så kallad kritisk händelse som kan leda till olika stressreaktioner bland annat ångest, akut stressyndrom (ASD), posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) och depression. Symptom på dessa reaktioner kan innefatta hjärtklappning, sömn - och koncentrationssvårigheter men också empatitrötthet, vilket påverkar vårdpersonalens förmåga att känna empati med sina patienter och förmågan att vårda dessa på bästa sätt. Avlastande samtal är ett psykologiskt stöd som används för ambulanspersonal i dagsläget som ett försök att motverka olika typer av stressreaktioner. Syftet var att beskriva kunskapsläget kring avlastande samtal för ambulanspersonal efter att de utsatts för kritiska händelser. Som metod användes allmän litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats där 15 vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut och som besvarade den här studiens syfte. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed och analyserades med integrerad analys I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier: utveckling och minskade stressreaktioner, avsaknad av avlastande samtal, negativa upplevelser och informellt kamratstöd. Som slutsats kan konstateras att det finns ett behov av ökad kunskap och utbildning kring avlastande samtal och stressreaktioner hos ambulanspersonal som utsatts för en kritisk händelse. Den fortsatta forskningen som behövs bör fokusera på en evidensbaserad modell för avlastande samtal.
To work in the field of ambulance care comes with an increased risk to be exposed to a so-called critical incident which can lead to several stress reactions, including anxiety, acute stressdisorder (ASD), posttraumatic stressyndrome (PTSD) and depression. Symptoms of these reactions can include increased heart rate, sleep- and concentration difficulties but also compassion fatigue, which will affect the nursing staff's ability to feel compassion towards their patients and their ability to care for those patients in the best way possible. Relief calls is a form of psychological support that is used for ambulance personnel nowadays as a way of trying to counteract different types of stress reactions. The aim of this study was to describe the state of knowledge concerning relief calls among ambulance personnel after being exposed to critical incidents. The method used, was a general literature review with an inductive onset where 15 scientific articles were included that gave answer to the aim of this study. The articles were found in the medical databases CINAHL and PubMed and was analysed using an integrated method. The result generated four categories: development and reduced stress reactions, lack of relief calls, negative experiences, informal peer-support. As a conclusion it was found that there is a need for increased knowledge and education concerning relief calls and stress reactions among ambulance personnel that has been exposed to a critical incident. The research needed in the future should focus on finding evidence-based models for relief calls

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Kalakay, Jerrid P. « “JUST” Business and Often Personal : An Exploration Into the Incidents Social Entrepreneurs Identify as Critical to Leading Their Enterprises ». Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1444231980.

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Mahinda, Athuman Juma. « SOIL WATER AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVING SORGHUM PERFORMANCE IN DRYLAND AREAS OF TANZANIA ». Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245848.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第22163号
農博第2377号
新制||農||1074(附属図書館)
学位論文||R2||N5243(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻
(主査)教授舟川晋也, 教授縄田栄治, 准教授真常仁志
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Mberi, Mary-Jane. « Strategic thinking during a period of turbulence : a case study of the BancABC Zimbabwe ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020603.

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A review of strategic thinking literature indicates that research has tended to focus on experiences contributing to strategic thinking, the strategic thinking perspectives that executives are likely to follow based on the environments in which they have developed their strategic competencies, and examining executives’ cognitive maps within the context of strategic management (O’ Shannassy 2003; Kutschera, and Ryan, 2009; Meyer, 2007). As an expansion of these principles and foundations of strategic thinking, this research was a study of the extent to which strategic thinking perspectives are utilised during macro environmental turbulence. According to Cravens et al. (2009: 31) volatility, reinvention, and fundamental changes in markets present unprecedented challenges to researchers and executives. “Unfortunately, too often traditional conceptual models and theories fail to provide adequate insight for coping with this new and rapidly changing business environment. Traditional market perspectives and conceptual logic may even blind researchers and strategic decision makers to the real threats present in the changing competitive landscape and new market space, and to opportunities for added value which can be uncovered and exploited” Cravens et al. (2009: 31). Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe was a major problem from 2003 to April 2009, when the country suspended its own currency and for the next five years the country continued to struggle with various macro environmental challenges. It is this backdrop that makes this research intriguing, where the soundness of any organisation is said to be crucially linked to the soundness of the macro environment, including macroeconomic policies as well as internal governance, market discipline; regulation and supervision (Louw and Venter, 2010). The research was a case study of BancABC Zimbabwe and focused on the period 2009 to 2013. BancABC Zimbabwe is a subsidiary of ABC Holdings Limited which is listed on the Botswana and Zimbabwe stock exchanges (BancABC, 2012). The aim of the study as the first key activity was to explore and describe how the BancABC executives responded to the critical macro environmental incidents identified, at a management or executive team perspective, and secondly, whether the rational reasoning or generative reasoning perspective was dominant during the period of turbulence. The goal is to gain insights of the strategic thinking process followed by executives during a period of macro-environmental turbulence. Literature defines strategic thinking concept as the cognitive process undertaken by executives in relation to problem solving in the business context. Two main perspectives are discussed: Strategic thinking as a science (rational thinking) is the prescriptive, structured nature of strategic thinking; arguments are that it is a less complex perspective for executives to adopt. Strategic thinking as an art (generative thinking) is the perspective that allows the strategist to think outside the box and be more creative about solving strategic problems. The discussion presents how the two perspectives can be used to complement each other and provide a more robust strategic thinking framework. The multi-perspective approach to strategic thinking recommends the right balance between analysis, intuition and creativity can be used to create new frameworks and innovative solutions. The ability to balance these strategic thinking perspectives enables executives to solve strategic problems (Linkov, 1999). The research findings highlighted the effect of time and availability of information on the strategic thinking perspective adopted by executives during times of uncertainty. It was noted that when time and information were available, executives appeared to use the rational strategic thinking perspective, while if there was limited time and information to solve problems the generative thinking perspective was dominantly used. Further the importance of integrative strategic thinking which facilitates the use of both intuition and analysis when solving strategic problems in a turbulent macro environment was also highlighted. The research thesis adopted the structure of a case study, relying on the critical incident technique to create the context of the study; and can be used to explore and discuss strategic thinking for teaching purposes. The results of the study can be recognised as a contribution towards the development of strategic thinking particularly in times of turbulence. It can also form the basis for future studies in the context of strategic thinking.

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Chabalala, Tinyiko Godfrey. « The experiences and perceptions of police members regarding the effectiveness of trauma debriefing within the South African Police Service ». Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182005-110103.

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Young, Michael Ryan. « Mobile Mindfulness : Improving Professional Quality of Life for Critical Care Advanced Practice Providers ». Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1616705080965129.

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Kroupová, Hana. « Metodika asistovaného zhodnocení ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402066.

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The master‘s thesis is focused on security audit. The aim of this thesis is to create methodology, which might help with creating security audits and research current condition of cybernetic and information security in a business establishment. Theoretical part explains basic terms and concepts about cyber and information security. Own interpretation consist description of methodological areas of security audit.

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Grüner, Ann-Kathrin. « Influence of sudden incidents on the brand reputation of a firm and its reaction ». reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19117.

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The automotive industry always has been crisis prone and with the most recent Volkswagen emission incident, this dissertation aims at understanding the effects of a crisis on the brand reputation of the affected firm, measured with 4 different frameworks (namely the RepTrak model, the Interbrand method, Young&Rubicam’s Brand Asset Valuator and Keller’s Customer-based Brand Equity), and its behaviors reacting to it during the course of the crisis. To provide a base for comparison, two case studies about Ford and Volkswagen were considered and contrasted. Examining the companies’ cases, it showed that both enterprises dealt rather similar with the incident faced, proving that the firms did not learn from prior similar incidents occurred to third parties. In determining the adequacy of the initiative actions compared to the theoretically suggested ones, it was found that neither company followed the suggestions made by existing literature and that the companies’ own actions proved rather inadequate, happening with delay, trying to hide the own misdeeds and eventually losing their customers’ trust. Deducing lessons learned for future crisis-affected enterprises, the two cases proved beneficial in confirming the essentiality of speed and timeliness in a crisis situation, the relevance of admitting oneself to the scandal before the media covers it, sincerity and consistency in one’s words and actions, equity in the treatment of affected parties and the importance of regarding the own situational context.
A indústria automobilística sempre foi propensa a crises e com o incidente mais recente da Volkswagen manipulando valores de emissões, esta dissertação se dirige a compreender os efeitos de uma crise na reputação da marca da empresa afetada, medida com quatro modelos diferentes (para ser exato o modelo RepTrak, o método Interbrand, o Brand Asset Valuator de Young&Rubicam e o Customer-based Brand Equity de Keller), e seus comportamentos frente à crise. Para fornecer uma base para comparação, dois estudos de caso sobre Ford e Volkswagen foram considerados e contrastados. Examinando os casos das empresas, exibiu que ambas empresas lidaram com os incidentes encarados de uma forma parecida, provando que nenhum deles aprendeu de incidentes parecidos encarados por terceiros no passado. Determinando a adequação de ações iniciativas comparados com as sugeridas por teorias, constatou-se que ambas as empresas abdicaram das sugestões da literatura vigente e que suas tomadas de ações foram inadequadas, por conta de seu atraso e tentativa de ocultação dos próprios delitos, resultando em perda de confiança de seus clientes. Deduzindo lições para potenciais empresas afetadas de crises no futuro, ambos os estudos se mostraram proveitosos ao ratificar a importância da velocidade e tempestividade em uma situação de crise, a relevância em antecipar à mídia pública em se admitir o escândalo, sinceridade e consistência nas palavras e nas ações, equidade no tratamento de terceiros afetados e a importância de considerar o contexto da situação.

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Santos, Márcia Farias de Oliveira dos. « Incidentes críticos dos processos de medicação em uma unidade neonatal : contribuição para a gerência do cuidado de enfermagem ». Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2014. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1081.

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Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde
Estudo realizado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências do Cuidado em Saúde da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Objeto: os processos de medicação realizados pela equipe de enfermagem da Unidade Neonatal do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto. Objetivos: Descrever os processos de preparo e administração de medicamentos, executados pela equipe de enfermagem da unidade, através da construção de fluxogramas; Analisar por meio de incidentes críticos as situações, comportamentos e consequências, positivos e negativos, identificados nos processos de preparo e administração de medicamentos, a partir do relato da equipe de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, utilizando a Técnica do Incidente Crítico (TIC). Para coleta de dados a proposta foi de realização de entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas com profissionais de enfermagem lotados no cenário do estudo pelo menos desde março de 2012, realizando atividades de assistência direta de enfermagem, sendo esta a amostragem proposital. Foi considerada atingida a saturação dos dados com 39 entrevistas realizadas, sendo 20 com enfermeiros e 19 com técnicos de enfermagem. Para realização das entrevistas contou-se com uma auxiliar de pesquisa. O material foi gravado e posteriormente transcrito. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi lido exaustivamente e pré-analisado nos moldes da TIC tendo como base a separação, nos textos de cada entrevista, dos elementos situação, comportamento e consequência e polaridades positiva e negativa. Por escolha metodológica de unir a análise de conteúdo preconizada por Flanagan àquela descrita por Bardin, os dados foram lançados em quadros, gerando unidades de registro. A seguir foi realizado o agrupamento dos incidentes críticos positivos e negativos em subcategorias, nomeadas por palavras-chave que emergiram dos conteúdos (unidades de significância), Oito categorias foram obtidas, quatro por polaridade: time de medicação, divisão de tarefas, atividades técnicas e atuação da gerência. Leituras das normas e rotinas de medicação da Unidade serviram de base para elaboração de fluxogramas dos processos de trabalho estudados. Como conclusão do estudo foi apresentado que a fluxogramação dos processos indicou a necessidade de reavaliação na divisão de tarefas durante o processos de preparo de medicamentos e necessidade de inclusão de atividades de monitoramento do sistema de medicação. Quanto a análise dos incidentes críticos, as subcategorias de incidentes negativos com mais relatos agrupados foram as denominadas divisão de tarefas e atividades técnicas. Nessas subcategorias os relatos apontaram uma preocupação com a persistência dos erros, com questões éticas e com atividades desenvolvidas em outras fases do sistema de medicação, pontos considerados prioritários nos estudos produzidos na área. Em relação à persistência dos erros, as duas metodologias utilizadas apontam para o mesmo caminho: a necessidade de monitoramento dos eventos adversos e de adoção de estratégias que diminuam a ocorrência e persistência desses eventos. Espera-se que os resultados obtidos e o produto do trabalho possam colaborar com o contínuo desenvolvimento do processo de medicação adotado na Unidade Neonatal, com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas na Instituição e com a melhoria da assistência de enfermagem em geral, já que apresenta metodologias aplicáveis à análise de processos de trabalho em qualquer realidade de cuidado.
This is a research project for the Academic Master’s Degree in the Sciences of Health Care, of the Fluminense Federal University. Object: medication processes executed by the nursing team in the Neonatal Unit of the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto.. Objectives: To describe the process of preparing and administrating the medication, which are performed by the nursing team, byusing flowcharts created to represent this work process. To analyze the situations, behavior and consequences - both positive and negative - identified in the process, based on the reports of the professionals involved. Method: This is a descriptive, qualitative research, using the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) approach. The data was collected through individual, semi-structured, recorded interviews with nursing professionals from the University Hospital. Those workers should be part of the hospital staff at least since march 201, and be involved in activities of direct care, thus being an stratified sample.The data was saturated after interviewing 39 employees: 20 nurses e 19 nurse technicians. A research assistant helped collect the interviews. The data was recorded and later transcribed. The material was then extensively read and preanalyzed following the CIT precepts. ,by separating the following elements: situation, behavior and consequence, and its respective positive and/or negative polarities. It was decided that the methodology of this research would unite the content analysis as it was defined by Flanagan to that of Bardin; this resulted in the creating of data tables from which registration unities were extracted. Afterwards, the positive and negative critical incidents were grouped in subcategories, named after key-words noted from the content of the interviews. Eight categories were obtained, four per polarity: the medication team, task division, implanted technical activities and the actions of the management. The rules and routines of the medication unit served as the base for the elaboration of flowcharts of the studied work processes. The resulting flowchart indicated the need to reevaluate the task division in the process of preparing and administrating the medications, as well as the inclusion of monitoring activities in the medication system. The analysis of the critical incidents showed that the subcategory of negative critical incidents with the most reports were task division and implanted technical activities, in which reports indicated concerns about the persistence of errors, ethical matters and with the activities performed in other stages of the medication process; points that are consistently approached in studies in the field. In relation to error persistence, both of the methodologies applied point out to the same path: the need to monitor the adverse events, and the implementation of strategies to reduce its persistency and occurrences. The author hopes that the results obtained might assist with the continuous development of the medication system adopted by the Neonatal Unit and with the development of researches in the institution, as well as helping improve the nursing assistance in general, since this research works with a methodology which can be applied in the analyzes of work processes in any care-related context.

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Pillay, Krishenthren. « Critical incident stress debriefing in the South African Police Services : trauma debriefers' perceptions ». Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/521.

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The experience of trauma has been the focus of much attention in the media and in academic literature. Many of these studies have explored the experiences of rescue and emergency personnel, including the interventions used to help them deal with these experiences. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is one of many preventative interventions that are used with these traumatized personnel. However, there are many inconsistencies relating to the efficacy of this intervention tool. Research that has investigated this issue has focused mostly on the experiences of the traumatized person/so The current study adopts a different perspective in that it explores the perceptions of practitioners who this method of intervention. The importance of professionals evaluating their tools cannot be overemphasized. These professionals would be in a better position to make suggestions regarding the use of their tool. A qualitative study was conducted that investigated the perceptions of six psychologists employed by South African Police Services (SAPS) the within the Durban and Pietermaritzburg areas (KwaZulu-Natal). These psychologists were trained by the SAPS to conduct trauma-debriefing sessions using the method ofCISD. The results suggested that this method of CISD has value when used as a group intervention with traumatized police officers but due to the continuous exposure to trauma, this method needs to be adapted or changed for police officers. Furthermore, due to continuous use of this method and the fact that it is the only method that is in use by the SAPS to intervene with trauma, many police officers become too familiar with this method and it tends to have less of an impact.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

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Van, Wyk A. A. (Albert Andre). « An impact assessment of a critical incident on the psychosocial functioning and work performance of an employee ». Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29042.

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My purpose with the envisaged study was to determine the effect a critical incident have on employees and how their functioning, psychosocially and at work is affected. Furthermore the goal was to determine if the employees who was affected by a critical incident was exposed to Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) intervention, and if so did it have an impact on their functioning ( Psychosocial and work performance). An extended literature study was conducted to comprehend the meaning of trauma, the different facets of trauma, how it can impact on an emotional, physical, cognitive and behavioural level. The literature study further focused on the impact of a critical incident on the work performance and family life of the employee. Attention was given to the models in CISM intervention, the role of Employee assistance programs as well as the perceived outcomes of interventions the respondents were exposed to. In the study, data was collected in a qualitative as well as a quantitative manner. In the quantitative study two questionnaires were used as tool to collect information. In the qualitative study the researcher used clinical case notes as part of the document analysis as well as a semi structured interview with both the employee as well as the manager as data sources. Respondents (therapists) were selected according to the probability sampling procedure for the quantitative study and respondents volunteered to participate in the qualitative study after participating in the quantitative study. Participation in the study was voluntary and the participation rate in the quantitative study was 67.5% and in the qualitative study 22.22% It was evident from the study that employees were affected by a variety of critical incidents divergent in severity, circumstances and duration. The impact on each individual was unique and responses ranged in terms of severity. It was evident from the study that employees were affected by the critical incident and subsequently their work performance and psychosocial functioning was affected. The study managed to provide sufficient evidence on the impact of the critical incident on the psychosocial functioning and work performance of the employee. The research proved that individual counselling is effective in working through the incident and improving the psychosocial functioning and work performance significantly. The study also proved that intervention in the form of defusing, debriefing, individual counselling and aftercare is effective in addressing employees' reactions, supporting them to recover emotionally from the critical incident and improving their psychosocial functioning and subsequently their work performance. Conclusions and recommendations were made in terms of the empirical findings. The researcher hope that these conclusions and recommendations will be of value and contribute to the study field of CISM and EAP and have a positive impact on employees exposed to critical incidents and their recovery process.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted

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Tshabalala, Matita Petrus. « Occupational stress and coping resources in air traffic control ». Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6067.

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The aim of this study was to investigate how air traffic controllers cope with stress and also to determine whether there were statistically significant differences in the coping behaviour of air traffic control staff from different groups. The study was conducted on a sample of Air Traffic Controllers who control civilian aircraft in the South African airspace. The coping resources inventory (CRI) assessment was used to collect data and analysed to determine how controllers cope with stress and whether there are differences in the coping behaviour of air traffic control staff from different groups. The results showed that air traffic controllers use emotional coping resources to cope with stressful work situations and make less use of cognitive coping resources. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the coping behaviour of air traffic control staff from different groups.
Industrial and organisational psychology
M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

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Malý, Martin. « Zavádění systému psychosociální intervenční služby pro pracovníky zdravotnické záchranné služby ». Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-304406.

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This thesis deals with the implementation of the Psychosocial Intervention Service System within the environment of the emergency medical services. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze and identify the problems and causes hindering the implementation of the Psychosocial Intervention Service System. In addition, the thesis analyzes the attitudes, intentions and responsibilities of the parties directly involved in the implementation or affected by this policy, and to identify the applied public policy instruments by which the implementation is realized. The first section focuses on a brief theoretical introduction that deals with the institutional theory, the implementation process and the outlining of the content of the Psychosocial Intervention Service System, which includes stressful situations, their negative effects, psychosocial interventional care and the theory of Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) as one of the possible methods used to eliminate the negative effects of stress and traumata. The main analytical and research part of this thesis attempts at answering the questions related to the thesis objective, i.e. what factors affect the implementation, what framework applies to the implementation of the project, what interactions take place among the individual parties...

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Gumani, Andronica Masefako. « A grounded theory of critical incidents impact management among SAPS officers in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/9292.

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A study was conducted to describe and interpret the personal strategies that South African Police Service officers in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, use in their line of work. These are strategies to deal with the impact of the primary victims’ critical incidents of rape, domestic violence, murder and road accidents. The focus was on describing the impact of the critical incidents that the officers are exposed to, which manifest in a form of traumatic stress, namely, vicarious traumatisation, and management of this impact. Twenty participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling techniques from the family violence, child protection and sexual offences, domestic violence, field training, detective and social crime prevention units. Unstructured open-ended interviews, diaries and follow-up telephone interviews were used as data collection methods and data were collected in the participants’ home languages, Tshivenda and Xitsonga. Data gathered necessitated looking into both the aspects of the officers’ organisational and operational work. Data were thus analysed through the content thematic and constant comparative data analysis methods. The results first presented a profile of police vicarious traumatisation in the Vhembe District, which include the types of critical incidents exposed to, the organisational and operational stressors that lead to vicarious traumatisation, and the description of vicarious traumatisation symptoms. Second, a theoretical framework of the process of police critical incidents impact management (PCIIM) was developed. The framework shows that the management of the impact of the encountered incidents is inspired by various coping needs and subcultures of the officers, and the management takes place through the use of two styles of trauma management, namely, the linear and multilateral styles, which refer to application of coping strategies successively and the combination of horizontal and vertical application of coping strategies, respectively. The coping strategies used by the officers help them to have an objective understanding of the critical incidents encountered, have less severe symptoms of vicarious traumatisation, some symptoms last for shorter periods than before, and other symptoms are no longer experienced. Resilience to the encountered incidents is shown through the development of coping strategies to handle the incidents, facing them, and showing cognitive hardiness. The officers also manage to reflect on the experiences encountered, engage in narratives about them and mutual help thus still working towards attaining posttraumatic growth.
Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

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Van, den Heever Coenraad Willem. « Evaluating the multiple stressor intervention of the South-African Police Service as a trauma management tool ». Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13853.

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This study examined the validity of the South African Police Service (SAPS) multiple stressor intervention. The multiple stressor was developed for members of their specialised units to address Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, the SAPS multiple stressor intervention lacks scientific evidence to support its possible effectiveness in addressing PTSD. In the current study a deployment and intervention group was compared which employed a pre- test post-test design. The Davidson Trauma Scale and the Revised Impact of Event Scale measured PTSD globally, but also the PTSD dimensions of Intrusion, Avoidance/Numbing, and Hyperarousal. The Wilcoxon signed rank test results indicated that the intervention and deployment was both effective in addressing PTSD although the intervention group revealed the greatest improvement in their overall PTSD scores. The intervention group made significant progress in dealing with all three PTSD symptoms while the deployment group made less progress with their Intrusion and Avoidance/Numbing symptoms, but made significant progress with their Hyperarousal symptoms. The Mann-Whitney u test revealed no significant differences between the post intervention test scores of the two groups, either globally or on the three PTSD dimensions. It appears that deployment was just as effective as the multiple stressor intervention in addressing PTSD.
Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)

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HLUŠKO, Oldřich. « Analýza metod posttraumatické krizové intervence ». Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51929.

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In my thesis, I postulated the target to map the methods and procedures applied by the CR Police, Regional Police Headquarters of the South-Bohemian Region within the primary, secondary as well as tertiary prevention of posttraumatic reactions and disorder. A partial target of the thesis is finding out the rate of the satisfaction with availability of intervention care for policemen and employees of the Regional Police Headquarters of the South-Bohemian Region, finding out the rate of the awareness, usability and satisfaction with the care of the posttraumatic intervention team in the South-Bohemian Region, awareness of the service Help Line in crisis and its usability. Moreover I postulated the goal to map the interest in the possible internet helpline in the scope of IZS with elaboration of SWOD analysis. Everybody, also policemen may suffer from stress reaction. Also they can have the psychical and physical signs of an acute stress reaction. They perform the most of service acts, interventions in a routine way, however, besides this, also situations occur, differing from the normal life experience and policemen get in this way very often into the stress situations, which can arouse deep mental turbulences. The impact of feelings on the mental state in case of extreme experiences is a normal human reaction in a not normal situation. At present, each policeman has the possibility to ask for help a team of specially trained experts, the team of posttraumatic intervention care. In the team, not only psychologists are working, but also experienced policemen, experts of the branch of the Ministry of Interior and the priests prepared to help with their experience, erudition and knowledge acquired by a special training. Since 2001 the impacted person may call the anonymous Crisis Help Line, which is a supporting part of the posttraumatic intervention care for the policemen, firemen, employees of the branch of the Ministry of Interior and their family members. The crisis help line is also at disposal to the public in case of extraordinary events and crisis situations. For this reason, this thesis treats the methods of posttraumatic intervention care, awareness, usability, satisfaction and trust in these branch offices of the CR Police.

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Kim, Jin Ki. « Three essays on critical incident management systems ». 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251902651&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2007.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 03, 2007) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Rao, H. Raghav, Sharman, Raj. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Critical incident stress management »

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