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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Customary international humanitarian law »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

JIA, Bing Bing. "Customary International Humanitarian Law." Chinese Journal of International Law 4, no. 2 (2005): 739–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chinesejil/jmi034.

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Fleck, Dieter. "CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW." Military Law and the Law of War Review 44, no. 1-2 (2005): 244–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2005.1-2.11.

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Henckaerts, J. "International humanitarian law as customary international law." Refugee Survey Quarterly 21, no. 3 (2002): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/21.3.186.

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Szpak, Agnieszka. "The Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission and Customary International Humanitarian Law." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 4, no. 2 (2013): 296–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00402004.

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The aim of the article is to highlight several issues concerning the customary international law status of a number of international humanitarian law (IHL) treaty provisions that arose during the proceedings of the Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims Commission. Specifically, two key issues will be analyzed, namely the Commission's findings that the Geneva Conventions and some provisions of Additional Protocol I reflected customary international law and that international landmine conventions create only treaty obligations and do not yet reflect customary international law. Also, some more detailed conclu

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Abu Alwafa, ,. Ahmed. "Current Value of Customary International Humanitarian Law." المجلة المصرية للقانون الدولى 63, no. 63 (2007): 336–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejil.2007.301452.

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Elisabeth, Elisabeth. "Rejecting Customary Regression: Unilateral Humanitarian Intervention & the Evolution of Customary International Law." Michigan Journal of International Law, no. 43.1 (2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.36642/mjil.43.1.rejecting.

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Humanitarian intervention is perhaps one of the most important topics in international affairs. It raises questions of morality and militarism, becoming a platform for sharp debate in international law. This note discusses both the moral and legal questions presented by unilateral humanitarian intervention (“UHI”). It argues that UHI is antithetical to the progression of customary international law due to customary international law’s evolutive nature and the ongoing importance of decolonization. UHI is not only normatively undesirable, but the particular normative criticisms of the doctrine –

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Meron, Theodor. "Revival of Customary Humanitarian Law." American Journal of International Law 99, no. 4 (2005): 817–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3396670.

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Jaffal, Zeyad. "The Role of International Organizations in Shaping Customary International Law: An Analytical Study of the 2018 ILC’s Draft Conclusions." American Journal of Society and Law 3, no. 1 (2024): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajsl.v3i1.2478.

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This research explores the influence and impact of international organisations on the development and formation of customary international law. It specifically examines the 2018 Draft Conclusions issued by the International Law Commission (ILC). This paper has observed the implications of these findings on the evolution of peremptory norms, also known as jus cogens, and clarifies the scientific approaches used in their identification and legal consequences. Moreover, it emphasises alternative methodologies within the realm of humanitarian action in influencing customary international law. Rese

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Barber, Rebecca. "Facilitating humanitarian assistance in international humanitarian and human rights law." International Review of the Red Cross 91, no. 874 (2009): 371–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383109990154.

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AbstractIn 2008, 260 humanitarian aid workers were killed or injured in violent attacks. Such attacks and other restrictions substantially limit the ability of humanitarian aid agencies to provide assistance to those in need, meaning that millions of people around the world are denied the basic food, water, shelter and sanitation necessary for survival. Using the humanitarian crises in Darfur and Somalia as examples, this paper considers the legal obligation of state and non-state actors to consent to and facilitate humanitarian assistance. It is shown that the Geneva Conventions and their Add

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Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. "Customary International Humanitarian Law: Taking Stock of the ICRC Study." Nordic Journal of International Law 78, no. 4 (2009): 435–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/090273509x12506922106795.

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AbstractAlthough the 1949 Geneva Conventions have now been universally ratified, the same is not the case for other treaties of international humanitarian law. As a result, customary international humanitarian law continues to be relevant today. This was clearly recognized in 1995 when States party to the Geneva Conventions mandated the ICRC to carry out a study on customary rules of international humanitarian law applicable in international and non-international armed conflicts. This study was published in 2005 after widespread research and consultations. This article takes stock of the impac

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MacLaren, Malcolm, and Felix Schwendimann. "An Exercise in the Development of International Law: The New ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law." German Law Journal 6, no. 9 (2005): 1217–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200014267.

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On 17 March 2005, the President of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Jakob Kellenberger, presented a study (hereinafter “the Study”) of customary international humanitarian law (IHL). A decade earlier, the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent had mandated the ICRC to “prepare […] a report on customary rules of IHL applicable in international [IAC] and non-international armed conflicts [NIAC], and to circulate the report to States and competent international bodies.” The Study's objective was to capture a “photograph” of the existing, hitherto unwritten

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Orakhelashvili, A. "Perspectives on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law and The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law." British Yearbook of International Law 79, no. 1 (2009): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bybil/79.1.371.

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Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. "Customary International Humanitarian Law: a response to US comments." International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 866 (2007): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383107001129.

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Henckaerts, J. M. "Customary International Humanitarian Law--A Rejoinder to Judge Aldrich." British Yearbook of International Law 76, no. 1 (2006): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bybil/76.1.525.

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Nejbir, Deniz Arbet. "Applying Humanitarian Law: A Review of the Legal Status of the Turkey–Kurdistan Workers’ Party (pkk) Conflict." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 12, no. 1 (2021): 37–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-bja10026.

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Abstract This article assesses the applicability of the criteria for non-international armed conflict to the situation in South-Eastern Turkey. It demonstrates that the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (also known as the pkk), as a party to the conflict, fulfils the three main criteria laid down in conventional international humanitarian law and developed by indicative factors in international jurisprudence for assessing the existence of a non-international armed conflict in the context of Common Article 3 to the 1949 Geneva Conventions: being an organised armed group, having the ability to engage in

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Reydams, Luc. "A la guerre comme à la guerre: patterns of armed conflict, humanitarian law responses and new challenges." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 864 (2006): 729–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638310700080x.

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AbstractContinuous transformation of armed conflict since the adoption in 1864 of the first international humanitarian law treaty compels international humanitarian law to adapt accordingly. These adaptations, through either customary law or new multilateral treaties, always have been towards greater protection, greater reach. As for treaty practice, international humanitarian law historically has been substantially revised every twenty-five to thirty years. This article links those revisions to specific conflicts which laid bare deficiencies in the existing law. What follows is thus a chronic

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Emanuelli, Claude C. "Comments on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 44 (2007): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800009085.

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SummaryThis comment takes a critical look at the method used by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in its study of customary humanitarian law. It argues that the ICRC study reduces the concept of international custom to its definition under Article 38 of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. It also argues that the study overlooks some of the problems raised by the application of Article 38. It contends that the positions taken by the ICRC to identify customary rules of humanitarian law are somewhat ambiguous and even slanted. Finally, this comment suggests that,

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Guldahl, Camilla. "The Role of Persistent Objection in International Humanitarian Law." Nordic Journal of International Law 77, no. 1-2 (2008): 51–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/090273508x290690.

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AbstractThe publication of the ICRC Customary International Humanitarian Law encouraged a debate on the role of the doctrine of persistent objection in international humanitarian law. After setting out the background and meaning of this doctrine, this article will use the examples of belligerent reprisals against civilians and the protection of the environment in light of the use of nuclear weapons to show that although persistent objection is relied upon in international humanitarian law, the dictates of the principles of humanity and public conscience mean that it is less accepted and respec

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Arevalo-Ramírez, Walter. "The International Court of Justice and the international humanitarian law rules for armed conflicts." Revista Científica General José María Córdova 20, no. 38 (2022): 425–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21830/19006586.912.

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This article analyzes the undermined importance of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) case law in interpreting international humanitarian law (IHL) and its relationship with public international law. It examines how the ICJ has elevated IHL to customary law, declaring it “intransgressible” and equating it with jus cogens, and identified particular obligations for the parties in conflict. The article studies how the Court has clarified the relationships between customary IHL with the law of treaties and has declared which elements of IHL constitute the most basic principles of humanity,

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Sivakumaran, Sandesh. "Binding Armed Opposition Groups." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 55, no. 2 (2006): 369–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei085.

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AbstractThis article considers how armed opposition groups fighting in an internal armed conflict are bound by the rules of international humanitarian law despite not being party to the relevant treaties. It assesses a number of explanations—customary international law, general principles of international humanitarian law, rules governing treaties and third parties and claims to succession—and argues that each has limited value. The ability of the state to legislate on behalf of all its individuals is considered the best explanation. This principle is explored and objections to it are countere

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Turns, D. "Weapons in the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 11, no. 2 (2006): 201–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krl010.

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Bothe, Michael. "CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE ICRC STUDY." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 8 (December 2005): 143–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135905001431.

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Bollmann, Janina. "Perspectives on the ICRC Study on Customary International Humanitarian Law." Military Law and the Law of War Review 47, no. 2 (2008): 501–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/mllwr.2008.02.17.

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Rowe, P. "The Effect on National Law of the Customary International Humanitarian Law Study." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 11, no. 2 (2006): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krl009.

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Kleczkowska, Agata. "Searching for Armed Non-state Actors’ Role in the Process of Formation of Customary Law." International and Comparative Law Review 19, no. 2 (2019): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2019-0016.

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Summary The paper explores the problem of the formation of the ‘(quasi-) customary law’, as a source of law created by, or contributed to by armed non-state actors (ANSAs). It argues that, despite some views presented in the doctrine of international law, claims of a quasi-customary international law are without foundation in the current state of international law. The paper is divided into three parts. The first part presents the views of legal doctrine concerning the customary law as contributed/created by non-state actors. The second section argues that ANSAs do not form practice and opinio

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Schweigman, David. "Humanitarian Intervention under International Law: the Strife for Humanity." Leiden Journal of International Law 6, no. 1 (1993): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001655.

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Is the concept of humanitarian intervention part and parcel of customary law? In order to answer this question the or gins of the concept, (alleged) pre- and post-Charter state practice and the relation with the principles of non-interference in the domestic jurisdiction and the non-use of force will be considered. It will be concluded that the aforementioned question must be answered in the negative, notwithstanding the fact that genuine humanitarian interventions tend to be tolerated by the international community.

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Díaz Galán, Elena C., and Harold Bertot Triana. "La protección de los derechos humanos en la justicia penal internacional: el caso particular del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex-Yugoslavia en relación con el derecho consuetudinario y el principio de legalidad = The protection of human rights in international Criminal Justice: the particular case of the international criminal tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in relation to customary law and the principle of legality." UNIVERSITAS. Revista de Filosofía, Derecho y Política, no. 29 (December 13, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/universitas.2019.4510.

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RESUMEN: La labor del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex-Yugoslavia tuvo un momento importante en la compresión del principio de legalidad, como principio básico en la garantía de los derechos humanos, al enfrentar no sólo el derecho consuetudinario como fuente de derecho sino también diferentes modos o enfoques en la identificación de este derecho consuetudinario. Esta relación debe ser analizada a la luz de las limitaciones que tiene el derecho internacional y, sobre todo, de los procedimientos de creación de normas. No resulta fácil exigir responsabilidad en el cumplimiento del derecho

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Pomson, Ori, and Yonatan Horowitz. "Humanitarian Intervention and the Clean Hands Doctrine in International Law." Israel Law Review 48, no. 2 (2015): 219–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223715000096.

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A serious issue that has confronted the international community is the legality of humanitarian intervention. Although the majority of scholars reject the existence of a doctrine of humanitarian intervention, could the attacked state invoke the responsibility of an intervening state before an international tribunal? This article attempts to answer this question in light of the often misunderstood clean hands doctrine in international law. It first concludes that under thelex lata, humanitarian intervention is prohibited under international law. This raises the question whether the clean hands

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Dutli, María Teresa. "Implementation of international humanitarian law — Activities of qualified personnel in peacetime." International Review of the Red Cross 33, no. 292 (1993): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400071369.

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Ever since international humanitarian law (IHL) was first codified the States, as contracting parties, have undertaken to adopt every measure necessary to implement their obligations under the relevant treaties. The duty to ensure implementation derives from the customary rule whereby the parties to a treaty must carry out its provisions in good faith. In addition, the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 set forth special means of implementation which strengthen and specify this customary rule and apply from the moment a treaty enters into force. One such provisio

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Bazov, Viktor. "Issues of the theory of international humanitarian law in the context of integration and globalization." Legal Ukraine, no. 11 (December 23, 2020): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-11(215)-5.

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The article discusses topical issues of the formation and further development of the theory of international humanitarian law. Explored the basic concepts of this area of humanitarian public law. For the first time, international humanitarian law is defined as a set of conventional and customary international legal norms that govern the law of armed conflict and human rights law. The processes of globalization of modern international relations, characterized by increasing influence of leading international organizations and crises in individual states, objectively affect the renewal and furthe

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Casalin, Deborah. "Taking prisoners: reviewing the international humanitarian law grounds for deprivation of liberty by armed opposition groups." International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 883 (2011): 743–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311200015x.

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AbstractWhile detention by armed opposition groups in non-international armed conflict is a reality that is foreseen and not prohibited by international humanitarian law, the grounds upon which it may take place are not defined. This article looks more closely at the customary international humanitarian law prohibition on arbitrary deprivation of liberty, and how it can apply to armed opposition groups in a manner that makes compliance realistic. It focuses on the legal bases upon which armed opposition groups may detain persons who are taken into custody in order to remove them from hostiliti

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Warbrick, Colin. "Human rights and humanitarian norms as customary law." International Affairs 67, no. 1 (1991): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621244.

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BRANNAGAN, CRAIG, and CHRISTOPHER WATERS. "ICRC Privilege in Canada." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 53 (August 10, 2016): 144–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cyl.2016.1.

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AbstractThis article explores whether the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) enjoys testimonial privilege before Canadian courts. The authors argue that there is strong evidence to suggest that customary international law requires that the ICRC be granted a privilege not to testify or disclose confidential information in domestic court proceedings. Such a privilege, they argue, is entailed by the ICRC’s mandate to engage in international humanitarian law protection activities using confidential means. Given that customary international law forms part of the common law in Canada, t

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Buchan, Russell. "The Rule of Surrender in International Humanitarian Law." Israel Law Review 51, no. 1 (2018): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223717000279.

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Under international humanitarian law it is prohibited to make the object of attack a person who has surrendered. This article explores the circumstances in which the act of surrender is effective under international humanitarian law and examines, in particular, how surrender can be achieved in practical terms during land warfare in the context of international and non-international armed conflict. First, the article situates surrender within its broader historical and theoretical setting, tracing its legal development as a rule of conventional and customary international humanitarian law and a

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Sitnikov, K. A. "The memorial function of law on the example of international humanitarian law." Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 14, no. 6 (2025): 20–30. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2024-14-6-20-30.

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Relevance. The theory of the functions of law at the present stage of the development of domestic jurisprudence occupies one of the leading places in the general theory of law. Despite the sufficient elaboration of the relevant section, the gradual transformations of public relations, the increment of new knowledge in related fields of knowledge require further scientific research. Thus, in accordance with the author's concepts, one of the significant places in the system of social functions of law is occupied by the memorial function. The presented problems deserve special attention in the co

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Alvarez-Jiménez, Alberto. "METHODS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE'S JURISPRUDENCE: 2000–2009." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 60, no. 3 (2011): 681–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000273.

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‘Sometimes the most important historical events are the non-events: the things that did not occur,’ says the British historian Niall Ferguson.1Such a statement may well describe in large measure the International Court of Justice's case-law regarding the methods for the identification of rules of customary international law during the period 2000–2009. The previous two decades had been marked by two milestones in this domain: the eighties by the judgment on the merits inNicaragua,2and the nineties by the Court's advisory opinion inNuclear Weapons.3There was, though, no single decision by the C

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Benoit, James P. "MISTREATMENT OF THE WOUNDED, SICK AND SHIPWRECKED BY THE ICRC STUDY ON CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 11 (December 2008): 175–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138913590800175x.

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AbstractIn 2005, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) completed a ten-year study on customary international humanitarian law, based on an assessment of the State practice of over 150 nations over the preceding thirty years. Somewhat surprisingly, but perhaps owing to the sheer size of theICRC Study, only two states have officially responded to the ICRC: the United States and Israel. Although an analysis of the US response is beyond the scope of this paper, it generally criticizes theICRC Study'sunorthodox methodology, including both the State practice it considered, and its lack

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Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. "Study on customary rules of international humanitarian law: Purpose, coverage and methodology." International Review of the Red Cross 81, no. 835 (1999): 660–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s156077550005985x.

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In December 1995 the 26th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent endorsed the recommendations drawn up by the Intergovernmental Group of Experts for the Protection for War Victims which had met, at the invitation of the Swiss government, on 23–27 January 1995 in Geneva. Recommendation II of this Group proposed that: “the ICRC be invited to prepare, with the assistance of experts in IHL [international humanitarian law] representing various geographical regions and different legal systems, and in consultation with experts from governments and international organisations, a re

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de Vries, Barry. "An Equivalent to Article 8(2)(b)(xx) icc Statute for Non-International Armed Conflicts? Is it Warranted on the Basis of International Customary Law?" International Criminal Law Review 21, no. 3 (2021): 561–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10071.

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Abstract The Rome Statute has often been criticized for not following international customary law, with calls to more closely resemble this being relatively frequent. This is especially the case in the distinction made between international and non-international armed conflicts and the significant fewer war crimes applicable to non-international armed conflicts. One of the most apparent differences is in the lack of a provision criminalizing the employment of weapons that go against the general principles of weapons law in humanitarian law. This article seeks to address this critique by determ

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Kratochvíl, Jan. "Humanitární intervence v současném mezinárodním právu." AUC IURIDICA 51, no. 3 (2025): 119–43. https://doi.org/10.14712/23366478.2025.89.

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The article discusses humanitarian intervention in current international law with special attention to the relationship with state responsibility. Humanitarian intervention is a reaction to systematic violations of fundamental human rights, which are protected by general international Jaw and are also rules of jus cogens. As a result humanitarian intervention is not a violation of the rule of non-intervention. Nevertheless current state of international law considers humanitarian intervention to be a violation of the rule on prohibition of the use of force, as contained in the UN Charter. Ther

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Roscini, Marco. "The United Nations Security Council and the Enforcement of International Humanitarian Law." Israel Law Review 43, no. 2 (2010): 330–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000790.

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This Article discusses the competences and powers of the UN Security Council in securing compliance with international humanitarian law, in particular through the adoption of the measures provided in Chapter VII of the Charter: The competence of the Council in this field can be founded on several legal grounds: on a broad interpretation of the notion of “threat to the peace” (Article 39 of the Charter), on Article 94(2) with regard to the International Court of Justice's judgments establishing violations of the jus in bello and also on the customary duty to ensure respect for international hum

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Fomba, Diakaridia, Muhammad Misbahul Mujib, and Ahmed Hedieloum Kodio. "Amnesty Limits in International Criminal Law." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 2 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n2p69.

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This article examine the problems raised by amnesty in the domestic and international legal order in the context of national reconciliation. It examines the scope and limits of the amnesty law, justifying it by the exceptions made for international crimes and violations as far as international humanitarian law is concerned. Indeed, this paper deals with the domestic and international legal aspects of non-amnesty crimes that are recognized under conventional and customary international law as imprescriptible, through the experience of specialized international courts on the subject such as thos

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Henckaerts, Jean-Marie. "Study on customary international humanitarian law: A contribution to the understanding and respect for the rule of law in armed conflict." International Review of the Red Cross 87, no. 857 (2005): 175–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638310018124x.

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AbstractThis article explains the rationale behind a study on customary international humanitarian law recently undertaken by the ICRC at the request of the International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. It describes the methodology used and how the study was organized and summarizes some major findings. It does not, however, purport to provide a complete overview or analysis of these findings.

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Posse, Hortensia D. T. Gutierrez. "The relationship between international humanitarian law and the international criminal tribunals." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 861 (2006): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383106000051.

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International humanitarian law is the branch of customary and treaty-based international positive law whose purposes are to limit the methods and means of warfare and to protect the victims of armed conflicts. Grave breaches of its rules constitute war crimes for which individuals may be held directly accountable and which it is up to sovereign states to prosecute. However, should a state not wish to, or not be in a position to, prosecute, the crimes can be tried by international criminal tribunals instituted by treaty or by binding decision of the United Nations Security Council. This brief d

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Abi-Saab, Rosemary. "The “General Principles” of humanitarian law according to the International Court of Justice." International Review of the Red Cross 27, no. 259 (1987): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400025833.

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In its Judgment of 27 June 1986 in the case concerning “Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua”, the International Court of Justice dealt at length with some of the most vexed questions in humanitarian law. Although the Court had previously touched upon certain problems in this legal field, for example in the Corfu Channel case and that of the Pakistani Prisoners, this was the first time it expressed itself in detail on more general issues, notably on the customary nature of the “general principles” of humanitarian law.

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Svaček, Ondřej. "Humanitarian Intervention: Fairy Tale about One Swallow Which Made Summer?" International and Comparative Law Review 19, no. 2 (2019): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2019-0018.

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Summary In its final report on aggression and the use of force, the International Law Association opined that the only way in which unilateral humanitarian intervention could possibly be seen as a legal exception to the prohibition of the use of force is if State practice and opinio juris were to be found establishing its status as an additional exception in customary international law. After the airstrikes conducted by the US, the UK, and France against Syria in April 2018, which took place in reaction to unprecedented usage of chemical weapons against civilian population by regime of Bashar

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GALAND, ALEXANDRE SKANDER. "Approaching Custom Identification as a Conflict Avoidance Technique:TadićandKupreškićRevisited." Leiden Journal of International Law 31, no. 2 (2018): 403–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156518000055.

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AbstractInternational human rights law (IHRL), international humanitarian law (IHL) and international criminal law (ICL) have trouble staying faithful to the two pillars of customary international law – state practice andopinio juris. In ICL, theTadićInterlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction and theKupreškićTrial Judgement have even gone as far as enunciating new models to identify customs. In this article, I show that the approaches to customs’ identification postulated in these two cases were conflict-avoidance techniques used by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY

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Dutli, María Teresa, and Cristina Pellandini. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and the implementation of a system to repress breaches of international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 34, no. 300 (1994): 240–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400078116.

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The fundamental instruments of international humanitarian law are well known. They are principally the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977, as well as an extensive framework of customary law. These instruments deal with issues of vital importance in times of armed conflict including protection of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked, prisoners of war and civilian internees, as well as the protection of the civilian population as a whole.

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Dumberry, Patrick. "INCOHERENT AND INEFFECTIVE: THE CONCEPT OF PERSISTENT OBJECTOR REVISITED." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 59, no. 3 (2010): 779–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589310000308.

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A rule of customary international law is binding upon all States. One controversial question is whether a State should be permitted not to be bound by such a rule in the event that it objected to it in the early stage of its formation and did so constantly thereafter. This is the theory of the ‘persistent objector’. Articles recently published about the theory focus on its specific application in different areas of international law, including international investment law,1 international humanitarian law2 and human rights law.3 The present article intends to examine the concept of persistent o

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Rutkowska, Patrycja. "Ochrona dóbr kultury w niemiędzynarodowych konfliktach zbrojnych." Świat Idei i Polityki 17, no. 1 (2018): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/siip201807.

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In her article, the author points out that contemporary armed conflicts are often of a non-international nature. She provides the example of the ongoing conflict in Syria and Iraq as one in which cultural property of universal importance has been at risk of destruction. Based on the definition of non-international armed conflict, she notes that only a limited number of treaties belonging to the field of international humanitarian law include provisions aimed at protecting cultural property during an armed conflict. She praises the inclusion of rules concerning the safeguarding of cultural prop

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