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1

Lee, Dayoun, Youngji Han, Eun-Young Kwon, and Myung-Sook Choi. "d-allulose Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction in C57BL/KsJ-db/db Mice." Molecules 25, no. 16 (2020): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163656.

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d-allulose is an uncommon sugar that provides almost no calories when consumed. Its sweetness is 70% that of sucrose. d-allulose is a metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, few reports concerning its effect on diabetes and related metabolic disturbances in db/db mice are available. In this study, we evaluated d-allulose’s effect on hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and inflammatory responses in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. Mice were divided into normal diet, erythritol supplemented (5% w/w), and d-allulose supplemented (5% w/w) groups. Blood glucose and plasma glucagon
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Molonia, Maria Sofia, Federica Lina Salamone, Antonio Speciale, Antonella Saija, and Francesco Cimino. "D-Allulose Reduces Hypertrophy and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Palmitic Acid in Murine 3T3-L1 Adipocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 7 (2024): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25074059.

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Natural rare sugars are an alternative category of sweeteners with positive physiologic and metabolic effects both in in vitro and animal models. D-allulose is a D-fructose epimer that combines 70% sucrose sweetness with the advantage of an extremely low energy content. However, there are no data about the effect of D-allulose against adipose dysfunction; thus, it remains to be confirmed whether D-allulose is useful in the prevention and in treatment of adipose tissue alterations. With this aim, we evaluated D-allulose’s preventive effects on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 murine adipocytes expo
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Xia, Yu, Qianqian Cheng, Wanmeng Mu, et al. "Research Advances of d-allulose: An Overview of Physiological Functions, Enzymatic Biotransformation Technologies, and Production Processes." Foods 10, no. 9 (2021): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092186.

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d-allulose has a significant application value as a sugar substitute, not only as a food ingredient and dietary supplement, but also with various physiological functions, such as improving insulin resistance, anti-obesity, and regulating glucolipid metabolism. Over the decades, the physiological functions of d-allulose and the corresponding mechanisms have been studied deeply, and this product has been applied to various foods to enhance food quality and prolong shelf life. In recent years, biotransformation technologies for the production of d-allulose using enzymatic approaches have gained m
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Rakhat, Yermek, Kentaro Kaneko, Lei Wang, et al. "d-Allulose Inhibits Ghrelin-Responsive, Glucose-Sensitive and Neuropeptide Y Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus and Central Injection Suppresses Appetite-Associated Food Intake in Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (2022): 3117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153117.

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d-allulose, a rare sugar, has sweetness with few calories. d-allulose regulates feeding and glycemia, and ameliorates hyperphagia, obesity and diabetes. All these functions involve the central nervous system. However, central mechanisms underlying these effects of d-allulose remain unknown. We recently reported that d-allulose activates the anorexigenic neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), the neurons that respond to glucagon-like peptide-1 and that express proopiomelanocortin. However, its action on the orexigenic neurons remains unknown. This study investigated the effects of d
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Tan, Jin Hao, Anqi Chen, Jiawu Bi, Yee Hwee Lim, Fong Tian Wong, and Dave Siak-Wei Ow. "The Engineering, Expression, and Immobilization of Epimerases for D-allulose Production." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16 (2023): 12703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612703.

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The rare sugar D-allulose is a potential replacement for sucrose with a wide range of health benefits. Conventional production involves the employment of the Izumoring strategy, which utilises D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) or D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase) to convert D-fructose into D-allulose. Additionally, the process can also utilise D-tagatose 3-epimerase (DTEase). However, the process is not efficient due to the poor thermotolerance of the enzymes and low conversion rates between the sugars. This review describes three newly identified DAEases that possess desirable properties for the i
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Niibo, Misato, Akane Kanasaki, Tetsuo Iida, et al. "d-allulose protects against diabetic nephropathy progression in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats with type 2 diabetes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (2022): e0263300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263300.

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d-allulose is a rare sugar that has been reported to possess anti-hyperglycemic effects. In the present study, we hypothesized that d-allulose is effective in attenuating the progression of diabetic nephropathy in the Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drinking water with or without 3% d-allulose was administered to OLETF rats for 13 weeks. Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka rats that received drinking water without d-allulose were used as non-diabetic control rats. d-allulose significantly attenuated the increase in blood glucose levels and progressive m
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Shigeru, Suna* and Masaaki Tokuda. "Effect of D-allulose on di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) toxicity in rats." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Health Care 15, no. 3 (2025): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15535292.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> <strong>Background</strong>: Oral exposure to high concentrations of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) causes testicular and hepatotoxicity in rodents. DBP-metabolite, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) stimulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and disrupts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The oxidative stress generated may be closely related to these toxicities. <strong>Method</strong>: To determine the effect of D-allulose on DBP-induced testicular and hepatotoxicity, rats were fed a DBP (1% or 2%) diet and D-allulose (2%) in the drinking water. <strong>Result</st
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Shigeru Suna and Masaaki Tokuda. "Effects of D-allulose on di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP)-induced toxicity in rats." World Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Research 6, no. 1 (2024): 001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53346/wjbpr.2024.6.1.0076.

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Background: Oral exposure to high concentrations of DEHP and DBP causes testicular and hepatotoxicity in rodents. Phthalate metabolites such as mono (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP) stimulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and disrupts carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The oxidative stress generated may be closely related to these toxicities. Method: To clarify the effects of the rare sugar D-allulose, a potent free radical scavenger, on testicular and hepatotoxicity induced by DEHP and DBP, rats were fed DEHP or DBP containing diet and D-allulose
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Koike, Teruhiko, Yang Gou, Bingyang Liu, et al. "EFFECT OF D-ALLULOSE ON INSULIN RESISTANCE AND ENDURANCE ABILITY: IS D-ALLULOSE AN EXERCISE MIMETIC?" Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 876. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2833.

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Abstract D-Allulose, a rare sugar and C3-epimer of D-fructose has been proposed as a candidate for dietary restriction mimetics via inhibition of glycolysis. Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects have been reported in rodents and human subjects. Here, we report that D-allulose increases the glucose infusion rate in the two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp test in high-fat or high-sucrose diet-fed rat models. Consistently, the insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT in the skeletal muscle was higher with D-allulose administration with decreased levels of inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α.
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Matsuo, Tatsuhiro, Chihiro Yokoyama, Takako Yamada, et al. "Effect of Simultaneous Intake of Medium-Chain Triglyceride and d-Allulose on Body Fat Accumulation in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet." CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRACEUTICAL RESEARCH 21, no. 3 (2023): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.21:242-247.

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Medium-chain triglycerides, lipids containing three 6−12 carbon medium-chain fatty acids, have antiobesity effects because they do not promote lipogenesis. d-Allulose, a low-calorie epimer of fructose commercially used as a low-calorie sweetener, suppresses hepatic lipogenesis and enhances postprandial fat oxidation. Therefore, we have explored whether a simultaneous intake of medium-chain fatty acids and d-allulose may exhibit a greater reduction in de novo lipogenesis and increase their antiobesity effects. To this end, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four treatment groups of equal siz
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11

Sari, Flori R. "The Potential Effect of Honey-derived D-Allulose in Counteracting Hyperglycemia by Time and Dose Dependent Manner in Diabetes Mellitus." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 9, no. 2 (2023): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v9i2.34881.

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Diabetes mellitus has become a worldwide burden due to its persistent, chronic hyperglycemia. D-allulose, a monosaccharide sugar with a 180.16 molecular weight, is widely used as a low-calorie sweetener, is not involved in glucose-related metabolism, and thus does not alter insulin and pancreatic function. This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of honey-derived D-allulose in acute and sub-chronic diabetes mellitus. Diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 9 groups and treated with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g/kg BW honey-derived D-allulose for 28, 56, and 84 days. Post-prandial blood glu
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12

Maeng, Yoon, Chun, et al. "Metabolic Stability of D-Allulose in Biorelevant Media and Hepatocytes: Comparison with Fructose and Erythritol." Foods 8, no. 10 (2019): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8100448.

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D-allulose, a C-3 epimer of D-fructose, is a rare monosaccharide used as a food ingredient or a sweetener. In the present study, the in vitro metabolic stability of D-allulose was examined in biorelevant media, that is, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF) containing digestive enzymes, and in cryopreserved human and rat hepatocytes. The hepatocyte metabolic stabilities of D-allulose were also investigated and compared with those of fructose and erythritol (a sugar-alcohol with no calorific value). D-allulose was highly stable in SGF (97.8% remained
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13

Liu, Bingyang, Yang Gou, Takamasa Tsuzuki, et al. "d-Allulose Improves Endurance and Recovery from Exhaustion in Male C57BL/6J Mice." Nutrients 14, no. 3 (2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030404.

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d-Allulose, a rare sugar, improves glucose metabolism and has been proposed as a candidate calorie restriction mimetic. This study aimed to investigate the effects of d-allulose on aerobic performance and recovery from exhaustion and compared them with the effects of exercise training. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to exercise and allowed to run freely on a wheel. Aerobic performance was evaluated using a treadmill. Glucose metabolism was analyzed by an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Skeletal muscle intracellular signaling was analyzed by Western blotting. Four weeks of da
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14

Matsuo, Tatsuhiro, Shunsuke Higaki, Reiko Inai, Susumu Mochizuki, Akihide Yoshihara, and Kazuya Akimitsu. "Effect of simultaneous intake of rare sugars allitol and D-allulose on intra-abdominal fat accumulation in rats." Journal of Food Technology Research 10, no. 2 (2023): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/jftr.v10i2.3410.

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Allitol, one of the sugar alcohols, is a rare sugar produced by reducing d-allulose contained in Itea, a deciduous shrub belonging to the Saxifrageaceae family. We previously found that the long-term feeding of rats with a diet supplemented with Itea powder suppressed obesity. The present study aimed to further investigate whether this effect on body fat accumulation may be attributed to the simultaneous intake of allitol and d-allulose in Itea. Thirty-two male 3-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of eight. The rats had ad libitum access to the control (C), 3% allitol
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Xie, Xiaofang, Zihang Jiang, Shixia Xi, Liyuan Jiang, Dejian Huang, and Zhaofeng Li. "Secreted d-allulose 3-epimerase for rare d-allulose biosynthesis and yeast-assisted isomer removal from d-allulose." Food Bioscience 59 (June 2024): 104233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104233.

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Han, Youngji, Bo Choi, So Kim, et al. "Gastrointestinal Tolerance of D-Allulose in Healthy and Young Adults. A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 10, no. 12 (2018): 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10122010.

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D-allulose has recently received attention as a sugar substitute. However, there are currently no reports regarding its association with gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance. Thus, we performed a GI tolerance test for D-allulose in order to establish its daily acceptable intake level. When the dose of D-allulose was gradually increased in steps of 0.1 g/kg·Body Weight (BW) to identify the maximum single dose for occasional ingestion, no cases of severe diarrhea or GI symptoms were noted until a dose of 0.4 g/kg·BW was reached. Severe symptoms of diarrhea were noted at a dose of 0.5 g/kg·BW. Similar
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Tang, Xinrui, Yingfeng An, Muhammad Waheed Iqbal, et al. "The Characterization of a Novel D-allulose 3-Epimerase from Blautia produca and Its Application in D-allulose Production." Foods 11, no. 20 (2022): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11203225.

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D-allulose is a natural rare sugar with important physiological properties that is used in food, health care items, and even the pharmaceutical industry. In the current study, a novel D-allulose 3-epimerase gene (Bp-DAE) from the probiotic strain Blautia produca was discovered for the production and characterization of an enzyme known as Bp-DAE that can epimerize D-fructose into D-allulose. Bp-DAE was strictly dependent on metals (Mn2+ and Co2+), and the addition of 1 mM of Mn2+ could enhance the half-life of Bp-DAE at 55 °C from 60 to 180 min. It exhibited optimal activity in a pH of 8 and 55
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Yuma, Tani, Masaaki Tokuda, Naoki Nishimoto, Hideto Yokoi, and Ken Izumori. "Allulose for the attenuation of postprandial blood glucose levels in healthy humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0281150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281150.

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D-Allulose is a rare sugar that exists in nature. It is a food ingredient with nearly zero calories (&lt;0.4 kcal/g) and has many physiological functionalities such as attenuation of postprandial blood glucose levels, attenuation of postprandial fat mass accumulation, and anti-aging property. This study focused on the postprandial blood glucose changes in healthy humans by a systematic review and meta-analysis. They were chosen because of its importance to a prevention from diabetes. The study objective was to examine acute blood glucose concentrations of healthy humans after the meal with and
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Cui, Jiawei, Yan Li, and Ming Yan. "Thermostable D-Allulose 3-Epimerase for Long-Term Food-Compatible Continuous Production Systems." Applied Sciences 15, no. 13 (2025): 7318. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15137318.

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D-allulose is a rare sugar with promising applications in food and health industries, owing to its low caloric value and multiple health benefits. In this study, we systematically investigated a thermostable D-allulose 3-epimerase (TcDAEase) from Thermogemmatispora carboxidivorans for food-compatible continuous production. The enzyme exhibited remarkable thermostability, with over 70% activity retained at 80 °C, and showed broad pH tolerance across the range of 8.0 to 13.0. Notably, TcDAEase exhibited high catalytic activity toward D-allulose and D-fructose even without the addition of metal i
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Sa, Soonok, Yunji Seol, Albert W. Lee, Yong Heo, Hye-jung Kim, and Chong Jin Park. "Teratogenicity of D-allulose." Toxicology Reports 9 (2022): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.028.

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Bae, Heekyong R., Su-Kyung Shin, Youngji Han, et al. "D-Allulose Ameliorates Dysregulated Macrophage Function and Mitochondrial NADH Homeostasis, Mitigating Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance." Nutrients 15, no. 19 (2023): 4218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15194218.

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D-allulose, a rare sugar, has been proposed to have potential benefits in addressing metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the precise mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which D-allulose influences obesity-induced insulin resistance. We conducted gene set enrichment analysis on the liver and white adipose tissue of mice exposed to a high-fat diet (HFD) along with the white adipose tissue of individuals with obesity. Our study revealed that D-allulose effectively suppressed IFN-γ, restored chemo
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Fukunaga, Kensaku, Takafumi Yoshimura, Hitomi Imachi, et al. "A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of a Diabetic Diet Containing the Rare Sugar D-Allulose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Study." Nutrients 15, no. 12 (2023): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122802.

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High sugar consumption increases the risk of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Regarding the diet of patients with diabetes, artificial sweeteners are considered a safe alternative to sugar; however, there is also a risk that artificial sweeteners exacerbate glucose metabolism. D-allulose (C-3 isomer of d-fructose), which is a rare sugar, has been reported to have antidiabetic and antiobesity effects. In this study, the efficacy of a diabetic diet containing D-allulose was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes using an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring
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Do, Ga Young, Eun-Young Kwon, Yun Jin Kim, et al. "Supplementation of Non-Dairy Creamer-Enriched High-Fat Diet with D-Allulose Ameliorated Blood Glucose and Body Fat Accumulation in C57BL/6J Mice." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (2019): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132750.

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D-allulose, which has 70% of the sweet taste of sucrose but nearly no calories, has been reported to inhibit the absorption of lipids and suppress body weight gain in obese mice. Fats in non-dairy creamer consist of highly saturated fatty acids, which can cause various lipid disorders when consumed over a long period. We investigated whether D-allulose supplementation alleviates the effects of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet on lipid metabolism. High-fat diets enriched with non-dairy creamer were administered to C57BL/6J mice with or without D-allulose supplementation for eight week
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Gou, Yang, Bingyang Liu, Mengyao Cheng, et al. "d-Allulose Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats." Molecules 26, no. 20 (2021): 6310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206310.

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Background: d-Allulose is a rare sugar with antiobesity and antidiabetic activities. However, its direct effect on insulin sensitivity and the underlying mechanism involved are unknown. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of d-allulose on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance using the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic (HE)-clamp method and intramuscular signaling analysis. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three dietary groups: chow diet, HFD with 5% cellulose (HFC), and HFD with 5% d-allulose (HFA). After four weeks of feeding, the insulin tolerance test (I
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Teysseire, Fabienne, Valentine Bordier, Aleksandra Budzinska, et al. "Metabolic Effects and Safety Aspects of Acute D-allulose and Erythritol Administration in Healthy Subjects." Nutrients 15, no. 2 (2023): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15020458.

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The rapid increase in sugar consumption is associated with various negative metabolic and inflammatory effects; therefore, alternative sweeteners become of interest. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic effects and safety aspects of acute D-allulose and erythritol on glucose, insulin, ghrelin, blood lipids, uric acid, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). In three study visits, 18 healthy subjects received an intragastric administration of 25 g D-allulose or 50 g erythritol, or 300 mL tap water (placebo) in a randomized, double-blind and crossover order. To measure t
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Liu, Fawei, Shuangjiang Chen, Fuxu Pan, Zhihui Zhao, Mengjun Liu, and Lili Wang. "Establishment of the Biotransformation of D-Allulose and D-Allose Systems in Full-Red Jujube Monosaccharides." Plants 12, no. 17 (2023): 3084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12173084.

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In order to reduce sucrose content in jujube juice and prepare a jujube juice beverage rich in rare sugars, jujube juice was used as raw material for multienzyme catalysis in this study. The effects of single factors such as substrate, pH, DPE and L-RI addition ratio, enzyme treatment temperature, and metal ions on sucrose conversion and D-allulose formation in jujube juice were investigated. Changes in glucose, D-allulose, and D-allose contents in jujube juice before and after enzyme conversion were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that ‘Xiangfenmu
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Yoshida, Hiromi, Akihide Yoshihara, Pushpa Kiran Gullapalli, et al. "X-ray structure of Arthrobacter globiformis M30 ketose 3-epimerase for the production of D-allulose from D-fructose." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 74, no. 10 (2018): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x18011706.

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The X-ray structure of ketose 3-epimerase from Arthrobacter globiformis M30, which was previously reported to be a D-allulose 3-epimerase (AgD-AE), was determined at 1.96 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to the hexagonal space group P6522, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 103.98, c = 256.53 Å. The structure was solved by molecular replacement using the structure of Mesorhizobium loti L-ribulose 3-epimerase (MlL-RE), which has 41% sequence identity, as a search model. A hexagonal crystal contained two molecules in the asymmetric unit, and AgD-AE formed a homotetramer with twofold symmetry. T
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Franchi, Francesco, Dmitry M. Yaranov, Fabiana Rollini, et al. "Effects of D-allulose on glucose tolerance and insulin response to a standard oral sucrose load: results of a prospective, randomized, crossover study." BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care 9, no. 1 (2021): e001939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001939.

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IntroductionCurrent dietary guidelines recommend limiting sugar intake for the prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM). Reduction in sugar intake may require sugar substitutes. Among these, D-allulose is a non-calorie rare monosaccharide with 70% sweetness of sucrose, which has shown anti-DM effects in Asian populations. However, there is limited data on the effects of D-allulose in other populations, including Westerners.Research design and methodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study conducted in 30 subjects without DM. Study participants were giv
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Li, Jin, Jiajun Chen, Wei Xu, Wenli Zhang, Yeming Chen, and Wanmeng Mu. "Efficient Utilization of Fruit Peels for the Bioproduction of D-Allulose and D-Mannitol." Foods 11, no. 22 (2022): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11223613.

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Currently, the demand for low-calorie sweeteners has grown dramatically because consumers are more mindful of their health than they used to be. Therefore, bioproduction of low-calorie sweeteners from low-cost raw materials becomes a hot spot. In this study, a two-stage strategy was established to efficiently utilize D-fructose from fruit and vegetable wastes. Firstly, ketose 3-epimerase was used to produce D-allulose from D-fructose of pear peels. Secondly, the residual D-fructose was converted to D-mannitol by the engineered strain co-expression of D-mannitol 2-dehydrogenase and formate dehy
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Bu, Yifan, Tao Zhang, Bo Jiang, and Jingjing Chen. "Improved Performance of D-Psicose 3-Epimerase by Immobilisation on Amino-Epoxide Support with Intense Multipoint Attachment." Foods 10, no. 4 (2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040831.

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D-allulose is an epimer of D-fructose at the C-3 position. With similar sweetness to sucrose and a low-calorie profile, D-allulose has been considered a promising functional sweetener. D-psicose 3-epimerase (DPEase; EC 5.1.3.30) catalyses the synthesis of D-allulose from D-fructose. Immobilised enzymes are becoming increasingly popular because of their better stability and reusability. However, immobilised DPEase generally exhibits less activity or poses difficulty in separation. This study aimed to obtain immobilised DPEase with high catalytic activity, stability, and ease of separation from
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Ivanova, N. S., A. A. Kulminskaya, and S. V. Shvetsova. "Structural and Functional Features of Ketoso-3-Epimerases and Their Use in Production of D-Allulose." Биоорганическая химия 49, no. 4 (2023): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0132342323040346.

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Rare sugars attract more and more attention as safe, low-calorie sweeteners and functional compounds in the food, pharmaceutical and medical industries. The potential of the rare sugar D-allulose has been proven in a large number of theoretical and applied works but the high cost of its production is a limitation factor for its large-scall production. Epimerization reactions of available sugars leading to the production of D-allulose are catalyzed by enzymes consisting the epimerase group, namely, ketose-3-epimerases. The key goals of ongoing studies on the ketose-3-epimerase family enzymes ar
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Liu, Zhanzhi, Shuhan Liu, Jingyi Jia, et al. "Optimization of Ultrahigh-Throughput Screening Assay for Protein Engineering of d-Allulose 3-Epimerase." Biomolecules 12, no. 11 (2022): 1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12111547.

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d-Allulose is the corresponding epimer of d-fructose at the C-3 position, which exhibits a similar taste and sweetness to sucrose. As a low-calorie sweetener, d-allulose has broad application prospects in the fields of medicine, food, and so on. Currently, the production method of d-allulose is mainly the enzymatic conversion of d-fructose by d-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase). However, the limited specific activity and thermal stability of DAEase restrict its industrial application. Herein, an ultrahigh-throughput screening assay based on the transcription factor PsiR was extensively optimized f
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Kamal, Shahriar, Yang Gou, Takamasa Tsuzuki, et al. "d-Allulose Ameliorates Fructose-Induced Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance via Regulation of Ectopic Lipid Accumulation Independent of Body Weight Changes." Nutrients 17, no. 12 (2025): 2050. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17122050.

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Background/Objectives: The consumption of fructose-sweetened beverages, especially when combined with a high-fat (HF) diet, substantially contributes to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscles is a critical factor in the development of insulin resistance, a key feature of these metabolic disorders. We aimed to investigate the effects of the rare sugar, d-allulose, on fructose-induced insulin resistance. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to fructose-free control diet (CD), HF/fructose-free diet
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Lischer, Kenny, Fina Amreta Laksmi, Yudhi Nugraha, et al. "Production of recombinant D-allulose 3-epimerase utilizing an auto-induction approach in fermentor cultures suitable for industrial application." PLOS One 20, no. 7 (2025): e0327420. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327420.

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D-Allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) is the key enzyme catalyzing D-fructose to catalyze into D-allulose, a rare sugar in foods, which has lately drawn increasing worldwide attention owing to its possible health advantages and application as a substitute sucrose. This work focused on the development of an economical, scalable production method of DAEase by using the Escherichia coli BL21 star™ (DE3) as host expression. The research work aims to optimize the production of the enzyme through an auto-induction strategy in chemically defined media by using lactose as a natural inducer, thereby overcomi
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35

Xu, Kang. "Research on Probiotics and D-allulose." International Journal of Biology and Life Sciences 2, no. 2 (2023): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijbls.v2i2.6427.

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D-allulose has attracted much attention because of its special taste and unique physiological functions, and it can be used as an ideal substitute for sucrose. At present, probiotics have been proven to have a variety of excellent physiological functions and are widely used in various fields.
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Xiao, Ziqun, Bo Jiang, Jingjing Chen, Longbei Xiang, and Ran Zhang. "Immobilization and stabilization of D-allulose 3-epimerase for continuous D-allulose synthesis in packed-bed reactors." Food Bioscience 64 (February 2025): 105959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2025.105959.

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ÖZGÜR, Mustafa, Elif Büşra ÖZGÜR, and Ahmet Hulusi DİNÇOĞLU. "Prebiotic Effect of D-Allulose (D-Psicose): Traditional Review." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (2022): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2021-84078.

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Az-Zahra, Fauziah, Dwi Hilda Putri, Irdawati Irdawati, and Dezi Handayani. "Literatur Review: D-Allulose 3-Epimerase from Microbial Sources and its Potential Uses." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 25, no. 1 (2025): 795–800. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8402.

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D-allulose, or psicose, is a rare, low-calorie sugar with various health benefits, such as managing blood sugar levels and lowering the risk of obesity, making it an ideal alternative to sucrose. In the food and pharmaceutical sectors, this study aims to review the characteristics and potential of D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAEase) enzymes from different microbial sources, along with the challenges and prospects associated with industrial-scale applications. The methodology involved a literature review to analyse the properties of DAEase enzymes, including specific activity, thermal stability, an
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Masuda, Yuta, Kento Ohbayashi, Kengo Iba, et al. "Abilities of Rare Sugar Members to Release Glucagon-like Peptide-1 and Suppress Food Intake in Mice." Nutrients 17, no. 7 (2025): 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071221.

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Background/Objectives: Rare sugars, which naturally exist in small quantities, have gained attention as next-generation functional sugars due to their sweetness and low calorie content. Some of them have already been commercialized. Rare sugar-containing syrups, produced through alkaline isomerization of high-fructose corn syrup, are effective in preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain incompletely understood. Recently, D-allulose has been found to improve hyperphagic obesity by stimulating the secretion of the intestinal hormone glucagon
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Wang, Lei, Yun Cui, Yujie Lu, and Zongpei Zhao. "Comprehensive Analysis of Allulose Production: A Review and Update." Foods 13, no. 16 (2024): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13162572.

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Advancements in D-allulose production have seen significant strides in recent years, focusing on enzymatic conversion methods. Key developments include traditional immobilization techniques, the discovery of novel enzymes, directed evolution studies, and biosynthesis through metabolic pathway modification. Enzymatic conversion, particularly utilizing D-allulose 3-epimerase, remains fundamental for industrial-scale production. Innovative immobilization strategies, such as functionalized nano-beads and magnetic MOF nanoparticles, have significantly enhanced enzyme stability and reusability. Dire
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Chen, Jiajun, Ding Chen, Mengyu Ke, et al. "Characterization of a Recombinant d-Allulose 3-epimerase from Thermoclostridium caenicola with Potential Application in d-Allulose Production." Molecular Biotechnology 63, no. 6 (2021): 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12033-021-00320-z.

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Jia, Dong-Xu, Chen-Yi Sun, Yi-Ting Jin, et al. "Properties of d-allulose 3-epimerase mined from Novibacillus thermophilus and its application to synthesis of d-allulose." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 148 (August 2021): 109816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109816.

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Park, Chul-Soon, Taeyong Kim, Seung-Hye Hong, Kyung-Chul Shin, Kyoung-Rok Kim, and Deok-Kun Oh. "D-Allulose Production from D-Fructose by Permeabilized Recombinant Cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum Cells Expressing D-Allulose 3-Epimerase Flavonifractor plautii." PLOS ONE 11, no. 7 (2016): e0160044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160044.

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Suzuki, Yota, Takeshi Hashimoto та Takashi Hayashita. "Ratiometric fluorescence sensing of d-allulose using an inclusion complex of γ-cyclodextrin with a benzoxaborole-based probe". RSC Advances 12, № 19 (2022): 12145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra00749e.

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Ding, Wentao, Chensa Liu, Chi Huang, et al. "The Formation of D-Allulose 3-Epimerase Hybrid Nanoflowers and Co-Immobilization on Resins for Improved Enzyme Activity, Stability, and Processability." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 12 (2024): 6361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126361.

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As a low-calorie sugar, D-allulose is produced from D-fructose catalyzed by D-allulose 3-epimerase (DAE). Here, to improve the catalytic activity, stability, and processability of DAE, we reported a novel method by forming organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (NF-DAEs) and co-immobilizing them on resins to form composites (Re-NF-DAEs). NF-DAEs were prepared by combining DAE with metal ions (Co2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+) in PBS buffer, and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. All of the NF-DAEs showe
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Kanasaki, Akane, Misato Niibo, and Tetsuo Iida. "Effect of d-allulose feeding on the hepatic metabolomics profile in male Wistar rats." Food & Function 12, no. 9 (2021): 3931–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0fo03024d.

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Xie, Xiaofang, Yixiong Tian, Xiaofeng Ban, Caiming Li, Hongshun Yang, and Zhaofeng Li. "Crystal structure of a novel homodimeric D-allulose 3-epimerase from a Clostridia bacterium." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 78, no. 9 (2022): 1180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798322007707.

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D-Allulose, a low-calorie rare sugar with various physiological functions, is mainly produced through the isomerization of D-fructose by ketose 3-epimerases (KEases), which exhibit various substrate specificities. A novel KEase from a Clostridia bacterium (CDAE) was identified to be a D-allulose 3-epimerase and was further characterized as thermostable and metal-dependent. In order to explore its structure–function relationship, the crystal structure of CDAE was determined using X-ray diffraction at 2.10 Å resolution, revealing a homodimeric D-allulose 3-epimerase structure with extensive inte
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Patel, Satya Narayan, Sweety Sharma, Nidhi Gossai, Dhaval Patel, and Sudhir Pratap Singh. "A novel xylose isomerase suitable for D-fructose production and synergistic catalysis with D-allulose 3-epimerase for the biosynthesis of D-allulose." Process Biochemistry 151 (April 2025): 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2025.01.030.

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刘, 侯. "Progress in Production and Purification of D-Allulose." Bioprocess 08, no. 02 (2018): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/bp.2018.82004.

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Hong, Jong-Hwan, Hack-Youn Kim, Su-Han Kang, et al. "Quality Properties of Chicken Breast Tteokgalbi with D-Allulose and Sprout-Barley." Resources Science Research 2, no. 1 (2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52346/rsr.2020.2.1.18.

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