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Abukari, Moses Abdullai, Huaru Alhassan Marifa, Jonathan Ayelsoma Samari, Philip Dorsah et Fatao Abudu. « SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ DIFFICULTIES IN LEARNING HYBRIDISATION IN CHEMISTRY ». Problems of Education in the 21st Century 80, no 5 (25 octobre 2022) : 630–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/22.80.630.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The concept of hybridisation is one of the most difficult concepts for chemistry students to grasp at all levels of learning. Research showed the students conceptual difficulty ranged from their lack of the pre-requisite knowledge for grasping the topic hybridisation to chemical bond formation and orientations of atomic orbitals. This study investigated the difficulties Senior High School Students face in learning hybridisation. The study adopted a mixed-method approach using the sequential exploratory design. Purposive sampling was used to select six schools that offer elective chemistry subject. Simple random sampling was then used to select 120 Senior High School form 1 students to take part in the study. Convenient sampling was used to interview 24 students from the sample. Hybridisation Achievement Test (HAT) and Semi-structured interviews were self-constructed and used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Content analysis were used to analyse the data. Results showed that, majority of students had difficulties in explaining the concept of hybrid orbitals, writing the electron configuration of 6C, explaining the effect of hybridisation on formation of chemical bonds in 6C, and type of hybridisation and shapes of compounds such as NH3, OF2, BCl3, CO2, SiO2, C2H2, BeF¬2 and C2H4. The study also showed that students had difficulties in explaining and demonstrating the formation of C = C double bond in ethene and other compounds. Equally students were challenged in demonstrating the differences between the formation of sigma and pi bonds in compounds. Students had difficulties in using electron orbital diagrams to explain the shape of CO2 as linear. The study concluded that Senior High School form 1 chemistry students in the Upper West Region of Ghana lacked the most basic and fundamental concept of hybridisation. Teachers need to use conceptual change instructional approaches to teach hybridisation in order to foster students’ understanding and reduce misconceptions. Keywords: atomic orbitals; hybrid orbitals; hybridisation; mixed- method approach; sigma and pi-bonds;
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Alguliyev, Rasim M., Ramiz M. Aliguliyev et Fargana Jabbar Abdullayeva. « Hybridisation of classifiers for anomaly detection in big data ». International Journal of Big Data Intelligence 6, no 1 (2019) : 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbdi.2019.097396.
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Alguliyev, Rasim M., Ramiz M. Aliguliyev et Fargana Jabbar Abdullayeva. « Hybridisation of classifiers for anomaly detection in big data ». International Journal of Big Data Intelligence 6, no 1 (2019) : 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbdi.2019.10018528.
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Baverstock, PR, R. Schodde, L. Christidis, M. Krieg et J. Birrell. « Evolutionary Relationships of the Australasian Mud-Nesters (Grallinidae, Corcoracidae) - Immunological Evidence ». Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no 2 (1992) : 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920173.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Australasian mud-nesters (Corcorax, Struthidea and Grallina) were examined by microcomplement fixation, and the results compared with morphological and DNA-DNA hybridisation data. There was general corroboration among all data sets such that (1) Corcorax and Struthidea were well-diverged members of a single lineage related to corvoids, and (2) Grallina comprised two species (Australian G. cyanoleuca and New Guinean G. bruijni) closely allied to Myiagra among the monarch flycatchers (Monarchidae). The immunological data also indicated that Corcorax and Struthidea were closer to Corvus (Corvinae) than to some other members of that subfamily identified by DNA-DNA hybridisation. There was further corroboration of evidence from DNA-DNA hybridisation for an endemic radiation among Australo-Papuan passerine families.
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Guo, Huanyu, Canglong Wang, Youping Nie et Xiaoxiang Tang. « Hybridising Minjian Religion in South China : Participants, Rituals, and Architecture ». Religions 13, no 5 (22 avril 2022) : 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13050384.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study focuses on the ongoing hybridisation of minjian (folk or popular, literally “among the people”) religious activities in rural areas of south China. It demonstrates recent changes in religious hybridisation through extensive fieldwork in two villages. It also investigates intellectual debate on the concept of minjian religion and presents the relationship between state power and the religious revival in contemporary Chinese society. It then draws on fieldwork data to examine the hybrid nature of Chinese minjian religion from three aspects: the diversification of participants, the performative hybridisation of rituals, and the blending of spatial layouts. The main argument is that the revival of minjian religion involves the hybridisation of mystical and secular elements and of traditional and modern elements through the complex interactions between rural communities and official authorities.
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Bachman, Kristine K., Stephanie J. DeWard, Constantinos Chrysostomou, Ricardo Munoz et Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal. « Array CGH as a first-tier test for neonates with congenital heart disease ». Cardiology in the Young 25, no 1 (6 novembre 2013) : 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951113001868.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractObjectiveEfficient diagnosis of an underlying genetic aetiology in a patient with congenital heart disease is essential to optimising clinical care. Copy number variants are one aetiology of congenital heart disease; the majority are identifiable by targeted fluorescence in situ hybridisation or array comparative genomic hybridisation, not by classical cytogenetic analysis. This study assessed the utility of array comparative genomic hybridisation as a first-tier diagnostic test for neonates with congenital heart disease.Study designA prospective chart review of neonates with congenital heart disease in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC was performed. Patients were tested by array comparative genomic hybridisation and classical cytogenetic analysis simultaneously. Data collected included all chromosome abnormalities detected, physical examination findings, and imaging results. McNemar’s test was used to compare detection of array comparative genomic hybridisation and classical cytogenetic analysis.ResultsOf 45 patients, three (6.7%) had an abnormality detected by classical cytogenetic analysis and an additional 10 (22.2%) had a copy number variant detected by array comparative genomic hybridisation, highlighting an increased detection rate (p=0.008). Several of these copy number variants had unclear clinical significance, requiring additional investigation. The prevalence of dysmorphology and/or comorbidity in this population was 72%. Identification of dysmorphic features was greater when assessed by a geneticist than by providers of different subspecialties.ConclusionsArray comparative genomic hybridisation has significant clinical utility as a first-tier test in this population, but it carries the potential for incidental findings and results of uncertain clinical significance. Collaboration between cardiologists and medical geneticists is essential to providing optimal clinical care.
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Epicoco, Italo, Silvia Mocavero, Andrew R. Porter, Stephen M. Pickles, Mike Ashworth et Giovanni Aloisio. « Hybridisation strategies and data structures for the NEMO ocean model ». International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 32, no 6 (29 janvier 2017) : 864–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094342016684930.
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This work describes the introduction of a second level of parallelism based on the OpenMP shared memory paradigm to NEMO, one of the most widely used ocean models in the European climate community. Although the existing parallelisation scheme in NEMO, based on the MPI paradigm, has served it well for many years, it is becoming unsuited to current high-performance computing architectures due to their increasing tendency to have fat nodes containing tens of compute cores. Three different parallel approaches for introducing OpenMP are presented, discussed and compared on several platforms. Finally we have also considered the effect on performance of the data layout employed in NEMO.
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Christidis, L., R. Schodde et NA Robinson. « Affinities of the Aberrant Australo-Papuan Honeyeaters, Toxorhamphus, Oedistoma, Timeliopsis and Epthianura - Protein Evidence ». Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no 5 (1993) : 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930423.
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Allozyme variation at 18 presumptive loci among 15 species of Australo-Papuan passerines was used to clarify the affinities of the aberrant genera Toxorhamphus, Oedistoma, Timeliopsis and Epthianura, all conventionally associated with honeyeaters (Meliphagidae). Both distance-based and discrete-state phylogenetic analyses were performed on the data. The analyses corroborated results from DNA-DNA hybridisation studies that Toxorhamphus and Oedistoma are not honeyeaters, but in fact are related to the berrypeckers and flowerpeckers Melanocharis and Dicaeum. Oedistoma iliolophus was found to be more closely allied to Melanocharis than to Toxorhamphus. This result is consistent with generic separation of O. iliolophus from Toxorhamphus, contrary to groupings interpreted from DNA-DNA hybridisation data. Timeliopsis was identified as a typical honeyeater despite the atypical form of its tongue. Epthianura was also aligned with the honeyeaters but, contrary to analysis by DNA-DNA hybridisation, only as a sister-group of the core honeyeater assemblage.
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Springer, MS, LJ Hollar et JAW Kirsch. « Phylogeny, Molecules Versus Morphology, and Rates of Character Evolution Among Fruitbats (Chiroptera : Megachiroptera) ». Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no 6 (1995) : 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950557.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Andersen's 1912 monograph on megachiropterans remains the definitive work on the systematics of this group. Andersen argued that the Macroglossinae, containing the eonycterine and notopterine sections, are a monophyletic sister-group to other fruitbats (i.e. Andersen's Rousettus, Cynopterus and Epomophorus sections). Two recent molecular studies (DNA hybridisation and restriction mapping of ribosomal cistrons), as well as an analysis of female reproductive characters, challenge the monophyly of the Macroglossinae and several of Andersen's other conclusions such as the phylogenetic position of Nyctimene. We performed a cladistic analysis on 36 morphological characters, including 33 that were gleaned from Andersen, to determine whether phylogenetic hypotheses based on modem phylogenetic methods are in agreement with Andersen's original conclusions and to compare morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses. Minimum-length trees based on parsimony are largely consistent with Andersen and support (1) a monophyletic Macroglossinae, within which the eonycterine section is paraphyletic with respect to a monophyletic notopterine section, (2) a monophyletic Cynopterus section, excepting the exclusion of Myonycteris, (3) a monophyletic Epomophorus section, excepting the exclusion of Plerotes, and (4) a paraphyletic Rousettus section, with several of the Rousettus-like forms branching off near the base of the tree. Bootstrapping analyses on a reduced data-set that included taxa shared in common with the DNA hybridisation study did not provide strong support (greater than or equal to 95%) for any clades but did provide moderate support (greater than or equal to 70) for several clades, including a monophyletic Macroglossinae. These findings are in marked contrast to the DNA hybridisation phylogeny. A high index of between-data-set incongruence is further evidence for the clash between DNA hybridisation and morphology. A phylogenetic framework was constructed on the basis of morphological data and DNA hybridisation data using a criterion of moderate support and shows little resolution, whereas employing a criterion of strong support produced a framework resolving several additional nodes. One implication of this framework is that characteristic macroglossine features such as a long tongue with a thick carpet of filiform papillae have evolved independently on several occasions (or evolved once and were lost several times). Rates of character evolution for the morphological characters employed in our analysis were calculated using divergence times estimated from DNA hybridisation data. Rates have apparently been fastest in the interior branches, and slower along the external branches, which suggests an early adaptive radiation in the history of fruitbats.
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Islam, Mohammed Nurul, et Azirah Hashim. « Hybridisation in English Newspapers in Bangladesh ». International Education Studies 17, no 5 (5 septembre 2024) : 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v17n5p59.
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Over the decades, Bangladesh has experienced many language contact situations. Based on history, there are many instances of the presence of Urdu, Perso-Arabic, and Hindi (Sanskrit) words within the Bengali language. As a result, when Bangladeshi newspapers use English, there are common Bengali loanwords throughout the articles, derived from the region’s developmental process. The motivation behind this study is to look at hybridisation in Bangladeshi English newspapers and to determine their functions in relation to the socio-cultural and political contexts in which they are found. This study is being conducted as a qualitative textual content analysis. The data were collected from three national dailies namely, The Daily Star, The Independent and The News Today. This study strives to create a corpus of contact expressions based on these newspapers; delineate the types of Bengali and other loan words used in the corpus and reasons for their use; and examine the results in relation to the language ecology. The analysis of data in this study shows that hybridisation is one of the most language contact features found in the English dailies in Bangladesh which contributes to the higher number of loanwords in English and are often used by people in different domains within Bangladesh.
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Arntzen, J. W., et Graham P. Wallis. « Geographic variation and taxonomy of crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) : morphological and mitochondrial DNA data ». Contributions to Zoology 68, no 3 (1999) : 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-06803004.
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Within the newt genus Triturus, the large-bodied species in the T. cristatus (crested newt) superspecies show an unusual degree of variation in relative trunk length as a result of among-taxon variation in interlimb vertebral count. Here we examine the systematic value of this feature as assessed by both exterior measurement (Wolterstorff Index) and direct radiographic count of rib-bearing vertebrae, with particular reference to a number of confounding factors (sex differences, hybridisation, geographic variation, allometry, preservation effects). Using our mtDNA haplotype data, which are largely concordant with geographic distribution of species, we find that direct count ofthe rib-bearing vertebrae performs more reliably (14% misclassification) than external measurement (31% misclassification) as a species identifier. We therefore recommend this feature as a taxonomic tool, although (like external measurement) it breaks down near hybrid zones. To account for the observed biogeographicalpattern and phenotype-genotype discrepancies, a scenario is presented that combines the movement of the contact zone between taxa with asymmetric hybridisation. This scenario applies to species interactions in eastern Yugoslavia and western France.
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Knipler, Monica L., Mark Dowton et Katarina Maryann Mikac. « Genome-Wide SNPs Detect Hybridisation of Marsupial Gliders (Petaurus breviceps breviceps × Petaurus norfolcensis) in the Wild ». Genes 12, no 9 (27 août 2021) : 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091327.
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Petaurus breviceps and Petaurus norfolcensis have produced hybrids in captivity, however there are no reported cases of Petaurus hybridisation in the wild. This study uses morphological data, mitochondrial DNA, and nuclear genome-wide SNP markers to confirm P. breviceps breviceps × P. norfolcensis hybridisation within their natural range on the central coast of New South Wales, Australia. Morphological data identified a potential hybrid that was confirmed with next-generation sequencing technology and 10,111 genome-wide SNPs. Both STRUCTURE and NewHybrid analyses identified the hybrid as a P. norfolcensis backcross, which suggests an initial F1 hybrid was fertile. The mitochondrial DNA matched that of a P. b. breviceps, indicating that a P. b. breviceps female initially mated with a P. norfolcensis male to produce a fertile female offspring. Our study is an important example of how genome-wide SNPs can be used to identify hybrids where the distribution of congeners overlaps. Hybridisation between congeners is likely to become more frequent as climate changes and habitats fragment, resulting in increased interactions and competition for resources and mates.
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da Silva, Carlos Roberto Maximiano, Thaíssa Boldieri de Souza, Rafael Trevisan, María Socorro González-Elizondo, José Marcelo Domingues Torezan, Rogério Fernandes de Souza et André Luís Laforga Vanzela. « Genome differentiation, natural hybridisation and taxonomic relationships among Eleocharis viridans, E. niederleinii and E. ramboana (Cyperaceae) ». Australian Systematic Botany 30, no 2 (2017) : 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb17002.
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The role of natural hybridisation and genome changes in the differentiation and speciation of Eleocharis (Cyperaceae) was addressed through the study of the following three closely related species of the polyphyletic series Tenuissimae: Eleocharis viridans Kük. ex Osten, E. ramboana R.Trevis & Boldrini and E. niederleinii Boech., which often reproduce asexually. Molecular and cytogenetic data were used to understand the genomic and karyotypic relationships in the group. Genomes were compared using internal transcribed spacer–cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (ITS-CAPS) marker and confirmed with random amplified polymorphic DNA, which allowed identification of different genetic groups, with clear evidence of natural hybrids. Karyotype analysis showed numerical variation from 2n = 20–42, with occurrence of chromosome heteromorphisms and polymorphisms, including variability in 35S rDNA site numbers. Meiotic studies demonstrated irregular pairing in some samples, which is associated with hybridisation and asexual reproduction. Genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) reactions were conducted using two well defined genetic groups as probes, with 2n = 20 and normal meiosis. Probes were tested against each one of the genetic groups and showed positive, partial and negative GISH results, which supported the molecular analysis data. The results indicated that the three studied species are undergoing an intense process of genomic and karyotypic re-arrangement, which results in overlapping of morphological and genomic characteristics. The present study has exemplified the value of an integrative taxonomic approach to solve conflicts in species delimitation in groups undergoing hybridisation.
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Kuipers, Anja GJ, Pat JS Heslop-Harrison et Evert Jacobsen. « Characterisation and physical localisation of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons in four Alstroemeria species ». Genome 41, no 3 (1 juin 1998) : 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-048.
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The genus Alstroemeria contains species with large genomes (2C = 36.5-78.9 pg (17 600 - 38 000 Mb) in those species with 2n = 2x = 16). We investigated the diversity and genomic and chromosomal organisation of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons in four Alstroemeria species. Analysis of 33 PCR-amplified sequences corresponding to a conserved domain of the Ty1-copia reverse transcriptase (rt) gene showed high heterogeneity among predicted amino acid sequences; no two sequences were identical, but most fell into one of five subgroups. Levels of inter- and intra-specific heterogeneity of sequences were similar. HaeIII-digested genomic DNA of various Alstroemeria species contained distinct bands upon hybridisation with individual rt gene fragments. Hybridisation with the heterogeneous PCR pool of rt fragments (retrotransposon pool) revealed additional bands; some minor bands were characteristic of either Brazilian or Chilean species. In situ hybridisation of the retrotransposon pool from three species to metaphase chromosomes from the same species showed a dispersed distribution of the retrotransposon pool with exclusion from rDNA and other chromosomal sites.Alstroemeria pelegrina, which is without major heterochromatic sites, showed some clustering and small negative bands. The retrotransposon pool was excluded from major DAPI-staining bands in Alstroemeria aurea, but in contrast, the sites of the major tandemly repeated sequences in Alstroemeria inodora showed a hybridisation signal similar to that in the rest of the chromosomes. The data are discussed in the context of the contribution of Ty1-copia-like retrotransposons to plant genome size, their evolution, and their value for phylogenetic and biodiversity studies.Key words: Alstroemeria, in situ hybridisation, genome organisation, retrotransposable elements, Ty1-copia.
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Vieira, B. C., L. M. Pansarin, M. E. P. Martucci, L. Gobbo-Neto et E. R. Pansarin. « Pollinarium size as a hybridisation barrier between sympatric inter-compatible orchids ». Australian Journal of Botany 65, no 7 (2017) : 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17081.
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Hybridisation has been recorded for many different organisms, including plants, and is crucial in the diversification of Epidendrum, a neotropical orchid genus with ~1500 species. Based on the evidence of frequent natural hybridisation in Epidendrum and the absence of pre-mating barriers among the species, our main hypothesis was that pollen transfer is occurring between two sympatric species, Epidendrum secundum Jacq. and Epidendrum denticulatum Barb. Rodr. The reproduction of the species was investigated based on morpho-anatomical and histochemical analyses and intra- and interspecific crosses. Also, the relationship between co-occurring species was verified by floral morphometry, principal component analysis and sequence divergence analyses. Results showed that E. secundum and E. denticulatum are rewardless, self- and inter-compatible, and need a biotic vector for pollen transfer. Although there is inter-compatibility among the species, and E. secundum and E. denticulatum share the pollinators, our data showed no intermediary forms in either morphology or molecular data. All data collected suggest that, at least nowadays, no gene flow is occurring, and that hybridisation has been avoided due to the incompatible pollinarium size between the sympatric E. secundum and E. denticulatum, which acts as a pre-mating barrier in the studied population. This new discovery increases the knowledge about the isolation mechanisms and pre-pollination barriers in plants.
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Keppel, Gunnar, Peter Prentis, Ed Biffin, Paul Hodgskiss, Susana Tuisese, Marika V. Tuiwawa et Andrew J. Lowe. « Diversification history and hybridisation of Dacrydium (Podocarpaceae) in remote Oceania ». Australian Journal of Botany 59, no 3 (2011) : 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10181.
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We examined evolutionary relationships, hybridisation and genetic diversity in species of Dacrydium (Podocarpaceae) in Remote Oceania, where it is restricted to New Caledonia and Fiji. We used cpDNA sequence (trnL–trnF) data to construct a phylogeny and estimate taxon divergence by using a relaxed molecular clock approach. The phylogeny was verified using allozymes, which were also used to investigate genetic diversity of all species and the hybridisation dynamics of two endangered species, D. guillauminii and D. nidulum. Our results suggested that Dacrydium species in Remote Oceania form a monophyletic group that arose and diversified within the last 20 million years through long-distance dispersal and a range of speciation mechanisms. Whereas we detected no hybridisation between the Fijian species D. nausoriense and D. nidulum, we confirmed hybridisation between D. guillauminii and D. araucarioides in New Caledonia and determined introgression to be assymetric from the widespread D. araucarioides into the rare, restricted-range species D. guillauminii. In addition, D. guillauminii had lower genetic diversity than did the other species of Dacrydium studied, which had genetic diversity similar to that of other gymnosperms. Our results provided evidence for the recent and complex diversification of Dacrydium in Remote Oceania. In addition, low genetic diversity of and introgression from D. araucarioides, are of grave concern for the conservation of D. guillauminii.
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Khairalla, Mergani, Xu Ning et Nashat AL-Jallad. « Modelling and optimisation of effective hybridisation model for time-series data forecasting ». Journal of Engineering 2018, no 2 (1 février 2018) : 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2017.0337.
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Bauersachs, S., S. Rehfeld, SE Ulbrich, S. Mallok, K. Prelle, H. Wenigerkind, R. Einspanier, H. Blum et E. Wolf. « Monitoring gene expression changes in bovine oviduct epithelial cells during the oestrous cycle ». Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 32, no 2 (1 avril 2004) : 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0320449.
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The oviduct epithelium undergoes marked morphological and functional changes during the oestrous cycle. To study these changes at the level of the transcriptome we did a systematic gene expression analysis of bovine oviduct epithelial cells at oestrus and dioestrus using a combination of subtracted cDNA libraries and cDNA array hybridisation. A total of 3072 cDNA clones of two subtracted libraries were analysed by array hybridisation with cDNA probes derived from six cyclic heifers, three of them slaughtered at oestrus and three at dioestrus. Sequencing of cDNAs showing significant differences in their expression levels revealed 77 different cDNAs. Thirty-seven were expressed at a higher level at oestrus, for the other 40 genes expression levels were higher at dioestrus. The identified genes represented a variety of functional classes. During oestrus especially genes involved in the regulation of protein secretion and protein modification, and mRNAs of secreted proteins, were up-regulated, whereas during dioestrus particularly transcripts of genes involved in transcription regulation showed a slight up-regulation. The concentrations of seven selected transcripts were quantified by real-time RT-PCR to validate the cDNA array hybridisation data. For all seven transcripts, RT-PCR results were in excellent correlation (r>0.92) with the results obtained by array hybridisation. Our study is the first to analyse changes in gene expression profiles of bovine oviduct epithelial cells during different stages of the oestrous cycle, providing a starting point for the clarification of the key transcriptome changes in these cells.
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Canestrelli, Daniele, Roberta Bisconti, Andrea Chiocchio, Luigi Maiorano, Mauro Zampiglia et Giuseppe Nascetti. « Climate change promotes hybridisation between deeply divergent species ». PeerJ 5 (23 mars 2017) : e3072. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3072.
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Rare hybridisations between deeply divergent animal species have been reported for decades in a wide range of taxa, but have often remained unexplained, mainly considered chance events and reported as anecdotal. Here, we combine field observations with long-term data concerning natural hybridisations, climate, land-use, and field-validated species distribution models for two deeply divergent and naturally sympatric toad species in Europe (Bufo bufoandBufotes viridisspecies groups). We show that climate warming and seasonal extreme temperatures are conspiring to set the scene for these maladaptive hybridisations, by differentially affecting life-history traits of both species. Our results identify and provide evidence of an ultimate cause for such events, and reveal that the potential influence of climate change on interspecific hybridisations goes far beyond closely related species. Furthermore, climate projections suggest that the chances for these events will steadily increase in the near future.
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Pellicer, Jaume, Teresa Garnatje, Julián Molero, Fatima Pustahija, Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev et Joan Vallès. « Origin and evolution of the South American endemic Artemisia species (Asteraceae) : evidence from molecular phylogeny, ribosomal DNA and genome size data ». Australian Journal of Botany 58, no 7 (2010) : 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt10047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Genus Artemisia is thought to have reached the Americas across the Bering Strait from Asia during the late Tertiary, but the systematic position of the South American endemic species and the migration routes towards the south have not yet been studied. We used nuclear DNA sequences to unravel the interspecific relationships among the South American Artemisia and their connections with the remaining species of the genus, as well as using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and genome size assessments to characterise this polyploid complex. Most of the species are clustered in a monophyletic clade, nested within the American endemic clade, with the exception of A. magellanica Sch. Bip., which appears segregated from the other American species and constitutes a clade together with A. biennis Willd. Fluorescent in situ hybridisation and genome size data revealed that monoploid genome size remains quite constant across ploidy levels and a proportional increase of ribosomal loci was detected, a dynamic not usually found in this genus. The results are discussed in the light of evolutionary processes which occur in plants, and plausible origins for the South American endemic species are hypothesised.
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Partridge, Wu et Bucknall. « Investigation on the Impact of Degree of Hybridisation for a Fuel Cell Supercapacitor Hybrid Bus with a Fuel Cell Variation Strategy ». Vehicles 2, no 1 (19 décembre 2019) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2010001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper presents the development of a control strategy for a fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid power system for application in a city driving bus. This aims to utilise a stable fuel cell power output during normal operation whilst allowing variations to the power output based on the supercapacitor state-of-charge. This provides flexibility to the operation of the system, protection against over-charge and under-charge of the supercapacitor and gives flexibility to the sizing of the system components. The proposed control strategy has been evaluated using validated Simulink models against real-world operating data collected from a double-decker bus operating in London. It was demonstrated that the control strategy was capable of meeting the operating power demands of the bus and that a wide range of degrees of hybridisation are viable for achieving this. Comparison between the degree of hybridisation proposed in this study and those in operational fuel cell (FC) hybrid buses was carried out. It was found that the FC size requirement and FC variation can be significantly reduced through the use of the degree of hybridisation identified in this study.
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Coates, DJ, et RJ Hnatiuk. « Systematic and evolutionary inferences from isozyme studies in the genus Eremaea (Myrtaceae) ». Australian Systematic Botany 3, no 1 (1990) : 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9900059.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Eremaea is a genus of woody shrubs endemic to the south-west of Australia. With the exception of E. pauciflora all species are restricted to the kwongan or sandplain regions of the coastal plain northwards from Perth. Forty four populations covering the seven recognised species and a further 12 putative taxa were examined for allozyme variation at 15 polymorphic loci. Gene diversity statistics indicated that a greater proportion of genetic variability in Eremaea species was due to within- rather than among-population differences. The allozyme data supported morphological studies which indicated five species groups or complexes. Differentiation among and within species complexes was examined using gene frequency and genetic distance data. The average genetic distance (Nei's D) among populations within species ranged from 0.011 (E. acutifolia) to 0.051 (E. aff. brevifolia 3). Within species complexes the average genetic distance between taxa ranged from 0.050 to 0.157 while between complexes it ranged from 0.164 to 0.558. Of the 159 possible pairwise combinations between the 19 morphologically distinct taxa, 15 showed little allozyme divergence. Lack of allozyme divergence was attributed to either rapid and recent speciation or to introgressive hybridisation. Based on allozyme data E. aff. brevifolia x violacea is either of hybrid origin or is a recently derived hybrid, and field observations indicated that interspecific hybridisation occurs within Eremaea. Rapid and recent speciation, combined with hybridisation have resulted in a reticulate pattern of evolution in sections of this genus. Phylogenetic analyses based on these allozyme data were generally consistent with those based on morphological data except for the placement of E. purpurea and E. aff. pauciflora 4.
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Hightower, Hannah B., Nathaniel H. Robin, Fady M. Mikhail et Namasivayam Ambalavanan. « Array comparative genomic hybridisation testing in CHD ». Cardiology in the Young 25, no 6 (8 octobre 2014) : 1155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114001838.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractBackground: CHD is the leading cause of mortality due to birth defects. Array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) detects submicroscopic copy number changes and may improve identification of the genetic basis of CHD. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 1252 patients from a regional referral centre who had undergone aCGH. Of the patients, 173 had CHD. A whole-genome custom-designed oligonucleotide array with >44,000 probes was used to detect copy number changes. Results: Of the 1252 patients, 335 (26.76%) had abnormal aCGH results. Of the 173 patients with CHD, 50 (28.9%) had abnormal aCGH results versus 284 (26.3%) of 1079 non-cardiac patients. There were six patients with CHD who had well-described syndromes such as Wolf–Hirschhorn, trisomy 13, DiGeorge, and Williams. Of the patients with CHD, those with left-sided heart disease had the highest proportion (14/31; 45.13%) of abnormal aCGH results, followed by those with conotruncal heart disease (10/29; 34.48%), endocardial cushion defects (13/50; 26%), complex/other heart disease (12/52; 23.08%), and patent ductus arteriosus (1/11; 9.09%). Conclusions: Patients with CHD are at a substantial risk of having microdeletions and microduplications. The incidence of abnormalities on aCGH analysis is higher than identified with karyotype, and identification of copy number changes may help identify the genetic basis of the specific heart defects. However, aCGH may not have a significant diagnostic yield in those with isolated CHD. Further research using larger data sets may help identify candidate genes associated with CHD.
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Du, Wenyan, Yachao Wang, Dajun Xie, Enze Li, Yuran Bai, Ce Shang et Zhixiang Zhang. « Phylogenomics reveal Populus gonggaensis as a hybrid between P. lasiocarpa and P. cathayana (Salicaceae) ». PhytoKeys 237 (23 janvier 2024) : 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.237.103012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
High levels of intra-specific polymorphism and frequent hybridisation make it difficult to define species and correctly apply their scientific names. Populus L. is a challenging genus with plentiful natural and artificial hybrids. This study is a part of the project ‘Flora of Pan-Himalaya’ and aims to determine the taxonomic identity of P. gonggaensis N. Chao & J.R. He and to find out whether it is of hybrid origin. Whole-genome sequencing data were obtained from 57 samples. The SNP matrix was developed for phylogenetic reconstruction, ABBA-BABA statistics, PCA and ADMIXTURE analysis. The results indicate that P. gonggaensis is a spontaneous hybrid between P. lasiocarpa and P. cathayana. This study points out the importance of SNP data and comprehensive analyses for discovering the potential interspecific hybridisation and clarifies the usage of the name. In addition, the lectotype of P. gonggaensis was designated.
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Vanmontfort, D., AE Fidler, DA Heath, SB Lawrence, DJ Tisdall, PJ Greenwood et KP McNatty. « cDNA sequence analysis, gene expression and protein localisation of the inhibin alpha-subunit of Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) ». Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 21, no 2 (1 octobre 1998) : 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0210141.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An inhibin alpha-subunit cDNA sequence from the Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) has been identified and analysed. The cDNA includes an open reading frame encoding a predicted precursor protein of 361 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence includes four possible proteolytic cleavage sites, 12 evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues and three potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The mature alpha-subunit is the carboxyl terminal fragment (alphaC) consisting of 131 amino acids. The full-length precursor protein shows a mean identity with eutherian homologues of 69.8%. The homology is not evenly distributed, with the putative alphaC fragment showing the highest level (79.7%). Using Northern hybridisation, an alpha-subunit transcript of approximately 1.6 kb was detected in adult possum ovary. Using in situ hybridisation and immunocytochemistry, inhibin alpha-subunit was localised exclusively to the granulosa cell layers of follicles. Hybridisation and immunostaining for the inhibin alpha-subunit were first observed in granulosa cells of primary follicles and the expression continued throughout all stages of follicular growth. Inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA and protein were also detected in cells of the corpus luteum. In summary, results indicate considerable conservation of the structure and possible function of the inhibin alpha-subunit protein since the divergence of the marsupial and eutherian mammalian lineages. The expression data suggest that, in the adult possum, inhibin may have a role in ovarian follicular growth from the primary stage of development.
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Leah, Caroline. « Approved mental health professionals : A jack of all trades ? Hybrid professional roles within a mental health occupation ». Qualitative Social Work 19, no 5-6 (12 septembre 2019) : 987–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325019873385.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This article presents findings from the Hybrid Identities Project that investigated the professional role and identities of ten multi-professional Approved Mental Health Professionals (AMHPs) from social work, mental health nursing and occupational therapy backgrounds as hybrid professionals. Hybrid professionals are professionals of a mixed origin who work across several roles and areas of expertise within public services. AMHPs have a legal role within the Mental Health Act 1983 (2007) in England and Wales to plan the assessment of individuals who require care and treatment for a mental disorder. An intrinsic case study approach was undertaken with data generated through semi-structured interviews that examined professional hybridisation, illustrated through AMHPs’ enactment of eight hybrid roles. The article contributes to empirical understandings of AMHP professional practice through advancing ideas about role hybridisation within a previously under-researched mental health occupation.
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Hislop, R. G., S. C. Stocks, C. M. Steel, M. Sales, N. Pratt, D. Goudie, A. Robertson et A. M. Thompson. « Comparative genomic hybridisation analysis of 40 breast cancers with long term patient survival data ». European Journal of Cancer 37 (septembre 2001) : 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(01)80153-2.
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Montanari, Stefano R., Jean-Paul A. Hobbs, Morgan S. Pratchett et Lynne van Herwerden. « The importance of ecological and behavioural data in studies of hybridisation among marine fishes ». Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 26, no 2 (3 février 2016) : 181–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-016-9420-7.
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Vaughan, H. E., J. S. Heslop-Harrison et G. M. Hewitt. « The localization of mitochondrial sequences to chromosomal DNA in orthopterans ». Genome 42, no 5 (1 octobre 1999) : 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-020.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is growing evidence that the integration of mitochondrial DNA sequences into nuclear and chloroplast genomes of higher organisms may be widespread rather than exceptional. We report the localization of 18S-25S rDNA and mitochondrial DNA sequences to meiotic chromosomes of several orthopteran species using in situ hybridisation. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence localizes to the centromeric and two telomeric regions of the eight bivalents of Chorthippus parallelus, the telomeric regions in Schistocerca gregaria and is present throughout the genome of Italopodisma sp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae). The control region of the mitochondrion and COI localize to similar chromosomal regions in S. gregaria. These data explain sequencing data that are inconsistent with the COI sequence being solely mitochondrial. The different nuclear locations of mtDNA in the different genera studied suggest that grasshopper mtDNA-like sequences have been inserted into the nuclear genome more than once in Acridid history, and there may have been different mechanisms involved when these events occurred in each of these species.Key words: Schistocerca gregaria, Italopodisma spp., Chorthippus parallelus, in situ hybridisation, mitochondrial DNA, genome organization.
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Molchan, Vladislav, Kanstantsin Homel, Arseni Valnisty, Mikhael Nikiforov et Ekaterina Kheidorova. « Genetic diversity of mtDNA in the grey wolf population of Belarus threatened by wolf-dog admixture ». Theriologia Ukrainica 2023, no 25 (30 juin 2023) : 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.53452/tu2508.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Hybridisation with domestic species is one of the prominent threats to conser-vation of numerous valuable species in Belarus, in particular the grey wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758), the population of which has previously shown unusually divergent genotypes, indicating a possible admixture with free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758). Such admixture could threaten the future of the species already weakened by anthropogenic pressure. Reports of hybrids in Belarus based on morphological characteristics have been steadily increasing in frequency since 2010, which can be tied with a growing food availability for feral dogs and low population density of grey wolf facili-tating hybridisation. A limited number of genetic studies with sampling that partially covered Belarus did not detect any traces of hybridisation. Here we report our estimate of genetic diversity in the Belarusian population of grey wolf according to control region (D-loop) mtDNA sequence analysis. We ana-lysed tissue samples from 35 specimens harvested during legal hunts across 25 administrative districts from all 6 regions of Belarus between 2009 and 2022, with 9 of the specimens reported to have morphological characteristics of wolf–dog hybrids. We detected 6 haplotypes among those 35 specimens, 4 of which were found among the likely wolf–dog hybrids. Clade analysis of the obtained sequences with 100 confirmed sequences of wolves, dogs, and their hybrids from the NCBI Genbank database has shown the presence of possible wolf–dog hybrids in our sample. The Belarusian wolf population has shown a low nucleotide and a relatively high haplotype diversity. The discovered genet-ic diversity data of the Belarusian wolf population is mostly in line with studies of similar wolf populations across Europe. The persistence of large wolf meta-populations across Eastern Europe and Russia, combined with the high mobility of the animal, seems to be the probable cause of genetic diversity of wolf populations in Belarus, but some degree of wolf–dog hybridisation could also explain the observed genetic heterogeneity, which invites further research based on nuclear markers.
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Kunerth, Henry D., Joaquim T. Tapisso, Raul Valente, Maria da Luz Mathias, Paulo C. Alves, Jeremy B. Searle, Rodrigo Vega et Joana Paupério. « Characterising Mitochondrial Capture in an Iberian Shrew ». Genes 13, no 12 (27 novembre 2022) : 2228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13122228.
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Mitochondrial introgression raises questions of biogeography and of the extent of reproductive isolation and natural selection. Previous phylogenetic work on the Sorex araneus complex revealed apparent mitonuclear discordance in Iberian shrews, indicating past hybridisation of Sorex granarius and the Carlit chromosomal race of S. araneus, enabling introgression of the S. araneus mitochondrial genome into S. granarius. To further study this, we genetically typed 61 Sorex araneus/coronatus/granarius from localities in Portugal, Spain, France, and Andorra at mitochondrial, autosomal, and sex-linked loci and combined our data with the previously published sequences. Our data are consistent with earlier data indicating that S. coronatus and S. granarius are the most closely related of the three species, confirming that S. granarius from the Central System mountain range in Spain captured the mitochondrial genome from a population of S. araneus. This mitochondrial capture event can be explained by invoking a biogeographical scenario whereby S. araneus was in contact with S. granarius during the Younger Dryas in central Iberia, despite the two species currently having disjunct distributions. We discuss whether selection favoured S. granarius with an introgressed mitochondrial genome. Our data also suggest recent hybridisation and introgression between S. coronatus and S. granarius, as well as between S. araneus and S. coronatus.
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Healey, Adam, David J. Lee, Agnelo Furtado et Robert J. Henry. « Evidence of inter-sectional chloroplast capture in Corymbia among sections Torellianae and Maculatae ». Australian Journal of Botany 66, no 5 (2018) : 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Chloroplast capture through hybridisation and introgression is well described within Eucalyptus. Despite the propensity of the Corymbia genus (eucalypts) to form hybrids from wide crosses, description of chloroplast capture in Corymbia has, until recently, been limited. In this study our aim was to investigate evidence of intersectional chloroplast capture between sections Torellianae and Maculatae. Using whole-genome next-generation sequencing data, the complete chloroplast genomes were assembled from four Corymbia taxa: Corymbia citriodora subspecies citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, Corymbia citriodora subspecies variegata (F.Muell.) A.R.Bean & M.W.McDonald, Corymbia henryi (S.T.Blake) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, and Corymbia torelliana (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, represented by eight genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison among Corymbia chloroplast genomes and nuclear external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequences revealed chloroplast capture among Corymbia species across distinct sections Torellianae and Maculatae within subgenus Blakella. Reticulate evolution, along with Eucalyptus, likely extends into Corymbia as evidenced by incongruent plastid and nuclear phylogenetic trees, suggestive of its importance of hybridisation and introgression during the evolution of eucalypts.
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Halada, Petr, Christian Leitner, Jindřich Volc, Dietmar Haltrich et Vladimír Havlíček. « Peptide Sequencing by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation and Post-Source Decay Mass Spectrometry : A Rapid Method to Design Oligonucleotide Hybridisation Probes for Cloning cDNA Encoding Pyranose 2-Oxidase from Trametes multicolor ». Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no 10 (2000) : 1669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001669.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A rapid and elegant method for designing oligonucleotide hybridisation probes for cloning cDNA encoding a biologically and/or biotechnologically important protein is presented. The approach is based on proteolytic digestion of a protein of interest and subsequent matrix/assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometric (MALDI-MS) analysis of the resulting peptide mixture. The method is demonstrated on the analysis of pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O), a homotetrameric flavoprotein used as a catalyst component in several biotechnologically important carbohydrate conversions. P2O from the fungusTrametes multicolorwas cleaved directly in the gel by two different proteases and the peptides formed were subjected to MALDI-MS. A comparison of the obtained peptide maps to those theoretically derived from the known sequence of homologous P2O (Trametes versicolor) allowed us to select peptide candidates for designing hybridisation probes. The suitable peptides were sequenced by post-source decay (PSD) analysis. The acquired sequence data are aimed at cloning and sequencing ofT. multicolor p2ocDNA and at production of the recombinant enzyme.
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Lounis, Bahia, Aichouche Belhadj Aissa, Sofiane Rabia et Adlene Ramoul. « Hybridisation of fuzzy systems and genetic algorithms for water quality characterisation using remote sensing data ». International Journal of Image and Data Fusion 4, no 2 (juin 2013) : 171–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19479832.2011.617318.
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Kirsch, John A. W., Mark S. Springer et François-Joseph Lapointe. « DNA-hybridisation Studies of Marsupials and their Implications for Metatherian Classification ». Australian Journal of Zoology 45, no 3 (1997) : 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo96030.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We review past DNA-hybridisation studies of marsupials and present a reanalysis of the data, utilising results from our and additional studies to formulate and rationalise a new classification of Marsupialia. In the reanalysis, 13 individual DNA-hybridisation matrices, many lacking some pairwise comparisons, were sutured in stages to provide the basis for generating a tree of 101 marsupials plus an outgroup eutherian; a fourteenth matrix provided data for a tree including eight additional eutherians and a monotreme. Validation was achieved by jackknifing on taxa for each matrix as well as on tables combining two or more matrices generated during assembly of the 102-taxon data set. The results are consistent with most conclusions from the individual studies and dramatise the unevenness of hierarchical levels in current classifications of marsupials. In particular, the affinities of the American marsupial Dromiciops gliroides with, and the distinctness of marsupial bandicoots from, Australasian metatherians are reaffirmed, while opossums are shown to be as internally divergent as are most members of the order Diprotodontia. Calibration of the 102-taxon tree and dating of the major dichotomies suggest that no extant marsupial lineage originated before the latest Cretaceous, and that all of them together with most South American and all Australasian fossils should be recognised as a monophyletic group contrasting with a largely Laurasian (if possibly paraphyletic) taxon. These inferences, together with the details of the phylogeny, mandate that the misleading ‘Australian’ v. ‘American’ distinction be abandoned, even as a geographic convenience.
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Roberts, JD. « Hybridization Between the Western and Northern Call Races of the Limnodynastes-Tasmaniensis Complex (Anura, Myobatrachidae) on the Murray River in South Australia ». Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no 2 (1993) : 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930101.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Limnodynastes tasmaniensis complex consists of three call races: northern, southern and western. This paper documents differences in call structure between the western and northern races: differences in note repetition rate, dominant frequency, average number of notes per call and pulses per second note, but not in pulse repetition rate. The races also differ in egg size (smaller in northern) and egg number (higher in northern). There are zones of overlap between these two races west from Morgan and along the Marne River in South Australia. Mixed populations contain both parental and hybrid phenotypes. Hybrids were identified by a hybrid index based on the three call components that overlapped least (note repetition rate, dominant frequency and average number of notes per call). Temporary range expansions, associated with flooding on the Murray River, are documented for the northern call race. Artificial hybridisations revealed no evidence of hybrid inviability and this was supported by estimates of egg viability in field-collected egg masses from the Morgan zone of overlap. The hybrid zones are interpreted as zones of overlap with hybridisation where introgression is likely to occur. Biogeographic data suggest that the northern call race may be spreading south and west, displacing the western call race.
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Mokhtari, Anas, Mostafa Azizi et Mohammed Gabli. « Scientific Applications in the Cloud : Resource Optimisation based on Metaheuristics ». Scalable Computing : Practice and Experience 21, no 4 (20 décembre 2020) : 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v21i4.1799.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The advent of emerging technologies such as 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a colossal amount ofdata that should be processed by the cloud computing. Thereby, cloud resources optimisation represents significant benefits in different levels: cost reduction for the user, saving energy consumed by cloud data centres, etc. Cloud resource optimisation is a very complex task due to its NP-hard characteristic. In this case, use of metaheuristic approaches is more rational. But the quality of metaheuristic solutions changes by changing the problem. In this paper we have dealt with the problem of determining the configuration of resources in order to minimise the payment cost and the duration of the scientific applications execution. For that, we proposed a mathematical model and three metaheuristic approaches, namely the Genetic Algorithm (GA), hybridisation of the Genetic Algorithm with Local Search (GA-LS) and the Simulated Annealing (SA). The comparison between them showed that the simulated annealing finds more optimal solutions than those proposed by the genetic algorithm and the GA-LS hybridisation.
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Hajrudinović-Bogunić, Alma, Božo Frajman, Peter Schönswetter, Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev et Faruk Bogunić. « Apomictic Mountain Whitebeam (Sorbus austriaca, Rosaceae) Comprises Several Genetically and Morphologically Divergent Lineages ». Biology 12, no 3 (27 février 2023) : 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12030380.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The interplay of polyploidisation, hybridization, and apomixis contributed to the exceptional diversity of Sorbus (Rosaceae), giving rise to a mosaic of genetic and morphological entities. The Sorbus austriaca species complex from the mountains of Central and South-eastern Europe represents an allopolyploid apomictic system of populations that originated following hybridisation between S. aria and S. aucuparia. However, the mode and frequency of such allopolyploidisations and the relationships among different, morphologically more or less similar populations that have often been described as different taxa remain largely unexplored. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, plastid DNA sequencing, and analyses of nuclear microsatellites, along with multivariate morphometrics and ploidy data, to disentangle the relationships among populations within this intricate complex. Our results revealed a mosaic of genetic lineages—many of which have not been taxonomically recognised—that originated via multiple allopolyploidisations. The clonal structure within and among populations was then maintained via apomixis. Our results thus support previous findings that hybridisation, polyploidization, and apomixis are the main drivers of Sorbus diversification in Europe.
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Rauf, Sobiah, Jeremy J. Austin, Denice Higgins et Muhammad Ramzan Khan. « Unveiling forensically relevant biogeographic, phenotype and Y-chromosome SNP variation in Pakistani ethnic groups using a customized hybridisation enrichment forensic intelligence panel ». PLOS ONE 17, no 2 (17 février 2022) : e0264125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264125.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Massively parallel sequencing following hybridisation enrichment provides new opportunities to obtain genetic data for various types of forensic testing and has proven successful on modern as well as degraded and ancient DNA. A customisable forensic intelligence panel that targeted 124 SNP markers (67 ancestry informative markers, 23 phenotype markers from the HIrisplex panel, and 35 Y-chromosome SNPs) was used to examine biogeographic ancestry, phenotype and sex and Y-lineage in samples from different ethnic populations of Pakistan including Pothwari, Gilgit, Baloach, Pathan, Kashmiri and Siraiki. Targeted sequencing and computational data analysis pipeline allowed filtering of variants across the targeted loci. Study samples showed an admixture between East Asian and European ancestry. Eye colour was predicted accurately based on the highest p-value giving overall prediction accuracy of 92.8%. Predictions were consistent with reported hair colour for all samples, using the combined highest p-value approach and step-wise model incorporating probability thresholds for light or dark shade. Y-SNPs were successfully recovered only from male samples which indicates the ability of this method to identify biological sex and allow inference of Y-haplogroup. Our results demonstrate practicality of using hybridisation enrichment and MPS to aid in human intelligence gathering and will open many insights into forensic research in South Asia.
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Schäfer, Richard A., et Björn Voß. « RNAnue : efficient data analysis for RNA–RNA interactomics ». Nucleic Acids Research 49, no 10 (21 mai 2021) : 5493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab340.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract RNA–RNA inter- and intramolecular interactions are fundamental for numerous biological processes. While there are reasonable approaches to map RNA secondary structures genome-wide, understanding how different RNAs interact to carry out their regulatory functions requires mapping of intermolecular base pairs. Recently, different strategies to detect RNA–RNA duplexes in living cells, so called direct duplex detection (DDD) methods, have been developed. Common to all is the Psoralen-mediated in vivo RNA crosslinking followed by RNA Proximity Ligation to join the two interacting RNA strands. Sequencing of the RNA via classical RNA-seq and subsequent specialised bioinformatic analyses the result in the prediction of inter- and intramolecular RNA–RNA interactions. Existing approaches adapt standard RNA-seq analysis pipelines, but often neglect inherent features of RNA–RNA interactions that are useful for filtering and statistical assessment. Here we present RNAnue, a general pipeline for the inference of RNA–RNA interactions from DDD experiments that takes into account hybridisation potential and statistical significance to improve prediction accuracy. We applied RNAnue to data from different DDD studies and compared our results to those of the original methods. This showed that RNAnue performs better in terms of quantity and quality of predictions.
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Scotti, Ivan, Anna Mariani, Valentino Verona, Alberto Candolini, Carlo A. Cenci et Angelo M. Olivieri. « AFLP markers and cytotaxonomic analysis reveal hybridisation in the genus Schoenus (Cyperaceae) ». Genome 45, no 2 (1 avril 2002) : 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-138.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Molecular, cytological, and morphological data support the existence of a hybrid population between Schoenus nigricans and Schoenus ferrugineus. This population was found in northeastern Italy, where S. nigricans is central with respect to its natural range and S. ferrugineus is marginal, being most common in the Alps and in central and northern Europe. Molecular marker data show that the putative hybrid population is genetically intermediate between nearby populations of the parent species. Cytological evidence confirmed the hybrid nature of this population, as does the almost complete sterility of plants within the population. Although no seeds were produced by the hybrid population, some possibly fertile pollen grains were produced; this suggests that the possibility of introgression between the two species through the hybrids cannot completely be excluded.Key words: Schoenus, AFLP markers, chromosome behaviour, introgression.
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Chaplin, Kirilee, Katie Smith Date, Rebecca D. Bray, Kimberly A. Miller, Maiko L. Lutz, Emma Razeng, Michael B. Thompson et David G. Chapple. « Intraspecific hybridisation of an invasive lizard on Lord Howe Island ». Australian Journal of Zoology 69, no 5 (2 août 2022) : 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo21045.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Human-mediated dispersal of animals often acts to bring populations that have been separated for substantial periods of evolutionary time (e.g. millions of years) in their native range into contact in their introduced range. Whether these taxa successfully interbreed in the introduced range provides information on the strength of reproductive isolation amongst them. The invasive delicate skink (Lampropholis delicata) has been accidentally introduced to Lord Howe Island from four genetically divergent (>2 million years) regions of the species’ native range in eastern Australia. We used mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite data to investigate whether the individuals from four of the native-range source regions are interbreeding on Lord Howe Island. Our analyses indicate that intraspecific hybridisation among individuals from all four native-range source regions is occurring. Although there is little evidence for hybrids in the northern end of Lord Howe Island (proportion of hybrids: 0–0.02; n = 31), there is a high proportion of hybrids in the central (0.33–0.69; n = 59) and southern regions (0.38–0.75; n = 8) of the island. Given the strong evidence for interbreeding among all four native-range source regions examined, and the relatively minor morphological, life-history and phenotypic variation among them, we suggest that the delicate skink should continue to be treated as a single, widespread, but variable species.
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Nikolov, I. S., B. C. Stoeckle, G. Markov et R. Kuehn. « Substantial hybridisation between wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) and East Balkan pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica) in natural environment as a result of semi-wild rearing in Bulgaria ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 62, No. 1 (14 janvier 2017) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/49/2015-cjas.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The East Balkan pig (EBP) is a traditional domestic pig breed in Bulgaria managed in semi-wild conditions and well-adapted to the continental climate and rearing on pastures. From the genetical and historical point of view it is important to preserve this ancient breed. However, over the last several years, a dramatic decline of EBP herds has been observed. Moreover, introgression between EBP and wild boar in Bulgaria (WBB) is very likely to have occurred. In this study we used a set of 10 microsatellites and the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method on melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms to study the degree of hybridisation between WBB, EBP, and a commercial pig breed (CPB). MC1R results identified WBB-EBP hybrids and the analysis of the microsatellite data with a Bayesian assignment approach and the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components revealed a low genetic differentiation between WBB and EBP and a high amount of introgression of WBB into EBP. A mentionable introgression of CPB into EBP was also revealed. It is apparent that the traditional rearing system of EBP, which is hundreds of years old, has led to a permanent hybridisation between WBB and EBP. In our opinion, the preservation of the semi-wild rearing system is a prerequisite for the conservation of this old, indigenous pig breed and its genetic composition, as the semi-wild rearing system allows the continuous introgression with WBB. Moreover, the introgression of commercial breeds into EBP or WBB should be prevented. Due to the bidirectional gene flow these hybridisation events would have negative consequences (i.e. loss of viability and adaptation) for the wild boars as well as for the indigenous pig breed.
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Yeoh, Seng Guan. « For/Against Hybridity : Religious Entrepreneurships in a Roman Catholic Pilgrimage Shrine in Malaysia ». Asian Journal of Social Science 37, no 1 (2009) : 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853109x385376.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractBased on ethnographic data gathered in the late 1990s in a popular Roman Catholic pilgrimage shrine in Peninsular Malaysia, this essay discusses popular practices and discourses surrounding elements of everyday religious hybridisation in evidence at the shrine. What are the trajectories amenable to these kinds of translations, exchanges and mixing? How are they contested in turn and why? What do they index about inter-faith relations, and contemporary religious sensibilities in Malaysia?
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Lozinskyi, Mykola, Halyna Ustynova, Tetiana Grabovska, Yulia Kumanska et Oleksandr Horodetskyi. « Manifestation of Heterosis and Degree of Phenotypic Dominance by the Number of Grains from the Main Ear in the Hybridisation of Different Early-Maturing Varieties of Soft Winter Wheat ». Scientific Horizons 24, no 11 (23 février 2022) : 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.48077/scihor.24(11).2021.28-37.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main food crop on a global scale, in the growth and stabilisation of yields, of which varietal resources are a significant factor. In practical breeding work, an essential role is played by a variety of thoroughly investigated source material. The purpose of this study was to determine hypothetical and true heterosis and establish the nature of inheritance of the number of grains from the main ear in hybrids of soft winter wheat. In 2018-2020, 45 combinations of cross-breeding of soft winter wheat varieties obtained from hybridisation of different growing season periods were investigated in the experimental field of the Research and Production Centre of the Belotserkovskyi National Agrarian University. Generally accepted methods were used to determine the hypothetical and true heterosis and the degree of phenotypic dominance by the number of grains in the main ear. Studies indicate that the number of grains in the ear of the main stem of the parent components of hybridisation is determined by genotype and considerably depends on the hydrothermal conditions of the year. The author of this paper established the influence of maternal cytoplasm on the manifestation of the trait under study. Thus, when used in hybridisation of early-maturing varieties with the mother form, the largest average number of grains in the main ear for hybrids (63.3 pcs.) was formed in 2019. At the same time, for the use of medium-early, medium maturing, and medium-late varieties in hybridisation, the maximum number of grains (64.8 pcs.) was marked in 2018. Therewith, all hybrids formed the minimum number of grains in 2020. The obtained experimental data indicate the influence of parental genotypes and year conditions on heterosis indicators and the degree of phenotypic dominance in first-generation hybrids. It is determined that the most common type of inheritance (85.6%) of the number of grains from the main ear is positive overdomination. Practical value for the selection of soft winter wheat are the selected cross-breeding combinations: Myronivska early / Zolotokolosa, Myronivska early / Cherniava, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Cherniava, Bilotserkivska semi-dwarf / Antonivka, Kolchuha / Antonivka, Zolotokolosa / Charniava, Zolotokolosa / Yednist, Cherniava / Vidrada, Cherniava / Stolychna, Shchedra Nyva / Dobirna, Antonivka / Stolychna, Dobirna / Pyvna, which significantly exceeded the average number of grains from the main ear for F1 in the changing fields under hydrothermal conditions the years of research
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Arnaboldi, Michela, Giovanni Azzone et Yulia Sidorova. « Governing social media : the emergence of hybridised boundary objects ». Accounting, Auditing & ; Accountability Journal 30, no 4 (15 mai 2017) : 821–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-07-2015-2132.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the processes whereby organisational actors can seize the opportunities opened up through social media, and the way in which the relative information is managed. This allows these actors to move their occupational boundaries, exploiting the information for performance measurement purposes. The investigation was carried out within an organisational setting, where most occupational dynamics take place. The focus was on the role of artefacts within these occupational dynamics and the analysis drew upon the notion of boundary objects. Design/methodology/approach The research was based on case studies involving two organisations that make use of social media within and across several departments. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with social media managers, department managers, analysts and financial controllers and senior executives. The results of the qualitative analysis of the interviews were completed with secondary sources of information, company reports, communications, public policies, codes of conduct and social media platform analyses. Findings This paper has implications for accounting studies, showing how marketing and communications managers entering the field of performance management can take the lead in social media management by collecting information from social media, constructing indicators and gaining ground in several decision-making centres. The findings highlight the role of new artefacts and organisational roles, whose purpose is to build a digital community. This process involves crossing the boundaries between internal functions and the inside and outside environment, with a driving phenomenon becoming visible: hybridisation. Faced with this change, reluctant accountants with a traditional mindset are more likely to observe the process at a distance, focusing more on their routine operations based on conventional data. Originality/value This paper shows that information derived from social media is already a reality that has gained significance through the construction of boundary objects. The paper highlights a driving phenomenon that is emerging in the surge to occupy the organisational terrain for controlling social media: that of hybridisation. The concept of hybridisation is not new in management accounting studies, but in this study can be applied to carrying out a joint analysis on both the boundary objects and their organisational trajectory. In the context of social media accounting, hybridisation is of central importance if both actors and objects are to be effectively positioned at its boundary.
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Abraham, Olubukola Grace, Chinyere Constance Nwokeocha et Julius Olaoye Faluyi. « Heritability Paterns of Some Agro-Botanical Characters Related to Yield and Drought Tolerance in Two Landraces of Rice ». Botanica 26, no 2 (1 décembre 2020) : 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2020-0016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractTwo landraces of rice, AWGUII-04 and IJ-124, were characterised and assessed for phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and modes of inheritance of some primary yield and drought-tolerance traits. The target traits for yield were a percentage of filled spikelets, plant form, tillering, and for drought tolerance, leaf rolling, ratooning and maturity. This study was carried out to help both breeders and farmers make a wise choice when carrying out hybridisation and on the field. Hybridisation produced three F1 hybrids that were advanced to F2 generation. Quantitative and qualitative vegetative and reproductive data were taken from each F2 population. The results obtained showed high heritability (62–100%) in all the thirty-eight vegetative and reproductive traits. The genetic advance was high (> 20%) in all the target traits except for leaf rolling. The traits segregated in the following ratio: plant growth form – 9:6:1; the percentage of filled spikelets – 13:3; ratooning – 3:1; maturity – 15:1; the number of tillers – 15:1 and leaf rolling – 15:1. The high heritability of the above traits makes them highly dependable for rice crop improvement.
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Hickie, Ian, Andrew Lloyd, Gavin Dixon, Denis Wakefield, Glenda Halliday, Deborah McRitchie, Elizabeth Scott et Philip Mitchell. « Utilising Molecular Biological and Histopathological Techniques to Study the Dopaminergic System in Patients with Melancholia ». Australian & ; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no 1 (février 1997) : 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073796.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective:To describe the rationale for investigating the dopaminergic system in patients with melancholia by applying molecular biological (notably, in situ hybridisation) and histopathological techniques in postmortem brain tissue. Method:Relevant advances in the functional neuroanatomy of frontostriatal circuits, as well as insights from clinical neuroimaging studies in primary and secondary depressive disorders, are presented. These are integrated with developments in the pharmacological and molecular characteristics of dopamine receptor subtypes and recognition of their selective anatomical distribution. Results:Converging data from the basic and clinical neurosciences suggest that the pathophysiology of depressive disorders characterised by psychomotor phenomena, such as melancholia, may involve dysregulation of dopaminergic mechanisms within complex frontostriatal circuits. Conclusions:The key feature of in situ hybridisation is its capacity to test for variations in the functional components of designated biochemical systems within highly specific anatomical regions. We utilise this approach, in combination with relevant histopathological techniques, to test the structural and functional integrity of the dopaminergic system within key fronto-striatal circuits in patients who had exhibited psychomotor phenomena. The same approach can also be used to study the integrity of other relevant biochemical systems, such as the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, in patients with other mood disorders.
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MATOS, JOSY Z., ANA JUAN, JONÁS C. AGULLÓ et MANUEL B. CRESPO. « Morphological features, nuclear microsatellites and plastid haplotypes reveal hybridisation processes between two sympatric Vriesea species in Brazil (Bromeliaceae) ». Phytotaxa 261, no 1 (16 mai 2016) : 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.1.2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Natural hybridisation is considered a common fact among species of Bromeliaceae. We here report natural hybridisation between two sympatric Vriesea species, V. incurvata and V. carinata, in the Atlantic Forest of Santa Catarina (southern Brazil), one of the main remnants of the Mata Atlântica forest. Morphological and genetic data were obtained from both parental species and the putative hybrid, individuals of the latter being found to be intermediate between those of the parents. The main differential characters of the nothospecies were the width of the inflorescence and the rachis, length and width of the stigma, and the length of anthers. Moreover, plastid markers and nuclear microsatellites were analysed and we found that the hybrid plants shared genetic information with both parental species, although they showed an overall higher genetic similarity with V. carinata. As a conclusion, the hybrid status of the intermediate plants is accepted and therefore the new nothospecies V. × brueggemannii is described. To date, the presence of the hybrids is restricted to regeneration sites, a fact that points out to the need for preservation of the secondary vegetation as an effective tool for conservation of biodiversity.
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Cursino, Marina S., Lana Harriott, Benjamin L. Allen, Matthew Gentle et Luke K. P. Leung. « Do female dingo–dog hybrids breed like dingoes or dogs ? » Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no 2 (2017) : 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo17005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Hybridisation between animals that breed once (e.g. dingoes) and twice (e.g. domestic dogs) annually may produce offspring that breed either way. This question was investigated by determining the breeding seasonality of female dingo–dog hybrids in south-east Queensland, Australia, through evaluating macroscopic and histological features of 71 female reproductive tracts. All animals were sourced from urban areas where levels of hybridisation are generally high. Most animals trapped in summer were pups less than 6 months of age. A peak of uterus diameter and weight coincided with a peak of corpus luteum in winter. The follicular phase was characterised by growing follicles, ~1–3 mm wide, in late summer and autumn. Only two of the animals (1.4%) showed out-of-season reproductive cycles: one was found with corpus luteum in summer and another in autumn. Our data clearly show that hybrids have a single annual breeding season in winter, exhibiting the same breeding seasonality as dingoes. Our findings are similar to those found in the New Guinea singing dog. Future studies should be conducted to understand and exploit the mechanism and drivers of the breeding seasonality of dingo–dog hybrids to develop more effective management of their populations.