Thèses : « DBS »

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Rahm, Erhard. « Mehrrechner-Datenbanksysteme : Verteilte und Parallele DBS ». Universität Leipzig, 2002. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32201.

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Behandelt werden - Anforderungen an Mehrrechner-DBS - Klassifikation - Verteilte und Parallele DBS - Katalogverwaltung, Namensverwaltung, Schemaarchitektur - Datenallokation in VDBS und PDBS - Verteilte und parallele Anfrageverarbeitung - Transaktionsverwaltung: Deadlock-Behandlung, Commit-Protokolle - Replizierte Datenbanken - Shared-Disk-DBS

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Monier, Pierre. « DBS multi-variables pour des problèmes de coordination multi-agents ». Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716275.

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Le formalisme CSP (Problème de Satisfaction de Contraintes) permet de représenter de nombreux problèmes de manière simple et efficace. Cependant, une partie de ces problèmes ne peut être résolue de manière classique et centralisée. Les causes peuvent être diverses : temps de rapatriement des données prohibitif, sécurité des données non garantie, etc. Les CSP Distribués(DisCSP), domaine intersectant celui des SMA et des CSP, permettent de modéliser et de résoudre ces problèmes naturellement distribués. Les raisonnements intra-agent et inter-agents sont alors basés sur un ensemble de relations entre différentes variables. Les agents interagissent afin de construire une solution globale à partir des solutions locales. Nous proposons, dans ce travail, un algorithme de résolution de DisCSP nommé Distributed Backtracking with Sessions (DBS) permettant de résoudre des DisCSP où chaque agent dispose d'un problème local complexe. DBS a la particularité de ne pas utiliser de nogoods comme la majorité des algorithmes de résolution de DisCSP mais d'utiliser à la place des sessions. Ces sessions sont des nombres permettant d'attribuer un contexte à chaque agent ainsi qu'à chaque message échangé durant la résolution du problème. Il s'agit d'un algorithme complet permettant l'utilisation de filtres sur les messages échangés sans remettre en cause la preuvede complétude. Notre proposition est évaluée, dans les cas mono-variable et multi-variables par agents, sur différents benchmarks classiques (les problèmes de coloration de graphes distribués et les DisCSP aléatoires) ainsi que sur un problème d'exploration en environnement inconnu.

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Braun, Maria. « Einfluss der intraoperativen Sedierung auf den klinischen Effekt der tiefen Hirnstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus bei Patienten mit idiopatischem Parkinson-Syndrom ». Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-74125.

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Ziel: Diese retrospektive Analyse sollte die Besserung nach tiefer Hirnstimulation in Abhängigkeit der verwendeten Medikamente zur Sedierung während der Elektrodenplatzierung vergleichen. Einführung: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) stellt eine effektive Therapieoption für Patienten mit fortgeschrittenem Morbus Parkinson dar. Sowohl die intraoperative Aktivität der subcortikalen Neurone als auch die intraoperative klinische Testung ist wichtig, um die exakte Elektrodenplatzierung zu kontrollieren. Beides könnte durch die Gabe von Sedativa, die intraoperativ zur Gewährleistung des Patientenkomforts und zur Optimierung der Operationsbedingungen verabreicht werden, beeinflußt werden. Material und Methoden: Wir analysierten retrospektiv die Daten von 47 Patienten, die Elektroden zur DBS implantiert bekamen. 7 Patienten erhielten während des Eingriffes keinerlei sedierende Medikation, 40 Patienten wurden Sedativa und/oder Analgetika verabreicht.( Propofol allein: n=13, Propofol und Remifentanyl: n=9, Propofol und Alfentanil: n=1, Remifentanil allein: n=13, Alfentanil und Midazolam: n=4) Ergebnisse: Es ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den 5 Patientengruppen bezüglich der Besserung der Parkinson Symptome, gemessen an Hand der Unified Parkinson`s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III) oder der Reduktion der Parkinson Medikamentendosis, analysiert als Levodopa Äquivalent Units (LEU). Untersuchten wir die Daten der Patienten, die Propofol während der Platzierung erhielten, zeigte sich ein signifikant schlechteres Ergebnis sowohl determiniert in der UPDRS III als auch in der LEU, verglichen mit den Patienten, die kein Propofol erhielten. Bei Einteilung der Patienten in Gruppen, die ein Opioid während der Platzierung erhielten, und Patienten die kein Opioid erhielten fielen keine signifikanten Unterschiede auf. Ergebnisse: Diese Daten könnten ein erster Hinweis sein, Propofol vorsichtig bei der Platzierung der Elektroden zur tiefen Hirnstimulation einzusetzen. Ein möglicher negativer Effekt des Propofols auf den klinischen Effekt der tiefen Hirnstimulation des Nucleus subthalamicus sollte aber in prospektiven Studien analysiert werden.

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West, Bryan Jason. « Chronoamperometric study of conformational relaxation in PPy(DBS) ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8333.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering & Dept. of Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Frässdorf, Wenke. « Rheologische und morphologische Charakterisierung von DBS-Netzwerkstrukturen in unterschiedlichen Polymermatrizes ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/volltexte/822.

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Laird, Daniel T. « ADAPTIVE SIGNAL DEGRADATION INDICATION (SDI) FOR DIVERSITY BRANCH SELECTION (DBS) ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605568.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
One of several methods currently under investigation to increase telemetry efficiency is channel diversity selection. A spatial technique we are exploring exploits a signal quality indicator of phase demodulation to select ‘competing’ telemetry channels sourced by antenna separated by fractional wavelengths. The Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) program, a Centralized Test and Evaluation Improvement Program (CTEIP) research project funded by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), recently investigated three switching criteria for a multiple antenna system. This paper will discuss an algorithm that controls channel selection, or diversity branch selection (DBS), using a combination of the techniques investigated.

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Svensson, Malin, et Pauline Jolly. « Självskattad funktion av röst och tal hos patienter med essentiell tremor efter behandling med Deep Brain Stimulation : En jämförelse mellan patienter stimulerade i caudala zona incerta och en frisk kontrollgrupp ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-98035.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) i nucleus ventralis intermedius i thalamus (VIM) eller caudala zona incerta (cZi) ger goda effekter på tremorsymptomen för patienter med essentiell tremor. Patienterna som behandlats med DBS kan få bieffekter som i vissa fall leder till talpåverkan, så kallad stimuleringsinducerad dysartri. Huruvida det finns risk för bieffekter som drabbar röstens funktion hos patienter med essentiell tremor saknas studier kring men man vet att grundsjukdomen kan påverka rösten akustiskt samt att vissa patienter utvecklar rösttremor. Att drabbas av en bieffekt efter DBS kan ha en inverkan på hur patienten subjektivt upplever resultatet av behandlingen. Mål: Att undersöka om patienter med essentiell tremor som genomgått DBS subjektivt upplever någon form av röst- eller talbesvär jämfört med en frisk, ålders- och könsmatchad kontrollgrupp. Metod: I studien deltog sammanlagt 42 deltagare varav 21 tillhörde en patientgrupp med essentiell tremor som genomgått DBS i cZi och de övriga 21 tillhörde en frisk, ålders- och könsmatchad kontrollgrupp. Deltagarna i de båda grupperna fick fylla i två formulär, RHI som berör röstens funktion och SOFT som berör talets funktion. Deltagarna som tillhörde patientgruppen fick också svara på fem fördjupande frågor om deras subjektiva upplevelse. Den statistiska signifikanstestningen genomfördes med avseende på om det fanns en skillnad i självskattningen mellan de båda grupperna. Resultat: Resultaten i denna studie visade att patienterna med essentiell tremor s0m är behandlade med DBS skattar en signifikant större del subjektiva svårigheter av sin egen röst- och talfunktion jämfört med den friska kontrollgruppen. Slutsats: Resultaten visade att det på gruppnivå finns signifikant större andel upplevda svårigheter relaterade till tal- och röstfunktionen hos patienter med essentiell tremor behandlade med DBS jämfört med en frisk kontrollgrupp. Resultaten visar även en stor individuell variation av den subjektiva upplevelsen av tal och röstpåverkan vilket är viktig information att delge patienter som ska genomgå DBS. Ett preoperativt samtal med logoped för information om möjliga bieffekter vid DBS och hur detta kan påverka patienten subjektivt är nödvändigt. De patienter som subjektivt upplever besvär med talet eller rösten bör erbjudas kontakt med logoped.
Abstract Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of ventralis intermedius nucleus of thalamus (VIM) or caudala zona incerta (cZi) have been shown to be efficient in supressing tremor symptoms in patients with essential tremor. Patients who has been treated with DBS may acquire certain side effects of which in some cases results in an impact on the patients speech, known as stimulation- induced dysarthria. There is a lack of studies that investigate if there is a risk of side effects that is affecting voice functioning in patients with essential tremor. Previous studies have claimed that the disease itself may have an effect on the voice acoustics and that some patients develop voice tremor. The occurrence of a side effect caused by DBS may have an impact on the patients subjective experience of the treatment result. Aim: To investigate whether patients with essential tremor treated with DBS are subjectively experiencing any form of voice or speech disability compared to a healthy, age and sex matched control group. Method: The study included 42 participants all together whereof 21 was part of a patient group with essential tremor treated with DBS in cZi and the other 21 participants was part of a healthy, age and sex matched control group. The participants of both groups filled out two different forms, VHI (RHI) which affects voice function and SOFT which affects speech function. The participants in the patient group also answered five profound questions about their subjective experience. The test of statistical significance was performed with regard of if a difference was to be found in the self-ratings between the two groups. Results: The results of the study show that patients with essential tremor whom have been treated with DBS rates a significantly greater amount of subjective difficulties related to the voice and speech functioning compared to the healthy control group. Conclusion: The results show that the DBS-treated patients with essential tremor experience a significantly greater amount of subjective difficulties related to voice and speech functioning compared to a healthy control group. The results also show a great individual variety in the subjective experience of speech and voice function which is important information to notify patients who are due to undergo DBS-treatment. A preoperative meeting with a speech and language pathologist to be informed of possible side effects caused by the DBS and in what ways this can effect the patient subjectively is required. Patients who postoperatively experience a negative effect on speech or voice functioning should be offered contact with a speech and language pathologist.
Tal- och rösteffekter av djup hjärnstimulering hos patienter med ärftlig tremor

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Aslam, Adam Joshua. « EEG Characterization During Motor Tasks That Are Difficult for Movement Disorder Patients ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1822.

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Movement disorders are a group of syndromes that often arise due to neurological abnormalities. Approximately 40 million Americans are affected by some form of movement disorder, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life and their ability to live independently. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is one treatment that has shown promising results in the past couple decades, however, the currently used open-loop system has several drawbacks. By implementing a closed-loop or adaptive DBS (aDBS) system, the need for expensive parameter reprogramming sessions would be reduced, side-effects may be relieved, and habituation could be avoided. Several biomarkers, for example signals or activity derived from electroencephalogram (EEG), could potentially be used as a feedback source for aDBS. Here, we attempted to characterize cortical EEG potentials in healthy subjects performing six tasks that are difficult for those with movement disorders. Using a 32-channel EEG cap with an amplifier sampling at 500 Hz, we performed our protocol on 11 college-aged volunteers lacking any known movement disorder. For each task, we analyzed task-related power (TRP) changes, spectrograms, and topographical maps. In a finger movement exercise, we found task-related depression (TRD) in the delta band at the F4 electrode, as well as TRD at the C3 electrode in the alpha band during a pencil-pickup task, and TRD at the F3 electrode in the beta band during voluntary swallowing. While delta-ERD in the finger movement exercise was likely due to ocular artifact, the other significant results were in line with what relevant literature would predict. The findings from the work, in conjunction with a future study involving movement disorder patients, can provide insight into the use of EEG as a feedback source for aDBS. Keywords: EEG, electroencephalography, neurostimulation, deep brain stimulation, movement disorders, closed-loop DBS, adaptive DBS, aDBS

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Kania, Dramane. « Développement d’outils et de stratégies pour le diagnostic et le suivi biologique des infections VIH, VHB et VHC dans les pays à ressources limitées ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T017/document.

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Le diagnostic et le suivi des infections par le VIH, VHB et VHC restent un défi dans les pays à faibles ressources qui sont par ailleurs les plus touchés. Il est urgent de pouvoir disposer d'outils de biologie simples, fiables et peu chers pour le contrôle de ces infections virales. Le défi est immense d'un point de vue clinique et politique de santé. L'objectif de ce travail de recherche effectué dans le cadre de la présente thèse est de développer et valider des stratégies et de nouveaux outils de biologie adaptés au diagnostic et au suivi des hépatites virales et de l'infection VIH dans les pays à ressources limitées. Dans un premier temps, nous avons investigué sur les résultats de sérologie VIH discordants, car en biologie et en pratique clinique, il est important d'établir le statut sérologique réel des personnes dépistées avec des résultats clairs pour une prise de décision adéquate à l'échelle individuelle. Dans ce travail, nous avons trouvé que les résultats discordants par l'algorithme de dépistage des femmes enceintes au Burkina Faso, étaient dans 94% des cas de faux positifs dus au test Determine™ HIV-1/2 et 4% de faux négatifs liés au test Genie II™ HIV-1/HIV-2. En matière de santé publique, les femmes présentant ce type de résultat peuvent être considérées comme séronégatives dans les centres où des investigations supplémentaires ne sont pas possibles, surtout dans les pays comme le Burkina Faso où la prévalence de l'infection est basse avec une faible diversité génétique. Dans un second temps, nous avons focalisé nos travaux sur la faisabilité d'une stratégie de dépistage qui combine la détection des trois infections (VIH, VHB et VHC) sur une seule carte DBS. Dans cette étude pilote, nous avons démontré que le DBS collecté en parallèle au test rapide VIH dans un centre de dépistage volontaire permet d'une part de faire la confirmation du VIH par immunoblot, et d'autre part de compléter par le diagnostic des hépatites B et C par ELISA suivi de western blot et PCR pour la confirmation pour le VHC. Cette stratégie peut servir de modèle pour promouvoir et vulgariser le dépistage des hépatites virales B et C dans les pays à ressources limitées. Le DBS peut servir de contrôle et de confirmation du diagnostic du VIH, VHB et VHC. Par la suite, nous avons évalué la performance de deux tests de 4ème génération immunoluminométriques (Elecsys® HIV Combi PT assay, Roche Diagnostics et Liaison® XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag test, DiaSorin) sur des échantillons séchés sur papier filtre en comparaison au test de diagnostic rapide et aux échantillons de sérum frais prélevés chez les patients en primo-infection VIH. Ces travaux ont clairement montré que les deux tests de 4ème génération réalisés sur papier filtre offrent de bonnes performances dans le diagnostic de la primo-infection par rapport aux tests de diagnostic rapide sur sérum frais. Cette méthode peut être utilisée pour détecter précocement le VIH chez les personnes difficiles à atteindre et les populations vivant dans des zones périphériques des pays à ressources limitées. Enfin, nous avons mis au point une technique de PCR en temps réel de détection et de quantification de l'ADN du VHB. A cet effet, nous sommes partis de deux PCR « maison » ciblant deux régions génomiques différentes (gène X pour la qPCR 1 et gène S pour la qPCR 2) en comparaison à un test commercial de charge virale (Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HBV Test, version 2.0, Roche Diagnostics). La qPCR 2 avec un seuil de détection à 91 UI/ml (vs 104 UI/ml pour la qPCR 1) a montré une meilleure performance dans la quantification de l'ADN du VHB. Cette qPCR 2 peu chère est aujourd'hui produite sous forme de kit par une start-up appelée OMUNIS. Ce kit en développement fera l'objet d'une évaluation multicentrique en France, en Afrique et en Asie du Sud-Est à travers un réseau de laboratoires sous la promotion de l'ANRS
Diagnosis and management of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections are a real challenge in middle and low-income countries. There is an urgent need for simple, reliable and inexpensive tools to control these infections in high prevalence sittings like Africa and Asia. The challenge is immense in clinical and public health policy hands. The main goal of this research work performed for our PhD is the development and validation of strategies and tools to diagnose and monitor HIV, HBV and HCV infections in resource-constrained countries. At a first step, we investigated the results of HIV discordant results, since it is important to establish the real HIV status of people tested with clear results for appropriate decision-making in biological and clinical practice. This work show that discordant results obtained in the algorithm of HIV screening among pregnant women in Burkina Faso, are false positive results in 94% of cases due to the Determine™ HIV-1/2 immunochromatographic test and false negative results in 4% of cases due to the Genie II ™ HIV-1 / HIV-2 test. In public health practice, women with this type of result can be considered as negative for HIV testing in centers where additional investigations are not possible, especially in countries like Burkina Faso with a low incidence and a low genetic diversity of HIV.In a second step, we focused our work on the feasibility of a screening strategy that detects HIV, HBV and HCV infections into a single card of DBS. In this pilot study, we demonstrated that DBS collected in parallel to HIV rapid testing in a voluntary counseling and testing center allows HIV confirmation using immunoblotting, and an additional testing by diagnosing HBV and HCV using ELISA followed by immunoblotting and PCR for HCV confirmation. This strategy can serve as a model to promote and scale-up the screening of HBV and HCV in resource-limited countries. DBS can be served as control and confirmation of HIV, HBV and HCV diagnosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of two 4th generation chemiluminescent immunoassays (Elecsys HIV Combi PT assay, Roche Diagnostics and Liaison XL Murex HIV Ab/Ag test, DiaSorin) tested on filter paper samples in comparison to rapid diagnostic test and fresh serum samples from patients with acute HIV infection. These studies have clearly shown that the two 4th generation tests performed on filter paper offer good performance in terms of sensitivity for the diagnosis of HIV infection in its early phases compared with rapid diagnostic tests. This approach may be used in combination with HIV rapid tests in hard-to-reach individuals and populations living in remote areas of when an early HIV infection is suspected since rapid tests do not offer appropriate performance in this case.Finally, we developed a real-time PCR for HBV DNA detection and quantification. In this study, we evaluated two in-house PCR targeting two different regions of HBV genome (X gene for qPCR 1 and S gene for qPCR 2) in comparison with a commercial Roche HBV DNA test (Cobas AmpliPrep / Cobas TaqMan HBV Test, version 2.0, Roche Diagnostics) as a gold standard. The qPCR 2 with a low detection limit of 91 IU/ml (vs 104 IU/ml for 1 qPCR) showed a better performance in HBV DNA quantification. This inexpensive qPCR with best performance characteristics is producing by a start-up called OMUNIS. This kit will be evaluated in France, in Africa and in South and East Asia in a research study funded by ANRS (France REcherche Nord & sud Sida-hiv Hépatites)

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Keita, Abdelaye. « Prise en charge de l’infection par HIV-1 dans les pays en développement : aspects diagnostiques et évaluation immuno-virologique de l’efficacité thérapeutique dans le sang et les compartiments muqueux ». Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES061/document.

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A l’ère de l’objectif cible « 90-90-90 » de l’ONUSIDA de réduction de la pandémie liée à HIV, il est important d’évaluer régulièrement la cascade de prise en charge des personnes vivant avec le virus HIV afin d’en vérifier l’avancement et d’identifier d’éventuels obstacles à sa réalisation. Pour cela nous avons étudié tout d’abord efficacité du traitement antirétroviral (TAR) dans le sang de personnes nouvellement dépistées séropositives à Bamako (Mali). Dans un deuxième travail nous avons évalué la faisabilité des tests de charge virale et de résistance génotypique aux antirétroviraux à partir de sang total séché sur un support de type buvard (DBS). La troisième partie de nos travaux était consacrée à des aspects plus physiopathologiques avec l’évaluation du traitement sur les réservoirs salivaires et génitaux (patients de Bamako) et sur le microbiote vaginal, ainsi que l’étude du profil de résistance des souches archivées dans l’ADN cellulaire de biopsies rectales. Nous avons tout d’abord observé un taux important de perdus de vue à un an dans la cohorte de Bamako (environ 45%). Nous avons également constaté un taux élevé de résistance primaire aux ARV à Bamako et au Tchad (>15%). De manière rassurante, le succès virologique au bout de 1 an chez les personnes traitées était d’environ 90% ce qui correspond à l’objectif de l’ONUSIDA (3ème 90) et un faible niveau de mutations acquises a été observé chez ces personnes adhérentes au traitement. Nous avons démontré l’efficacité du TAR sur le compartiment salivaire et constaté une compartimentation du virus au niveau cervico-vaginal chez certaines femmes traitées (27%) présentant une excrétion virale au niveau vaginal avec une charge virale plasmatique indétectable et/ou des séquences génétiques différentes sur le gène pol entre le virus isolé dans la muqueuse et celui provenant du sang. De plus, une dysbiose était observée avant la mise sous traitement, avec normalisation de la flore sous TAR efficace. En ce qui concerne le travail sur les biopsies rectales, des profils similaires ont été observés entre la souche plasmatique majoritaire au moment de la mise sous TAR et celle archivée dans le rectum 1 à 5 ans après traitement. En conclusion, nos travaux apportent des informations nouvelles sur le déroulement des différentes étapes de la prise en charge de l’infection par HIV dans les pays en développement : tout d’abord une faible adhésion au traitement ce qui peut constituer un obstacle majeur à la réalisation du plan 90/90/90 ; une forte prévalence de la résistance primaire qui plaident en faveur de l’accessibilité aux différentes classes d’antirétroviraux et de leur utilisation rationnelle, de l’utilisation généralisée en routine des tests de charge virale et du développement d’un réseau de surveillance de la résistance aux ARV dans les pays à ressources limitées ; des données d’efficacité de traitement sur les réservoirs muqueux mettant en évidence l’existence d’une dysbiose et d’une compartimentation du virus au niveau génital ce qui pose le problème du risque résiduel de transmission chez certaines personnes, même sous ARV
Regularly assess to UNAIDS cascade 90-90-90 is important to check the progress and identify any obstacles to its implementation. For this we first studied efficacy of antiretroviral treatment (ART) in the blood of newly diagnosed HIV-positive in Bamako (Mali).In a second work we evaluated the feasibility of viral load and genotypic resistance tests from dried blood spot (DBS). The third part of our work is dedicated to pathophysiological aspects with evaluation of treatment on salivary and genital reservoirs (Bamako patients) and on the vaginal microbiota, as well as the study of the resistance profile of the strains archived in cellular DNA of rectal biopsies. We observed a high rate of lost to follow-up at one year in the Bamako cohort (45%). We also found a high rate of ART primary resistance in Bamako and Chad (> 15%). Reassuringly, the virological success after 1 year of treated follow was about 90% in these adherents. We also demonstrated the efficacy of ART in the salivary compartment and found a compartmentalization of the virus at the cervico-vaginal level in some women under ART. In addition, a dysbiosis was observed before ART, and a normal flora under effective ART. Similar profiles were observed on the main strain isolated in blood at the time of diagnosis and on the archived strain in the rectum after 1 to 5 years of ART.In conclusion, our work provides new information on the progress of the treatment stages of HIV infection in developing countries: low adherence to treatment which can constitute a major obstacle to achieve the plan 90/90/90; a high prevalence of primary resistance advocating accessibility and rational use of different classes of antiretrovirals drugs, widespread routine use of viral load tests and the development of ARVs resistance surveillance network in resource-limited countries; treatment efficacy data on mucosal reservoirs revealing the existence of genital dysbiosis and viral compartmentalization, which raises the problem of the residual risk of transmission in some people, even under ARVs

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Motevakel, Amir. « Artifacts handling and DBS electrodes localization in the CT/MRI brain images ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-216985.

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In the DBS surgical treatment the location of the electrodes has direct influence on the success rate of treatment. Considering the fact that MRI imaging is not compatible with metal, post-operative CT images should be used to locate the electrodes on pre-operative MRI images which contain information about soft tissues. It is impossible to locate them directly since the area around the electrodes on the CT image has been corrupted due to the blockage of x-ray by them. This work attempts to precisely estimate the position of the DBS electrodes inside the brain by means of images gathered from the CT-scanner and MRI device. In order to do this, all types of possible CT artifacts and the physics behind has been carefully studied and a state of the art research on MAR techniques has been performed. Apart from hardware MAR techniques and also methods which are applicable only by having the model of the gantry (Cylindrical scanner assembly) and raw data, after the formation of the image it is not possible to completely recover all lost intensity levels without exposing the result to the risk of secondary artifact as well as electrode dislocation which might be minor yet critical for this application. Considering the latter, a novel technique named junction method developed. Instead of eliminating the artifacts, the method takes advantage of them, considering the fact that they are signatures of the electrodes. To achieve this, first the brain extracted from the whole image by defining a brain mask. Later the edges are intensified by applying a Gaussian convolution followed by a second measure of the second derivative of the image along all directions. Next all lines are detected by the Hough transform and after filterations the intersections of interest are specified. In the second part of this project, state of the art research on multi-modality medical image registration techniques was carried out. Advantages and disadvantages of each method in relation to this specific case were studied. Registration technique selection could not be done without investigation of all types of discrepancies which might exist between two image modalities; therefore discrepancies are being discussed. Nonrigid Affine registration algorithm suggested along with logarithmic contrast enhancement and Gaussian smoothening as preprocessing steps, based on experiences performed on an available image set. The mutual information, an information-theoretic criterion used as the measure of registration with the help of calculation of a joint histogram of the two modalities. All the algorithms starting from CT images to MRI images are implemented in Matlab software and the resulting image shows a close matching.

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Pan, Song. « On demand DBS for Parkinson's Disease : tremor prediction using artificial neural networks ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.567590.

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In this thesis results are presented which relate to using artificial neural networks to predict the onset of Parkinson's disease tremors in human subjects. Data for the networks was obtained from implanted deep brain electrodes in human subjects. A tuned artificial neural network was shown to be able to identify the pattern of the onset tremor from these real time recordings. Parkinson's disease (PO) is one disease in a group of conditions called movement disorders. One of the primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease is tremor, and in the extreme case, the patient can suffer loss of physical movement. There are two major types of treatment for PO currently available, namely chemical treatment (Levodopa) and surgical implants (Deep Brain Stimulation). Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been widely accepted as an efficient treatment for PO over the past decade. Despite the high cost of surgical operation, deep brain stimulation has become a widely accepted alternative choice (if not the only) to medical treatment such as Levodopa for patients. In this work, number of methods have been applied on exploring the possibility of determining PO tremor onset from patient's brain signal, in particular using combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) and advanced signal processing algorithms. The result of this work could eventually lead to design a deep brain stimulation device with the ability to react on different brain activities, for example, start stimulation just before Parkinson's disease tremor onset. The benefits of such smart device are pre-Iong DBS battery life and reduce stimulation interference on normal brain functions.

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Cavallieri, Francesco. « STUDIO SULL'ASSOCIAZIONE TRA SINTOMI ASSIALI, ALTERAZIONI COGNITIVE, VARIABILI CLINICO-STRUMENTALI DELLA FUNZIONE MOTORIA E DEPOSIZIONE DI BETA-AMILOIDE CEREBRALE IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA MALATTIA DI PARKINSON SOTTOPOSTI AD INTERVENTO DI STIMOLAZIONE CEREBRALE PROFONDA DEL NUCLEO SUBTALAMICO ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278341.

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Introduzione La stimolazione cerebrale profonda del nucleo subtalamico (STN-DBS) rappresenta un trattamento efficace a lungo termine nella malattia di Parkinson (MP) in fase avanzata. La STN-DBS consente un miglioramento duraturo di complicanze motorie, tremore e rigidità tuttavia con un effetto ridotto sui sintomi assiali (disturbi del cammino, dell'equilibrio, dell’eloquio e della deglutizione) e declino cognitivo, che rappresentano le principali cause di disabilità a lungo termine. Molti studi hanno analizzato i sintomi assiali nella MP con un approccio strumentale focalizzato unicamente su alterazioni del cammino o dell’eloquio. Dati anatomopatologici hanno confermato che la neurodegenerazione delle vie dopaminergiche centrali, considerata il segno distintivo del MP, è accompagnata da un coinvolgimento di altre vie neurotrasmettitoriali (colinergiche, serotoninergiche). Il coinvolgimento prevalente del sistema colinergico si assocerebbe ad un fenotipo clinico "colinergico" dominato da sintomi assiali, alterazioni cognitive e deposizione di amiloide-β (Aβ) cerebrale. Obiettivi - Confrontare l'efficacia della STN-DBS e della levodopa sui sintomi assiali in una coorte di pazienti affetti da MP sottoposti a STN-DBS bilaterale. - Valutare la correlazione tra sintomi assiali, alterazioni cognitive e deposizione di Aβ cerebrale. - Valutare l'evoluzione dei sintomi assiali nel tempo. - Valutare l'influenza della localizzazione anatomica del contatto attivo STN-DBS sui sintomi assiali. Metodi Sono stati raccolti retrospettivamente dati clinici e strumentali di 30 pazienti con MP sottoposti ad STN-DBS bilaterale da gennaio 2012 a dicembre 2018. Ogni paziente è stato rivalutato da tre a sette anni dopo l'intervento: i sintomi assiali sono stati studiati con un approccio clinico-strumentale standardizzato analizzando contemporaneamente i parametri di eloquio, cammino e posturali. La gravità di malattia è stata valutata con la Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Ogni paziente è stato studiato in diverse condizioni di stimolazione e farmaco: condizioni preoperatorie off-farmaco e on-farmaco; condizioni postoperatorie on-stimolazione/off-farmaco, off-stimolazione/off-farmaco e on-stimolazione/on-farmaco (single e dual-task). Ogni paziente è stato sottoposto ad una valutazione neuropsicologica e una tomografia a emissione di positroni (PET) con [18F]flutemetamolo. La posizione anatomica del contatto attivo sarà calcolata fondendo la tomografia computerizzata postoperatoria con la risonanza magnetica preoperatoria attraverso un software dedicato. Risultati 25 pazienti sono stati reclutati da settembre 2019 a ottobre 2021. Confrontando le tre condizioni postoperatorie, sia la sola stimolazione che la combinazione di stimolazione e levodopa hanno portato a un miglioramento dei punteggi motori e del cammino. Sia la stimolazione che la levodopa hanno avuto un effetto eterogeneo sull’eloquio. Sette pazienti sono stati sottoposti a PET con [18F] flutemetamolo e solo in uno di essi è stata rilevata la deposizione di Aβ cerebrale. La valutazione neuropsicologica è stata eseguita in 13 pazienti: in 8 di essi è stato riscontrato un netto peggioramento della funzione cognitiva rispetto al preoperatorio mentre nei restanti 5 pazienti la valutazione è risultata paragonabile alla valutazione preoperatoria. Conclusioni Anche se parte di un'analisi preliminare, i dati raccolti evidenziano come l’STN-DBS possa migliorare i punteggi motori ed i parametri del cammino a lungo termine dopo l'intervento, con effetti eterogenei sui parametri dell’eloquio. Il peggioramento cognitivo è risultato variabile all'interno del gruppo. Sono necessari ulteriori dati per la valutazione della possibile correlazione tra deposizione di Aβ cerebrale e alterazioni assiali e cognitive.
Background Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) represents a long-term effective treatment in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). STN-DBS allows a stable improvement of motor complications, tremor and rigidity with a less relevant effect on axial symptoms (i.e. gait and balance symptoms, speech and swallowing troubles) and cognitive decline, which are the main causes of long-term disability. Many studies have analysed axial symptoms in PD patients with an instrumental approach focusing only on gait and postural alterations or speech disturbances. The very few studies that have instrumentally assessed the whole spectrum of axial symptoms in PD have showed the presence of similarities between spatial-temporal gait and speech parameters. Anatomopathological data have confirmed that the neurodegeneration of central dopaminergic pathways, considered the hallmark of PD, is accompanied by a contemporary involvement of other neurotransmitter pathways (i.e. cholinergic, serotoninergic). Prevalent involvement of cholinergic system is associated with a clinical “cholinergic” phenotype dominated by axial symptoms, early cognitive deterioration and cerebral Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Objectives - To compare the efficacy of STN-DBS and levodopa on axial symptoms. - To evaluate the correlation between axial symptoms, cognitive alterations and brain Aβ deposition in a cohort of PD patients operated on with bilateral STN-DBS. - To assess the evolution over time of axial symptoms. - To evaluate the influence of anatomical location of the active STN-DBS contact on axial symptoms. Methods Retrospectively clinical and instrumental data from 30 PD patients operated on with bilateral STN-DBS from January 2012 to December 2018 were collected. Each patient has been reevaluated three to seven years after surgery: axial symptoms have been studied applying a standardized clinical-instrumental approach with the contemporary analysis of speech, gait and postural parameters. Disease severity was assessed using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Each patient has been studied in different stimulation and drug conditions: preoperative off-medication and on-medication conditions; postoperative on-stimulation/off-medication, off-stimulation/off-medication and on-stimulation/on-medication conditions (single and dual task). Each patient underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment and a [18F]flutemetamol positron emission tomography (PET). The anatomical location of the active STN-DBS contact will be calculated merging postoperative computed tomography (CT) imaging with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through a dedicated planning software. Results 25 patients were recruited from September 2019 to October 2021. Comparing the three postoperative conditions, both stimulation alone and the combination of stimulation and medications led to an improvement of motor score and gait parameters. Both stimulation and levodopa had an heterogenous effect on speech. Seven patients undergone [18F] flutemetamol PET and only in one of them brain Aβ deposition was detected. The complete neuropsychological assessment was performed in 13 patients: in 8 of them a clear worsening of cognitive function was found compared to the preoperative values while in the remaining five patients the assessment was comparable to the preoperative evaluation. Conclusions Even if in a preliminary analysis, our data highlights that STN-DBS could improve motor scores and gait parameters in the long-term after surgery, with mixed effect on speech parameters. Cognitive worsening was variable within the group. More data are needed for the evaluation of the possible correlation between brain Aβ deposition and axial and cognitive alterations.

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Mash, Kathleen M. « The effect of DBS settings on neuropsychological functioning in patients with Parkinson's disease ». Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1199728007.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2007.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-63). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.

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Mitani, Junko. « The place of DBS in Japan's movement toward the highly advanced information society / ». Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59413.

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This thesis focuses on the development of the Direct Broadcasting Satellite in Japan under its Kodo Johoka Shakai (Highly Advanced Information Society) policy. The field of new media policies is relatively new but very important in communications studies. The development of new media technologies changes into existing media systems, and profoundly influences economies which are increasingly dependent upon information services.
Japan's case is particularly interesting. Relatively little is known about its DBS policy compared to other industrialized countries, even though Japan has already begun to operate DBS under its own version of the "information society", the Kodo Johoka Shakai (Highly Advanced Information Society). The formulation of DBS policy is related to many factors, including space development, research and development, broadcasting, international telecommunications regulations and economic competition both in international and domestic markets. In order to take these factors into consideration, an historical approach and institutional analysis are used in this thesis.

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Mecconi, Alessandro. « Dopamine replacement therapy reduces beta band burst duration in Parkinson’s disease ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknik och hälsa (STH), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-215055.

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One of the main characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) is an exaggerated oscillatory activity in the beta band (12-30 Hz). This activity has been linked to the rise of symptoms such as bradykinesia and akinesia. Even if dopamine replacement therapy (oral intake of dopamine pro-drug levodopa) reverses these symptoms, the effect of the treatment on the beta band activity has still not been completely understood. Therefore, here the temporal dynamics of beta band activity in human patients affected by PD were characterized with and without levodopa treatment. Local-field-potential (LFP) recordings from five patients undergoing dopamine replacement therapy were used. From the LFPs, the extracted beta epochs with significantly higher power than expected from a comparable noisy signal were analyzed. This analysis showed that beta band activity occurred in bursts meaning that high amplitude oscillation alternated with silenced periods. The pathological state also distinguished itself for longer epochs and with power that increased with the length of the epoch. The administration of levodopa reduced the duration of bursts and decreased the overall mean power of the beta band activity. Finally, epochs with the same number of cycles were compared. The Coefficient of Variation prior such epochs suggested that the ongoing activity might lock into a synchronization process prior the burst. These results provide important information to better understand how levodopa alleviates some of the symptoms of PD and pave the way to develop better computational models for the emergence of beta oscillations.

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Njap, Felix [Verfasser]. « Computational modeling approaches of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson's Disease (PD) / Felix Njap ». Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1033200107/34.

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Taieb, Fabien. « Accès à la charge virale pour les patients infectés par le VIH sous traitement antiretroviral, en zone décentralisée des pays à niveau de ressources faible ou modéré ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT041/document.

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Sur le plan mondial, le nombre de patients infectés par le VIH (PVVIH) sous traitement antirétroviral (TARV) est en constante augmentation. Les pays aux ressources limitées (PRL) sont les plus touchés par l’épidémie et de fortes inégalités existent ce malgré des objectifs ambitieux fixés par les Nations Unies en 2015 (90-90-90). Le suivi biologique nécessaire des patients sous TARV est connu et les avantages de la mesure de la charge virale (CV) sont bien établis en termes de détection précoce de l'échec thérapeutique, de détection de la non-observance au TARV et de prévention de l’accumulation de résistances. Cependant, dans les PRL et notamment en zone décentralisée, l’accès à la mesure de la CV reste très restreint. Les obstacles sont divers : difficulté d’accès pour les patients à un laboratoire en capacité d’effectuer cette mesure, manque en ressources humaines et matérielles. L’utilisation des Dried Blood Spot (DBS) comme support de prélèvement permet de surmonter ces barrières notamment du fait de sa simplicité, de l’absence de nécessité de chaine de froid et de l’utilisation des machines existantes.L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer et d’évaluer une stratégie afin d’améliorer le suivi virologique des PVVIH sous TARV issus de zones décentralisées de PRL en montrant la faisabilité et la validité d’un système de collecte de DBS afin de donner accès à la mesure de la CV aux patients suivis dans des centres non dotés des machines couteuses et de la logistique nécessaire à la réalisation de celle-ci. Une méta-analyse sur le contrôle virologique en Afrique Sub-saharienne a mis en évidence un taux de succès virologique en « intention de traiter » de 65.4% [61.8_69.1] et de 56.8% [51.3-62.4] à respectivement 12 et 24 mois de TARV ainsi qu’une proportion de succès significativement plus élevée rapportées dans les essais cliniques comparativement à ceux issus des cohortes. Ensuite, plusieurs projets ont été menés afin d’obtenir des résultats dans des conditions de vie réelle dans deux zones géographiques différentes: le Cameroun et le Vietnam. Au Cameroun, une étude menée dans 12 sites décentralisés a permis d’évaluer 2215 patients dont 937 ont été évalués virologiquement. Cette étude a montré un faible taux de rétention avec 63.3%, 53.5% et 39.9% à respectivement 12, 24 et 36 mois de l’initiation du TARV. Le taux de suppression virologique était très bas avec 66.6%, 62.7% et 59.8% à respectivement 12, 24 et 36 mois de TARV. Le profil des résistances virales analysé chez les patients ayant une CV>5000 cp/mL a montré une accumulation importante des résistances virales, s’aggravant au cours du temps et hypothéquant les options. Au Vietnam, deux études incluant 198 et 203 patients, ont été menées afin d’évaluer les performances de la mesure de la CV sur DBS comparativement au plasma. Trois techniques de mesure de la CV issues de deux industriels ont été évaluées. Une sensibilité de 93.3% [81.7–98.6], 90.1% [80.7-95.9] et 54.9% [40.3–68.9] a été trouvé avec respectivement l’ancien et le nouveau protocole fournis par Abbott et le nouveau protocole fourni par Roche (FVE). La spécificité retrouvé a été respectivement de 94.8% [90.0–97.7], 96.2% [91.4-98.8] et 100% [97.5–100]. Ainsi, à travers ces travaux nous avons montré que l’utilisation des DBS est faisable, immédiatement disponible et d’un niveau de performance acceptable. Elle permet d’apporter des données précieuses tant au niveau individuel, collectif que programmatique. L’utilisation des DBS devrait être intégrée à la stratégie d’expansion de l’accès à la CV. Le suivi virologique des patients est un enjeu de Santé Publique majeur dans un contexte d’utilisation en 1ère ligne de TARV de molécules à barrière génétique faible à la résistance, d’augmentation des résistances transmises et acquises et d’un taux d’incidence encore élevé de l’infection
Worldwide, the number of HIV-infected patients (PLWHA) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is growing steadily. Low- and Middle-Incomes Countries (LMICs) are the most affected and strong inequalities still exist despite ambitious goals set by the United Nations in 2015 (90-90-90). The required biological monitoring of patients on ART is well known and the benefits of viral load (VL) measurement are well established, in terms of early detection of treatment failure, detection of non-adherence to ART and prevention of resistance accumulation. However, in LMICs and especially in decentralized areas, access to VL measurement remains scarce or unavailable. Barriers are various: difficulty for patients to reach a laboratory able to perform this measurement, lack of human and material resources. The use of Dried Blood Spot (DBS) as a sampling carrier allows to overcome these barriers, in particular because of its simplicity, the lack of the necessity of a cold chain and the use of existing machines. This PhD work aims at proposing and improving virological monitoring of PLWHA on ART living in decentralized areas of LMICs by demonstrating the feasibility and validity of a DBS collection system to provide access to VL measurement for patients followed in centres not equipped with costly machines and the logistics for its realization.A meta-analysis on virological success in Sub-Saharan Africa was conducted. This work showed a virological success rate in "intention to treat" analysis of 65.4%[61.8-69.1] and 56.8%[51.3-62.4] at 12 and 24 months of ART respectively, and a significantly higher proportion of success reported in clinical trials compared to cohorts. Then, several projects were conducted to obtain results in real life conditions in two different settings: Cameroon and Vietnam. In Cameroon, a study conducted in 12 decentralized sites evaluated 2215 PLWHA on ART, 937 of whom were virologically evaluated. This study showed a low retention rate with 63.3%, 53.5% and 39.9% at 12, 24 and 36 months after ART initiation, respectively. Virological suppression rate was also low with 66.6%, 62.7% and 59.8% at 12, 24 and 36 months of ART, respectively. Profiles of HIV Drug Resistance (HIVDR) in patients with VL>5000 cp/mL showed a significant accumulation of viral resistance, worsening over time and hypothecating therapeutic options. In Vietnam, two studies, involving 198 and 203 patients, were conducted to evaluate performance of VL measurement on DBS compared to plasma. Three VL techniques from two manufacturers were evaluated. Sensitivities of 93.3% [81.7-98.6], 90.1% [80.7-95.9] and 54.9% [40.3-68.9] were found with the old and optimized protocol provided by Abbott company and the new protocol provided by Roche company (FVE), respectively. Specificities were 94.8% [90.0-97.7], 96.2% [91.4-98.8] and 100% [97.5-100], respectively. Through this work, we showed that the use of DBS is feasible, immediately available and with an acceptable level of performance. It provides valuable data at the individual, collective and programmatic levels. The use of DBS should be integrated into the strategy of expanding access to VL. Virological monitoring of patients is a major public health challenge in a context of use in first line ART of molecules with a low genetic barrier to HIVDR, an increase of transmitted and acquired HIVDR and a persistently high incidence of infection

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Kile, Kara Buehrer. « Control and Analysis of Seizure Activity in a Sodium Channel Mutation Model of Epilepsy ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228514396.

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Rellinger, Benjamin Addison. « INVESTIGATION OF NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL MODELS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228516649.

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Al, Ajia Moaz [Verfasser]. « The effect of GPi-DBS on automatic and controlled movement in dystonia / Moaz Al Ajia ». Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241540624/34.

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Kumbhare, Deepak. « 3D FUNCTIONAL MODELING OF DBS EFFICACY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL TOOLS TO EXPLORE FUNCTIONAL STN ». VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2531.

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Introduction: Exploring the brain for optimal locations for deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy is a challenging task, which can be facilitated by analysis of DBS efficacy in a large number of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores indicate the DBS efficacy of the corresponding stimulation location in a particular patient. The spatial distribution of these clinical scores can be used to construct a functional model which closely models the expected efficacy of stimulation in the region. Designs and Methods: In this study, different interpolation techniques were investigated that can appropriately model the DBS efficacy for Parkinson’s disease patients. These techniques are linear triangulation based interpolation, ‘roving window’ interpolation and ‘Monopolar inverse weighted distance’ (MIDW) interpolation. The MIDW interpolation technique is developed on the basis of electric field geometry of the monopolar DBS stimulation electrodes, based on the DBS model of monopolar cathodic stimulation of brain tissues. Each of these models was evaluated for their predictability, interpolation accuracy, as well as other benefits and limitations. The bootstrapping based optimization method was proposed to minimize the observational and patient variability in the collected database. A simulation study was performed to validate that the statistically optimized interpolated models were capable to produce reliable efficacy contour plots and reduced false effect due to outliers. Some additional visualization and analysis tools including a graphic user interface (GUI) were also developed for better understanding of the scenario. Results: The interpolation performance of the MIDW interpolation, the linear triangulation method and Roving window method was evaluated as interpolation error as 0.0903, 0.1219 and0.3006 respectively. Degree of prediction for the above methods was found to be 0.0822, 0.2986 and 0.0367 respectively. The simulation study demonstrate that the mean improvement in outlier handling and increased reliability after bootstrapping based optimization (performed on Linear triangulation interpolation method) is 6.192% and 12.8775% respectively. The different interpolation techniques used to model monopolar and bipolar stimulation data is found to be useful to study the corresponding efficacy distribution. A user friendly GUI (PDRP_GUI) and other utility tools are developed. Conclusion: Our investigation demonstrated that the MIDW and linear triangulation methods provided better degree of prediction, whereas the MIDW interpolation with appropriate configuration provided better interpolation accuracy. The simulation study suggests that the bootstrapping-based optimization can be used as an efficient tool to reduce outlier effects and increase interpolated reliability of the functional model of DBS efficacy. Additionally, the differential interpolation techniques used for monopolar and bipolar stimulation modeling facilitate study of overall DBS efficacy using the entire dataset.

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Kang, Il-Bong. « An empirical study of influences of foreign based DBS services on attitudes of Korean adolescents ». Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1997. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1997.
Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2712. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves 2-3. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-94).

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Rahm, Erhard. « Implementierung von Datenbanksystemen 1 ». Universität Leipzig, 2002. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32203.

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1. Architektur von DBS: Schichtenmodelle 2. E/A-Architekturen und Speicherhierarchien - Speichertechnologien - Disk-Arrays - Nutzung nicht-flüchtiger Halbleiterspeicher 3. Speicher- und Seitenzuordnung - Dateikonzept - Update-in-Place - Schattenspeicherkonzept 4. DBS-Pufferverwaltung - Nutzung von Lokalität - Speicherzuordnung - Ersetzungsverfahren

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Rahm, Erhard. « Datenbanksysteme 2 : Vorlesungsskript Sommersemester 1999 ». Universität Leipzig, 1999. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32205.

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1. Klassen und Einsatzfelder von DBS - Anforderungen neuartiger DB-Anwendungen (CAD etc.) - Beschränkungen des Relationemodells - Datenmodelle: Semantische DM, Objektorientierte DBS, Objektrelationale DBS, Deduktive DBS - Anwendungsfelder: Information-Retrieval, Multimedia-DBS, GIS, Decision Support / Data Warehouses 2. Grundkonzepte von objektorientierten DBS - Grundlagen und Konzepte - Struktureigenschaften - Objektorientierte Verarbeitung 3. ODMG-Standard - Kooperation in heterogenen Umgebungen (CORBA-Standard) - Objektmodell - Objektdefinition (ODL) - Anfragesprache (OQL) 4. Beispielrealisierungen von OODBS - NF² - GemStone - O2

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Sosna, Dieter. « Lese- und Übungsbuch Datenbanken : Die Relationsalgebra ». Universität Leipzig, 2008. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32209.

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Arjomandi, Gholamreza. « Direct broadcasting satellite (DBS) policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran : popular, religious and state discourse ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30578.

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The new communication technology and its implications on national and international relations has been one of the key debates during the last two decades. This received a new impetus with the emergence of Direct Broadcasting Satellite (DBS) together with the convergence of electronic information processing, data bank and telecommunication networks in a single system known as telematic. The DBS system has received increasing attention since it offers a wide range of choice to people. However, in many countries it is also suspected of ravaging culture and sovereignty, while undermining national broadcasting. This sentiment is not shared by all societies and governments, since some believe it has also enhanced freedom and democracy. The penetration of DBS in Iran began since 1993, when people in the capital and other major cities began to receive images transmitted by dozens of foreign broadcasters. Within a short period of time, satellite became one of the most focal points of interest of the Iranian people and continued alongside the installation of satellite dishes. In April 1994, the state fired the first volley as a warning to the viewers and demonstrated that the period of tolerance was over. This reaction deeply involved government, Majles (Parliament), press and people in an intensive course of satellite discourse followed by fuqaha (pl. Faqih - jurisconsultant in Islamic law) intervention. Here, each group of participants branched out and took different stances; some appeared in favour, while others stood against foreign satellites. Accordingly, the Islamic Republic of Iran passed a bill which prohibited the reception of satellite signals. However, at the same time it put forward a project for developing national radio and television. In this study, the introduction, penetration and the impact of DBS on the Iranian media sphere, particularly on the broadcasting system, within the context of globalisation, will be discussed. It will also focus on the responses of the Islamic Republic to DBS, by looking at their perspectives and the measures they have taken since the popularisation of DBS in Iran from 1993 until 1997.

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Ziebro, Thomas R. « In vivo PPy(DBS) sensors to quantify excitability of cells via sodium fluctuations in extracellular solution ». The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492031927557033.

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Dong, Le [Verfasser]. « Effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on microglia phenotype in rodent model of psychiatric disorder / Le Dong ». Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102933392/34.

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Wikström, Matilda, et Julia Andersson. « Precision och stabilitet vid klusilexplosionen hos patienter med Parkinsons sjukdom : En jämförelse mellan effekten av Deep Brain Stimulation i kaudala zona incerta (cZi) respektive nucleus subthalamicus (STN) ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64015.

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Bakgrund: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) i nucleus subthalamicus (STN) och i kaudala zona incerta (cZi) har visat positiva effekter på motoriska symtom (rörelseförmåga och balans) vid Parkinsons sjukdom. Efter DBS har dock negativa taleffekter noterats, inklusive nedsatt artikulatorisk precision och stabilitet. Nedsatt artikulatorisk precisionoch stabilitet påverkar klusilproduktionen mest vilket kan resultera i att klusilexplosionen uteblir eller att multipla explosioner uppstår. Mål: Att undersöka artikulatorisk precision och stabilitet vid klusilexplosionen efter DBS i STN respektive cZi. Metod: I studien deltog 19 patienter varav 9 deltagare stimulerats i STN och 10 deltagare i cZi. Talinspelningar gjordes innan operation och ett år efter operation med DBSstimulering på och av. Klusilerna i talmaterialet delades in i tre kategorier, de med en klusilexplosion, de med två eller flera klusilexplosioner samt de utan klusilexplosion. Hypotesprövning gjordes gällande fördelningen av klusiler med multipla explosioner samt klusiler utan explosion mellan och inom patientgrupperna samt inom respektive klusil. Resultat: Multipla explosioner ökade hos cZi-patienterna och minskade hos STNpatienterna. Klusiler som saknade explosion ökade hos STN-patienterna medan de minskade hos cZi-patienterna. För båda patientgrupperna ökade multipla explosioner och klusiler utan explosion då stimuleringen var på jämfört med av. Skillnaderna mellan och inom grupperna var inte signifikanta. Slutsats: Artikulatorisk precision och stabilitet påverkades efter DBS i form av bristande stabilitet, för kort slutningsrörelse och felaktig koordination av slutningsrörelsen. Detta resulterade i multipla explosioner och uteblivna explosioner med olika effekter för elektrodlokalisationerna.
Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Subthalamicus Nucleus (STN) and Caudala zona incerta (cZi) have shown positive effects on motor symptoms in Parkinson‘s disease. Negative effects on speech after DBS has been noted including reduced articulatory precision. Reduced articulatory precision and stability affects the production of stop consonants and as a result, loss of burst or multiple burst can occur. Aim: To investigate articulatory precision and stability regarding the burst in stop consonants after DBS of STN or cZi. Method: The study included 19 patients with 9 patients stimulated in STN and 10 patientsin cZi. Speech recordings were made before surgery and one year after with stimulation ON and OFF. The stop consonants were divided into three categories, those with one burst, those with two or more bursts (multiple burst) and those with loss of burst. Hypothesis testing was done on the categorization of the stop consonants in and between the groups and between the stop consonants types. Results: Multiple burst increased in the cZi group and decreased in the STN group. Stop consonants with loss of burst increased in the STN group but decreased in the cZi group. For both groups multiple burst and stop consonants with loss of burst increased with stimulation on. The differences between and within the groups were not significant. Conclusion: Articulatory precision and stability were affected by DBS with decreased stability, shortened occlusion and incorrect coordination. As a result multiple burst and loss of burst occurred in both groups.
Speech, voice and swallowing outcomes after deep brain stimulation of the zona incerta and the pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson’s disease: Comparsion with stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus

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Mohamed, Sofiane. « Recherche de mutations induisant des résistances aux antiviraux chez des patients atteints du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1, du virus de l'hépatite B et de l'hépatite C ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5000/document.

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Les tests de laboratoire basés sur des techniques de biologie moléculaire sont des outils inestimables pour le suivi des patients, en particulier dans le cadre de l’infectiologie. Dans ce contexte clinique, ils peuvent permettre d’établir un diagnostic, un pronostic ainsi que de déterminer la stratégie thérapeutique antivirale la plus adaptée. Les virus hautement variables tel que le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH), de l’hépatite B (VHB) et de l’hépatite C (VHC) sont présents sous forme de quasi-espèces au sein de leur environnement réplicatif. Lorsque des pressions de sélection s’exercent telle que l’administration d’un antiviral, une redistribution des variants majoritaires est fréquemment observée en variants mutés pour mieux s’adapter à cet environnement. Nos travaux ont permis, dans ce contexte, de valider l’impact clinique des mutations majoritaires mais aussi minoritaires grâce à la mise en œuvre de plusieurs techniques de séquençage (pyroséquençage, séquençage à haut débit et PCR en allèle spécifique). Nous avons également validé l’utilisation d’un logiciel simple, fiable et utilisable en routine par le clinicien pour l’interprétation clinique de la masse de données générées par le séquençage à haut débit. Enfin dans le contexte du test diagnostique, nous avons cliniquement validé sur une cohorte de patients infectés par le VHB, l’utilisation du papier buvard (Dried Blood Spot) comme support de prélèvement alternatif non invasif de diagnostic, en particulier pour les populations n’ayant pas accès aux structures classiques de soins et pour les pays en voie de développement
Molecular biology based assays are invaluable tools for the patients follow-up. They can help to establish the prognosis, guide for the treatment decisions and assess the virological response to therapy. Highly variable viruses like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which have a quasispecies distribution. Selection pressure on viral replicative environment such as an antiviral drug treatment, generally lead to a redistribution of the viral quasispecies with an increasing of the best adapted viral mutant. Our work allowed in this context to validate the clinical impact of majority but also minority mutations through the implementation of several sequencing techniques (pyrosequencing, high-throughput sequencing and allele-specific PCR). We also validated the use of a simple, reliable and routinely software solution by clinician for clinical interpretation of the mass of data generated by high-throughput sequencing. Finally, in the context of the diagnostic testing, we clinically validated in a cohort of patients infected with HBV, use the Dried Blood Spot technique as a supporting noninvasive diagnostic alternative sampling, especially for populations that have no access to conventional health structures and developing countries

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Petersson, Marcus. « Computational Modeling of Deep Brain Stimulation ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9512.

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical treatment technique, which involves application of electrical pulses via electrodes inserted into the brain. Neurons, typically located in the basal ganglia network, are stimulated by the electrical field. DBS is currently widely used for symptomatically treating Parkinson’s disease patients and could potentially be used for a number of neurological diseases. In this study, computational modeling was used to simulate the electrical activity of neurons being affected by the electrical field, to gain better understanding of the mechanisms of DBS. The spatial and temporal distribution of the electrical field was coupled to a cable model representing a human myelinated axon. A passing fiber with ends infinitely far away was simulated. Results show that excitation threshold is highly dependent on the diameter of the fiber and the influence (threshold-distance and threshold-diameter relations) can be controlled to some extent, using charge-balanced biphasic pulses.

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Prado, Eric A. « Measuring Biomarkers From Dried Blood Spots Utilizing Bead-based Multiplex Technology ». Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699876/.

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Dried blood spots is an alternative method to collect blood samples from research subjects. However, little is known about how hemoglobin and hematocrit affect bead-based multiplex assay performance. The purpose of this study was to determine how bead-based multiplex assays perform when analyzing dried blood spot samples. A series of four experiments outline the study each with a specific purpose. A total of 167 subject samples were collected and 92 different biomarkers were measured. Median fluorescence intensity results show a positive correlation between filtered and non-filtered samples. Utilizing a smaller quantity of sample results in a positive correlation to a larger sample. Removal of hemoglobin from the dried blood spot sample does not increase detection or concentration of biomarkers. Of the 92 different biomarkers measured 56 were detectable in 100-75% of the attempted samples. We conclude that blood biomarkers can be detected using bead-based multiplex assays. In addition, it is possible to utilize a smaller quantity of sample while avoiding the use of the entire sample, and maintaining a correlation to the total sample. While our method of hemoglobin was efficient it also removed the biomarkers we wished to analyze. Thus, an alternative method is necessary to determine if removing hemoglobin increases concentration of biomarkers. More research is necessary to determine if the biomarkers measured in this study can be measured over time or within an experimental model.

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Hagenvald, Elin, et Ella Frilund. « Djup hjärnstimulering i kaudala zona incerta : Hur talförståeligheten påverkas hos patienter med Essentiell tremor ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-137727.

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Björkesten, Johan. « Development and evaluation of procedures and reagents for extraction of proteins from dried blood spots for analysis using Proseek ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-219292.

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A method for extraction of proteins from dried blood spots (DBS) for analysis using Proseek is developed and evaluated. DBS, as sample format, possesses a number of desirable advantages over for example plasma samples. These advantages include for example minimal patient invasiveness, sampling simplicity and non regulated sample transportation. Highly reproducible quantitative detection of 92 proteins is demonstrated from a 1.2 mm in diameter DBS disk. The DBS inter spot analysis precision (7% coefficient of variance) is comparable to plasma inter assay precision (6% coefficient of variance). Coefficient of variance is the ratio between standard deviation to mean value for the analysed replicates. Proseek analysis of DBS could possibly reveal a unique opportunity to examine health related issues in extremely premature infants hopefully resulting in increased survival rates in the future.

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Sosna, Dieter. « Lese- und Übungsbuch Datenbanken : E/R- und Relationenmodell ». Universität Leipzig, 2008. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32208.

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Rahm, Erhard. « Hochleistungs-Transaktionssysteme : Konzepte und Entwicklungen moderner Datenbankarchitekturen ». Vieweg-Verlag, 1993. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32232.

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Das Buch richtet sich an Informatiker in Studium, Lehre, Forschung und Entwicklung, die an neueren Entwicklungen im Bereich von Transaktions- und Datenbanksystemen interessiert sind. Es entspricht einer überarbeiteten Version meiner im Februar 1993 vom Fachbereich Informatik der Universität Kaiserslautern angenommenen Habilitationsschrift. Neben der Präsentation neuer Forschungsergebnisse erfolgen eine breite Einführung in die Thematik sowie überblicksartige Behandlung verschiedener Realisierungsansätze, wobei auf eine möglichst allgemeinverständliche Darstellung Wert gelegt wurde. Der Text wurde durchgehend mit Marginalien versehen, welche den Aufbau der Kapitel zusätzlich verdeutlichen und eine schnelle Lokalisierung bestimmter Inhalte unterstützen sollen.

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Lin, Chia-Hua. « A Microfabricated Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1244061398.

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Werner, Lucas. « Sex-differences in reported adverse side-effects caused by Deep Brain Stimulation therapy in the subthalamic nucleus ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445646.

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Parkinson’s disease is a common neurological disease which will progressively damagedopaminergic neurons in the brain. Later stages of the disease will result in death of theneurons. The diagnosis is often made with respect to the motor symptoms, which includetremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity. In addition to motor symptoms, non-motor symptomsappear in many patients, such as cognitive changes and mood disorders. One method used totreat Parkinson’s disease is deep brain stimulation, where electric pulses are emitted to aspecific brain area. A common target is the subthalamic nucleus, which is part of the basalganglia. By using deep brain stimulation, the dose of other medications for Parkinson’sdisease can be lowered. However, the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation are not yetentirely known, and there have been many reports of adverse side-effects caused by thismethod, including depression and other types of mood changes. Even so, information of apossible sex distribution of these side-effects is still limited. Here, a qualitative essay wasmade where 16 articles describing reported side-effects in men and women were compared. Inaddition, unpublished data from optogenetic studies on male and female mice were analysedin order to examine putative sex-differences upon experimental brain stimulation strategies.The results from the optogenetics results did not show any statistically significant sexdifferences.In contrast, by comparing the selected articles in which results of deep brainstimulation treatment in patients were reported, some differences were found. First, it seemsthat women report more depressive-like symptoms than men. Second, while men also reportdepressions, they also report more aggressive behaviour upon the treatment. A preliminaryconclusion of this essay is therefore that certain sex-differences can be observed among theadverse side-effects reported upon deep brain stimulation in Parkinson´s disease. However,since the studied material was limited, more research is required to make firmer conclusions.

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Johansson, Louise, et Sofia Möller. « Effekter på talförståelighet som en följd av djup hjärnstimulering i caudala zona incerta vid Parkinsons sjukdom ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-64163.

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Bakgrund. Parkinsons sjukdom (PS) behandlas bland annat med djup hjärnstimulering (DBS). Ett relativt outforskat område för stimulering är caudala zona incerta (cZi). Man har med denna metod sett förbättringar när det gäller rörelsehindrande symtom men viss försämring av talet har påvisats. Syfte. Denna studie syftade till att undersöka om cZi-DBS vid PS påverkar talförståeligheten samt om förståeligheten av talet påverkas vid tillagt bakgrundsljud. Metod. Talmaterial med lästa ord från 10 patienter med PS, pre- och postoperativt samlades in. Dessa ord spelades upp för 32 lyssnare från allmänheten som ortografiskt transkriberade dessa. På en del av talmaterialet lades ett bakgrundsljud till som kan liknas vid ett bibliotek. Lyssnarnas transkriptioner poängsattes och statistiska beräkningar genomfördes. Resultat. Totalpoängen var signifikant lägre med påslagen stimulering jämfört med avslagen stimulering, oavsett bakgrundsljud. I blocket utan bakgrundsljud fanns även signifikanta skillnader som visade lägre totalpoäng när stimuleringen var påslagen jämfört med innan operation. Resultaten var genomgående signifikant lägre vid tillagt bakgrundsljud jämfört med utan. Slutsatser. Det har skett en försämring av talförståelighet vid stimulering av cZi. Dessa fynd är värdefulla för all vårdpersonal som jobbar med personer som har PS och de som ska genomgå/har genomgått cZi-DBS. Det är viktigt att hitta en balans mellan förbättrad motorisk förmåga och försämrad talförståelighet för att varje individ ska uppnå en så bra livskvalitet som möjligt.

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Lindström, Lena. « Deep Brain Stimulation Improves Brain Efficiency in Essential Tremor Patients ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136866.

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The movement disorder essential tremor can be treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS), where electric current is delivered to deep brain structures through permanently implanted electrodes. In this study, brain activity during working memory performance was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging in thirteen essential tremor patients with DBS in caudal Zona incerta, a diencephalic nucleus. With active stimulation less exertion of certain working memory areas was required to achieve the same level of performance in a manipulation and a maintenance-type working memory task. At the same time, a relatively higher activation was reached for the more demanding manipulation task. These results indicate that DBS can make the brains of tremor patients more efficient in working memory tasks, in accordance with the “efficiency hypothesis” proposed by Nyberg et al. (2014).
Rörelsestörningen essentiell tremor kan behandlas med djup hjärnstimulering (DBS), vid vilken elektrisk ström tillförs djupa hjärnstrukturer genom permanent inopererade elektroder. I den här studien mättes hjärnaktivering under arbetsminnesbelastning med funktionell magnetresonans-tomografi hos tretton essentiell tremor-patienter med DBS i kaudala Zona incerta, en kärna i mellanhjärnan. Med stimuleringen påslagen krävdes en lägre hjärnaktivering i arbetsminnes-relaterade områden för att nå samma resultat i två arbetsminnesuppgifter där den enda krävde manipulation och den andra enbart kvarhållande av information. Samtidigt kunde en relativt sett högre aktiveringsnivå uppnås för den mer krävande manipulationsuppgiften. De här resultaten tyder på att DBS kan göra tremorpatienters hjärna mer effektiv i arbetsminnesuppgifter, i enlighet med den “effektivitetshypotes” som lagts fram av Nyberg m fl (2014).

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Lundgren, Fanny, et Johanna Qvist. « Deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and caudal zona incerta in patients with Parkinson’s disease : A perceptual study of effects on articulatory precision ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71179.

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Abstract Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a viable surgical treatment method for Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has positive effects on the classical motor symptoms, but effects on speech and voice are not equally beneficial. The speech disorder related to PD is hypokinetic dysarthria, with impaired articulatory precision as a prominent symptom. Studies have shown effects on different aspects of speech due to DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) but the effects of stimulation of the caudal zona incerta (cZi) are less explored. Aims The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of STN-DBS and cZi-DBS on perceptually measured articulatory precision in PD patients. Method Read speech productions were collected from 19 DBS-treated PD patients, ten STN and nine cZi. The recordings were made before surgery and 12 months postoperatively with stimulator on and off. Levodopa medication was always on. From the reading passage, three-syllable words were selected and isolated. Articulatory precision of the words was rated in two different assessments; an overall rating of articulatory precision and an identification of occurring misarticulations. Results The results from the perceptual assessment showed a decrease in articulatory precision after surgery for both groups. The decrease was significant for the cZi group, but not for the STN group. There was no significant difference between the groups. The frequency of observed misarticulations increased as an effect of DBS for both patient groups, with significant increase for the STN group but not for the cZi group. There was no significant difference between the groups. The most commonly observed misarticulation categories were stop-plosive reduced in quality, fricative realized as other fricative and stop-plosive realized as fricative . Conclusions The results obtained in the current study show that STN-DBS and cZi-DBS may have adverse effects on articulatory precision in PD patients. Keywords Articulatory precision, Parkinson’s disease, DBS, STN, cZi

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Roy, Sayantan. « Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Sorbitol Non-Covalent Interactions : Effects on the Reinforement of Isotactic Polypropylene Spun Fibers ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1322493823.

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Klopper, Audrey. « Die effek van 'n multimedia digitale boekskryfprogram (DBS) op die lees-, spel- en wiskundige vaardigehde van leerders in die grondslagfase / Audrey Klopper ». Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2312.

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Freire, Larissa Nogueira. « Achados longitudinais da performance cognitiva de pacientes com doença de Parkinson : tratamento medicamentoso versus submetidos à cirurgia de DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157674.

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Blume, Josefine Andrea [Verfasser], et Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Bogdahn. « Can intraoperative clinical testing predict the effects of the permanent DBS electrode in the subthalamic nucleus ? / Josefine Andrea Blume ; Betreuer : Ulrich Bogdahn ». Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112890277X/34.

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Hery, Travis. « Smart Membrane Separators for Enhanced Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries ». The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556886250674986.

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Santos, Fabiane Caillava dos. « Fatores de risco para alterações cognitivas no pós-operatório de implante DBS-STN na doença de Parkinson : análise de neuroimagem e variaveis clínicas ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179715.

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Atualmente se tem bem estabelecido o tratamento para Doença de Parkinson, dentre eles o DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation). Embora haja controvérsias, muitos estudos têm demonstrado os efeitos adversos do DBS sobre a cognição, humor e comportamento. Assim, este estudo buscou investigar a associação entre os prejuízos cognitivos no pós-operatório e a volumetria cerebral em pacientes parkinsonianos submetidos a DBS, verificando se a correlação entre ambos pode ser considerada fator de risco para os prejuízos encontrados no pós-operatório. Fizeram parte da população estudada 25 indivíduos, 80% do sexo masculino, que foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico de estimulação cerebral profunda (DBS) no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), em Porto Alegre entre 2012 e 2015. Estes sujeitos foram submetidos a uma bateria de testes cognitivos, bem como a testes clínicos e a ressonância magnética computadorizada nos períodos pré e pós-operatório em 6 meses. Os dados foram analisados através de estatísticas descritivas, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e Teste t. Os resultados serão considerados significativos a um nível de significância máximo de 5% (p≤ 0,05) e o software estatístico utilizado para a análise será o SPSS versão 20.0. Quanto aos aspectos cognitivos avaliados, somente a fluência verbal fonêmica mostrou redução significativa entre os períodos pré e pós-operatório (p=0,003). A transfixação dos ventrículos foi associada à perda na fluência verbal semântica (p=0,009) e na memória (p=0,016) no pós-operatório. A presença de lesão na substância branca foi associada ao maior prejuízo na função executiva (p=0,017), fluência verbal semântica (p=0,039) e memória (p=0,050). Conclusão: Os prejuízos na fluência verbal semântica e memória no pós-operatório foram associados à presença de lesão na substância branca e a transfixação dos ventrículos pelo cabo com 6 eletrodos. A perda na função executiva foi associada a presença de lesão na substância branca. Os danos na fluência verbal fonêmica no pós-operatório, embora difiram estatisticamente, não foram associados a quaisquer achados da RM.
Currently, the treatment for Parkinson's Disease has been well established, among them DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation). Although controversial, many studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of DBS on cognition, mood, and behavior. Thus, this study sought to investigate the association between cognitive impairment in the postoperative period and cerebral volume in patients with Parkinson's disease who underwent DBS, and whether the correlation between the two can be considered as a risk factor for the possible postoperative losses. Twenty-five subjects, 80% male, who underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the Hospital de Clínicas in Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, between 2012 and 2015, were submitted to a cognitive battery, as well as clinical trials and computerized magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative and postoperative periods at 6 months. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test. The results will be considered significant at a maximum significance level of 5% (p≤0.05) and the statistical software used for analysis will be SPSS version 20.0. Concerning the cognitive aspects evaluated, only phonemic verbal fluency showed a significant reduction between the pre and postoperative periods (p = 0.003). The transfixation of the ventricles was associated with loss of semantic verbal fluency (p = 0.009) and memory (p = 0.016) in the postoperative period. The presence of lesion in the white matter was associated with greater impairment in executive function (p = 0.017), semantic verbal fluency (p = 0.039) and memory (p = 0.050). Conclusion: The losses in the semantic verbal fluency and memory in the postoperative period were associated with the presence of white matter lesion and the transfixation of the ventricles by the cable with electrodes. The loss of executive function was associated with the presence of injury in the white matter. Damage to phonemic verbal fluency in 8 the postoperative period, although statistically different, was not associated with any MRI findings.

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Cunningham, Dustin T. « Fusion of Multimodal Neuroimaging for Deep Brain Stimulation Studies ». The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337895443.

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Diouara, Abou Abdallah Malick. « Réponse virologique au traitement antirétroviral chez les patients infectés par le VIH-1, suivis en milieux décentralisés en Afrique de l’Ouest (Sénégal, Mali et Guinée Conakry) ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON1T013/document.

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L'une des principales barrières à la prise en charge optimale des patients sous traitement antirétroviral est l'accès limité aux tests de charge virale (CV) et de génotypage particulièrement en milieu décentralisé. Ces tests ne sont généralement disponibles qu'au niveau des structures sanitaires centrales de grandes villes et le plasma en est l'échantillon de référence. Or, son transfert des régions périphériques vers les laboratoires de références est difficile, voire impossible. Pour rapprocher les patients du laboratoire, nous avons démontré la possibilité d'assurer un suivi virologique complet (CV et génotypage) à partir des DBS collectés et acheminés dans des conditions de terrain. Nous avons également pour la première fois, documenté la réponse virologique au traitement antirétroviral et la diversité génétique du VIH-1 chez des patients adultes suivis en milieux décentralisés au Sénégal, au Mali et en Guinée Conakry. Globalement, malgré les défauts d'observance au traitement souligné, les résultats de nos travaux ne montrent pas de différences significatives dans la survenue de l'échec virologique entre patients suivis dans les structures sanitaires centrales et périphériques, ceci quelque soit le pays considéré. Au Sénégal, chez les enfants nés de mères séropositives, la résistance vis à vis des INNTI était plus prépondérante, probablement du fait de l'utilisation systématique de la Névirapine durant la PTME. Par ailleurs, aucune mutation de résistance aux inhibiteurs d'intégrase n'a été observée malgré des taux de résistance élevés chez des patients en échec de première et deuxième ligne de traitement. Nos travaux confirment également une grande diversité génétique des sous-types viraux avec cependant la prédominance du CRF02_AG dans la sous région Ouest Africaine. Ces travaux de thèse mettent en évidence la faisabilité et la pertinence du DBS comme support pour le suivi virologique des patients en milieux décentralisés. Son utilisation a permis de montrer d'autre part des taux d'échecs virologiques élevés indiquant la nécessité de renforcer l'adhérence au traitement. Enfin, nos résultats soulignent l'utilité de prendre davantage en considération les profils de résistance pour initier un traitement de relais
One of the major barriers to the optimal care of patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy is the limited access to viral load (VL) and genotyping tests, especially in remote areas. These technologies are usually available only at central health facilities in larger cities and plasma is the reference sample. However, plasma or whole blood samples shipment from remote areas to reference lab faces several constraints or even impossible. In order to bring closer patients to reference lab, we have demonstrated the ability of DBS (Dried Blood Spots) collected and shipped in field conditions to provide complete virological monitoring (VL and genotyping). We also documented for the first time, virological outcome of ART and HIV-1 genetic diversity in adult patients followed up in decentralized settings in Senegal, Mali and Guinea Conakry. Overall, despite the low treatment adherence noted sometimes, our findings show no significant differences in the occurrence of virological failure among patients followed up in the central and peripheral health facilities, whatever the country. In Senegal, no integrase inhibitors associated DRM has been found despite the high rate of resistance in patients failing first and second-line treatment. Furthermore, among children born to HIV infected mothers, NNRTI-associated drug resistant mutations (DRM) were more predominant, probably because of systematic use of Nevirapine in MTCT. Our studies also confirm the high genetic diversity of viral subtypes, with the dominance of CRF02_AG in West Africa. This work presented here highlights the feasibility and relevance of DBS as support for the virological monitoring of patients in decentralized settings in West Africa. Furthermore, its use showed high rate of virological failure indicating the need to reinforce adherence to treatment. Finally, our results highlight the utility to considering carefully drug resistance patterns before switching to another ART regimen

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