Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Deals – France »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Deals – France"
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Guerrero, Sylvie, and Hélène Challiol Jeanblanc. "Networking and development idiosyncratic deals." Career Development International 22, no. 7 (2017): 816–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-01-2017-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of development idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) from an organizational politics and a situationist perspective. The paper tests a moderated mediation model in which networking skills is indirectly related to development i-deal in a context of high hierarchical plateau. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the research model with a sample of 252 engineers, 88 percent male, who work in an economically wealthy region of France and who are thus well positioned to negotiate development i-deals. Findings The authors lead analyses with the Preacher et al.’s macros on SPSS. Results support the hypotheses. The authors find that support-seeking behaviors partially mediate the relationship between networking skills and development i-deals, and that this relationship is significant only in a context of high plateauing. Originality/value Overall, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of i-deal antecedents by bridging the literatures on i-deals and careers. It also shows that socially skilled employees are able to seek support and in turn, to proactively negotiate development i-deals. This process is a way to cope with perceptions of hierarchical plateau.
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Mitrofanova, O. "Experience and Peculiarities of Reconciliation of Contradictions between Germany and France." Problems of World History, no. 15 (September 14, 2021): 106–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-5.
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The article is devoted to the study of the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France. The positions of the Presidents of France and Chancellors of the Federal Republic of Germany regarding the theoretical foundations and practical steps of the implementation of French-German reconciliation are studied. This paper deals with the problem of Alsace-Lorraine, a region with a border identity, which repeatedly became the cause of Franco-German disputes and passed from one state to another. The role of the individual in overcoming the contradictions between Germany and France is highlighted. The factor of European integration is considered, which not only contributed to the reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France, but also turned the two states into leaders of a united Europe.
 The Elysee Treaty and its implementation were analyzed. The military cooperation between France and Germany is investigated. The problem of historical memory and the desire to reconcile the contradictions between Germany and France are revealed.
 It is proved that the experience and peculiarities of reconciliation of contradictions between Germany and France testify to the fact that the real reconciliation of the two leading states directed their efforts towards a more global goal – the creation of a common Europe. It was concluded that the mechanisms for achieving Franco-German reconciliation are interesting for studying and borrowing, taking into account national characteristics in the reconciliation of other European countries, and regions with borderline identities. The French-German experience may be useful for application in Polish-Ukrainian relations.
 The main conclusion from the analysis of the experience and the peculiarities of reconciling the contradictions between Germany and France is that their implementation led to unexpected and far-reaching consequences that once seemed just a dream. At the beginning of European integration in the 50s of the twentieth century, it was difficult to imagine the contemporary EU with its common currency, the Schengen area, developed economy, social programs. Franco-German reconciliation was transformed into the fruitful work of the Franco-German tandem, on the success of which depends not only the future of France and Germany, but the evolution of the entire united Europe.
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Wassenberg, Birte. "“Return of Mental Borders”: A Diary of COVID-19 Closures between Kehl, Germany, and Strasbourg, France." Borders in Globalization Review 2, no. 1 (2020): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr21202019886.
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This paper retraces the author’s personal experience of the COVID-19 lockdown from March to July 2020 at the Franco-German border from a threefold perspective: that of a cross-border worker living in Kehl, Germany, and working in Strasbourg, France; that of a Franco-German citizen with a family and children of both French and German nationality; and that of a researcher specialized in border studies. The paper deals with national re-bordering policies and their direct personal and psychological consequences for borderlanders, and also questions whether such measures are adequate to contain the pandemic, especially in a context of European Union integration which is based on the principle of a “Europe without borders”.
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Ronsin, Juliette. "“It was Peugeot that brought us here!”." History in flux 2, no. 2 (2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2020.2.3.
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The objective of this article is to analyze the consequences of the political, social, and economic ruptures of Yugoslavia and France on the trajectories of Yugoslavs recruited by the Peugeot company in France after the the 1965 Franco-Yugoslav bilateral agreement on the employment of temporary labor. Using a monographic approach to the case of the employment area of Sochaux, it is clear that (post-)Yugoslav workers went through periods of upheaval and even disillusionment after their arrival in France. This study mainly deals with a generation of men born in the 1940s and 1950s and recruited by Peugeot from 1965 onwards, but also includes other members of the family and the plurality of generations. The history of Yugoslav immigration to France has rarely been the subject of research, although studying it makes it possible to analyze relations between a western country and a communist country and the consequences of the breakup of a country for emigrants living abroad. To do so, this article relies on archival sources (files on foreigners kept in the archives of prefectures, archives of associations, and the Peugeot company’s archives) and on interviews with former workers.
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Iveta Kubasáková, Jaroslava Kubáňová, and Patrícia Kollárová. "The Case Study of International Transport by the Freight Forwarder in France." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 23, no. 4 (2021): A256—A263. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2021.4.a256-a263.
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The article presents an analysis of the freight forwarder and carrier costs on transport in chosen country of Western Europe. Costs of transport point out to several existing problems in this part of Europe. The case study is given that deals about chosen transport in France. The article contains a review of transport routes during 2019, which were performed by an international forwarding company. These sessions were carried out in problematic areas in France. These are the transport of refrigerated and frozen perishable goods. The shipments are realized between logistics centres in France. The high problem is with carriers, with qualifications of their drivers, the number of drivers and seasonality of the goods. The article describes these problems as dependences of the forwarder´s costs on individual transport routes. The article deals about more solutions, which could be used in this part of Europe.
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D'yakovich, Marina. "IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN FRANCE THROUGH IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF HOUSING (CROSS-COUNTRY RESEARCH)." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2020, no. 1 (2020): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2020-1-310-311.
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Veretevskaya, A. V. "Muslims in France: features of the integrated model." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(26) (October 28, 2012): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-5-26-98-102.
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The article deals with an acute problem of integration of Muslim immigrants and their descendants in France. The author follows the problem throughout its history and analyzes its modern status. The article provides thorough analysis of the French Integration Model. The author concludes with a prospect on its use in the future.
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Mahé, Gilles. "Bourdons rares du Parc Naturel Régional du Queyras (Hautes-Alpes, France)." Osmia 2 (2008): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47446/osmia2.7.
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Rare bumblebees of the Queyras Regional Natural Park (Hautes-Alpes, France). - The author, who stayed in the Parc Naturel Régional du Queyras (France) between the 9th and the 17th August 2007, noted the presence of more than twenty species of bumblebees. This paper deals with the most interesting observations about Bombus gerstaeckeri Morawitz, B. inexspectatus (Tkalců), B. brodmannicus Vogt and the copulation of B. mendax Gerstaecker.
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Codaccioni, Vanessa. "States of Exception and Their Targets." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 2 (2020): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8524138.
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Abstract The article deals with the history of state exception in France since the Algerian War. From this point of view, what is happening in France falls into two overlapping genealogies of exception: a colonial genealogy of exceptionalist logics, in which Algeria plays a central part; and a more metropolitan genealogy of political repression that could be traced back to the monarchy. The author thus divides her remarks into three sections. First, she addresses the double genealogy of exception in France; second, the discriminatory character of the exception; and last, the normalization of exception.
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Trump, Dominik. "In margine – Annotationen in der Handschrift Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (2019): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2019-0015.
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Abstract In margine – Annotations in codex Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417. This paper deals with Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 4417, a 9th century manuscript containing quite a few annotations, especially in the margin. Within the text of the Epitome Aegidii, five nota signs clearly indicate a user's special interests. The annotations will be analysed regarding their functions, and it will be emphasized that the reception of a text can be clearly understood based on the evidence in the manuscript itself.
Thèses sur le sujet "Deals – France"
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Cantoni, Roberto. "Oily deals : exploration, diplomacy and security in early Cold War France and Italy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/oily-deals-exploration-diplomacy-and-security-in-early-cold-war-france-and-italy(64fca03b-4a9f-485a-bff1-2a13e3f07905).html.
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Oil is one of the most widespread high-density energy sources in the world: its importance for the military-industrial complex became even more evident in the postwar context. In this framework, establishing the conditions for accessing the world's oil-rich areas became essential for states, not only to provide for their own energy needs, but also to buttress national economic and geostrategic interests, and protect energy security. In addition, regulating the oil flow between countries afforded the ability to influence their operational capabilities. Exploiting oil as a geopolitical weapon was not distinctive of the two global hegemonic powers, but was also employed by less powerful countries, such as France and Italy. My thesis shows how, from the second half of the 1940s, successive Italian and French administrations established agencies for hydrocarbon management, and devised strategies of oil exploration according to their political agendas. Achieving energy autonomy was the main objective of both countries. However, the predominance of Anglo-American interests in both French and Italian oil scenarios led to continuous bilateral diplomatic tensions, especially over issues of exploration rights. Anglo-American governments and companies sought to shape the French and Italian oil scenes to their benefit, also by looking for allies in the political classes of the two countries. It was the outcome of these 'oily deals' that eventually shaped the history of Italian and French oil industries. Conflicting interests were revealed at their fullest during the Algerian war of 1954-62: following the discovery of large oil and gas fields in Algeria, US and Italian companies started to negotiate, first with the French and then the Algerians, their access to, and prospecting rights for Algerian territories. My work shows that negotiation processes involved secret surveillance activities, the establishment of parallel diplomacies, and serious confrontation between Cold War allies. A fundamental role in these deals was played by technocrats and geoscientists, who facilitated the communication of secret data on oilfields to their national authorities. Significant global oil discoveries occurred worldwide in the 1950s, eventually leading to overproduction: an outcome assisted by major progress in geophysical prospecting techniques. France's new role as an oil producer thanks to discoveries in Africa provoked a shift of national interest from exploration to transport. At the same time Italy, after the signing of massive oil-for-technology barter agreements with the Soviet Union, could now dispose of a surplus that needed channelling to potential outlets. For both countries, building pipelines became an essential aspect: however, as both were targeting the West European market, Europe became an arena of bitter competition for pipeline dominance. Italian-Soviet contracts, together with the current level of West European trade with the Soviet Union, prompted an examination of Western security by international organisations. The issue of limiting Soviet oil exports into West European countries was widely debated at the European Community and Nato, as was European technological aid to the Soviet project of constructing a colossal pipeline system. My analysis of the terms of the debates, their development and outcome, reveals the ambiguity of the concepts of security and 'strategic technology' as a ground for decision-making, indicating how these were construed as co-products of negotiations.
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Tirach, Alventosa Pasqual. "Malnominació a la Catalunya Nord : estudi sincrònic dels sobrenoms nord-catalans, testimoniatges lingüístics i culturals." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0304.
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A partir d'un materiel empirique (13 500 surnoms) recueilli oralement sur la zone catalanophone du departement des pyrenees-orientales (220 villages de catalogne-nord) la these suit trois axes: 1) une introduction qui situe le phenomene de la surnomination dans un cadre historique et dans le milieu social de la communaute villageoise. 2) une analyse linguistique detaillee des surnoms (morphologie, syntaxe, phonetique, lexique) qui fait une large place aux contacts des langues et qui tend a demontrer en quelle mesure cette production est un fidele reflet de la realite linguistique locale. 3) une recherche plus symbolique, a partir de la signification des surnoms (semantique) et des anecdoctes recueillies (origine) qui decouvre finalement l'inspiration et les mentalites populaires qui se degagent de ces appellations "extra-legales"<br>The thesis is based on an empirical material (13 500 nicknames) collected orally in the catalan-spoken area of the french department, pyrenees-orientales, also called northern catalonia (220 villages). The present work consists of three main axis: 1. An introduction that presents the nicnaming-phenomenon in a historical framework and in it's social environment, the village community. 2. A detailed linguistic analysis of the nick-names (morphology, syntax, phonetics and lexicon) which treats profoundly the contact between languages and which shows how the nicknames reflect the local, linguistic reality. 3. A more symbolic research, based on the sens of the nicknames (semantics) and the collected anecdotes (origin) which reveals the sources of inspiration and the popular mentalities hidden behind this extra-legal naming
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Mouncer, Bob. "Dealt with on their merits? : the treatment of asylum seekers in the UK and France." Thesis, University of Hull, 2009. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:2678.
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This study examines the treatment of asylum seekers in the UK and France. The need for such a study arises from the apparent contradiction between, on the one hand, the commitment of EU states to give protection to people fleeing persecution (they are all signatories to the 1951 Refugee Convention) and, on the other, the increasingly restrictive policies on asylum adopted by those same states. In order to understand asylum-seeker perspectives I interviewed asylum seekers in the UK, though not in France due to my increasing deafness, and I interviewed stakeholders in both countries who could give me both official and asylum-seeker perspectives. Documentation was provided by asylum seekers and their supporters, NGOs in the field and government sources. I find that the restrictive agenda of the two states has undermined their commitment to the Refugee Convention as they place asylum policy in the context of immigration controls rather than of protection. Consequently, in both countries a discourse develops, laws are made and practices arise which undermine the right to asylum and deny protection to many who need it.
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Sicre, Monique. "La fiscalitat dels treballadors transfronterers entre Espanya i França." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673365.
Texte intégralRésumé :
European Union law provides that persons may move freely for professional reasons
from one Member State to another without suffering any discrimination in relation to
employment, remuneration or other working conditions. However, the effective exercise
of this right entails a number of legal issues. For example, in the tax field, one of the main
problems is that, on the one hand, the State of residence may tax the world income of
the resident taxpayer and, on the other hand, that the State of employment may also tax
the income obtained in its territory by the non-resident, which can produce double
taxation situations. In order to avoid these situations, a first step is to determine which
state should take into account the personal economic situation of the taxpayer. In the
face of this conflicting situation, it is the double taxation conventions that define which
state has tax jurisdiction and which determine the rules for eliminating double taxation.
One of the main sectors where this problem has been significantly increased is crossborder,
given the growth of professional travel of this type in recent years, this being the
main object of this work. This study analyses the different tax treatments applicable to
each employment situation and examines the adequacy of state legislation to the
recommendations of the European Commission. For example, the legal systems of the
Member States take as a criterion for establishing the obligation to pay tax to be
residency and not nationality. However, the High Court of Justice of the European Union
has found on numerous occasions that internal tax regulations were contrary to
Community law.
Specifically, this work, in addition to studying the general rules in relation to the issues
raised, has, as its specific objective, a study of the taxation of cross-border workers
between Spain and France, with respect to income and social protection, during and after
an employment situation, with the aim of identifying the possible discrimination that this
type of worker may suffer<br>El Dret de la Unió Europea preveu que les persones puguin circular lliurement per raons
professionals d’un Estat membre a un altre sense patir cap discriminació en relació amb
l’ocupació, la remuneració o d’altres condicions de treball. Ara bé, l’exercici efectiu
d’aquest dret comporta diverses problemàtiques jurídiques. Per exemple, en l’àmbit
fiscal, un dels principals problemes rau en que, per una part, l’Estat de residència pot
gravar la renda mundial del contribuent resident i, per l’altre, que l’Estat d’ocupació
també pot gravar les rendes obtingudes en el seu territori pel no resident, la qual cosa
pot produir situacions de doble imposició. Per tal d’evitar aquestes situacions, una
primera mesura és determinar quin Estat ha de prendre en consideració la situació
econòmica personal del contribuent. Davant d’aquesta situació conflictiva, són els
Convenis per evitar la doble imposició els que defineixen quin Estat té la competència
impositiva i els que determinen les regles per eliminar la doble imposició.
Un dels principals sectors on aquesta problemàtica s’ha vist notablement incrementada
és el transfronterer, donat el creixement de desplaçaments professionals d’aquesta
tipologia en els últims anys, essent aquest l’objecte principal d’aquest treball. En aquest
estudi es realitza un anàlisi dels diferents tractaments fiscals aplicables a cada situació
laboral i s’examina l’adequació de la legislació dels Estats a les recomanacions de la
Comissió Europea. Així, per exemple, tot i que els ordenaments jurídics dels Estats
membres prenen com a criteri per establir l’obligació de tributar, la residència, i no la
nacionalitat, el Tribunal Superior de Justícia de la Unió Europea ha constatat en
nombroses ocasions que les normatives tributàries internes eren contràries al Dret
comunitari.
En concret, aquest treball, a més d’estudiar les regles generals en relació amb la
problemàtica exposada, té com objectiu específic dur a terme un estudi sobre la fiscalitat
dels treballadors transfronterers entre Espanya i França, respecte les rendes i la
protecció social, durant i després una situació laboral, amb l’objectiu d’identificar les
possibles discriminacions que poden patir aquest tipus de treballadors<br>Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa<br>Programa de Doctorat Interuniversitari en Dret, Economia i Empresa
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Rogers, Lauren. "(Re)Writing History: How Germany and France Create and Project EU Narratives Abroad." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360375.
Texte intégralRésumé :
‘Narrative’ has become such a pervasive term in media and political jargon that its theoretical backbone has become harder to trace. With this in mind, this thesis seeks to contribute to the theoretical understanding of narratives in international relations research, with a focus on the European Union. This thesis begins with a discussion on narratives in the international system, what kinds of power they exert, and how they provide structure. This will lead into the conceptual debate of narratives as tools vs narratives as identity, which will in turn raise questions about how actors use narratives to maintain ontological security. Within the context of the EU, these questions are of particular relevance, as the struggle to create a narrative for the EU is well documented. Moreover, there remains a struggle to convince member states of the importance of an EU narrative identity. This thesis will examine the area of common foreign and security policy (CFSP) through the lens of narrative analysis. The case study of the formation and projection of the EU narrative on the Iran Nuclear Deal has been selected to determine whether or not member states in the EU are faithful to EU foreign policy narratives. An analytical framework has been developed based on strategic narrative theory and will be used to test narrative output from the EU, Germany, and France on the subject of the Iran Nuclear Deal. The results of this analysis will be considered using a reflexive approach. The goal of this research is not to implicate EU member states or to imply a lack of commitment to EU CFSP. Rather, this thesis seeks to demonstrate how deep-seated narratives affect even the closest of alliances. This thesis also seeks to encourage policy makers and scholars to consider the importance of narrative integration in EU research.
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Daufí, Rodergas Xavier. "Estudi dels oratoris de Francesc Queralt (1740-1825). Fonaments de la història de l'oratori a Catalunya al segle XVIII." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5188.
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Aquesta tesi presenta dues parts clarament diferenciades, però al mateix temps complementàries: a la primera s'aporten els fonaments de la història de l'oratori a Catalunya al segle XVIII, i a la segona es procedeix a l'estudi de la vida i dels oratoris de Francesc Queralt (es presenten nou partitures completes i inèdites de nou oratoris de Queralt). Tot plegat es completa amb dos catàlegs, un de llibrets (amb 384 exemplars) i un altre de partitures (amb 77 exemplars), tots ells, i això és important, de compositors catalans. <br/>Pel que fa a l'establiment dels fonaments històrics del gènere s'han emprat, principalment, dues fonts: els propis llibrets per una banda, i el diari (1769-1816) de Rafael d'Amat i de Cortada, Baró de Maldà (Barcelona 1746-1819), per l'altra. Els llibrets contenen una gran quantitat d'informació relativa a les circumstàncies que envolten cadascuna de les interpretacions; a partir d'ells es poden determinar els llocs on es cantaven aquestes obres, les capelles musicals que els executaven, els motius pels quals s'interpretaven,... El diari del Baró de Maldà, per altra banda, narra tota una sèrie d'esdeveniments ocorreguts, la major part d'ells, a la ciutat de Barcelona. Alguns d'aquests fets tenen relació amb l'oratori. Tot això ha permès la presentació de 40 compositors catalans dedicats a l'oratori i de 62 esglésies d'arreu de Catalunya on s'interpretaven aquestes obres. També s'exposen els motius pels quals es cantaven aquestes composicions.<br/>Pel que fa a la biografia de Francesc Queralt s'han determinat alguns aspectes significatius: la seva admissió com a mestre de capella de la catedral de Barcelona (1774), la seva promoció als diferents ordes eclesiàstics (1777-1779), el seu sou, els seus deixebles, la seva disputa amb Carles Baguer per la interpretació d'un oratori l'any 1796 (finalment es va cantar l'Oratorio dels dolors* de Francesc Queralt que, per altra banda, és el que es presenta a l'apèndix 5 d'aquesta tesi), la seva participació en tribunals d'oposicions, el seu acomiadament com a mestre de capella (1815) i la seva mort (1825).<br/>Des del punt de vista de la música de Francesc Queralt cal assenyalar que el compositor seguia molt d'aprop l'estil dels autors italians i germànics. L'estudi del llenguatge harmònico-formal dels seus oratoris permet observar la seva evolució musical. Així, per exemple, en les seves primeres composicions, acords com ara sextes augmentades o sèptimes disminuïdes es relacionaven amb passatges que expressaven, per exemple, sentiments de dolor, pena o terror. En obres posteriors aquestes mateixes harmonies són utilitzades per motius purament estructurals, per exemple en una modulació. Des del punt de vista de la modulació els oratoris de Francesc Queralt també experimenten una evolució: en les primeres obres les modulacions són bàsicament diatòniques, mentre que en les darreres es troba una major varietat. En els oratoris més moderns existeixen modulacions cromàtiques, canvis de mode, canvis de to, o mitjançant sèptimes disminuïdes o sextes augmentades. També hi ha modulacions que es produeixen a partir d'una única nota que canvia de funció. El tractament orquestral també evoluciona: en les darreres obres la secció del vent va adquirint cada cop més independència. En els primers oratoris els instruments de vent s'utilitzen bàsicament per donar suport harmònic; en els darrers ja tenen, en alguns casos, assignat material musical propi, mentre la corda fa l'acompanyament. L'estudi de la tipologia de les àries permet concloure que des del punt de vista formal l'evolució musical de Francesc Queralt és similar a la dels seus col·legues europeus<br/>Considerant que l'oratori és un gènere que té una part musical i una altra de literària cal també fer un estudi dels textos. Els llibrets utilitzats per Francesc Queralt poden comparar-se, per les seves característiques, amb els de Zeno i Metastasio, els dos poetes més influents del moment. Cal assenyalar que alguns dels llibrets utilitzats per Queralt són al·legòrics: en aquests s'explica un passatge de l'Antic Testament i, en els dos números finals es compara la virtut del personatge veterotestamentari amb la virtut del sant a qui l'oratori està dedicat.<br>This dissertation is written in two parts clearly different one from another: in the first part the foundations of the history of the oratorio in Catalonia in the Eighteenth Century are drawn, while the second part deals with the study of Francesc Queralt's life and of his oratorios (nine complete and hitherto unknown oratorios by Queralt are presented). All this is completed with two catalogues, one of libretti (with 384 items) and another of music (with 77 items), all of them, and this is important, by catalan composers.<br/> Concerning the historic foundations of the genre, two sources have been used: the libretti and the diary (1769-1816) written by the catalan nobleman Rafael d'Amat i de Cortada, Baron of Maldà (Barcelona 1746-1819). The libretti contain a great deal of information related to the circumstantes that surrounded each of the performances; from those it has been possible to establish the places where these compositions were sung, the chapels that performed them, the reasons why they were played,... The Baron of Maldà's diary narrates many of the events that occurred, the most part of them, in the city of Barcelona. Some of those are related to the oratorio. Both sources allow to contribute with the name of 40 catalan composers devoted to the genre of the oratorio and also with 62 churches around Catalonia where these compositions were sung.<br/> If we turn to Francesc Queralt's biography, some significant aspects have also been established: his admission as mestre de capella at Barcelona Cathedral (1774), his promotion to the different ecclesiastical orders (1777-1779), his salary, his pupils, a dispute with the organist Carles Baguer on the performance of an oratorio in 1796 (eventually Queralt's Oratorio dels dolors* was sung, work which is presented in appendix 5 in this dissertation), his participation as a member of the jury in several exams to obtain posts in different chapels in Barcelona, his dismissal as mestre de capella (1815), and his death (1825).<br/> Concerning the music it must be stated that the composer's style was quite near from that of the italian and germanic authors. The study of the harmonic and formal languge of his oratorios allows to establish his musical evolution. Thus, for instance, in Queralt's first works, chords like augmented sixths or diminished sevenths are related with passages expressing sorrow, pain or terror. In latter works such chords were used generally for structural reasons, e. g. a modulation. Concerning the modulation, Queralt's works show a clear evolution: in his early compositions the modulations found are basically diatonic; in more recent works there is a greater variety. In the more modern oratorios there are chromatic modulations, changes of mode, changes of tonality or modulations by means of a diminished seventh or an augmented sixth. There are also modulations produced by one single note that changes its function. The use of the orchestra is as well different: in the latter works the wind section is clearly more and more independent. In the former oratorios the winds are basically used to provide harmonic support; in more modern compositions the wood-wind instruments, in some instances, play the important melodic part, while the accompaniment goes on the strings. The study of the aria types allows to conclude that form the formal point of view the musical evolution of those oratorios is similar to that of his european colleagues.<br/> One must have in mind that the oratorio is a twofold genre: they are composed with music and words. That is why any study on this kind of music must also consider the literary part. The libretti used by Francesc Queralt can be compared, according to their characteristics, to those written by Zeno and Metastasio, the two most influential poets of their time. It must be pointed out that some of the libretti used by Francesc Queralt are allegorical: in those a passage taken out form the Old Testament is presented in the first movements of the oratorio, and in the two final numbers the virtue of the Old Testament character is compared with that of the saint to whom the oratorio is devoted.
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Quintane, Porra Anne. "El món dels registres parroquials de Baho, Cornellà de la Ribera, Pesillà de la Ribera, Sant Esteve del Monestir, Vilanova de la Ribera 1587-1738." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1288/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les registres paroissiaux des cinq paroisses voisines Baho, Corneilla de la Rivière, Saint Estève, et Villeneuve de la Rivière, sont remarquables à deux titres, d’une part en termes de conservation des acte , par la période-le XVIIIe siècle- qu’ils couvrent conjointement, et, d’autre part, en termes de richesse et d’originalité pour les informations qu’ils nous livrent. De niveau d’observation très proche des gens, les registres paroissiaux, s’ils récréent l’Histoire avec l’évocation de périodes sombre, permettent aussi d’aborder certains aspects de la vie des hommes et des familles dans une société profondément religieuse forte de ses structures traditionnelles catalanes dans ses comportements et dans ses rites. Il ne fait aucun doute que ce ce substrat de recherches puisse représenter un creuset de population car donnée dans son ensemble, et, puisse porter à notre connaissance un concentré de société très intéressant<br>Church boocks from five nearby parishes, Baho, Corneilla de la Rivière, Pezilla de la Rivière, Saint Estève, Villeneuve de la Rivière, are remarkable from two points of view on the one hand,because the state of conservation of the certificates is good - more over coming from the seventeenth century – and on the other hand, because the data they deliver are good quatity.Church books as they are close witnesses of people’s lives, are a great source of history.They evoke dark periods and allou to approach some aspects of people and family lives, in a rural and profoundy religious society, based on traditional catalan structures, with its own behaviours and rituals.There is no doust that this research substratum represents a large group of population and enables us to discover a very interesting society
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Kenderes, Andrea. "Conceptions et techniques du droit de la consommation : comparaison des droits français et hongrois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D006.
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L'émergence du droit de la consommation en tant que discipline autonome, peut être analysée dans les effets qu'elle a produits dans le discours juridique dans sa globalité, de diverses manières. Lors des célébrations de l’anniversaire de la signature du Traité de Rome qui a jeté les bases de l'Union Européenne actuelle, on doit souligner que « L'UE a largement amélioré la vie quotidienne de ses citoyens». Qu'en est-il plus précisément de la protection des consommateurs? Sans l’Europe, le droit de la consommation ne se serait pas développé aussi solidement qu'il ne l’a fait aux cours des quarante dernières années. Le droit européen de la consommation trouve sa source essentielle dans le programme préliminaire d'avril 1975 pour une politique de protection et d’information des consommateurs qui a énoncé cinq droits fondamentaux : droit à la protection de la santé et de la sécurité, droit à la protection des intérêts économiques des consommateurs, droit à la réparation des dommages, droit à l’information et à l'éducation, droit à la représentation. Le E-commerce (achat et vente de services et produits via Internet) a transformé notre manière de consommer, offrant aux consommateurs plus de choix qu'auparavant. Mais il soulève également de nouveaux problèmes, qui doivent être réglés. Les conditions de protection des consommateurs différent encore beaucoup d’un pays à l'autre. Si dans certains pays, 76% des consommateurs déclarent se sentir suffisamment protégés par les mesures existantes, dans d'autres ce chiffre tombe à 28%. Or, depuis qu’ils ont rejoint l’Union européenne, les pays de l'Est de l'Europe, généralement situés assez bas sur l’échelle de satisfaction, ont vu ces pourcentages s'améliorer de façon importante<br>In regulatory jurisdictions that provide for this consumer protection is a group of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers, as well as fair trade, competition, and accurate information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent the businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors. Furthermore the importance of the consumer protection is to safeguard the consumer from exploitation. In the absence of consumer protection, consumers were exploited in many ways for example sale of unsafe products, adulteration and hoarding of goods, using wrong weights and measures, charging excessive prices and sale of inferior quality goods. Through various Consumer Protection Acts, business organizations are under pressure to keep away from exploiting consumers. Consumer protection law is considered an area of law that regulates private law relationships between individual consumers and the businesses that sell those goods and services. In 2018, the European Commission is proposing a New Deal for Consumers to ensure that all European consumers fully benefit from their rights under Union law. A study on transparency in online platforms, also published, supports the New Deal’s proposals on online market places. Finally, the different theories show the sophisticated aspects of the French consumer law which has been developing since the Code Napoleon
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Izquierdo, Molinas Eva. "Edició crítica dels capítols 1-100 del "Llibre de les dones" de Francesc Eiximenis: estudi codicològic, estudi ecdòtic i estudi històric." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667739.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents the critical edition of the chapters from 1 to 100 of the "Llibre de les dones" by Francesc Eiximenis. This book was large disseminated, as evidenced by the fact that it has been preserved in six manuscripts and one incunabulum from the 15th century, not to mention the existence of many fragmentary copies. This work was also translated into Spanish and it preserve in seven whole manuscripts, in addition to several partial copies and a version adapted called "Carro de las donas" (1542). It was also subjected to a critical edition by Frank Naccarato in 1981. Although it allowed the contemporary reader to know the book, only three of the seven manuscripts were taken into account. At present, there are still mysteries to solve, such as the date of writing of the book, the reasons why Eiximenis devoted it to the countess of Prades and the textual affiliation of the preserved manuscripts. This thesis is aimed at filling the gaps around the study of this work<br>Aquesta tesi presenta l'edició crítica dels cent primers capítols del "Llibre de les dones" de Francesc Eiximenis, una de les seves obres de major difusió, com demostra el fet que s’ha conservat en sis manuscrits i un incunable del segle XV, sense comptar amb l’existència de nombroses còpies fragmentàries. L’obra també fou traduïda al castellà i se’n conserven set testimonis íntegres, a més de diverses còpies parcials i una versió adaptada intitulada "Carro de las donas"(1542). El 1981 l’obra fou objecte d’una edició crítica per part de Frank Naccarato que, malgrat donar a conèixer l’obra al lector modern, només prenia en consideració tres dels set testimonis. A més a més, encara avui queden algunes incògnites per resoldre, com ara la data de redacció del llibre, els motius pels quals Eiximenis li va dedicar a la comtessa de Prades i la filiació textual dels testimonis conservats. Amb aquest treball es pretén omplir el buits que giren entorn de l’estudi d'aquesta obra
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Bolton, Anthony J. ""The Best Form of Assistance Always is the Kind That Enables Folks to Help Themselves": Public Reaction to the New Deal in Hancock, Seneca, and Wood Counties of Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1617017851410995.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Deals – France"
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Frances Perkins: Champion of the New Deal. Oxford University Press, 1999.
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Nord, Philip G. France's New Deal: From the thirties to the Liberation. Princeton University Press, 2010.
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Diccionari general occitan: A partir dels parlars lengadocians. Cultura d'óc, 2003.
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France's New Deal: From the thirties to the postwar era. Princeton University Press, 2010.
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Güell, Casilda. L'eterna desunió dels catalans: L'oposicio catalanista a Franco (1939-1950). Editorial Base, 2008.
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L'eterna desunió dels catalans: L'oposicio catalanista a Franco (1939-1950). Editorial Base, 2008.
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Josep Maria Sans i Travé. El procés dels Templers catalans: Entre el turment i la glòria. Pagès editors, 1990.
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Ciència i política exterior francesa a l'Espanya de Franco: El cas dels físics catalans. Institut d'Estudis Catalans, 2010.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Deals – France"
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Nacci, Michela. "Il carattere di Jules Michelet." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-160-0.08.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The article deals with the national character in Jules Michelet. Michelet supports an essentialist version of the character. According him, it is caused by natural elements: geography, food and the various regions that make up France. These elements are spiritualized over time: it is the history that gave rise to the character of the French. The result is the complete fusion of all differences in a nation-individual: a generous person towards humanity. The French character is contrasted with the English character: selfish, greedy, all devoted to work and earnings. It is precisely because of their different characters that France has given the world the Revolution and England the Industrial Revolution, a phenomenon that mechanizes work, that destroys the body and soul of the workers.
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Debras, François. "The Sirens’ Song. When Right-Wing Populism Deals with “Democracy”. The Case of the Rassemblement National in France." In Populism and Contemporary Democracy in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92884-1_4.
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Peter, Armin, Nils Schoelzel, Lisa Wilmsmeier, et al. "The Attractiveness of Fishways and Bypass Facilities." In Novel Developments for Sustainable Hydropower. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99138-8_5.
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AbstractThis chapter deals with the conventional upstream fish passage technologies developed for a safe fish migration at run-of-river hydropower plants (HPPs). It covers the factors influencing successful migration, current status, practices and challenges, novel developments, recommendations and outlook. Main focusses of this chapter are on the attractiveness of fishways and bypass facilities based on FIThydro study results. Although upstream fish passage technologies are well developed, there are still research gaps on their effectiveness related to their attractiveness and passabilities. FIThydro fills such research gaps by providing tools, methods, devices and best practice examples. This chapter covers the field studies at the case study HPP Guma with pool and weir fishway in Spain and Schiffmühle with vertical-slot and nature-like fishways in Switzerland and a combination of field, laboratory and numerical simulation studies of vertical-slot fishway in France. The results of these three studies contribute to better fishway design for a range of fish species and hydraulic conditions.
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Couderc, Christophe. "Sobre el papel de Lope de Vega en la construcción del relato nacional del clasicismo francés." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-150-1.4.
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This essay deals with an aspect of the formation process of the image of the Spanish Baroque theatre in France as an irregular and chaotic aesthetic form, which was also considered inferior with respect to the French classical model. In this theoretical construction, Lope de Vega embodies all of the Spanish theatre's flaws and, more generally, Hispanic literature's ones, in turn conceived as an expression of the Spanish nation’s spirit. This process of elaborating an image of an author at the service of the invention of a national stereotype is possible thanks to the early reception of some prose works by Lope (La Arcadia, El peregrino en su patria) which are enjoying a widespread diffusion in their translations. In a context marked by controversy surrounding the tragi-comédie, assimilated by his detractors to a simple theatrical deformation of novelistic material, Lope de Vega assumes the function of representative of a literature considered extraneous to any rule and to the separation between literary genres.
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Riccardo, Martinelli. "Kant e il carattere dei popoli." In Studi e saggi. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-160-0.05.
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Kant deals with national characters in the second part of his Anthropology from a pragmatic point of view of 1798. Firmly rejecting the climatic theory, he advocates an anti-naturalistic stance. However, Kant is skeptical of Hume’s tenet that nations owe their characters to their different forms of government. In Kant’s view, the most civilized nations are England and France: their characters have to do with purely cultural factors. Complementing each other, the characters of those nations broadly correspond to a masculine and feminine principle, as analyzed by Kant in the previous chapter of his Anthropology. The remaining European and Extra-European nations have a less defined – and, in some cases, mixed – character, that owes something more to the natural dispositions. Yet Kant still manages to avoid naturalistic explanations. In many nations, natural dispositions do prevail over cultural ones, but this simply means that less (and sometimes, nothing) can be said about their characters.
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Akkari, Abdeljalil, and Myriam Radhouane. "Intercultural Education in France." In Intercultural Approaches to Education. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70825-2_9.
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AbstractIn the preceding chapters, all the countries that we have dealt with have had a federal form of government granting a large measure of autonomy in educational management to their regions. This is not the case for the French education system, which remains largely centralized with regard to strategies dealing with cultural diversity in the school.
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de Jong, Michiel. "Arms Exports and Export Control of the Dutch Republic 1585–1621." In NL ARMS. T.M.C. Asser Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-471-6_16.
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AbstractThe Dutch Republic underwent a process of state formation, accelerated economic growth and military reforms during the Eighty Years War. In particular between 1585 and 1621, Dutch merchant-entrepreneurs built up a burgeoning arms industry and sector of arms exports. These exports required a system of passports, still an under-researched theme in current literature, organized by the States-General and admiralties in order to support exports to neutral and allied states, but to forestall these did not fall into enemy hands. In particular, the system of passports shows how merchants, acting as intermediaries between allies and the States-General and the admiralties, could meet the volatile demand of war materials. As a result, the supply side of the export market was oligopolistic, but the composition of the group of oligopolists varied depending on the region and the prevailing market conditions in question. From this study it can be concluded that the system of export control had only a limited effectiveness regarding the creative arms exports to Spanish Habsburg destinations, due to divergent central and local interests. However, the major part of the Dutch arms exports flowed to allies such as France, Venice, Sweden and the German protestant states. Dutch merchants provided them with batches of strategic materials and total package-deals of armaments for entire army and navy units. From 1621, the States-General supported these transactions by supplying war materials from the state arsenals fostering timely and largescale deliveries, meeting volatile demand conditions.
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Caton, Valerie. "The EMU Deal: French Ambition; German Design?" In France and the Politics of European Economic and Monetary Union. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137409171_5.
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Griffiths, Richard. "‘There are some among our younger Welshmen to whom Maurras means a great deal’." In France’s Purveyors of Hatred. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429288494-5.
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Legros, Olivier, and Marion Lièvre. "Domestic Versus State Reason? How Roma Migrants in France Deal with Their Securitization." In The Securitization of the Roma in Europe. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77035-2_4.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Deals – France"
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Ouzounian, Gerald, Roberto Miguez, and Jean-Louis Tison. "Site Selection for a Geological Disposal in France: An Approach of Convergence." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40084.
Texte intégralRésumé :
On December 1991, the French National Assembly passed the French Waste Management Research Act, authorizing a 15 year research program of three options for HLW: separation and/or transmutation, long-term storage, and geologic disposal. On June 2006, the “Planning Act on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste” sets a new framework and new aims to the above mentioned options. This paper deals only with the geologic disposal research program. In a step by step approach, this program has been broken down into three phases having intermediate goals (objectives): site selection for an Underground research Laboratory (URL), potential disposal feasibility, potential reversible disposal design. The first step of the research program aimed at URL site selection. From 1994 to 1996, Andra carried out geological-characterization work in four districts. This enabled to make the Request for Licensing and Operation of the laboratory facility on three sites. During this phase, wells, 2D seismic campaigns and land studies of geologic outcrops were the essential activities. The result was the selection of the most suitable site for the implementation of an underground laboratory. Main results on Bure URL will be presented in the paper. In the second phase the research program targeted the safety and technical feasibility of a potential reversible disposal somewhere in Meuse and Haute Marne districts site, chosen by the government in 1998. Andra conducted geologic survey during the URL shaft construction and experiments in drifts at depths of 445 and 490 m. This program allowed consolidating the knowledge already acquired: geological environment, stability of the rock, containment properties and it confirms that the rock will maintain its qualities. The 2005 Progress Report presents the results of this phase. The main conclusion is that a potential disposal facility may be safely constructed over a zone around the URL, called transposition zone (about 250 km2). The paper will present the most important results in this phase. From 2006, the third phase of the program, the activities were oriented, inside the transposition zone, to determine a smaller zone in which a potential disposal facility could be designed. In 2009, Andra issued a proposal describing such a zone to the French authorities. In this paper, the main results of this phase will be presented. Finally, the next steps towards a final implementation will be given.
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Venkateswaran, Swaminath, Damien Chablat, and Pol Hamon. "Design of a Piping Inspection Robot by Optimization Approach." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22021.
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Abstract This article presents an optimization approach for the design of an inspection robot that can move inside variable diameter pipelines having bends and junctions. The inspection robot uses a mechanical design that mimics the locomotion of a caterpillar. The existing prototype developed at LS2N, France is a rigid model that makes it feasible for working only inside straight pipelines. By the addition of a tensegrity mechanism between motor units, the robot is made reconfigurable. However, the motor units used in the prototype are oversized to pass through pipe bends or junctions. An optimization approach is employed to determine the dimensions of motors and their associated leg mechanisms that can overcome such bends. Two optimization problems are defined and solved in this article. The first problem deals with the determination of motor sizing without leg mechanisms. The second problem deals with the determination of sizing of the leg mechanism with respect to the dimensions of motor units obtained from the first problem. A 3D model of the optimized robot design is then realized using CAD software.
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Butenina, D. V., and A. S. Ivanov. "MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE TEACHING OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES." In MODELING AND SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT THE QUALITY OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS. Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/978-5-8088-1558-2-2021-2-29-32.
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Article has survey character and is based on the discussion on technologies for teaching computer and engineering Sciences through the use of modern digital tools and best practices to engineering courses in the period of the pandemic. Experts from Finland, Croatia and France took part in the discussion. The discussion was held within the framework of a foresight session organized by the Foundation “center for strategic research” North-West “ in partnership with the International scientific and methodological center of MEPhI. The article deals with the following topics: collecting a digital trace, features of interaction with students online, psychological aspects of distance learning. also, attention is paid to various platforms and SOFTWARE for providing a remote learning process.
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Beaufils, Romain, Eric Meister, and Emmanuel Ardillon. "Using a Probabilistic Approach in the Brittle Fracture Deterministic Integrity Assessment of a Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57528.
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This work deals with the possibility of the life extension of nuclear power plants in France. The aim is to justify the resistance of the pressure vessel, which is non-replaceable. The brittle fracture deterministic integrity assessment of the nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is based on the analysis of a flaw under the austenitic cladding of the RPV. The demonstration of the RPV resistance is controlled by the regulations. It is proposed here to use a probabilistic method by propagating uncertainties into the deterministic mechanical model in order to quantify conservatism of the deterministic method. The regulatory requirements must be respected and the purpose of the work presented here is thus to link the probabilistic result to the deterministic method.
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Hildebrand, Klaus. "ISO Standards for Optical Drawings." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.fa3.
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Immediately after being set up in April 1980, ISO TC172 on Optics and Optical Instruments decided to begin work on an international standard for drawings of optical elements and systems. The first need was to recognize the fact that existing general standards for mechanical components are not always adequate to express the tolerance information necessary for the production of optical elements (example: for optical workshops, surface form error tolerance must be stated in "fringe spacings", in accordance with the usual interferometric test methods). In 1980, Working Group 2 (WG2) of Subcommittee 1 (SC1) was given the task of drafting the new standard (SC1 deals with General Standards, WG2 is responsible for Indications in Optical Drawings). It has sixteen members, drawn from France, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA.
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Andre´, Thierry, and Werner Botzem. "Decommissioning and Dismantling of the French Brennilis NPP." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59366.
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This paper deals with the dismantling of the Brennilis NPP plant located in the west of France (Finiste`re). This prototype NPP of Brennilis was the unique reactor of the heavy water developed in France during the 50’ and the 60’. The reactor diverged in December 1966 and the NPP was operated during 9 years from 1972 to 1981, then the permanent shutdown occurred in July 1985. In 2008, the operator and owner of the plant Electricite´ de France (EDF) commissioned the consortium Onet Technologies Grands Projets (France) and Nukem Technologies (Germany) with the dismantling of the reactor block of the NPP. The reactor block essentially contains the reactor vessel including built-in units and biological shields, the peripheral piping as well as systems for controlling the nuclear-related process. In addition to the complete dismantling, the scope of the contractual services also includes their proper handling in accordance with the applicable regulation: safety requirements, waste management, radioprotection optimization and management. The central element of the plant is the reactor pressure vessel filled with heavy water. Each of the 216 horizontal fuel element channels made of zircaloy is at each side connected to a pipe which directs the heat transfer gas to a header mounted in the upper part of the reactor block. The control rods are introduced vertically into the reactor. It should be pointed out that due to this reactor design, the reactor pressure vessel is equipped with a complex pipe system to all sides which makes it difficult to freely access the core area of the reactor block and thus to dismantle the reactor. In this context, the axial and lateral neutron shields should be mentioned, which are situated in close proximity to the reactor as well as the biological shield which protects from ionizing radiation originating from the pressure vessel. The access to the core area is made difficult due to a high local dose rate and the extremely high constructive complexity of the prototype, the interior of which is virtually criss-crossed by complex piping. The elevated local dose rate in the area of the reactor pressure vessel makes manual work in this zone impossible (even after 30 years), so that remote dismantling techniques have to be used. Before starting dismantling, the remote devices are determined with the help of a test stand which representatively simulates the real conditions of the reactor block in respect to dimensions and material.
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Hurbánková, Ľubica. "ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.137.
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Paper deals with the analysis of research and development expenditure. Expenditure per capita in European Union countries in years 2009 - 2018 and total research and development expenditure in million Euro are analyzed. The aim of the paper is to find out in which countries expenditure per capita increased the most during the observed period and in which it decreased, what was the average annual growth rate of this indicator. Contribution method will help to analyze how the total research and development expenditure in 27 European Union countries has changed, what was the share of each country in this expenditure, which countries contributed the most to this change and which the least. Research and development expenditure per capita increased average annually between 2009 and 2018 in all analyzed countries, except Luxembourg and Finland, where it decreased. The highest average annual growth was recorded in Poland (12.48%), Latvia (10.50%), Slovakia (10.47%) and Bulgaria (10.38%). Total research and development expenditure increased in 2018 compared to 2009 by 41.65%, Germany (18.11%) and France (4.29%) contributed the most to this increase.
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KOURTAA, Salim, Morgan Chabannes, Frederic Becquart, and Nor Edine Abriak. "Evaluation of a Marine Dredged Sediment as Raw Material Compared to Volcanic Scoria for the Development of Lime-Pozzolan Eco-Binders." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.263.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the context of global warming, the built environment offers relevant opportunities to reduce GHG emissions that underlie climate change. In particular, this can be achieved with the development of low-embodied energy building materials such as bio-based concretes. Hemp concrete has been the subject of many investigations in the field of non-load bearing infill walls in France since the early 1990s. In addition to hygrothermal performances, the use of crop by-products definitely helps to limit the carbon footprint. Hemp concretes are often produced by mixing the plant aggregates with lime-based binders. The latter have many benefits among which the water vapor permeability. However, CO2 emissions due to the decarbonation of limestone for the production of lime largely contribute to the overall environmental balance of these materials. The use of natural pozzolans (volcanic scoria) combined with hydrated lime goes back to the Greco-Roman period and reduces carbon emissions. Nonetheless, it does not necessarily meet the issue related to the depletion of granular natural resources. Hence, this study deals with the design of a new low-carbon binder based on marine dredged sediment seen as an alternative strategic granular resource that can be considered renewable. The sediment comes from the Port of Dunkirk in the North of France and is mainly composed of silt and quartz sand. It was finely ground and compared to a lowly reactive basaltic pozzolan. Lime-pozzolan pastes were prepared and stored in a moist environment under room (20°C) and high temperature (50°C). The hardening kinetics of pastes was followed through mineralogical studies (TGA, XRD) and compressive strength development. The results showed that the hardening of pastes including the marine sediment was suitable in the case of samples stored at 50°C and make it possible to use such a binder for precast bio-based concretes.
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Kolumber, David. "Protistátní trestné činy v moderních kodifikacích." In Protistátní trestné činy včera a dnes. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9976-2021-4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The contribution “Anti-state Crimes in Modern Codifications” deals with the topic of anti-state crimes during centuries. Firstly, legal concepts in the pre-state period are mentioned. Then the attention is paid on the evolution of this institute in the Euro-Atlantic area. From this point of view, there are mentioned mainly regulations from England (1351), France (1810), Germany (1871) and Soviet Union (1958) which could be remarked as the most important for the development of other countries. On the other hand, it also reminds the development of codifications in Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, which were affected by the Austro-Hungarian legislations as well as German and Soviet approaches. The Czech current arrangement generally does not depart from the other European samples, but it cannot be omitted that in the Czech Republic it is distinguished the penal concept of the high treason (Landesverrat, vlastizrada) from the constitutional concept (Hochverrat, velezrada) which is dedicated to the presidential anti-state activities. The contribution also indicates that the concept of anti-state crimes in countries has not been unified and it has been varying according to various experiences and attitudes.
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Bezdikian, G., C. Faidy, P. Cambefort, and D. Moinereau. "PWR Nuclear Power Plants Reactor Vessel and Coolant System Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Elbows: New Results in Integrity Analysis." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2188.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Reactor Pressure Vessel and Reactor coolant materials (hot and cold CAST elbows) are major components for integrity evaluation of nuclear plant units. The French Utility (Electricite de France) has engaged a few years ago an important program regarding the integrity assessment of RPV and cast duplex stainless steel elbows based on large real database. This paper deals with the verification of the integrity of the Reactor Vessel component by finite element mechanical studies, in all conditions of loading in relation with RTNDT (Reference Nil Ductility Transition Temperature), and considering all parameters. An overall review of actions will be presented describing the French approach regarding the assessment of nuclear RPV. The latest results obtained are based on generic integrity analyses for all categories of situations (normal upset emergency and faulted conditions), particularly in case of PTS, until the end of lifetime, postulating longitudinal shallow subclad flaws. For the Reactor Coolant Elbows, the results of structural integrity analyses, beginning with elastic computations and completed with three-dimensional finite element elastic-plastic computations for envelope cases, are compared with in-service inspection real flaw characterisation and the results are compared to the margin on loading condition with the criteria included in the code.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Deals – France"
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.