Thèses sur le sujet « Décolonisation – Madagascar (île) – 20e siècle »
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Galibert, Didier. « Les gens du pouvoir à Madagascar : État postcolonial, légitimités et territoire : 1956-2002 ». La Réunion, 2006. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/06_10_DGallibe.pdf.
Texte intégralThe thesis concerns the formation of Madagascar's political elite in the years between the promulgation of the loi-cadre of 1956 and the accession to power of Marc Ravalomanana in 2002. The text is divided into three parts : the first concerns the contours of the national political space as this has been constituted during the postcolonial period. The second concerns the use of memories of the past to compose a sense of a national political territory corresponding to the island of Madagascar. Part three examines the unequal concept of political rights as these have emerged from the past. Old concepts of ritual status have combined with other influences to produce differing conditions of citizenship. By means of the historical analysis of some leading political families, the ideological aspects of inequality are considered in a context notable more for the relatively short duration of political careers than for constitution of veritable political dynasties
Randrianantoandro, Hiarivelo. « Le mouvement des forces vives à Antananarivo : sociologie de la protestation collective à Madagascar ». Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070025.
Texte intégralTo deal with collective protest in Madagascar supposes to open and enlarge the field of the areas studies andl reconsider the validity of the pre-existing theoretical tools of the sociology of social movements which aim to encompass and explain the social components and interactions that characterize industrially developed countries. Taking into account the concepts that sustain the sociology of social movements, this analysis helps to comprehend and explain a particular protest movement confronting a political system so repressive that its eventual success seemed very dubious. Our aim was to grasp and define the constituents of the emergence, growth and impetus of the "Hery Velona" movement ("Vital Forces Movement") within the context of an authoritarian system. The first part consists of an historical survey of the political, economical and social life of Madagascar, from the times of the Independence to the 1991 crisis, explaining the background of the formation of the "Hery Velona" movement. Then, taking into account the organizational approach, the importance of the mobilization organizers that were previously active, as well as the various forms of their endeavours are detailed (2nd Part). Last but not least, it is attempted to characterize the components of the actors of the mobilization and their motivations; within this mainframe, a particular attention is devoted to the influence of the Churches considered both as organizing bodies and leaders influencing the perception, representation, and affirmative cohesion of the actors themselves
Ramanantsoa, Ramarcel Benjamina. « Les sociétés secrètes nationalistes à Madagascar dans la première moitié du XXème siècle : V.V.S. (Vy Vato Sakelika) 1913-1915, PA.NA.MA (Parti National Socialiste Malgache) 1941-1947, JINY (Jeunesse nationaliste) 1943-1947 ». Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070022.
Texte intégralThe struggle against the colonial order happens rather early in Madagascar and it will go crescendo all along the first half of the 20th century and reach its climax with the popular insurrection of march 1947. Taking various forms, which go from the movements of primary resistances to political struggle led by autochton parties, passing through localised and spontaneous popular rebellions, the literature of denonciation in the press and workmen strikes, this struggle is the mark of the dominated malagasy people's non assent to their domination this era has also witnessed the emergence and the development, in the island, of some nationalist clandestine groups which will take part in this intense social and political activity. Three secrete societies are privileged here: -the V. V. S. (Vy Vato Sakelika) which was organised and developed on the initiative of the students of the native medical school of Antananarivo, from 1913 to 1915. The malagasy political organisation began with this secrete society. -the PA. NA. MA. (Parti National Socialiste Malgache) which was created in Tamatave in 1941 on the instigation of some young civil servants who had come from the generation of the period between the two world wars. -the JINY (Jeunesse Nationaliste) organised in Manakara in 1943 under the impulse of some rural leaders and some ex-V. V. S. The last two clandestine associations will be the main instigators of the malagasy insurrection of march 1947. Appealing largely to the witnesses of the protagonists themselves, ancient militants of these clandestine groups, this study is an attempt at seizing the dynamic of the malagasy national movement at this era, from one of its framing political structures, the secrete societies
Lahiniriko, Denis. « Les structures politiques à Tananarive : union, unanimisme et divisions partisanes dans la culture politique nationaliste malgache (1945-1958) ». Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010621.
Texte intégralRandriamampionona, Hubert. « Les aspects judiciaires de la rébellion de 1947 à Madagascar ». Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33041.
Texte intégralThe year 1947 marked the end of hope for the emancipation of the people of Madagascar, born in November 1945 with the election of the doctors Ravoahangy and Raseta at the first Constituent on the basis of slogans advocating a total and immediate independance of Madagascar. Indeed, if they changed their original request by referring to the concept of a blur free state within the French Union, the radical elements working in the shadow of the Movement of Democratic Renovation Malagasy, party established in February 1946 to help those elected officials prepare many elections, took the opportunity to foment a rebellion which broke out during the night of march 29, 1947. The next day, the judicial repression fell on the MDRM designated as the chief executive officer of events by the colonial authorities. The intervention of the judiciary did not guarantee an impartial and independent justice. Since their installation, in the early twentieth century, in addition to the dominant presence of administrators within them, they were also a way of administration additional in the hands of colonial authorities. In addition, judicial reform initiated in 1946, in the French colonies overseas had only strengthened the administrative grip. Therefore, the role of the courts was reduced to a simple legalization of unjust repression inducted by the General Security Department and the provincial administrators. The discussions in the trial of parliamentarians and other leaders of MDRM, which took place from July to October 1948 before the Criminal Court of Antananarivo, which was designed to determine the truth about the origin of events did only demonstrate that the use of dubious methods in the premises of the General Security Deppent to obtain confessions so-called spontaneous. Despite these damning revelations, the public prosecutors finally got the inevitable court sentence of the leaders MDRM, using witnesses provided at the last minute, once again, by the General Security Department
Nunn, Philippe. « La migration des mauriciens à Madagascar, 1863-1947 ». La Réunion, 2007. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/07_21-nunn.pdf.
Texte intégralStamped by the evolution and the internal structuring of the Mauritian society, the mauritian migratory movement between 1863 and 1947 is determined by the disputes, agreements and reorganisations linked to the social, economical, diplomatic and political evolutions of the territories involved. To understand the integration modes of all mauritians migrants whatever their origins, within the French colony of Madagascar, the thesis develops along the three following lines. In a first part, an historical approach of the groups and their organisation according to the variability of the ethnic boundaries will be explored. The second part, corresponding to the most wave of migrants which goes from 1863 to 1905 describes the setting process of a colonial order disrupting he positions gained by the Mauritians under the malagesian royalty. The third part, going from 1905 to 1947, studies the integration of migrants within the French colonial structure
Ballarin, Marie-Pierre. « Les reliques royales sakalava : source de légitimation et enjeu de pouvoir : (Madagascar, XVIIIème-XXème) ». Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070094.
Texte intégralThe sakalava royal symbolic is expressed in the conservation of deceased kings remains. These regalia are probably a typical example of the ever present relationship to ancestors in western malagasy societies. In the sakalava societies, the cult of relics was practised by the inhabitants of the west of madagascar before the formation of dynasties. This cult will be promoted as a royal culte in the course of the constitution of the kingdoms. As medieval saints in europe, the royal ancestor, through his relics, protects not only the royal descent but also the subjects as a whole. The agricultural protection provided by the relics cult becomes an instrument of political legitimisation for the dynasties. From then onwards, the remains of the royal body are kept in a reliquary and play a fundamental role in the practice of power. Source of legitimisation or legitimising source, what role will the relics play after the lose of souvereignty that follows the merina and frenh conquests ? by 1882, the french and the merina have entered into a bitter struggle for the keeping of the relics, a useful to maintain the submission of the sakalava population. At last, in the wake of independence, the legitimising role of these regalia again applies again in the context of the new stakes of power. In moments of political crisis, the relics of the sakalava kings, and more globally, the royal symbolic, constitute the main reference of in-fights and alliances. Stressing the ambivalence between power and religion, still a relevant topic today, we will see the lasting efficiency of these ancien ideological principles in today's local context. Today, the possession of relics remains locally a major stake and a force of legitimisation. It is therefore in a broad historical context that this attempt to understand the relationship with ancestors is located
Razafimbelo-Harisoa, Marie Solange. « La radiodiffusion à Madagascar : Perspective historique et usages sociaux ». Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020098.
Texte intégralNirhy-Lanto, Hery Andriamahazo. « La mutation de la classe politique malgache : un problème du temps présent ». Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INAL0024.
Texte intégralThe political life of Madagascar is marked by post-election crises and sociopolitical protests, during its 54 years of independence. From this observation, Malagasy people feel entitled to enjoy their riches and live a sustained development based on consideration of traditional values. Madagascar demands a real transformation of its political class. This change seems inevitable, but the main question is whether it will go to the expected direction... Opposition to this impulse is felt, since domestic and international political and economic issues require that Madagascar conforms to the stereotypical pattern of western development. Therefore, the words “democracy, good governance, globalization” seem so overused. By this way, sometimes, they lose the necessary precision and relevance for an understanding of system of values and political exchanges they are supposed to express and establish. Other corollaries of these superficial changes that were imposed are emerging, namely the proliferation of political stakeholders that involve a multiplication of related groups. Infact, there is currently about 150 political parties and associations that are registered at the Ministry of DomesticAffairs. However, with these political developments, no real “opposition” manifest positively. Ultimately, faced with this famous and inevitable change of its political class, Madagascar is encountering cultural, historical, institutional, economic and social problems. To uncover the real motives of this resistance to change, first, atentative definition of the concept of power in Madagascar and a descriptive overview of the Malagasy politicians during the colonial period is conducted. Afterwards, a study on the basis of the current Malagasy political class is performed. In addition to domestic social and economic difficulties, there are international geopolitical and economic interests. A particular observation is undertaken on the behavior of French investors and policymakers. This is actually a real and accurate illustration of pater familias behaviors that France adopts vis-à-vis its African partners
Ramavonirina, Oliva Rahantamalala. « Langage juridique et processus de développement : le cas de Madagascar ». Paris, INALCO, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INAL0021.
Texte intégralAs a very technical and old fashion language that makes use of terms and phrases drawn from a foreign mind frame by the craft of History, the Malagasy law speech is hardly accessible to the population, though it has been intended to him. Consequently, it is not rare that justice decisions are barely executed, or even not at all, by the receivers who just do not understand what they are supposed to do. Hence, very serious prejudices come up for him/her whose sole guilt is not to understand neither French law speech due to amadel of thought that is far away from his own, nor official Malagasy law speech mould on the French madel with a thematic structure based on a logic system which is at the straight opposite of his/her way of thinking. This work is a contribution to modernize some old fashion terms still found in the Malagasy law speech on one hand, and on the other hand to modify the structure of the justice decision texts in order to fit Malagasy people's own mind frame. This should hopefully make Malagasy law speech much more understandable for the people, and by this way, to improve their relationship with Justice, so that the institution to fully play its role of a social regulator leading to a sustainable and integral human development
Gandelot, Ludovic. « Les khojas Ismaïlis Agakhanis de Madagascar : des Gujaratis de l'Océan Indien (1885-1972) : Communauté religieuse, politique et territoires ». Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070048.
Texte intégralThe ismaïli agakhani khojas (followers of the Aga Khan) are part of the gujarati minority of Madagascar. Facing divisions and conflicts, the khojas remaining followers of the Aga Khan set up a new community to counter the influence of the ithna ashery shiite Islam. Observed from Madagascar, they appear as a minority of low socio-economic status, and not so different from other gujaratis. However, after the Second World War, they become one of the most known communities. A reflection about the construction of identities of gujaratis of the Indian Ocean in relation to local and international political contexts, the study shows that the forms of the extra-territorial relations of gujaratis are partly determined by their mode of integration. In this process, the dynamism of the agakhani khoja community is very specific. Early and centralized, it is based on religion and articulated with the foreign condition of both religious leader and followers. We will present the different periods of its production, spread and appropriation by the agakhani khojas of Madagascar and will show that the internationalized community construction based in East Africa as well as the Aga Khan's own status enable the increase of the statutory position of the group
Ba, Amadou. « Des "Sénégalais" à Madagascar : militaires ouest-africains dans la conquête et la colonisation de la Grande-île (1895-1960) ». Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070024.
Texte intégralOf Senegalese in Madagascar : West African Soldiers in the Colonization of the Grande Ile (1895-1960) France, in the second half of the 19th century, in an attempt to regain part of the grandeur she had lost during the Napoleonic wars, and most significantly in the aftermath of her defeat against Prussia in 1980, resumed her colonization policy in Africa and the Indian Ocean. In March 1895, an expedition launched against the Grande ile resulted in the capture of Antanananarivo in September that same year. The troops sent to this country included individuals hailing from Afrique Occidentale Française (French West Africa), usually referred to as the "tirailleurs senegalais" - even though most of them did not originate from the colony of Senegal per se, but rather from other territories - who played a significant part After being used as units of conquest and « pacifying », the African recruits from the A. O. F, Afrique occidentale française (French West Africa), remained stationed in this southwestern Indian océan colony as an occupying force and turned into police forces. In the year 1947, a violent insurrection broke out in eastern Madagascar. In order to repress this uprising, France sent once more battalions of "tirailleurs sénégalais", quartered in her Djibouti base, but also in metropolitan France. Many of those soldiers were killed (1,900 "tirailleurs" died). At the end of the operation, large numbers of those soldiers were maintained in this country as policemen, as had been the case at the beginning of the XIXth century, and without ever returning to their homeland. Drawing from archives (Vincennes and Aix-en-Provence in France, the National Archives of Senegal and the Archives of the Republic of Madagascar), iconography and films, fieldwork carried out in Madagascar in 2006, in Senegal (2006 and 2008), and in France; but drawing mostly from books and journals on the history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais", colonial French and Malagasy military history, I seek to pièce together this history of the "tirailleurs sénégalais". A history both neglected by scholars and overlooked by the French nation. My dissertation falls into three chapters: First, I analyze the main motivations behind the military draft in West Africa used so as to conquer a colony located thousands of kilometers away from A. O. F. (French West Africa). What were the particulars, the methods, and the strategies of the draft? What was the position of the A. O. F. In this draft? How did the young African view the army? Where those recruits volunteers? What were their social and ethnic backgrounds? The second chapter is devoted to the study of the various missions the tirailleurs sénégalais were trusted with. What was their role in the colonization of Malagascar? What happened to them after the conquest and "pacifying"? Lastly, I turn to the contemporary impact of a West African presence in the colonization of Madagascar through three themes:
Romeuf-Salomone, Sophie. « Le pouvoir colonial et les communautés étrangères à Madagascar : 1896-1939 ». Aix-Marseille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX10046.
Texte intégralLambert, Olivier. « Marseille et Madagascar : histoire d'une aventure outre-mer : entrepreneurs et activités portuaires, stratégies économiques et mentalités coloniales (1840-1976) ». Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0030.
Texte intégralRazaimiandrisoa, Nirina. « Représentations de la société malgache dans les nouvelles d'un auteur malgache des années 30, Alfred Ramandiamanana (1886-1939) ». Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0028.
Texte intégralThe thesis focuses on the representations of the Malagasy society in the short stories of the writer of the 30s, writing in Malagasy, Alfred RAMANDIAMANANA (1886-1939).Writer, poet and short story writer at the beginning of the colonial era in Madagascar from 1906 to 1939, Ramandiamanana, nostalgic of the pre-colonial era joined a secret nationalist society discovered towards the end of 1915. The secret society turned out to be an intellectual movement whose main objectives were to preserve the national unity and the struggle for the development of Madagascar. For nearly thirty years, he published either poems, or text analysis, or short stories, dispersed in the first Malagasy non-denominational newspapers of the early twentieth century. It becomes therefore interesting to reflect on the direction taken by these various forms of writings while putting them in their historical context.The thesis is presented in two volumes. Volume I, the Analysis, examines the relationship between history and politics as well as the status of the Malagasy language in relation to the French language introduced by colonialism. During this period of colonial pacification, the press was muzzled by censorship and the repression was severe. Thus, the analysis focuses on the ways in which the intellectuals took over ownership of the language while taking into account the critique of the colonial society and the Malagasy society of the time, using a coded language. The author also uses laughter to get his message across to the readers. His works express the cultural commitment of the author.Volume II consists of 48 texts in Malagasy with the French translation by Nirina Vololomaharo RAZAIMIANDRISOA. Granted that the language used and the context are not always known to the public today, detailed explanations are provided in footnotes
Tsiarify, Lalao. « Conflits franco-allemands et présence missionnaire : la fondation et le développement de la mission des Capucins d'Alsace à Madagascar (1932-1960) ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20074.
Texte intégralThe present dissertation, titled French and German conflicts and missionary presence. The foundation and development of the Capuchin mission in Madagascar (1932-1960) deals with the crises that the Capuchin friars from Alsace had to face while settling in Madagascar in the early thirties. On February, 2nd 1932, Pius XI issued the Supremi apostolatus munus, a motu proprio whose effect was to transfer the aggrandized apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the latter. This marked the beginning of a missionary adventure on the large Madagascar Island for those clergymen. They inherited this territory from the Fathers of the Holy Spirit who had been in Nosy-Be since 1879. This transfer, and their arrival brought about the question of the transmission of assets. This became a real issue as it took place in the broader context of a general dispute between former and new missionaries along with a conflict of authority between Father Lopinot and Brother Brillaud from the Congregation of the Brothers of Saint-Gabriel and the Committee for Catholic Popular Action in Nossi-Bé. Added to that, the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were the target of heated debates on grounds such as their origin, identity, or patriotic spirit. The various sources available lay bare a number of attempts at giving a diplomatic and political dimension to the specific problem of the change of missionaries. Opponents of the clergymen from Alsace put forward their German nature, thereby questioning their affiliation with France. Capuchin Friars of Alsatian origin were suspected of acting in the interest of the Germans and were accused of destroying French religious values and traditions. What actually happened was that they were utilising French and Germans conflicts to fuel a crisis of authority and personal conflicts, as in truth, this crisis was by no means representative of the political and diplomatic disagreements between Germany and France. The first chapter of this dissertation recounts the story of the Capuchin settlement in the Alsatian region from 1729 to 1932. The German sovereign power taking over Alsace and Lorraine in 1871 had repercussions on the history of the Capuchin province in Alsace, which was suppressed during the French Revolution. Faced with the Kulturkampf, their fellows from the Rhineland and Westphalia settled in the Alsatian region in 1888. The Capuchin province in former Reichland Elsaß-Lothringen rose again after World War I. The second chapter focuses on the evolution of French and German relationships during the second half of the twenties and early thirties. It addresses the question of the mission in the tumultuous context of international rivalries at the end of hostilities. Specific attention is paid to Germany, France and the Vatican. This part ends on a chapter about the 1932 transfer of the apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the Capuchin Friars from Alsace. This chapter briefly recounts how that territory had been evangelised prior to their arrival and describes the state of the mission in the Sambirano and Maromandia regions around the end of the twenties and early thirties — a period marked by a jurisdiction conflict between the apostolic curacy of Majunga and Diego-Suarez. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the crisis and the hardships the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were faced with as they settled in Madagascar. It examines the contention between former and new missionaries concerning the assets of the mission. This took place under Father Lopinot (1932-1937). This part also tackles the conflict of authority between the latter and Brother Brillaud, a brother of Saint-Gabriel, on the question of the municipal fanfare. Their quarrel took place in the context of the commemoration of the 1918 armistice
Rasoloarivony, Theis Lala Voahangimampionona. « Migration interne et éducation : transrégionalisme et développement. Cas de la commune rurale de Lohariandava dans la région Atsinanana à Madagascar ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCF041.
Texte intégralAs part of the implementation of the Jirama water and electricity company since 1978, several types of internal migration are practiced in the rural commune of Lohariandava in the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar. They have the transregional aspect of the fact that the migrants invest on two or more regions of the island’s hill to develop them. The results of the socio-anthropological surveys helped explain how transregionalism affects not only the economic life but also the educational life of the children of migrant and indigenous people in Lohariandava. The rurban characteristics of the study area participate in the implementation of all kids of development action. Each transmigrant is a development Actor. The non-consideration of the culture of each Actor can hamper the eradication of feelings of incomprehension and xenophobia. The multirational theory of Jean-Pierre Olivier De Sardan will make it possible to confront and consider the different logics of the presence of all Actors in the migratory zone and proposes solutions to achieve a single goal: the real development of the country