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D'Addato, Matteo. "Progetto di un PLL analogico a bassissimo consumo per sistemi wake-up radio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17477/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Nei nodi wireless per applicazioni IoT, i ricetrasmettitori (transceiver) a radio-frequenza (RF) sono responsabili della maggior parte del consumo di potenza. Inoltre, se da un lato il picco di potenza assorbita avviene in corrispondenza degli istanti di trasmissione, dall’altro il ricevitore, che deve essere mantenuto sempre attivo anche quando il resto del sistema è in stato di “idle”, consuma una buona frazione dell’energia totale. Al fine di ridurre questo consumo, una particolare tipologia di ricevitori detti di “wake-up” sono tra i principali oggetti di ricerca nell’ambito dell’IoT. Essi hanno prestazioni ridotte e consumo molto basso, poiché devono restare sempre attivi mentre il resto del nodo è in stato di “idle”. Tale Wake-Up Radio (WUR) ha il compito di “ascoltare” il canale e attivare il ricevitore principale ed il microcontrollore solo quando c’è qualche richiesta in arrivo. Una parte integrante del ricevitore Wake-Up è il circuito per la decodifica dei byte trasmessi, che di solito comprendono almeno un codice d’indirizzo, che deve essere estratto e confrontato con l’indirizzo memorizzato nel ricevitore. Soltanto se questo confronto ha esito positivo viene attivato il resto del sistema.
L’obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è il progetto di un sistema di clock recovery basato su PLL analogico a bassissimo consumo per sistemi Wake-Up Radio di tipo short-range caratterizzati da una bit rate di 1 kbps. Tale sistema deve fornire alla rete di controllo un clock allineato in fase e frequenza con i dati ricevuti. Rispetto ad altri sistemi in cui si deve semplicemente decodificare un indirizzo, la soluzione basata su PLL oggetto di questo studio (poiché implica consumi e tempi di aggancio non trascurabili) è particolarmente adatta per lunghe trasmissioni. Nel progetto di un PLL a basso consumo l’obiettivo consiste nell’ottimizzare il trade-off tra consumo (con correnti nell’ordine del nanowatt) e tempo di aggancio.
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VALLICELLI, ELIA ARTURO. "Design of Mixed-Signal Electronic Instrumentation for Proton Sound Detectors." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/301978.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La tecnica acustica di verifica sperimentale del range di protoni (ionoacustica) si basa sul rilevamento del debole segnale termoacustico emesso dalla rapida deposizione di energia che avviene alla fine range del fascio, in corrispondenza del picco di Bragg. In questo contesto, questa tesi presenta le principali caratteristiche della strumentazione microelettronica utilizzata per i Proton Sound Detector introducendo specifiche tecniche di progettazione fortemente orientate sia alla massimizzazione del Rapporto Segnale Rumore SNR (a livello di sensore acustico) che minimizzazione della figura di rumore (a livello di amplificatore analogico).
La prima parte di questa tesi tratta delle sfide strumentali relative agli esperimenti ionoacustici fornendo dettagli tecnici specifici riguardanti sia la progettazione del sensore acustico (ovvero come costruire il sensore massimizzando l'SNR) sia il design dell'amplificatore a basso rumore (LNA).
Verranno presentati i risultati sperimentali di un primo esperimento effettuato presso il Laboratorio Maier-Leibniz di Garching, Monaco, con un fascio di protoni a 20 MeV (scenario preclinico) e verrà mostrato come una progettazione elettronica dedicata a segnali misti permetta di migliorare significativamente il rapporto segnale-rumore e l'accuratezza della localizzazione del picco di Bragg di 6 dB.
In questo contesto, questo primo sviluppo del rivelatore raggiunge due importanti obiettivi: il miglioramento dell'SNR a parità di dose e una forte semplificazione della strumentazione del rivelatore rispetto allo stato dell'arte, consentendo una maggiore precisione della misurazione dell'impulso acustico, e allo stesso tempo incrementando la portabilità e la compattezza del dispositivo.
Nelle applicazioni cliniche di adroterapia, l'energia del fascio (da 65 MeV fino a 200 MeV) e la dose vengono scelte in funzione dello specifico scenario clinico. Ciò comporta segnali acustici di ampiezza e larghezza di banda diverse, costringendo l’adozione di soluzioni tecnologiche avanzate in grado di gestire un ampio spettro di segnali in termini di larghezza di banda, ampiezza e rumore. Per questo motivo, la seconda parte di questa tesi propone un modello Matlab efficiente e innovativo del fenomeno fisico ionoacustico, che condensa in un unico sistema lineare tempo invariante tutti i processi di conversione dell'energia coinvolti. Il modello ionoacustico proposto sostituisce i complessi strumenti di simulazione classici (usati per caratterizzare il segnale acustico indotto dal fascio di protoni) e facilita lo sviluppo di rivelatori dedicati fornendo una descrizione precisa del segnale acustico nei diversi scenari.
Infine, verrà presentato il progetto di una seconda versione del Proton Sound Detector che introduce il concetto di media nel dominio dello spazio (invece della media nel dominio del tempo, basata sull’elaborazione di più shot del fascio che comporta una significativa extra-dose). Questo rilevatore utilizza un sensore multicanale per eseguire una media spaziale dei segnali acquisiti e aumentare l'SNR di 18 dB a parità di dose rispetto al classico approccio monocanale. Questo approccio tuttavia richiede lo sviluppo di elettronica altamente miniaturizzata che non può essere implementata con componenti standard su circuiti stampati. Viene quindi presentato il progetto e la caratterizzazione di un front-end analogico multicanale implementato su un Application-Specified-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) in tecnologia CMOS 28 nm che permette di elaborare in parallelo tutti i 64 canali del sensore acustico. Questo High-Resolution Proton Sound Detector (HR-ProSD) è completato da un circuito digitale dedicato implementato su FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) che consente di mappare in tempo reale e 2D la deposizione di dose nello spazio.<br>Acoustic proton range experimental verification technique (iono-acoustics) is based on sensing the weak thermoacoustic signal emitted by the fast energy deposition (and/or the heating process) at the end of the beam range (Bragg Peak). In this context, this thesis presents the main characteristics of the micro-electronics instrumentation used for proton sound detectors introducing specific design techniques strongly oriented to both maximization of the acoustic Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (at the Acoustic Sensor level) and Noise-Figure minimization (at analog amplifier level).
The first part of this thesis addresses all the instrumentation challenges related to iono-acoustic experiments providing specific technical details regarding both acoustic sensor design (i.e. how to build the sensor while maximizing the SNR) and the LNA design.
The experimental results of a first experiment carried out at Maier-Leibniz Laboratory in Garching, Munich, with a proton beam at 20 MeV (sub-clinical energy) will be presented and it will be shown how a dedicated mixed-signal electronics design allows to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy of the BP localization by 6 dB.
In this context, this first detector development achieves two important objectives: the improvement of the acoustic SNR and a strong simplification of the detector instrumentation w.r.t. state-of-the-art, enabling increasing accuracy of the acoustic pulse measurement, and at the same time the portability and compactness of the device.
In clinical hadron-therapy applications, variable beam energy (from 65 MeV up to 200 MeV) and variable doses are used as a function of the selected medical treatment. This induces different acoustic pulses amplitude and bandwidth, forcing advanced technological solutions capable of handling a wide spectrum of signals in terms of bandwidth, amplitude, and noise. For this reason, the second part of this thesis proposes an efficient and innovative Matlab Model of the ionoacoustic physical phenomenon, based on englobing in a single mathematical Linear-Time-Invariant-System all energy conversion processes involved in iono-acoustics. The proposed ionoacoustics model replaces classical and complex simulation tools (used to characterize the proton induced acoustic signal) and facilitates the development of dedicated detectors.
Finally, the design of a second version of the Proton Sound Detector will be presented that introduces the concept of space-domain averaging (instead of time-domain averaging based on multiple beam shot processing for noise attenuation and thus extra-doses). This detector uses a multi-channel sensor to perform a spatial average of the acquired signals and increase the SNR by 18 dB at the same dose compared to the classic single channel approach. This approach however requires the development of highly miniaturized electronics that cannot be implemented with off-the-shelf components on Printed Circuit Boards. The design and characterization of a multichannel analog front-end implemented on a CMOS 28 nm Application-Specified-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) which allows to process the 64 channels of the acoustic sensor in parallel is then presented. This High-Resolution Proton Sound Detector (HR-ProSD) is completed by digital circuits implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that allow to locate in real time the deposition of energy in space.
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Souza, Junior Adao Antonio de. "Digital approach for the design of statistical analog data acquisition on SoCs." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/11491.
Texte intégralRésumé :
With the current demand for mixed-signal SoCs, an increasing number of designers are looking for ADC architectures that can be easily implemented over digital substrates. Since ADC performance is strongly dependent upon physical and electrical features, it gets more difficult for them to benefit from more recent technologies, where these features are more variable. This way, analog signal acquisition is not allowed to follow an evolutionary trend compatible with Moore’s Law. In fact, such trend shall get worst, since newer technologies are expected to have more variable characteristics. Also, for a matter of economy of scale, many times a mixed-signal SoC presents a good amount of idle processing power. In such systems it is advantageous to employ more costly digital signal processing provided that it allows a reduction in the analog area demanded or the use of less expensive analog blocks, able to cope with process variations and uncertainty. Besides the technological concerns, other factors that impact the cost of the design also advise to transfer problems from the analog to the digital domain whenever possible: design automation and self-test requirements, for instance. Recent surveys indicate that the total cost in designer hours for the analog blocks of a mixed-signal system can be up to three times the cost of the digital ones. This manuscript explores the concept of bottom-up analog acquisition design, using statistical sampling as a way to reduce the analog area demanded in the design of ADCs within mixed-signal systems. More particularly, it investigates the possibility of using digital modeling and digital compensation of non-idealities to ease the design of ADCs. The work is developed around three axes: the definition of target applications, the development of digital compensation algorithms and the exploration of architectural possibilities. New methods and architectures are defined and validated. The main notions behind the proposal are analyzed and it is shown that the approach is feasible, opening new paths of future research. Keywords:
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Balazs, Marton E. "Design Simplification by Analogical Reasoning." Digital WPI, 2000. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/60.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ever since artifacts have been produced, improving them has been a common human activity. Improving an artifact refers to modifying it such that it will be either easier to produce, or easier to use, or easier to fix, or easier to maintain, and so on. In all of these cases, "easier" means fewer resources are required for those processes. While 'resources' is a general measure, which can ultimately be expressed by some measure of cost (such as time or money), we believe that at the core of many improvements is the notion of reduction of complexity, or in other words, simplification. This talk presents our research on performing design simplification using analogical reasoning. We first define the simplification problem as the problem of reducing the complexity of an artefact from a given point of view. We propose that a point of view from which the complexity of an artefact can be measured consists of a context, an aspect and a measure. Next, we describe an approach to solving simplification problems by goal-directed analogical reasoning, as our implementation of this approach. Finally, we present some experimental results obtained with the system. The research presented in this dissertation is significant as it focuses on the intersection of a number of important, active research areas - analogical reasoning, functional representation, functional reasoning, simplification, and the general area of AI in Design.
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Balazs, Marton E. "Design simplification by analogical reasoning." Link to electronic version, 1999. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0209100-051108/.
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Helms, Michael. "Analogical problem evolution in biologically inspired design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50387.
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Biologically inspired design (BID) is a widespread and growing movement in modern design, pulled in part by the need for environmentally sustainable design and pushed partly by rapid advances in biology and the desire for creativity and innovation in design. Yet, our current understanding of cognition in BID is limited and at present there are few computational methods or tools available for supporting its practice. In this dissertation, I develop a cognitive model of BID, build computational methods and tools for supporting its practice, and describe results from deploying the methods and the tools in a Georgia Tech BID class.
One key and novel finding in my cognitive study of BID is the surprisingly large degree to which biological analogues influence problem formulation and understanding in addition to generation of design solutions. I call the process by which a biological analogue influences the evolution of the problem formulation analogical problem evolution. I use the method of grounded theory to develop a knowledge schema called SR.BID (for structured representations for biologically inspired design) for representing design problem formulations. I show through case study analysis that SR.BID provides a useful analytic framework for understanding the two-way interaction between problems and solutions.
I then develop two tools based on the SR.BID schema to scaffold the processes of problem formulation and analogue evaluation in BID. I deployed the two tools, the four-box method of problem specification and the T-chart method of analogical evaluation, in a Georgia Tech BID class. I show that with minimal training, the four-box method was used by students to complete design problem specifications in 2011 and 2012 with 75% of students achieving better than 80% accuracy. Finally I describe a web-based application for interactively supporting BID practice including problem formulation and analogue evaluation.
Thus, my dissertation develops a cognitive model of analogical problem evolution in BID, a knowledge schema for representing problem formulations, a computational technique for evaluating biological analogues, and an interactive web-based tool for supporting BID practice. Through a better cognitive understanding of BID and computational methods and tools for supporting its practice, it also contributes to computational creativity.
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Craig, David Latch. "Perceptual simulation and analogical reasoning in design." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23940.
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Choi, Doo Won. "Analogy and architectural design : an operational process to transfer design solutions from architectural precedents to new building design." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247597.
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Pickersgill, Robert Sean, and sean pickersgill@unisa edu au. "Architecture and Horror: Analogical Explorations in Architectural Design." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090525.162052.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis examines the relationship between the practice of architectural design and the media through which it is represented. It makes a consistent critical appraisal of the philosophical presumptions under which architectural theory is made, in particular, the relationship between theories of expression and representation. The thesis presents seven distinct projects by the author which developmentally explore the degree to which architecture is able to represent the sublime - in particular through the concept of horror. In this instance horror emerges as a category of excess that supervenes the uses of the term in the genres of film and literary studies. Within the thesis horror describes an (impossible) objective for representation The thesis argues that the environment within which these philosophical questions of 'effect' may most resonantly be explored is, ultimately, digital media. The author draws on contemporary commentary by Jacques Derrida and Georges Bataille, in particular Derrida's discussion of the Parergon and contemporary discussion of l'informe, the informal to support these arguments. It is within the apparently 'real' environments of virtual reality that the presentation of the mise-en-scene of horror may be explored. Immersive digital environments, it is argued, provide an appropriate level of freedom and direction for the exploration of the spatial experience of the abyss. The thesis concludes by presenting observations on the antinomy of aspirations that any materialist theory of architectural practice must attend to when working within digital media.
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Hassard, S. "The persistence of analogies in design decision-making." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318083/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Previous theories of design decision-making have discussed how designers use analogical reasoning to quickly scope the solution space down to one viable solution. This initial analogy forms the template of a possible action plan that is then modified to suit the unique properties of that particular problem. This use of analogical reasoning allows designers to quickly engage with the problem and generate a workable solution. Our findings indicate that this initial analogy actually persists across all stages of decision-making, and does not play a role solely during the first stage of scoping. This analogical persistence leads to poorer design decisions. This thesis presents a series of studies that adopt a mixed method approach to investigating the influence of analogies on the decision-making of Interaction Designers. We employed qualitative methods such as the Critical Decision Method for Eliciting Knowledge (Klein, 1989), which aided in identifying analogical persistence as a problem that leads to poorer quality decisions. We also employed quantitative methods such as the Design Fixation paradigm (Jansson & Smith, 1991) to investigate how different types of analogies (self-generated & provided Priming Analogies) can influence the expression of analogical persistence. Finally in an attempt to mitigate the potential pitfalls of analogical persistence, this thesis attempts to control it using principles from Design Rationale (Lee & Lai, 1991) and Reflection (Schon, 1983). Rather than seeing a decrease in analogical persistence, our manipulation actually increased fixation. A follow-up study identified that designers tend to poorly appraise the weaknesses in the initial analogy, which may have led to the aforementioned unexpected result. These findings challenge the notion that greater understanding of the design space will lead to higher quality design decisions.
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Milette, Greg P. "Analogical matching using device-centric and environment-centric representations of function." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-145255/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.<br>Keywords: Analogy, Design, Functional Modeling, Functional Reasoning, Knowledge Representation, Repertory Grid, SME, Structure Mapping Engine, AI in design. Includes bibliographical references (p.106).
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Vattam, Swaroop. "Interactive analogical retrieval: practice, theory and technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45798.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Analogy is ubiquitous in human cognition. One of the important questions related to understanding the situated nature of analogy-making is how people retrieve source analogues via their interactions with external environments. This dissertation studies interactive analogical retrieval in the context of biologically inspired design (BID). BID involves creative use of analogies to biological systems to develop solutions for complex design problems (e.g., designing a device for acquiring water in desert environments based on the analogous fog-harvesting abilities of the Namibian Beetle). Finding the right biological analogues is one of the critical first steps in BID. Designers routinely search online in order to find their biological sources of inspiration. But this task of online bio-inspiration seeking represents an instance of interactive analogical retrieval that is extremely time consuming and challenging to accomplish. This dissertation focuses on understanding and supporting the task of online bio-inspiration seeking.
Through a series of field studies, this dissertation uncovered the salient characteristics and challenges of online bio-inspiration seeking. An information-processing model of interactive analogical retrieval was developed in order to explain those challenges and to identify the underlying causes. A set of measures were put forth to ameliorate those challenges by targeting the identified causes. These measures were then implemented in an online information-seeking technology designed to specifically support the task of online bio-inspiration seeking. Finally, the validity of the proposed measures was investigated through a series of experimental studies and a deployment study. The trends are encouraging and suggest that the proposed measures has the potential to change the dynamics of online bio-inspiration seeking in favor of ameliorating the identified challenges of online bio-inspiration seeking.
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O'Brien, Geoffrey William. "The Development and Implementation of a Multimedia Program that Uses Analogies in Senior High School Chemistry to Enhance Student Learning of Chemical Equilibrium." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2106.
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In this thesis, you will find a review the development process of a multimedia presentation designed to assist the teaching of chemical equilibrium using analogies. The objective of this thesis is to report on the process of designing animated analogies and the subsequent employment of these analogies in a teaching program for grades 11 and 12 students. This thesis describes a case study in the effective use of technology in the classroom based on established research in the field of analogical thinking. The work begins with a review of relevant literature from the fields of constructivism, collaborative learning and multimedia in education. The design phase of the research sought to discover if analogies for chemical equilibrium could be successfully transferred to a multimedia presentation on a computer. The subsequent testing of the software endeavoured to discover the most appropriate teaching strategies and if the use of such a program could enhance the learning process for students. The work resulted in a completed CDROM with full teaching program included which you will find attached to this thesis. The results indicate that the experience was a positive one and that there is some evidence to show increased ability in the students in their attempts to understand a conceptually difficult area of chemistry theory.
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Berzina, Zane. "Skin stories : charting and mapping the skin : research using analogies of human skin tissue in relation to my textile practice." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2004. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/2297/.
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The practice based research "Skin stories: charting and mapping the skin" deals with issues across the fields of art, design, technology, biology and material science. In an attempt to bridge the gap between aesthetics and technology by investigating the potential of new and industrial materials, the epidermis is used as a metaphor for creating innovative textile surfaces which behave, look or feel like skin. As a result of theoretical enquiry and practical experiments, interactive design solutions have been developed to a prototype stage for possible application in domestic environments and public spaces as well as for integration into body related design concepts. The development of such functional and interactive textile membranes will hopefully enable individuals to experience a polysensual and responsive environment and it is this aspect which is considered to be an original contribution to knowledge in the textiles field. The aim of this written thesis is not only to illustrate the journeys and investigations made along the way and to demonstrate the outcome of the research, but also to situate the practical work in its cultural, critical and technological context. This thesis is accompanied by an interactive CD-ROM which is a visual representation of my 'research map' and holds a record of the practical work carried out during the research project. The ideas of the project "Skin stories: charting and mapping the skin" have been developed and tested during a 3-year research programme towards a Ph. D. at The London College of Fashion, University of the Arts London.
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Coatanéa, Eric. "Modélisation du cycle de vie en préconception: Une méthode de modélisation et d'évaluation basée sur les analogies et les nombres sans dimensions." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00393844.
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This thesis develops a paradigm for conceptual design based on the idea that dimensional analysis can improve the evaluation and comparison of concepts of solution during the conceptual design process. The conceptual design approach developed in this research is a combination of tasks which starts with the identification of the customer needs in a formalized manner is followed by the generation of design concepts taking into account the different phases of the physical life cycle and ends by the evaluation and adequacy analysis of the concepts of solution with the formalized needs.<br /><br />The General Design Theory (GDT) is used as the methodological basis of this work. Using the results of GDT, the research introduces a definition of the concept of function which is generic and not dedicated to a solution-based approach. Consequently the concept of function fulfils its intended objective of modelling the design problems at a general level. In addition to the concept of function, this thesis introduces a series of classifications based on generic concepts and rules aimed at generating concepts of solutions progressively. All these concepts are integrated into the developed metamodel framework. The metamodel provides a group of generic concepts associated with laws and mapped with a normalized functional vocabulary. The metamodel framework is an intermediate structure developed in order to provide guidance during the synthesis process and to meet the initial condition in order to transform the classification structure into a metric space. A metric space is a topological space with a unique metric. The transformation of the initial topological space into a metric space can be obtained when a series of conditions are verified. The first condition consists of clustering the concepts of solutions in order to underline the comparable aspects in each of them. This is done by using a set of dedicated rules. In addition three other fundamental conditions should be obtained. The metamodel framework ensures the first condition; an enhanced fundamental system of unit provides the second condition and a paradigm of separation of concept the third one. When all these three conditions are verified, it becomes possible to transform the design problems modelled by four types of generic variables into a series of dimensionless groups. This transformation process is achieved by using the Vashy-Buckingham theorem and the Butterfield's paradigm. The Butterfield's paradigm is used in order to select the minimum set of repeated variables which ensure the non-singularity of the metrization procedure. This transformation process ends with the creation of a machinery dedicated to the qualitative simulation of the concepts of solutions. The thesis ends with the study of practical cases.
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Goucher-Lambert, Kosa Kendall. "Investigating Decision Making in Engineering Design Through Complementary Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroimaging Experiments." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/910.
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Decision-making is a fundamental process of human thinking and behavior. In engineering design, decision-making is studied from two different points of view: users and designers. User focused design studies tend to investigate ways to better inform the design process through the elicitation of preferences or information. Designer studies are broad in nature, but usually attempt to illustrate and understand some aspect of designer behavior, such as ideation, fixation, or collaboration. Despite their power, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are ultimately limited by the fact that they rely on direct input from the research participants themselves. This can be problematic, as individuals may not be able to accurately represent what they are truly thinking, feeling, or desiring at the time of the decision. A fundamental goal in both user- and designer-focused studies is to understand how the mind works while individuals are making decisions. This dissertation addresses these issues through the use of complementary behavioral and neuroimaging experiments, uncovering insights into how the mind processes design-related decision-making and the implications of those processes. To examine user decision-making, a visual conjoint analysis (preference modeling approach) was utilized for sustainable preference judgments. Here, a novel preference-modeling framework was employed, allowing for the real time calculation of dependent environmental impact metrics during individual choice decisions. However, in difficult moral and emotional decision-making scenarios, such as those involving sustainability, traditional methods of uncovering user preferences have proven to be inconclusive. To overcome these shortcomings, a neuroimaging approach was used. Specifically, study participants completed preference judgments for sustainable products inside of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. Results indicated that theory of mind and moral reasoning processes occur during product evaluations involving sustainability. Designer decision-making was explored using an analogical reasoning and concept development experiment. First, a crowdsourcing method was used to obtain meaningful analogical stimuli, which were validated using a behavioral experiment. Following this, fMRI was used to uncover the neural mechanisms associated with analogical reasoning in design. Results demonstrated that analogies generally benefit designers; particularly after significant time on idea generation has taken place. Neuroimaging data helped to show two distinct brain activation networks based upon reasoning with and without analogies. We term these fixation driven external search and analogically driven internal search.. Fixation driven external search shows designers during impasse, as increased activation in brain regions associated with visual processing causes them to direct attention outward in search of inspiration. Conversely, during analogically driven internal search, significant areas of activation are observed in bilateral temporal and left parietal regions of the brain. These brain regions are significant, as prior research has linked them to semantic word-processing, directing attention to memory retrieval, and insight during problem solving. It is during analogically driven internal search that brain activity shows the most effective periods of ideation by participants.
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O'Brien, Geoffrey William. "The Development and Implementation of a Multimedia Program that Uses Analogies in Senior High School Chemistry to Enhance Student Learning of Chemical Equilibrium." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12356.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this thesis, you will find a review the development process of a multimedia presentation designed to assist the teaching of chemical equilibrium using analogies. The objective of this thesis is to report on the process of designing animated analogies and the subsequent employment of these analogies in a teaching program for grades 11 and 12 students. This thesis describes a case study in the effective use of technology in the classroom based on established research in the field of analogical thinking. The work begins with a review of relevant literature from the fields of constructivism, collaborative learning and multimedia in education. The design phase of the research sought to discover if analogies for chemical equilibrium could be successfully transferred to a multimedia presentation on a computer. The subsequent testing of the software endeavoured to discover the most appropriate teaching strategies and if the use of such a program could enhance the learning process for students. The work resulted in a completed CDROM with full teaching program included which you will find attached to this thesis. The results indicate that the experience was a positive one and that there is some evidence to show increased ability in the students in their attempts to understand a conceptually difficult area of chemistry theory.
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Piva, Filippo. "Soluzioni digitali e analogiche per la garanzia di sicurezza in sottosistemi critici ferroviari." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Trouver le texte intégralRésumé :
Il trasporto ferroviario evolve verso scenari caratterizzati da convogli che viaggiano sempre più ravvicinati e a velocità crescente, il che richiede standard di sicurezza sempre più elevati. Rendere più sicuri treni che viaggiano a distanze ridotte significa poterli localizzare con precisione, cosa che oggi viene fatta anche con soluzioni che si basano sul principio della odometria. Con lo sguardo rivolto al futuro, Rete Ferroviaria Italiana e Arces stanno sviluppando un nuovo sistema di localizzazione odometrica. Questa tesi ha l’obiettivo di studiare una soluzione che assicuri al percorso dei dati del sottosistema di odometria, dal sensore all’elaborazione digitale, una Probability of Failure per Hour non inferiore a 10^-9.
Per realizzarlo è stato necessario assicurare l’integrità di una sezione analogica rispetto ai guasti di tipo stuck-at. Sono state quindi studiate le dinamiche di guasto, calcolato il MTBF e infine sono stati pensati stimoli di test in ingresso con controllo delle uscite, pilotati da una sezione digitale. La difficoltà principale è stata rendere trasparenti gli stimoli di test alla logica di elaborazione odometrica, in modo da non compromettere i segnali vitali.
Inoltre è stato necessario controllare l’assenza di anomalie nel sensore e nel cavo di trasmissione che lo collega alla sezione analogica, attraverso la misura di corrente assorbita dall’alimentazione. Per farlo è stato progettato un circuito per le misure di corrente ed è stata programmata la sezione digitale per digitalizzare e verificare le misure.
Infine è stata redatta la documentazione formale con la descrizione delle scelte progettuali e dei collaudi effettuati in laboratorio, al fine di ottenere la certificazione di sicurezza SIL4, la più alta possibile, come previsto da RFI.
L’architettura della sezione digitale in cui si è lavorato era mista, comprendente FPGA e MCU. L’innovazione del progetto risiede nel far eseguire quante più operazioni possibile alla logica programmabile.
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Ertoptamis, Ozge. "Enhancing Creativity In The Concept Generation Phase: Implementation Of Black Box As A Tool For Analogical Reasoning." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608219/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In recent years, the field of design has met new grounds with the growing awareness among design researchers of the potential relationships between cognitive studies of creativity and computational modeling. The turn of the studies has given rise to the emergence of a new paradigm of modeling and understanding mental processes in creative design. This study tries to gain further insight into the creative occurrence by blending virtual experiences with designer actions in a model of creative thinking in concept generation phase based on the Geneplore Model by Finke et al. (1995) and supported by analogy construction incorporating the implementation of a computer based tool (Black Box) running on PC platform as a potential immanent part of the concept generation phase.
Black Box is devised in such a way that the core of the constructive process of the analogy relies on the designer&<br>#8217<br>s expressional, perceptual and conceptual actions which are presented in the traditional methods of sketching and writing, whereas the change and expansion of the design space is realized through the virtual worlds the tool offers via the computer screen.
The research method is based on the development of Black Box tool and its subsequent implementation in a study with eight experienced design consultants, utilizing a procedure composed of preliminary interview, observational protocol analysis, questionnaire and retrospective interview. Through encoding actions of individual designers by means of their maps in the computational tool, the study yields significant results in revealing differing thinking maps of different designers which have been used to propose a general creative thinking map of concept generation in Black Box presented in a way to be adapted for further studies. Moreover, the study provided insight on the methods used to assist creativity in concept generation by different designers, on the selection of inspirational material and on the integration of analogies as knowledge transformers to evoke design concepts.
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FARY, FEDERICO. "Integrated Circuits Design in Down-scaled Technologies for Wireless Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/301984.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Negli ultimi 30 anni, l’elettronica per le Telecomunicazioni Wireless si è dimostrata una delle forze trainanti nello sviluppo delle nuove tecnologie Complementary Metal-OxideSemiconductor (CMOS). Questa piccola branca del vasto mondo dell’elettronica è infatti in grado di smuovere, in tutto il mondo, miliardi di dollari, molti dei quali inevitabilmente finiscono per finanziare gli avanzati progetti di ricerca in grado di rispondere alle domande del Mercato. In tutto il mondo, le persone chiedono nuovi dispositivi portatili, più performanti, più veloci, più affidabili, che consumino poca potenza e che abbiano una maggiore capacità di immagazzinare dati. Per rispondere a queste richieste, fisici e ingegneri hanno sviluppato nuovi e incredibili nodi tecnologici ultra-scalati, che soddisfano i requisiti di velocità e bassi consumi, garantendo un’impressionante densità circuitale. Al giorno d’oggi, le fonderie come TSMC e Samsung sono in grado di realizzare transistor estremamente piccoli, con lunghezze di canale di soli 7 nm e frequenze di transizione nell’ordine delle centinaia di GHz. Questo sviluppo si rivela estremamente favorevole per lo sviluppo di dispositivi digitali ad alte prestazioni, che raggiungono performance di velocità e di memoria prima inimmaginabili. Non di meno, anche i blocchi analogici devono essere integrati in questi nodi estremamente scalati, in modo da potersi adattare ai circuiti integrati (IC) digitali. Primo obiettivo di questo lavoro di tesi è, quindi, lo sviluppo di IC analogici in nodi tecnologici deep-submicron, come il 28 nm bulk-CMOS e il 16 nm FinFET (Fin Field Effect Transistor). Questo obiettivo è stato raggiunto affrontando diverse difficoltà date dalle scarse performance analogiche di queste tecnologie avanzate, tra cui un basso guadagno intrinseco e una limitata tensione di alimentazione. Il secondo obiettivo di questo lavoro è stato sviluppare questi stessi IC in modo che fossero compatibili con i più moderni standard per telecomunicazioni come LTE e 5G. L’aumento del numero dei dispositivi portatili in tutto il mondo ha, infatti, fatto sì che fosse necessario introdurre nuovi standard, in modo da poter gestire il numero maggiore di dispositivi connessi. Questo lavoro presenta 4 blocchi fondamentali che possono essere impiegati in qualsiasi transceiver di nuova generazione. In particolare, questo lavoro analizza, attraverso estensive simulazioni e misure, 3 filtri analogici in Banda-Base e un amplificatore a guadagno variabile compatibili con applicazioni 5G. Questi design sono stati sviluppati in tecnologia 28 nm CMOS e 16 nm FinFET. Per ogni design vengono mostrate le più importanti difficoltà incontrate e vengono riportate le performance di ogni prototipo in modo da essere confrontate con lo stato dell’arte. Il primo dispositivo e un filtro analogico del sesto ordine basato su una cella Rauch che sfrutta un amplificatore a banda larga per raggiungere alte performance di linearità e una bassa sensitivity del fattore di qualità. Il secondo è un amplificatore a guadagno variabile del terzo ordine, a basso rumore e alta linearità, studiato per essere integrato nella sezione in Banda Base di un dispositivo transceiver Full Duplex compatibile con il 5G. Il terzo e il quarto sono filtri analogici del quarto ordine basati sulla struttura del source-follower, a basso rumore e bassi consumi. Il primo sfrutta la topologia del Flipped-Source-Follower, mentre il secondo integra un innovativo Fully-Differential Super-Source-Follower. Quest’ultimo design inoltre sfrutta la tecnologia FinFET in modo da mantenere alte performance di linearità, nonostante la struttura completamente differenziale, grazie al più grande guadagno intrinseco dei transistor in questo nodo tecnologico.<br>In the last 30 years, Mobile Telecommunication (TLC) electronics proved to be one of the major driving motors in the development of new Complementary Metal-OxideSemiconductor (CMOS) technologies. This limited branch of the electronics world managed to move billions of dollars worldwide, some of which unavoidably ended up in financing advanced research projects to answer market demands. People all around the world ask for extremely performing portable devices, faster, more reliable, low power consuming and with impressive memory capability. To answer all these requests, physics and engineers developed new and incredibly down-scaled technology nodes, which met the high speed and low power consumption requirement, granting an impressive circuital density. Nowadays foundries such as TSMC or Samsung are able to manufacture incredibly small transistor devices, with channel length in the order of only 7 nm and transition frequency in the order of several hundreds of GHz. This situation has become extremely favorable for the development of high-performance digital devices, which are able to reach speed and memory capability previously unbelievable. Nonetheless, also analog building blocks must be integrated in deeply down-scaled node, in order to adapt with digital ICs. First task of this thesis work is to develop analog ICs in deep sub-micron technology nodes, such as 28 nm bulk-CMOS and 16 nm FinFET (Fin Field Effect Transistor). This has been accomplished facing several difficulties given by the very poor analog behavior of such advanced technologies, especially in terms of low transistor intrinsic gain and limited signal headroom, caused by the low supply voltage. The second task of this work is to develop these same analog ICs in order that they meet requirements of the most advanced TLC standards, such as LTE and 5G. The increased number of portable devices worldwide made in fact unavoidable the introduction of new communication standards, in order to face the huge number of connected devices. This work presents 4 building blocks that can be exploited in every next generation transceiver device. In detail, this work analyzes though extended simulations and measurements 3 Base-Band analog filters and 1 variable gain amplifier, suitable for 5G applications. These designs have been developed in 28nm CMOS and 16 nm FinFET. Each design shows the most important difficult that was faced for its realization and highlight the most important performances of every prototype device, with an extensive confrontation with the State-of-the Art. The first device is a 6th Order Rauch based analog filter, which exploit a large bandwidth amplifier to achieve low quality factor sensitivity and high linearity performances. The second is a 3rd order variable gain amplifier, with low noise and high linearity performances, suitable to be integrated in a Full-Duplex 5G transceiver Base-Band section. The third and fourth devices are Source-Follower-based 4th order filters with very low noise and low power performances. One exploit the Flipped-Source-Follower architecture, while the second integrates an innovative Fully-Differential Super-Source-Follower topology. This last design also exploits the advanced FinFET technology, which shows better intrinsic gain, in order to maintain high linearity performances, despite the Fully-Differential configuration.
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Cassier, Jean-Laurent. "Argumentation et conception collaborative de produits industriels." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557483.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Notre travail caractérise le processus argumentatif par lequel des concepteurs, porteurs d'expertises différentes, interagissent pour élaborer une solution satisfaisant les contraintes de chacun d'entre eux. Dans une première étude de cas, une analyse descriptive menée conjointement par des chercheurs en linguistique, en sciences cognitives et en mécanique, nous permet de dresser une typologie des interactions collaboratives de conception. Nous identifions un ensemble de mécanismes interactionnels, montrant la prédominance de certaines interactions ou encore la similarité des profils des concepteurs. Nous construisons ensuite des graphes argumentatifs qui nous aident à identifier des patterns d'interactions argumentatives déjà connus. L'analyse des graphes montre également l'importance du critère d'analogie dans l'activité de conception. Pour notre seconde étude de cas, nous concevons un outil d'assistance à la conception qui doit aider les concepteurs à construire des analogies collectivement. L'outil implémenté n'est pas intégré aux pratiques des concepteurs, ce qui nous conduit à nous interroger sur les conditions de sa mise en place.
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Kennedy, Emily Barbara. "Biomimicry in Industry: The Philosophical and Empirical Rationale for Reimagining R&D." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1491505696395819.
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Holt, Jerred Charles. "Emergent Features and Perceptual Objects: A Reexamination of Fundamental Principles in Display Design." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1386668979.
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Andrade, Leandro Marino Vieira. "Construção e abertura : diálogos Christopher Alexander - Jean Piaget." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36808.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget examina a construção do conhecimento, no campo da Arquitetura e Urbanismo, através da articulação das abordagens dos dois autores destacados no título da tese, na perspectiva de esboçar elementos para uma teoria e uma pedagogia do processo de projeto. Neste sentido, o trabalho organiza-se em duas partes: Aberturas – contexto teórico Para compreender os processos cognitivos envolvidos na concepção do projeto arquitetural no âmbito do ateliê pedagógico, a investigação busca estabelecer um diálogo teórico que encontra pontos de contato entre a tradição da Epistemologia Genética iniciada por Jean Piaget, e o pensamento do arquiteto austro-americano Christopher Alexander. Desde o construtivismo piagetiano, interessa, em especial, a noção dos possíveis, passando pelas formulações referentes à percepção e representação espacial, pelos processos de tomada de consciência no percurso entre o fazer e o compreender, e pelos fundamentos de uma lógica de significações. Desde a abordagem de Alexander, tomam-se, em especial, as noções de linguagem de padrões e de totalidades crescentes para explicar as relações entre os sujeitos do processo projetual e o ambiente construído, na emergência de uma ordem espacial coerente através de contínuos ajustes entre forma e contexto. O espaço de encontro entre os dois pensadores se explicita através de uma abordagem epistemológica apoiada no conceito de sistema, e no princípio cibernético de equilibração. No caso de Piaget, isto implica estados majorantes de assimilação na interação entre sujeito e objeto de conhecimento; na abordagem de Alexander, isso se revela através da analogia entre sistemas ambientais construídos pelo homem e organismos vivos, que pode ser descrita na forma de um conjunto de princípios projetuais bem definidos. Construções – contexto pedagógico No plano pedagógico, foi elaborado um experimento, oferecido a estudantes de graduação e, Arquitetura e Urbanismo, procedentes de diferentes etapas do curso, objetivando: i) a reflexão em torno do quadro teórico apresentado, ii) a exploração de tecnologias de simulação gráfica; iii) o agenciamento de meios de trabalho cooperativo, presencial e à distância, e; iv) o desenvolvimento de exercícios de projeto apoiados nas reflexões derivadas de (i), (ii) e (iii), no sentido de promover desequilíbrios cognitivos, sugerindo percursos de trabalho diferentes daqueles com os quais os estudantes estão familiarizados. O experimento estrutura-se em três exercícios, correspondentes, grosso modo, às etapas de concepção, desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de um projeto arquitetônico ou urbanístico. Casa tomada, baseado no conto homônimo do argentino Julio Cortázar, aborda a pedagogia da metáfora, propondo uma transcrição da narrativa ficcional para o espaço arquitetônico, reconstituindo topologicamente a trama urdida pelo escritor. Cidade das palavras reflete o âmbito denominado pedagogia do linguajar, e propõe o desenvolvimento de narrativas "genéticas" construídas através do trabalho cooperativo, em escalas de organização de crescente complexidade. Desenho e canteiro especula sobre uma pedagogia da precisão, inspirando-se na reflexão do arquiteto brasileiro Sérgio Ferro sobre os processos de produção da arquitetura, sendo os estudantes desafiados a simular, com ferramentas digitais, elementos construtivos tomados dos exercícios iniciais, promovendo reequilibrações no processo de aprendizagem. As “pedagogias” da metáfora, do linguajar e da precisão, integradas na reflexão sobre o fazer e o compreender, buscam constituir uma "ecologia" que enlaça sujeitos, conceitos e tecnologias. O trabalho conclui com um conjunto de crônicas que examinam diferentes aspectos do percurso realizado.<br>Construção e abertura: diálogos Alexander-Piaget (Construction and overture: dialogues Alexander-Piaget) examines the construction of knowledge in the field of Architecture and Planning, through the combination of the approaches of two prominent authors detached in the title of the thesis, aiming outlines elements for a theory and a pedagogy of the design process. In this sense, the work is organized into two parts: Overtures – theoretical context To realize cognitive processes involved in the architectural design within the pedagogic studio, the research seeks to establish a theoretical dialogue that finds points of contact between the tradition by Genetic Epistemology started by Jean Piaget, and the theories of Austro-American architect Christopher Alexander. Since Piaget's constructivism, interests, in particular, the notion of the possibles, through the formulation on the perception and spatial representation, through the processes of awareness on the route between to do and to understand, and the foundations for a logic of meanings. Since the approach of Alexander, detaching, especially, the notions of Pattern Language and the growing wholes, to explain relations between subjects of the design process and the built environment, in the emergence of a coherent ordered space through continuous fitness between form and context. The space of encounter between the two thinkers is explained through an epistemological approach based on the concept of system, and the cybernetic principle of balance. In the case of Piaget, this implies upper bounds states of assimilation in the interaction between subject and object of knowledge; from the approach of Alexander, it is revealed through the analogy between manmade environmental systems and living organisms, which can be described as a well defined set of design principles. Constructions – pedagogic context In terms of pedagogy, an experiment was designed, and offered to undergraduate students of Architecture and Planning from different stages of the course, aiming to: i) discussions around the theoretical context, ii) the exploration of technologies for graphic simulation; iii) the arrangement of means of cooperative work, in classroom and in distance learning environment, and iv) the development of design exercises supported the reflections derived from (i), (ii) and (iii) to promote cognitive imbalances, suggesting work journeys than those with which students are familiar. The experiment is a set of three exercices, corresponding roughly to the stages of conceiving, developing and refining an architectural or urban design. Casa Tomada (House taken over) based on the tale by the Argentinian Julio Cortázar, addresses the pedagogy of metaphor, proposing a transcript of fictional narrative to the architectural space, topologically reconstructing the plot hatched by the writer. Cidade das palavras (City of words) reflects the scope of pedagogy named speech and proposes the development of "genetic" narratives constructed through the cooperative work on scales of organization of increasing complexity. Desenho e canteiro (Design and construction site) speculates about a pedagogy of precision, drawing on the reflection of Brazilian architect Sergio Ferro on the production processes of architecture, and students are challenged to simulate, with digital tools, building elements taken from the initial exercises in promoting a feedback for learning process. The "pedagogies" of metaphor, speech and precision, integrated into thinking about doing and understanding, seek to constitute an "ecology" that links subjects, concepts and technologies. The thesis concludes with a set of chronicles that examines different aspects of the journey undertaken.
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Balci, Ceyda. "Conceptual Change Text Oriented Instruction To Facilitate Conceptual Change In Rate Of Reaction Concepts." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607815/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change text oriented instruction accompanied with analogies over traditionally designed chemistry instruction on overcoming 10th grade students&rsquo<br>misconceptions, their understanding of rate of reaction concepts and their attitude towards chemistry as a school subject.
42 tenth grade students from two classes of a chemistry course taught by the same teacher at a public high school in Ç<br>anakkale involved in the study. The study was carried out in Spring Semester of 2005-2006 Education Year.
Two groups of students participated in the study. One group was called Experimental Group and instructed with conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies and the other group was called Control Group and was instructed with traditionally designed chemistry instruction over a period of four weeks.
To investigate the effectiveness of the treatment, Rate of Reaction Concepts Test and Attitude Scale Towards Chemistry as a school subject were administered to both groups of students at the beginning and at the end of the treatment period. To evaluate students&rsquo<br>science process skills, Science Process Skills Test was administered to both groups of students before the treatment.
MANCOVA was used to test the hypothesis of the study. The results of the study indicated that students instructed with conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies gained higher average scores in Rate of Reaction Concepts Test than the students instructed with traditionally designed chemistry instruction.
Results and strategies that were developed for the present study may be used by science teachers to reduce and eliminate students&rsquo<br>misconceptions about rate of reaction concepts.
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Benzineb, Baya. "La triade vitruvienne revisitée à travers l'exemple de l'architecture d'Hervé Tordjman : la place de l'art et de la technique dans le processus de conception." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH005/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La triade de Vitruve revisitée à travers l’exemple de l’architecture d’Hervé Tordjman. La place de l’art et de la technique dans le processus de conception. Aujourd’hui, la conception de l’architecture demeure comme à son origine, dépendante de l’interaction des trois qualités indissociables de Vitruve : firmitas, utilitas et venustas, considérées autrefois indispensables à l’acte de concevoir. L’incarnation de cette triade dans le processus créatif des concepteurs contemporains que nous avons étudiés dans le cadre de cette thèse, qu’ils soient architectes-ingénieurs-artistes, architectes-artistes ou architectes-ingénieurs, est assujettie d’une part, aux mécanismes cognitifs : le modèle et la pensée analogique ; et d’autre part aux compétences et postures de chacun.Toutefois, en dépit de ce caractère personnel du processus conceptuel, ces trois qualités qui jadis devaient être articulées par une seule personne (l’architecte), se trouvent aujourd’hui menées à l’unisson selon un processus collectif.En effet, grâce aux nouvelles technologies numériques actuelles, l’architecte et les ingénieurs sont mobilisés dans un processus dit collaboratif abolissant ainsi les frontières entre « parti » architectural et « idée constructive », architecture et construction. A travers l’analyse de l’œuvre de l’architecte parisien Hervé Tordjman (1975), il faut souligner l’importance qu’acquiert la « firmitas » dans le processus de création en s’intégrant harmonieusement avec les autres composantes (utilitas et venustas). Ainsi, le point de vue de l’auteur et de chaque acteur de la chaine de conception devient partie intégrante dans le processus. Une telle articulation collective de la trinité vitruvienne dans la pratique contemporaine du projet marque une évolution dans la façon de concevoir l’acte architectural et non une rupture<br>Vitruvian triad revisited through the example of the architecture of Hervé Tordjman. The place of art and technique in the design process. Today, the design of architecture remains as to its origin, dependent on the interaction of three inseparable qualities stated by Vitruvius: firmitas, utilitas and venustas, once considered essential to the act of conceiving. The embodiment of this triad in the creative process of contemporary designers that is the concern of this thesis, both artists-architects-engineers, architects or artists-architects-engineers, is subject on the one hand, to cognitive mechanisms: the model and analogical thinking; and secondly to individual skills and postures.However, despite this personal character of the design process, these three qualities which once had to be articulated by one person (i.e. the architect), are now conducted in unison as a collective process.Indeed, thanks to new existing digital technologies, the architect and engineers are mobilized in a process said collaborative that abolishes the boundaries between the architectural part and the constructive system that is architecture and construction. Through the analysis of the work of the Parisian architect Hervé Tordjman (1975), we must emphasize the importance acquired by the "firmitas" in the creation process by being harmoniously integrated with other components (utilitas and venustas). Thus, the author’s view as well as that of each player in the design chain becomes part in the process. Such a collective articulation of the Vitruvian trinity in the contemporary practice project marks an evolution in how to design the architectural act, not a rupture
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Gunay, Baris. "Conceptual Change Text Oriented Insruction To Facilitate Conceptual Change In Atoms And Molecules." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605885/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main aim of this study to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies over traditionally designed chemistry instruction on overcoming 10th grade students&rsquo<br>misconceptions, their understanding atoms and molecules concepts and attitude towards chemistry as a school subject .
45 tenth grades students from two classes of a chemistry course taught by the same teacher in Elmadag High School prticipated in the study that was carried out in 2004 &ndash<br>2005 Fall semester .
Two student groups participated in the study . One of them , called as Experimental
group , was instructed with conceptual change text oriented instruction accompanied with analogies and the other one , called as Control group , was instructed with traditionally designed chemistry instruction over a period of two weeks .
To investigate the effect of the treatment , Atoms and Molecules Concept Test and Attitude Scale Toward Chemistry as a school subject were administrated to all students in both groups at the begining and end of the the treatment . To evaluate students&rsquo<br>science process skills , Science Process Skills Test was administrated before treatment .
ANCOVA and ANOVA were used to test the hypothesis of the study . The result of the study showed that students instructed with conceptual change text oriented instruction accompanied with analogies gained higher average scores in Atoms and Molecules Concept Test than students instructed by traditionally designed instruction . In addition , students in experiental group indicated a higher positive attitude toward chemistry as a school subject .The results also indicated science process skill was a stronger predictor for the achievement of atoms and molecules concepts.
Strategies that were developed and results obtained for the present study may be used by science teachers to eliminate the students&rsquo<br>misconceptions about atoms and molecules concepts and provide better conceptual understanding of atoms and molecules.
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Cellier, Remy. "Contrôle et intégration d’amplificateurs de classe D à commande numérique pour la téléphonie mobile." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0063/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'intégration de nombreuses fonctions complexes dans les systèmes embarqués, tels que les téléphones portables, conduit à optimiser la consommation d'énergie pour maintenir l'autonomie de fonctionnement. Concernant la chaine de reproduction sonore, la consommation a été réduite par l'utilisation d'amplificateurs de classe D analogique, mais la nature numérique de la source audio impose encore un convertisseur numérique analogique en amont. La forte consommation de ce CAN et la qualité de reproduction sonore de l'amplificateur sont actuellement les principales limitations de cette approche. Ce travail de recherche, réalisé en quatre phases, a donc pour objectifs d'apporter des améliorations et de proposer de nouvelles architectures pour réduire ces limitations. Concernant l'amplificateur de classe D analogique, une boucle d'asservissement analogique basée sur un modulateur auto-oscillant à hystérésis a été développée pour réduire la consommation et augmenter sa qualité de reproduction. Cette étude a été validée par la réalisation d'un circuit en technologie CMOS 130 nm. La possibilité de piloter l'amplificateur de classe D directement par un signal de commande numérique a ensuite été envisagée. Le train d'impulsions nécessaire à la commande de l'étage de puissance est obtenu par modulation numérique de la source audio. L'utilisation en boucle ouverte de l'étage de puissance ne permet néanmoins pas d'obtenir un signal audio de sortie insensible aux variations de l'alimentation. Un asservissement analogique local autour de l'étage de puissance est donc nécessaire. La réalisation en technologie CMOS 130 nm de cette architecture a permis la validation des études effectuées (fonctionnement, stabilité, bande passante, modélisations des éléments non linéaires,...)<br>The integration of many complex functions in embedded systems such as mobile phones, led to optimize energy consumption to maintain operational autonomy. Concerning the chain of sound reproduction, consumption was reduced by the use of analog Class D amplifiers, but the nature of the digital audio source requires a digital to analog converter further upstream. The high consumption of the ADC and the quality of sound reproduction of the amplifier are currently the main limitations of this approach. This research, conducted in four phases, thus aims to make improvements and propose new architectures to reduce these limitations. Regarding the Class D amplifier analog control loop an analog modulator based on a self-oscillating hysteresis has been developed to reduce consumption and increase its quality of reproduction. This study was validated by the realization of a circuit in CMOS 130 nm. The ability to control the class D amplifier directly from a digital control signal was then considered. The train of pulses needed to control the power stage is obtained by digital modulation of the audio source. The use of open-loop output stage, however, does not produce an audio signal output insensitive to variations in the diet. A local analog servo around the power stage is required. Realization in CMOS 130 nm of this architecture has allowed the validation studies (operation, stability, bandwidth, modeling non-linear elements ,...). The interface between the digital modulator and the analog part is very sensitive to disturbance. A digital control overall Class D amplifier with digital control has been studied to control the interface. A prototype of this control is in progress
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Bozkoyun, Yasin. "Facilitating Conceptual Change In Learning Rate Of Reaction Concepts." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605284/index.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The main aim of this study to investigate the effectiveness of conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies over traditionally designed chemistry instruction on overcoming 10th grade students&<br>#8217<br>misconceptions, their understanding of rate of reaction concepts and attitude towards chemistry as a school subject.
56 tenth grade students from two classes of a chemistry course taught by the same teacher in the ATATÜ<br>RK Anatolian High school, participated in the study. This study was carried out in 2003-2004 spring semester.
There were two groups in the study. Experimental group was instructed with conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies and the control group was instructed by traditionally designed chemistry instruction over a period of four weeks.
To investigate the effect of treatment, Rate of Reaction Concepts Test and Attitude Scale Toward Chemistry as a school subject were administered to all students in both groups at the beginning and end of the treatment. To evaluate students&<br>#8217<br>science process skills, Science Process Skills Test was administered before treatment.
To test the hypothesis of the study ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. The result of the study showed that students in conceptual change texts oriented instruction accompanied with analogies got higher average scores in Rate of Reaction Concepts Test than traditionally designed chemistry instruction. Also, students in experimental group indicated a higher positive attitude toward chemistry as a school subject. In addition, science process skill was a strong predictor for the achievement related to rate of reaction concepts.
Results and strategies that were developed for this study may be used by teachers to reduce and eliminate students&<br>#8217<br>misconceptions about the rate of reaction concepts.
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Mira, Pascale. "Penser l'architecture environnementale, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées : dans quel processus de néomorphisation sommes-nous ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20147/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’architecture change parce que le monde change. L’impact des enjeux environnementaux sur la pensée de l’architecture, sur les idées et sur les formes architecturales est le sujet de cette recherche. Le secteur du bâtiment est aujourd’hui considéré comme un levier important pour résoudre la crise environnementale. Cependant, des décalages s’affirment entre des impératifs urgents et règlementaires d’atteindre des objectifs quantitatifs précis, et la nécessité pour l’architecture d’être pensée en lien avec une nouvelle culture environnementale. Transition énergétique. Transition environnementale. Transition architecturale ? Dans quel processus de néomorphisation sommes-nous ? Ce travail de recherche concerne la période de transition engagée à la fin des années 1990 et dont les scénarios se construisent à horizon 2050. L’objectif est de définir des concepts et des outils, pour caractériser de façon ouverte et pluridisciplinaire la transition architecturale vers une architecture environnementale et fournir matière à penser. Les concepts de néomorphisme architectural et de Potentiel Néomorphique (PN) sont créés, pour répondre au contexte d’une transition en cours. Par analogie avec le néologisme désignant un mot nouveau qui renouvelle et enrichit le langage, le néomorphisme architectural désigne une forme nouvelle. Il est de la même façon issu d’un processus morphologique créatif, expérimental, riche et complexe, propre aux périodes de transition. Les Potentiels Néomorphiques de l’architecture environnementale qui en découlent, désignent les nouvelles idées à l’origine des nouvelles formes architecturales. La spécificité de ce travail de recherche repose sur une approche originale de la pensée de l’architecture, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées, et sur la création d’espaces analogiques. Les espaces analogiques sont constitués à partir de la confrontation de trois corpus : un corpus d’idées (les PN), un corpus de formes architecturales manifestes et un corpus de formes artistiques subversives. Ils sont conçus pour nourrir le débat, questionner la notion de justesse et pour stimuler la pensée de l’architecture, la soustraire au prêt-à-penser et permettre l’impensé. Ces éléments théoriques sont réinvestis dans la réalisation de la maquette d’un thésaurus. Le « Thésaurus de l’architecture environnementale, des idées aux formes et des formes aux idées » est un outil de veille et de connaissance. Il permet de découvrir, s’approprier et penser l’architecture environnementale à travers un nouveau cadre descriptif et des espaces analogiques. Proposé sur le principe d’un outil collaboratif en ligne, il invite à une approche pluriculturelle de l’architecture et permet le partage d’un savoir vivant et réactif. La maquette du Thésaurus de l’architecture environnementale ouvre la voie à des prolongements pédagogiques orientés sur l’identification de nouvelles références. Son ambition est de contribuer à la construction d’une histoire contemporaine des idées et des formes de l’architecture environnementale<br>Architecture is changing because the world is changing.The impact of environmental issues on the way of thinking architecture, and also on architectural ideas and architectural forms, is the subject of this research.The building sector is now considered as an important tool in order to solve the environmental crisis. However, discrepancies are increasing between, on the one hand, urgent and regulatory requirements to achieve specific quantitative targets and, on the other, the need for architecture to be thought of in connection with a new environmental culture.Energy transition. Environmental transition. Architectural transition?How to define this neomorphisation process.This research concerns the transition period that started in the late 1990s and where the scenarios are projected up to the 2050s. The objective is to define concepts and tools, to characterize the architectural transition towards an environmental architecture, in an open and multidisciplinary manner, and to provide food for thought.The concepts of “architectural neomorphism” and “Neomorphic Potential” (PN) are created, in response to the context of a transition in progress. By analogy with the neologism which designates a new word that renews and enriches language, architectural neomorphism indicates a new form. In the same way, it results from a morphological process, creative, experimental, rich and complex, specific to transition periods. The resulting “Neomorphic Potentials” of environmental architecture describe the ideas which are behind the new architectural forms.The specific quality of this research work is based on an original approach to architectural thought, from ideas to forms and from forms to ideas, and on the creation of “analogical spaces”. They are composed as a result of the confrontation of three corpora : a corpus of ideas (PN), a corpus of manifest architectural forms and a corpus of subversive artistic forms. They are designed to active debate, to question the concept of accuracy and to stimulate our thinking about architecture, to escape standard ways of thinking and to promote outside-the-box thinking.These theoretical elements are reinvested in making a model of a thesaurus.The "Thesaurus of environmental architecture, from ideas to forms and from forms to ideas" is both a monitoring tool and a resource centre. It gives the opportunity to discover, to take on board and to think environmental architecture through a new descriptive framework using analogical spaces. Offered on the principle of an online collaborative tool, it calls for a multicultural approach to architecture so that knowledge can be shared in a lively, interactive way.The model of the Thesaurus of environmental architecture opens up the way for new teaching methods directed towards the identification of new references. Its ambition is to contribute to a contemporary history of ideas and forms of environmental architecture
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Lossouarn, Boris. "Multimodal vibration damping of structures coupled to their analogous piezoelectric networks." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1062/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'amplitude vibratoire d'une structure mince peut être réduite grâce au couplage électromécanique qu'offrent les matériaux piézoélectriques. En termes d'amortissement passif, les shunts piézoélectriques permettent une conversion de l'énergie vibratoire en énergie électrique. La présence d'une inductance dans le circuit crée une résonance électrique due à l'échange de charges avec la capacité piézoélectrique. Ainsi, l'ajustement de la fréquence propre de ce shunt résonant à celle de la structure mécanique équivaut à la mise en œuvre d'un amortisseur à masse accordée. Cette stratégie est étendue au contrôle d'une structure multimodale par multiplication du nombre de patchs piézoélectriques. Ceux-ci sont interconnectés via un réseau électrique ayant un comportement modal approximant celui de la structure à contrôler. Ce réseau multi-résonant permet donc le contrôle simultané de plusieurs modes mécaniques. La topologie électrique adéquate est obtenue par discrétisation de la structure mécanique puis par analogie électromécanique directe. Le réseau analogue fait apparaître des inductances et des transformateurs dont le nombre et les valeurs sont choisis en fonction de la bande de fréquences à contrôler. Après s'être penché sur la conception de composants magnétique adaptés, la solution de contrôle passif est appliquée à l'amortissement de structures unidimensionnelles de type barres ou poutres. La stratégie est ensuite étendue au contrôle de plaques minces par mise en œuvre d'un réseau électrique bidimensionnel<br>Structural vibrations can be reduced by benefiting from the electromechanical coupling that is offered by piezoelectric materials. In terms of passive damping, piezoelectric shunts allow converting the vibration energy into electrical energy. Adding an inductor in the circuit creates an electrical resonance due to the charge exchanges with the piezoelectric capacitance. By tuning the resonance of the shunt to the natural frequency of the mechanical structure, the equivalent of a tuned mass damper is implemented. This strategy is extended to the control of a multimodal structure by increasing the number of piezoelectric patches. These are interconnected through an electrical network offering modal properties that approximate the behavior of the structure to control. This multi-resonant network allows the simultaneous control of multiple mechanical modes. An adequate electrical topology is obtained by discretizing the mechanical structure and applying the direct electromechanical analogy. The analogous network shows inductors and transformers, whose numbers and values are chosen according to the frequency band of interest. After focusing on the design of suitable magnetic components, the passive control strategy is applied to the damping of one-dimensional structures as bars or beams. It is then extended to the control of thin plates by implementing a two-dimensional analogous network
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Sitta, Martin. "Montovaná železobetonová konstrukce výrobní haly s administrativou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265275.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As the main topic this thesis describes the design and evaluation of selected reinforced concrete members of the prefabricated reinforced concrete industrial building with administration at ultimate limit state in accordance with applicable standards. Movable overhead crane with carrying capacity of 50 tons is the main distinction of the industrial hall. Lateral frame whit main structural parts which are roof prestressed girder, load-bearing column supporting the overhead crane and drilled pile transferring loads from the upper construction to the load bearing subsoil, is designed in particular. Furthermore, design of the Gerber beam which forms the slab construction in the administrational part of the building is elaborated. Structural design and evaluation of other structures of the building is not part of this thesis.
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Lin, Po-Yuan, and 林柏元. "Analogical Analysis and Design for Mechanical Hybrid Power Systems." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19275071409905270776.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>臺灣大學<br>機械工程學研究所<br>98<br>The purpose of this research is to develop a method for analyzing and designing mechanical hybrid power systems by the analogism from a mechanical system to an electrical system. At the beginning of the research, two kinds of the mechanical coupling are analyzed and discussed on the characteristics of the system with different couplings. Secondly, there are two reasons to develop a rule which can quickly translate a mechanical system into an electrical system from a viewpoint of a mechanical system. One is to understand the power deployment through the simplification of the system. The other is to apply the methods of analyzing electrical systems to the analysis of the mechanical system. Next, another rule is developed to translate a electrical system back into a mechanical system and the deployment of hybrid power is designed from a viewpoint of electrical systems. Finally, an innovative or improved design of a hybrid system can be developed by translating the designed circuit system back into a mechanical system. The contribution of this research is the development of a method to analyze and design a mechanical hybrid system by applying the analysis methods of electrical system. A multimode hybrid system can be quickly designed and existing hybrid systems can be improved by the application of this method.
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GRASSO, FRANCESCO. "Metodi innovativi per la diagnosi di guasto nei circuiti analogici." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/593523.
Texte intégral
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Mak, Teresa W. "The use of biological analogies for problem solving in engineering design." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=362423&T=F.
Texte intégral
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Liao, Yuan-Yu, and 廖元鈺. "Three Phenomena of Analogical Thinking in Design - Conventional Media vs. Computer." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20327723171624375024.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>建築研究所<br>97<br>In this research, the author proposes three phenomena of analogical thinking in design. Analogy has been ascribed a key role in the architecture design. Until now, there is no a complete theory describing how analogical thinking process works in design domain. Moreover, analogical thinking always relates to freehand sketches and rarely connects with other medium. Therefore, this research attempted to investigate the analogical thinking from the perspective of design media. Two purposes in this research are to study the common points of analogical thinking in design field, and the differences of analogical thinking process in conventional media and computer. In order to achieve the objectives, there are three parts consisted in this research including two phases of experiment, analyzing the data and addressing three phenomena of analogical thinking. According to the results of analysis, analogical thinking is an interaction between designers, analogical sources, design target, and design media. Designers play the most important role in analogical thinking process because they can choose and transfer the idea which they are interested in. The analogical depth also depends on the designer's imagination and creativity. On the other hand, the design media play a supporting role in analogical thinking process. It means that the characteristics of design media not only affect design process and design result but also offer the variability of analogical thinking design. The contribution of the research is a preliminary understanding of analogical thinking in design field. The limitation of the research is owing to few numbers of subjects and still no theory describe how analogical thinking works in this field, the author use the common research method of investigating design process. The research discusses some phenomena of analogical thinking in design field. Our further study will focus on broad approach of analogical thinking and offer a framework of analogical thinking process.
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Gadwal, Apeksha. "Exploring Two Phases of Design-by-Analogy "Multiple Solutions" and "Multiple Analogies"." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8310.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Idea generation and design-by-analogy are core parts of design. Designers need tools to assist them in developing creative and innovative ideas. Analogy is one such tool that helps designers solve design problems. It is a stimulus that helps generate innovative solutions to a design problem. It is used to generate novel ideas by transferring information (i.e. mapping elements) from a known domain (base) to an unknown domain (target). Multiple solutions can be developed based on a single analog and designers derive principles of design from the analogs (products) they experience. There is little research that discusses creating multiple solutions from a single analog or how multiple analogs can assist designers in mapping high level principles of design.
Multiple paths are available to improve the design-by-analogy process and help designers understand the process better. This thesis explores two phases of design-by-analogy in which designers have difficulty generating multiple inferences from a single source analog and identifying high level principles given multiple example analogs in the presence of noise. Two hypotheses are proposed to explore the importance of analogies in design. 1. A lone designer is able to generate multiple inferences from a single source analog when instructed to do so. 2. The mapping of high level principles increases with the increase in the number of example analogs and decreases with the amount of noise. Two experiments, "Multiple Solutions" and "Multiple Analogies" are conducted to answer the proposed research questions and to understand how designers can become better analogical reasoners.
The results from the "Multiple Solutions" experiment show that engineers, when directed to, can create multiple solutions from a single analog. Results from the "Multiple Analogies" experiment also satisfy the hypothesis that the mapping of high level principles increases with an increase in the number of analogs and decreases with distracters. A significant interaction is also observed between these two factors. The results indicate more future work with a greater sample size.
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Lee, Po-Han, and 李博涵. "Analogies between Facial Expressions and the Front View Designs of Cars." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82cx2e.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>應用藝術研究所<br>98<br>In car design, in addition to the functions, style is also a critical factor that influences consumers’ favor. Many studies have discussed the consumers’ subjective points of view in car styling, and set up design guidelines for designers. However, most of the researchers use the evaluation adjectives for the conventional product design study to evaluate the cars, such as “ancient,” “modern,” “streamlined,” “geometric,” etc. But many examples in our daily life show that the front view design of cars are similar to faces and even present the analogies between facial expressions and the car fronts.
In this research, three approaches were carried out via the concept of car’s “expressions.” The first step was to collect and analyze the related articles on websites and in magazines of car design communities, and pictures were chosen as samples among these cases. Second, card sorting experiments were conducted by 8 subjects individually with 40 car samples. Think aloud was applied simultaneously during this procedure and protocol analysis was followed to investigate the facial expressions concealed in these cars. Then, interviews were carried out to explore the subjective perspective from the participants towards the research topic. Finally, to verify the results of the protocal analysis, the questionnaire was applied by using the five-point Likert scale with amount of participants.
This research finally submitted 25 facial expression adjectives and 4 related adjectives. The corresponding elements and features were also listed and presented by the front view contours. The results shows that the three expressions “happy,” “angry,” and “neutral” are the most common expressions used to describe cars while others are relatively less mentioned. Furthermore, many adjectives extracted are hard to be categorized into the basic expression categories. It appears that the basic facial expressions cannot fully cover the impressions of car front design. Therefore, the relation between the extracted adjectives was also discussed.
Besides, the results of the questionnaire and the protocol analysis are quite similar, which verifies the reliability of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results also show that the perceptive differences of different backgrounds (design and non-design) and gender (men and female) are not significant both in factor analysis and Hotelling’s T2 test.
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Zach, Martin. "Transparentní prostorový předěl inspirovaný přírodní strukturou." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-94048.
Texte intégral
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Andrade, Ana Catarina Bernardes. "The Biomimetic in Design: From Morphological Analogies to Generative Processes - Musical L-Systems." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/35728.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado em Design e Multimédia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>A presente dissertação da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologias da
Universidade de Coimbra consiste na produção e concepção de L-Systems
(Sistemas de Lindenmayer) através de parâmetros extraídos de músicas (usando
a pauta musical de piano como ferramenta-base), como a melodia, a harmonia e
o ritmo. Estas características musicais irão ser utilizadas como ferramentas de
criação das regras de produção de L-Systems em conjugação com o seu
alfabeto, através do processo para converter a sequência numa representação
gráfica em três dimensões, utilizando a árvore como elemento da Natureza
escolhido.<br>This dissertation at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology at the
University of Coimbra consists in the production and design of L-Systems
(Lindnmayer Sistems) through extracted musical parameters (using the musical
piano score as the base tool), such as melody, harmony and rythm. These
musical characteristics will be used as creative tools of L-Systems’s Production
Rules in conjunction with its alphabet, through the process to convert the
sequence in a three dimensional graphical representation, using the tree as the
chosen Nature element.
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Jiang, Ri-wei, and 江日瑋. "A Study of the Application of Metaphor Analogies in the Morphological Design of a Product." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n95gtu.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>設計研究所<br>96<br>The main tasks of this study are threefold. At first, five types of metaphor analogies are induced, namely Personal Analogies、 Bionics Analo-gies 、function Analogies and culture Analogies. Secondary, products with the attributes of each type of metaphor analogies are introduced for exemplification. Thirdly, the operational procedures for the application of metaphor analogies. However, as to the design of a product, the interest of this study is primary the form. The objective of this study is to make suggestions for designers that in design practices multiple perspectives are beneficial in figuring out the forms of a product. This study will also provide designers a rational and detailed process for design thinking, image transformation and idea association. It is expected that designers will be far more confident and efficient in applying metaphor analogies inthe design of a product if the process suggested by this study is observed.
In exploring the form or sensation of a design, most of the research-ers begin with the so called image. But this concept is somewhat vague. We had better investigate the starting points in further details. Metaphor analogy in essence will force designers to recognize the object a metaphor analogy is referring. In other words, the image of an object cannot be taken for granted. It is should rather be derived through reasonable examination.
The morphological design of a product involves the style, meaning and function implied in a product, and the cognition of users. Therefore, as to the types of metaphor analogies, this study explore how metaphor analogies are narrated or defined widely in many academic fields of study, including linguistics, semiotics, cognitive psychology, culture and product design, etc.. By focusing on the form or the morphological aspect of a product, this study recognizes five types of metaphor analogy through some efforts of induction and verification.
In constructing the operational process of metaphor analogies, this study at first employs three transformation methods of product image ela-borated by other researchers, including image symbolism, figure image transformation and image transformation. The merits and deficiencies of each method are figured out through practical and critical studies. The results are then taken as the base for further exploration of the process of morphological association. The method of metaphor analogies for morph-ological association proposed by this study is then developed accordingly.
What follows next is the practice of such a method taking desktop speaker as an example. This is to elucidate how the method will be emp-loyed in a design process. The method proposed by this study will make the association process a coherent one, when the images are to be imbed-ded in the design of a product. No longer will blind spots appear in the thinking during association. The product designers might reach a better understanding of the operational process and the expressing concepts of the method of metaphor analogies for morphological association.
The practice is to demonstrate and to verify those five types of met-aphor analogies and the method of morphological association. The practice,the types of metaphor analogies and the method of morphological associ-ation thus become the main contents of this study. However, how effecti-ve and valid are the contents? Are they understandable? Are there any shortcoming? To answer these questions, this study undertakes furthermore a task of verification. Some graduate students with the background of product design are invited to examine the contents. All the feedback opin-ions are then taken in account to refine the concepts themselves and their related statements of those five types of metaphor analogies and the me-thod of morphological association. This should be helpful to the students of industrial design major in developing the basic forms and associating concepts of products. In the design method of morphological association and transformation and the interpretation of conceptual sketches, this can be employed to stimulate design creativity and idea development.
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PARISI, GAETANO. "Topologie e metodologie di progetto di blocchi di elaborazione analogica di precisione in tecnologia a canale corto." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1081116.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Topologies and design methodologies for high precision analog processing blocks in short-channel technologies. With the explosive growth of battery-powered portable devices, power reduction in integrated circuits has become a major problem. In many of these portable systems the signal is processed in the digital domain by limiting the role of the analog part to interface circuits between analogous physical quantities and digital processing.
Having analog circuits operating at the same voltage as the digital ones means that I can integrate on the same chip front-end and digital processing functions without the need for additional interface circuits, reducing the overall cost of the system. Another reason that pushes to low supply voltages is given by technological considerations, for sub micrometric channel lengths the thickness of gate oxide becomes so slim that it has been forced to reduce the supply voltage to avoid effects like breakdown of the oxide of gate. With the reduction of the supply voltage there is a consequent reduction in the dynamic of the input signal. To maintain the same dynamic range with a lower power supply voltage, the thermal noise in the circuit must also be proportionally reduced. Therefore capacitors used in the circuit must be increased to lower the KT/C noise. Therefore, for operational amplifiers that have the task of driving larger loads and for high resolution applications, doing it becomes even more difficult. There is, however, a compromise between noise and energy consumption. Because of this strong compromise, under certain conditions, energy consumption will actually increase in proportion to the decrease in power supply [1].
Another aspect that poses a significant problem to the reduction of consumption is the fact that battery technology is currently progressing at a much slower pace than that of electronic circuits. Nowadays, many electronic systems work with the power supplied by batteries alone, in some cases this problem is the most critical feature of the device, just think of networks of wireless sensors or implantable devices in the human body.
There are also many switched-capacitor applications that require fast signal transitions and certain performance in given times. If I use a class A amplifier it would always be on even in the times when it is not necessary, which leads to considerable consumption. In this context, a possible solution can be represented by class AB transconductance amplifiers (OTA), which have the advantage of consuming a small current in quiescent condition and providing a large peak current when a large signal is applied. This peculiarity can be exploited to achieve fast settling times with low average power consumption. In many applications, such as active filters, Sample and Hold Amplifiers (SHA), pipeline ADCs, the use of fully differential amplifiers is required to exploit the advantages offered by differential signals, such as doubled dynamic range compared with that provided by a given voltage generator, low sensitivity to common mode disturbances and even order harmonics suppression. Various ways of achieving class AB OTAs are proposed in the literature. In all fully differential type implementations, there is a need for auxiliary circuits for controlling common mode output voltage (CMFB). These additional circuits introduce into the project additional constraints and static power consumption compared to the basic topologies of class AB amplifiers. This line of research has driven me to focus on two main topics, closely related to the aforementioned issues:
1- Low-voltage and Very-low-voltage design of Class AB OTAs blocks for S/H;
2- Study of a behavioral modeling of Class AB OTAs;
This work is divided into five chapters.
Chapter 1 is an introduction to the state of the art of Class-AB OTAs. From the assessment of the state of the art there will emerge various ways to realize class-AB "OTAs" but only those that comply with certain constraints will be taken into consideration. The topologies chosen and on which the studies will be conducted will be those that will show the best performance in terms of power consumption, and that are implemented in according to the symmetrical current mirror OTAs.
Chapter 2 is an introduction to figures of merit (FOMs) that will be used to characterize OTAs from a performance point of view. Also in chapter 2 the study and comparison of four topologies emerged from the state of the art evaluation will be conducted. These topologies will be compared from the point of view of consumption and performance of both small and large signal using the FOMs. From the comparison the one will be selected that has the best performances from the point of view of power consumption, bandwidth and large signal behavior. This topology that is preferred over the other choices will be shown to have a performance limit linked to the low value of the CMRR.
Chapter 3 regards the improvement of the performance of the topology chosen to make it the most performing of the state of the art. Three possible methods will be proposed to increase the CMRR of the structure with little impact on consumption but without altering the low signal performance. The first two will be based on open loop techniques while the latter on a closed loop technique.
Chapter 4 regards the design of other topologies with the aim of improving their performance.
Chapter 5 regards behavioral modeling of a class AB OTA. Given that there are no guidelines in the literature on how to design class AB OTAs, a model will be proposed in this chapter, in its alpha phase, with the intent to understand how some parameters are linked to the settling time in similar way as to how is done for class A amplifier.
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Michel, Yves A. "Biomimicry and innovation in sustainable design : understanding its innovation supporting characteristics compared to ecodesign." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13011.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Depuis la dernière décennie, le biomimétisme est une discipline en plein essor dans le monde du design durable. De plus en plus, cette stratégie prend place dans plusieurs facettes du design, que ce soit dans le design industriel, dans l’architecture ou encore dans le design urbain. Le livre de Janine Benyus intitulé Biomimétisme: Quand la Nature Inspire des Innovations Durables (1997) est largement reconnu comme étant le catalyseur de la stratégie et comme l’indique le titre du livre, le biomimétisme est très souvent associé à l’innovation.
Le but principal de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre le lien entre le biomimétisme et l’innovation. Cette recherche sur le biomimétisme comprend un objectif mineur et deux objectifs majeurs. Le premier objectif cherche à comprendre le véritable lien entre le biomimétisme et l’écodesign. Le second objectif vise non seulement à valider la théorie selon laquelle le biomimétisme est une stratégie menant à des solutions de design innovantes, mais également à établir quels types d’innovations ont été générés par cette stratégie. Finalement, le troisième objectif est d’identifier les aspects du biomimétisme qui mènent à des solutions de design innovantes. Pour accomplir ces objectifs, cette recherche utilisera une approche qualitative supportée par des études de cas et une revue de littérature.
Afin de contextualiser les deux derniers objectifs, cette étude établit que le biomimétisme et l’écodesign sont des stratégies complémentaires plutôt qu’en compétition. Les conclusions de cette recherche démontrent que la théorie proposant que le biomimétisme soit une stratégie d’innovation est valide et que la discipline est surtout apte à générer l’innovation radicale. Finalement, la recherche indique que l’analogie de distance et la transdisciplinarité sont les deux aspects du biomimétisme aidant à produire des solutions de design innovantes.
Le biomimétisme est mieux connu dans le contexte du design durable et cette recherche permet de mieux comprendre le biomimétisme dans le contexte de l’innovation. Considérant que le biomimétisme est une discipline qui suscite beaucoup d’intérêt des milieux académiques et privés, cette recherche participe à l’expansion de la connaissance sur le sujet et propose de nouvelles pistes de recherche sur le biomimétisme et l’innovation.<br>Biomimicry is a growing design discipline that has gained much recognition throughout the last decade in sustainable design. The bioinspired design approach is finding its way across design disciplines from product design to architecture and urban design. The book, Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature, by Janine Benyus is credited to launch the design movement and as indicated in the title, biomimicry is often presented as a strategy for design innovation.
The goal of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of biomimicry in the context of innovation. This study has two principal objectives and a minor objective. The first objective aims at understanding the correlation between biomimicry and ecodesign. The second objective is to validate the notion that biomimicry is a strategy supporting design innovation by establishing what kinds of innovation has been spawned by this approach. And finally the third objective is to identify the aspects of biomimicry that lead to innovative design solutions. To fulfill these objectives, this research will employ a qualitative approach and supported literature review and case studies.
To contextualize the last two objectives, the study clarifies that the qualitative approach of biomimicry and the quantitative approach of ecodesign are actually complimentary and thus together form a more comprehensive approach to sustainable design. The findings of this study also validate that biomimicry supports innovation, specifically radical innovation. To finalize, the study demonstrates that the two aspects of biomimicry responsible for innovation are the use of distant analogy and transdisciplinarity.
Biomimicry is typically observed in the context of sustainability and this thesis aims to observe and understand biomimicry in the context of innovation. Given the growing interest in biomimicry by academia and the private sector, this research also will propose new paths of research in biomimicry and innovation and thus hopefully provoke new insights on the subject.
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Chou, Hong-Teng, and 周鴻騰. "The Effects of Case-Based Biomimicry Teaching on Naturalist Intelligence, analogical thinking, biomimicry design and environmental attitudes for University Students." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62520234196418302600.
Texte intégralRésumé :
博士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>環境教育研究所<br>104<br>This study assessed the effects of guided biomimicry teaching of naturalist intelligence, analogical thinking,biomimicry design and environmental attitudes for Environmental Engineering students. An embedded experimental and nonequivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Experimental group 1, received complete biomimicry teaching (N=43). Experimental group 2, received one-half biomimicry teaching (N=30). The control group, received didactic teaching without any biomimicry teaching (N=35). The outcomes of the intervention was measured by questionnaires before the course (pre-test), after the course (post-test) and four weeks after (follow-up test) the intervention. The main research results are reported as follows: (1) After the experimental intervention, the post-test, follow-up test results revealed that the two experimental group cannot improve significantly in a short time of naturalist intelligence. The experience of outdoors observation, breeding animals, and observe details of life carefully were helpful to increase naturalist intelligence. (2)The two experimental groups achieved higher biomimicry design scores than the control group. The experimental group 1 students’ analogical thinking and biomimicry design scores are significantly better than experimental group 2 after four weeks.(3) View from portfolio assessment A to B, students find the difficult include of compare similarity, analysis of scientific principles, what biomimicry product design and draw sketches. Students study actively on professional and design knowledge and have meta-cognitive, could improve ability of analogy skills and design sketches. (4) Most of the student’s identify with the development of biomimicry industry, but the premise was must takes care of the welfare of biology, ecosystems and humans simultaneously. Students have business opportunity and hope to solve environmental problems based on “learning from nature”.(5) After the course, students have new ideas of environmental problem solving, also have more interest, curiosity, and active exploration to biomimicry.
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Silva, Pedro Miguel Cunha da. "Design of A/D converter for a CMOS-based Magnetic Imaging Sensor." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/46655.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Electrónica Industrial e de Computadores<br>Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo o desenvolvimento de um Conversor Analógico
Digital (ADC), desde a definição da arquitetura, simulação de alto e baixo nível e
implementação em CMOS.
O ADC a ser desenvolvido faz parte de um sistema que tem como objetivo principal o
mapeamento magnético de diferentes corpos através de diversos sensores analógicos
concebidos para o efeito, de maneira a que essa mesma imagem magnética possa ser
posteriormente processada e analisada num sistema computorizado. Devido à natureza
analógica da informação proveniente dos sensores magnéticos, existe a necessidade de fazer a
conversão das tensões provenientes destes para formato digital, para que todo o processo de
análise desta informação possa ser uma realidade.
Como tal, a inclusão de um ADC em tal sistema é algo imprescindível para que o objetivo
proposto possa ser atingido com êxito. Deste modo, de maneira a que um elemento tão fulcral,
como é um ADC em sistemas deste género, não seja um elemento perturbador ao bom
funcionamento de todo o processo de aquisição de informação, um determinado número de
restrições (e.g. consumo energético e área de silício ocupada) têm que ser sempre tidas em
atenção pois qualquer desrespeito grosseiro para com qualquer uma delas pode revelar-se
catastrófico. Sendo este ADC incluído num sistema com tais particularidades, a aplicação
necessita de uma taxa de amostragem de 3 MSPS e uma resolução de 12 bits para que este
dispositivo possa vir a desempenhar as funções para as quais está a ser concebido (e.g.
mapeamento magnético de células presentes numa lamela de microscópio).
Neste sentido, a arquitetura SAR foi a escolhida, sendo a tecnologia a CMOS AMS 0.35 μm.
No final, foi concebido e simulado em pós-layout um ADC capaz de realizar conversões a uma
taxa de 3 MSPS quando alimentado a 3.3 V. A área ativa final que o ADC apresenta é de 0.2625
𝑚𝑚2.<br>The main goal of this work is the development of an analogic to digital converter (ADC),
since the definition of its architecture, low level simulation and CMOS implementation.
This ADC will be part of a major system whose purpose is the magnetic mapping of
different objects, helped by several analogic sensors designed for this objective. As the nature
of this sensors is analogic, some entity as the responsibility to convert this information for a
digital representation, in order to process the data in a computerized system.
Because of this necessity, the inclusion of an ADC is essential for the main goal to be
reached. Thus, in order to prevent any trouble for the final system, this ADC has to respect some
restrictions (e.g. power consumption and silicon area) because any disrespect with any one of
them could reveal catastrophic consequences. Regarding the particularities of the final system,
this ADC should be able to accomplish conversions at a rate of 3 MSPS (Mega Samples per
Second) with 12 bits of resolution.
In this way, a SAR architecture was chosen and simulated in CMOS AMS 0.35 μm
technology. At the end, was designed and simulated in post layout an ADC capable to convert
at a rate of 3 MSPS when supplied by 3.3 V. The final active area occupied by this ADC is
0.2625 𝑚𝑚2.
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"Cascading Evolutionary Morphological Charts for Holistic Ideation Framework." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15811.
Texte intégralRésumé :
abstract: The main objective of this project was to create a framework for holistic ideation and investigate the technical issues involved in its implementation. In previous research, logical ideation methods were explored, ideation states were identified, and tentative set of ideation blocks with strategies were incorporated in an interactive software testbed. As a subsequent study, in this research, intuitive methods and their strategies were investigated and characterized, a framework to organize the components of ideation (both logical and intuitive) was devised, and different ideation methods were implemented based on the framework. One of the major contributions of this research is the method by which information passes between different ideation methods. Another important part of the research is that a framework to organize ideas found by different methods. The intuitive ideation strategies added to the holistic test bed are reframing, restructuring, random connection, force connection, and analogical reasoning. A computer tool facilitating holistic ideation was developed. This framework can also be used as a research tool to collect large amounts of data from designers about their choice of ideation strategies, and assessment of their effectiveness.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2012