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Liu, Hongwei, Yan Li, Jian Chen, Ye Tao, and Wenhan Xia. "A structure mapping–based representation of knowledge transfer in conceptual design process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 234, no. 3 (2019): 400–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405419883070.
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By the knowledge transferring in different areas, analogical design has been considered as a powerful approach to promote the generation of novel ideas in product conceptual design. An efficient representation scheme for design knowledge is vital to implement analogical transferring. In this article, inspired from the structure mapping mechanism of analogical reasoning, a structure mapping–based representation was proposed to support designers to search and use design analogies. This representation can provide designers with insights into the structural information of knowledge situations, and consequently designers are able to implement the corresponding design analogy search at the level of the structural similarity, rather than the functional or superficial similarity. Based on this new representation scheme, a structure mapping–based analogical design framework was developed. In this framework, patents are used as the source of analogical knowledge, and the relational structure–based representation for the patent knowledge is created using the advanced natural language processing tools/algorithms. Next, the search of design analogies is implemented by means of the vector space model, and a new structure mapping–based concept generation model can finally guide the designers to use design analogies. An industrial case and a compared experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework.
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Kristayulita, K. "Indirect Analogical Reasoning Components." Malikussaleh Journal of Mathematics Learning (MJML) 4, no. 1 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/mjml.v4i1.2939.
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If using different instruments obtained a different analogical reasoning component. With use people-piece analogies, verbal analogies, and geometric analogies, have analogical reasoning component consists of encoding, inferring, mapping, and application. Meanwhile, with use analogical problems (algebra, source problem and target problem is equal), have analogical reasoning components consist of structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. The instrument used was analogical problems consisting of two problems where the source problem was symbolic quadratic equation problem and the target problems were trigonometric equation problem and a word problem. This study aims to provide information analogical reasoning process in solving indirect analogical problems. in addition, to identify the analogical reasoning components in solving indirect analogical problems. Using a qualitative design approach, the study was conducted at two schools in Mataram city of Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. The results of the study provide an overview of analogical reasoning of the students in solving indirect analogical problems and there is a component the representation and mathematical model in solving indirect analogical problems. So the analogical reasoning component in solving indirect analogical problems is the representation and mathematical modeling, structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. This means that there are additional components of analogical reasoning developed by Ruppert. Analogical reasoning components in problem-solving depend on the analogical problem is given.
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Srinivasan, V., Amaresh Chakrabarti, and Udo Lindemann. "An empirical understanding of use of internal analogies in conceptual design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000037.
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AbstractInternal analogies are created if the knowledge of source domain is obtained only from the cognition of designers. In this paper, an understanding of the use of internal analogies in conceptual design is developed by studying: the types of internal analogies; the roles of internal analogies; the influence of design problems on the creation of internal analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of internal analogies; the levels of abstraction at which internal analogies are searched in target domain, identified in source domain, and realized in the target domain; and the effect of internal analogies from the natural and artificial domains on the solution space created using these analogies. To facilitate this understanding, empirical studies of design sessions from earlier research, each involving a designer solving a design problem by identifying requirements and developing conceptual solutions, without using any support, are used. The following are the important findings: designers use analogies from the natural and artificial domains; analogies are used for generating requirements and solutions; the nature of the design problem influences the use of analogies; the role of experience of designers on the use of analogies is not clearly ascertained; analogical transfer is observed only at few levels of abstraction while many levels remain unexplored; and analogies from the natural domain seem to have more positive influence than the artificial domain on the number of ideas and variety of idea space.
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Naletelich, Kelly, and Nancy Spears. "Analogical reasoning and regulatory focus: using the creative process to enhance consumer-brand outcomes within a co-creation context." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 6 (2020): 1355–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-05-2018-0354.
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Purpose New product development (NPD) is increasingly being delegated to consumers, yet little research has investigated consumer-centric factors that may influence this delegation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to uniquely combine regulatory focus and analogical reasoning to investigate new product ideation and downstream consumer-brand responses. Design/methodology/approach A series of experiments were undertaken. Findings Study 1 revealed that promotion-focused consumers (as opposed to prevention-focused consumers) have significantly greater purchase intentions if given an analogical reasoning task before engaging in new product ideation due to their cognitive flexibility. Study 2 tested the effects of near vs far analogies and found that promotion-focused consumers use analogical thinking to a greater extent and have significantly higher purchase intentions if primed with far analogies because regulatory fit is enhanced. However, analogical thinking and purchase intentions significantly drop if primed with near analogies. In contrast, prevention-focused consumers use analogical thinking to a greater extent and have significantly higher purchase intentions if shown near analogies, compared to far analogies, because of improved regulatory fit. Both studies confirm a serial mediation chain involving task engagement, self-brand connection, and brand sincerity. Research limitations/implications This research extends current understanding regarding the role of creative tasks within consumer NPD. It also uniquely links regulatory focus and consumer task engagement in NPD to increase favorable brand responses. Practical implications Findings offer managerial insights that can positively increase consumer-brand outcomes during NPD. Originality/value This is one of the first studies to demonstrate the importance of analogical thinking and consumer-centric factors (i.e., regulatory focus) during the NPD process. This avenue of research is important, as most studies have neglected ways in which to increase consumer NPD task engagement, leaving resources unutilized.
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Töre Yargin, Gülşen, and Nathan Crilly. "Information and interaction requirements for software tools supporting analogical design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000074.
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AbstractOne mode of creative design is for designers to draw analogies that connect the design domain (e.g., a mechanical device) to some other domain from which inspiration is drawn (e.g., a biological system). The identification and application of analogies can be supported by software tools that store, structure, present, or propose source domain stimuli from which such analogies might be constructed. For these tools to be effective and not impact the design process in negative ways, they must fit well with the information and interaction needs of their users. However, the user requirements for these tools are seldom explicitly discussed. Furthermore, the literature that supports the identification of such requirements is distributed across a number of different domains, including those that address analogical design (especially biomimetics), creativity support tools, and human–computer interaction. The requirements that these literatures propose can be divided into those that relate to the information content that the tools provide (e.g., level of abstraction or mode of representation) and those that relate to the interaction qualities that the tools support (e.g., accessibility or shareability). Examining the relationships between these requirements suggests that tool developers should focus on satisfying the key requirements of open-endedness and accessibility while managing the conflicts between the other requirements. Attention to these requirements and the relationships between them promises to yield analogical design support tools that better permit designers to identify and apply source information in their creative work.
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Mills, Robert J. "Using Analogical Problem Construction As An Advance Organizer To Teach Advanced Database (SQL) Nomenclature." Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 21, no. 1 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v21i1.9964.
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Although business faculty have an important teaching responsibility to prepare students for professional positions in industry, very few have any formal training in instructional design. Analogical problem construction and advance organizers are powerful design techniques used to link prior knowledge to new material. Unfortunately, the use of analogies as a formal teaching strategy is disappointingly low. This study examines the use of analogical problem constructions as an advance organizer strategy to teach advanced database (SQL) concepts.
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Chou, Amanda, and L. H. Shu. "Using analogies to explain versus inspire concepts." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000025.
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AbstractWe aim to examine the potential of using analogies in design education and to compare the roles of analogies in explaining versus inspiring in engineering design. We review existing research in analogical thinking, with a focus on scientific discourse and education. Then we explore the role of analogies in design education in making concepts more relatable by asking six participants in a graduate-level design course to generate analogies for course topics. We describe criteria developed to evaluate the analogies and present these evaluations. We then asked participants to perform divergent thinking tests, but we found no significant correlation between these and analogy scores. The participants were also asked to reflect on what constitutes an effective analog, describe their process of identifying analogies, and provide their definitions of analogies. We describe possible links between these comments and the ratings of their analogies. We then draw on results in using analogies in pedagogy to inform and reflect on obstacles we encountered in the use of analogies to inspire. Specifically, we related them to our experience with biomimetic or biologically inspired design, where we used a natural-language search approach to identify relevant analogies. Three aspects discussed are familiarity of source analogies, boundaries of parallels between source analogies and target concepts, and concreteness of source analogies. Finally, we discuss possible pedagogical benefits of eliciting analogies on course topics from students, namely, using the elicited analogies as tools for improved student engagement as well as more prompt instructor feedback.
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Nagel, Jacquelyn, Linda Schmidt, and Werner Born. "Establishing Analogy Categories for Bio-Inspired Design." Designs 2, no. 4 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs2040047.
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Biological systems have evolved over billions of years and cope with changing conditions through the adaptation of morphology, physiology, or behavior. Learning from these adaptations can inspire engineering innovation. Several bio-inspired design tools and methods prescribe the use of analogies, but lack details for the identification and application of promising analogies. Further, inexperienced designers tend to have a more difficult time recognizing or creating analogies from biological systems. This paper reviews biomimicry literature to establish analogy categories as a tool for knowledge transfer between biology and engineering to aid bio-inspired design that addresses the common issues. Two studies were performed with the analogy categories. A study of commercialized products verifies the set of categories, while a controlled design study demonstrates the utility of the categories. The results of both studies offer valuable information and insights into the complexity of analogical reasoning and transfer, as well as what leads to biological inspiration versus imitation. The influence on bio-inspired design pedagogy is also discussed. The breadth of the analogy categories is sufficient to capture the knowledge transferred from biology to engineering for bio-inspired design. The analogy categories are a design method independent tool and are applicable for professional product design, research, and teaching purposes.
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Casakin, Hernan, Linden J. Ball, Bo T. Christensen, and Petra Badke-Schaub. "How do analogizing and mental simulation influence team dynamics in innovative product design?" Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000050.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to gain further insight into how analogical reasoning and mental simulation, two cognitive strategies, influence team dynamics in innovative product design. A particular emphasis was placed on exploring the association between these two strategies and team cohesion and team collaboration. Analogies were coded for “analogical distance” (i.e., within domain or between domain) and “analogical purpose” (i.e., problem identification, function finding, solution generation, and explanation). The results indicated that the presence of either analogizing or mental simulation was related to team cohesion and team collaboration, with mental simulation having an especially marked association with team collaboration. Within-domain analogizing was found to enhance team collaboration, but it did not influence team cohesion. Furthermore, all types of analogical purpose showed a similar association with team cohesion, whereas solution generation and function finding had a stronger association with team collaboration. We propose that analogizing and mental simulations are strategies that serve valuable functions in engendering enhanced cohesion and collaboration, which might be expected to lead to more effective design outcomes, although this remains an empirical question in need of further corroboration.
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Hummel, John E., and Keith J. Holyoak. "Relational Reasoning in a Neurally Plausible Cognitive Architecture." Current Directions in Psychological Science 14, no. 3 (2005): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00350.x.
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Human mental representations are both flexible and structured—properties that, together, present challenging design requirements for a model of human thinking. The Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies (LISA) model of analogical reasoning aims to achieve these properties within a neural network. The model represents both relations and objects as patterns of activation distributed over semantic units, integrating these representations into propositional structures using synchrony of firing. The resulting propositional structures serve as a natural basis for memory retrieval, analogical mapping, analogical inference, and schema induction. The model also provides an a priori account of the limitations of human working memory and can simulate the effects of various kinds of brain damage on thinking.
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Stevens, Laura, Marc M. J. De Vries, Mark M. J. W. Bos, and Helen Kopnina. "Biomimicry Design Education Essentials." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (2019): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.49.
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AbstractThe emerging field of biomimicry and learning to design with and for nature has expanded in recent years through a diversity of educational programs. Inspiration following natural forms may give the appearance of being sustainable, but the question remains, how sustainable is it? Misunderstanding the function of these forms may leave designers with products not as sustainable as desired. Biomimicry education addresses these issues by integrating three essential elements into their design thinking phases and by using analogical transfer while doing so. This field learns from nature as model, nature as measure, and nature as mentor, throughout the design process. Through examination, analyses and verification of students designs and reflective processes at The Hague University of Applied Sciences, this research considers natures analogies in educational factors, determining which elements are influential when incorporating biomimicry into design education.
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Hee Choi, Han, and Mi Jeong Kim. "THE POTENTIAL OF REASONING METHODS AS A TEACHING STRATEGY SUPPORTING STUDENTS’ CREATIVE THINKING IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.1048.
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Much research has emphasized the importance of ‘learning by doing’ in design education. Reasoning methods would be an effective strategy to support students’ reflection-in-action in designing. ‘Knowing how’ is associated with ‘design thinking’, and further, with ‘creativity’, which is essential for design outcomes. This research explores the potential of reasoning methods, specifically analogical reasoning and metaphorical reasoning, in design education for encouraging students to produce creative thinking in a design studio. For one semester, students were educated to adopt analogies and metaphors in designing and how students approached given design problems to produce design ideas was observed. The results showed that adopting reasoning methods as a teaching strategy in a design studio encouraged the development of the students’ design thinking by reorienting their approach to design, which eventually led to enhanced creativity in designing. Based on the results, this research presents critical issues to be considered for encouraging students to utilize analogical and metaphorical reasoning in designing.
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Passig, David, and Timor Schwartz. "Solving Conceptual and Perceptual Analogies with Virtual Reality among Kindergarten Children of Immigrant Families." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 116, no. 2 (2014): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811411600205.
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Background The ability to think analogically is central to the process of learning and understanding reality and there is a broad consensus among researchers that we can improve this ability. Immigrants who have emigrated from developing to developed countries tend to experience tremendous challenges in their early years as immigrants. Their children often find themselves in a situation where it is clear that their low achievements are the result of cultural mediation, which expresses itself not only in a language gap, but also in cultural and basic technological disorientation. Purpose The goal of this study is to help find efficient ways of nurturing analogical thinking in children who have emigrated from developing to developed countries and express difficulties in analogical thinking, and to point out the advantages inherent in the use of immersive 3D Virtual Reality technology for this goal. Population The participants in this study included 56 children, aged 4 to 7 years, whose parents immigrated to Israel from Ethiopia during the last ten years. The experimental group (n=28) practiced solving analogies that were presented in 3D VR, while the control group (n=28) practiced solving the same analogies with a pictorial version of the items that was presented with cards. Research Design The research instrument employed for evaluating Analogical thinking was the CCPAM measure, which includes 10 questions on Conceptual Analogies and 10 questions on Perceptual analogies. We designed the intervention program according to the CCPAM test. The CCPAM test was administered in three intervals: a. Prior to the beginning of the intervention. b. Immediately after the intervention, which included two meetings of 15 minutes each, during which the children were given exercises in solving analogies. c. Three weeks after the end of the intervention, in order to test the ability to preserve the solution strategy (the follow-up test). Conclusions The results indicate that both programs of intervention—VR and picture cards— significantly improved the ability to solve both kinds of analogies—perceptual and conceptual. However, the children in the experimental group, who practiced analogies within an immersive VR environment, improved their ability to a statistically significant degree more than did the children who practiced solutions with picture cards. The children in the experimental group preserved the solution strategy three weeks after the intervention significantly better than the control group, and the improvement in solving conceptual analogies was greater than the improvement in solving perceptual analogies.
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Grace, Kazjon, John Gero, and Rob Saunders. "Interpretation-driven mapping: A framework for conducting search and rerepresentation in parallel for computational analogy in design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000062.
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AbstractThis paper presents a framework for the interactions between the processes of mapping and rerepresentation within analogy making. Analogical reasoning systems for use in design tasks require representations that are open to being reinterpreted. The framework, interpretation-driven mapping, casts the process of constructing an analogical relationship as requiring iterative, parallel interactions between mapping and interpreting. This paper argues that this interpretation-driven approach focuses research on a fundamental problem in analogy making: how do the representations that make new mappings possible emerge during the mapping process? The framework is useful for both describing existing analogy-making models and designing future ones. The paper presents a computational model informed by the framework Idiom, which learns ways to reinterpret the representations of objects as it maps between them. The results of an implementation in the domain of visual analogy are presented to demonstrate its feasibility. Analogies constructed by the system are presented as examples. The interpretation-driven mapping framework is then used to compare representational change in Idiom to that in three previously published systems.
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Graff, Daniel, and Mark A. Clark. "Clear as a bell." Team Performance Management: An International Journal 24, no. 7/8 (2018): 396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tpm-04-2018-0028.
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Purpose This study reviews the construct of analogy as an individual communication mode, examining its relationship with cross-understanding in knowledge-diverse teams. The authors theorize that analogy use enhances team information processing beyond mere communication frequency through bridging knowledge differences across team members. The authors propose that analogies will have a direct relationship to knowledge application, and an indirect effect via cross-understanding. However, communication frequency will have only an indirect effect on knowledge application through cross-understanding. Design/methodology/approach The authors sampled a 49-member team with 14 subteams, yielding 146 usable dyadic relationships. Two mediation models were estimated while using linear mixed-effect models in SPSS. Findings The results confirm the importance of analogies and cross-understanding in teams, generally supporting the hypotheses. Mere communication frequency was not related to knowledge application, indicating that “how you say it” may be more important than how often a team member speaks. Research limitations/implications This research explored these constructs through a three-week project in a sample of graduate students working with a real-world client. Future research could explore the validity of this model in other organizational settings and test the analogy construct on the team level. Practical implications The effectiveness of team member communication should be measured not only as frequency but also in terms of analogies to transmit meaning. Originality/value This paper contributes to an understanding of teams as information processors by building empirical support for the utility of analogical communication in design teams, establishing the relationship of analogies to cross-understanding and knowledge application.
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Bhatta, Sambasiva R., and Ashok K. Goel. "Discovery of physical principles from design experiences." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 8, no. 2 (1994): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400000718.
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AbstractOne method for making analogies is to access and instantiate abstract domain principles, and one method for acquiring knowledge of abstract principles is to discover them from experience. We view generalization over experiences in the absence of any prior knowledge of the target principle as the task of hypothesis formation, a subtask of discovery. Also, we view the use of the hypothesized principles for analogical design as the task of hypothesis testing, another subtask of discovery. In this paper, we focus on discovery of physical principles by generalization over design experiences in the domain of physical devices. Some important issues in generalization from experiences are what to generalize from an experience, how far to generalize, and what methods to use. We represent a reasoner's comprehension of specific designs in the form of structure-behavior-function (SBF) models. An SBF model provides a functional and causal explanation of the working of a device. We represent domain principles as device-independent behavior-function (BF) models. We show that (1) the function of a device determines what to generalize from its SBF model, (2) the SBF model itself suggests how far to generalize, and (3) the typology of functions indicates what method to use.
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Ku, Hsuan-Hsuan, and Mei-Ju Chen. "Promotional phrases as analogical questions: inferential fluency and persuasion." European Journal of Marketing 54, no. 4 (2020): 713–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-02-2018-0129.
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Purpose As an alternative to straight rhetorical questions, questions using analogies that invite the reader to think about the frame of reference to answer the target have been used in advertising to persuade. This paper aims to investigate consumer responses to the use of analogical questions in ads for incrementally new products and the important variables moderating those responses. Design/methodology/approach Four between-subjects experiments examined how product evaluations in response to analogical questions differ from non-analogical variants as a function of consumers’ persuasion awareness (Studies 1 and 2) and also tested if the effectiveness of an analogical question among potential consumers who are more aware of persuasion attempts might be enhanced only when it is proposed with a strong rather than a weak frame of reference (Study 3), and when the frame of reference and the target share underlying similarities (Study 4). Findings Analogical questions are more persuasive than non-analogical variants for participants who are more aware of persuasion attempts. Inferential fluency mediates the results. Furthermore, the positive impact of analogical questions for participants high in persuasion awareness is diminished when the frame of reference is weak or from a dissimilar domain. The same patterns are not evident for participants who are less aware of persuasion attempts. Research limitations/implications Drawing on the concepts of inferential fluency, this study offers an empirically-based view of how the analogical questions in advertising may bias the responses exhibited by individuals who demonstrate either a high or low level of persuasion awareness. Practical implications The inclusion of an analogy can lower consumers’ tendency to behave in a defensive manner by facilitating inferences about intended claims that are implicitly stated in a rhetorical question and achieve higher levels of persuasion. Originality/value This study contributes to prior study on rhetorical questions within a persuasion communication by adopting inferential fluency as an underlying mechanism for analyzing the impact of analogical questions and individual’s awareness of persuasion.
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Cai, Yang, Joseph Laws, and Nathaniel Bauernfeind. "Design Privacy with Analogia Graph." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 2 (2021): 1769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i2.18810.
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Human vision is often guided by instinctual commonsense such as proportions and contours. In this paper, we explore how to use the proportion as the key knowledge for designing a privacy algorithm that detects human private parts in a 3D scan dataset. The Analogia Graph is introduced to study the proportion of structures. It is a graph-based representation of the proportion knowledge. The intrinsic human proportions are applied to reduce the search space by an order of magnitude. A feature shape template is constructed to match the model data points using Radial Basis Functions in a non-linear regression and the relative measurements of the height and area factors. The method is tested on 100 datasets from CAESAR database. Two surface rendering methods are studied for data privacy: blurring and transparency. It is found that test subjects normally prefer to have the most possible privacy in both rendering methods. However, the subjects adjusted their privacy measurement to a certain degree as they were informed the context of security.
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He, Gaole, Agathe Balayn, Stefan Buijsman, Jie Yang, and Ujwal Gadiraju. "It Is like Finding a Polar Bear in the Savannah! Concept-Level AI Explanations with Analogical Inference from Commonsense Knowledge." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 10, no. 1 (2022): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v10i1.21990.
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With recent advances in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), researchers have started to pay attention to concept-level explanations, which explain model predictions with a high level of abstraction. However, such explanations may be difficult to digest for laypeople due to the potential knowledge gap and the concomitant cognitive load. Inspired by recent work, we argue that analogy-based explanations composed of commonsense knowledge may be a potential solution to tackle this issue. In this paper, we propose analogical inference as a bridge to help end-users leverage their commonsense knowledge to better understand the concept-level explanations. Specifically, we design an effective analogy-based explanation generation method and collect 600 analogy-based explanations from 100 crowd workers. Furthermore, we propose a set of structured dimensions for the qualitative assessment of analogy-based explanations and conduct an empirical evaluation of the generated analogies with experts. Our findings reveal significant positive correlations between the qualitative dimensions of analogies and the perceived helpfulness of analogy-based explanations. These insights can inform the design of future methods for the generation of effective analogy-based explanations. We also find that the understanding of commonsense explanations varies with the experience of the recipient user, which points out the need for further work on personalization when leveraging commonsense explanations.
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Mak, T. W., and L. H. Shu. "Abstraction of Biological Analogies for Design." CIRP Annals 53, no. 1 (2004): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60658-1.
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Issa, G., S. Shen, and Meng Sang Chew. "Using analogical reasoning for mechanism design." IEEE Expert 9, no. 3 (1994): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/64.311281.
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Zhao, F., and M. L. Maher. "Using analogical reasoning to design buildings." Engineering with Computers 4, no. 3 (1988): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01199293.
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Atilola, Olufunmilola, and Julie Linsey. "Representing analogies to influence fixation and creativity: A study comparing computer-aided design, photographs, and sketches." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000049.
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AbstractMany tools are being developed to assist designers in retrieving analogies. One critical question these designers face is how these analogues should be represented in order to minimize design fixation and maximize idea generation. To address this question, an experiment is presented that compares various representations' influence on creativity and design fixation. This experiment presents an effective example (analogue) as computer-aided design (CAD), sketch, or photograph representations. We found that all representations induced fixation, and the degree of fixation did not vary significantly. We also found that CAD representations encourage engineering designers to identify and copy the key effective features of the example. CAD and photo representations also produced a higher quality of design concepts. Results from this experiment offer insights into how these various representations may be used in examples during idea generation; CAD representations appear to offer the greatest advantages during the idea generation process. The results from this experiment also indicate that analogical databases of effective design examples should include CAD and photolike images of the analogue rather than sketches.
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Narraway, Claire L., Oliver SP Davis, Sally Lowell, Katrina A. Lythgoe, J. Scott Turner, and Stephen Marshall. "Biotic analogies for self-organising cities." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 2 (2019): 268–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808319882730.
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Nature has inspired generations of urban designers and planners in pursuit of harmonious and functional built environments. Research regarding self-organisation has encouraged urbanists to consider the role of bottom-up approaches in generating urban order. However, the extent to which self-organisation-inspired approaches draw directly from nature is not always clear. Here, we examined the biological basis of urban research, focusing on self-organisation. We conducted a systematic literature search of self-organisation in urban design and biology, mapped the relationship between key biological terms across the two fields and assessed the quality and validity of biological comparisons in the urban design literature. Finding deep inconsistencies in the mapping of central terms between the two fields, a preponderance for cross-level analogies and comparisons that spanned molecules to ecosystems, we developed a biotic framework to visualise the analogical space and elucidate areas where new inspiration may be sought.
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Greaney, Keith T., and William E. Tunmer. "Onset/rime sensitivity and orthographic analogies in normal and poor readers." Applied Psycholinguistics 17, no. 1 (1996): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009449.
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ABSTRACTThis study was designed to determine whether there was a relationship between the ease with which children make use of orthographic analogies and their progress in learning to read. The results of an experiment using a reading age match design showed that poor readers performed as well as normal readers on orally presented measures of onset/rime sensitivity, but less well on visually/orally presented rhyme tasks. The poor readers also performed less well than the normal readers on a task that measured the children's ability to take advantage of analogical units when reading lists of words: these reading lists contained groups of words that differed according to (1) whether the words containing the common unit were presented contiguously or noncontiguously, and (2) whether the unit constituted the rime portion of the words or was embedded within the rime portion of the words. A follow-up intervention study demonstrated that poor readers who received instruction in the use of orthographic analogies achieved higher reading accuracy scores on subsequent readings than did a matched group of poor readers who received standard remedial instruction in context cue usage.
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Arslan Selçuk, Semra, Nur Banu Gülle, and Güneş Mutlu Avinç. "Tree-Like Structures in Architecture: Revisiting Frei Otto’s Branching Columns Through Parametric Tools." SAGE Open 12, no. 3 (2022): 215824402211194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440221119479.
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Tree-like architectures and branching structures are one of the analogical designs that are among the nature inspired structures arousing attention of the designers, inspiring them and that are frequently confronted throughout the history of architecture. Likewise, trees are structural models for designers beyond the plant and branching patterns that are used as architectural ornamentation. Trees have the characteristics of being mentors for architects and engineers concerning how the vertical and the horizontal loads are transmitted through the trunks, branches, and leaves and how the balance is provided. Within this context, it is possible to claim that a quite wide and intuitively developed structural knowledge is acquired with the tree analogies throughout the history of architecture. By the development of computational design technologies, there have been significant developments in the design and the building of tree-like structures. Especially the number of branching, angles of dendroids, lengths, and the other parameters can be defined by using algorithms and can be optimized also by the help of computational tools. In this paper, the historical development and classification of the tree-like structures have been carried out and Frei Otto who is the pioneer to pave the way for innovative structures related to this field has been selected to revisit the efficiency of lightweight columns inspired by nature. One of the experimental studies of Otto in which he called as “minimum path system” has been determined as the case study; the parametric design behind the structure has been analyzed and reproduced by using a parametric software. The structural effectiveness has been determined and discussed by testing the obtained models using a FEM program under horizontal and vertical loads. Consequently, the structural effectiveness of today’s computational technologies and the branching structures that Otto built intuitively and by natural analogies have been able to be tested and the possible potentials that can be leading for today’s architects have been demonstrated.
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Xu, Jiang, Han Lu, and Yu Jiang. "DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BEGINNING AND ADVANCED STUDENTS USING SPECIFIC ANALOGICAL STIMULI DURING DESIGN-BY-ANALOGY." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.127.
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AbstractStudies reported the effects of different types and different levels of abstraction of analogical stimuli on designers. However, specific, single visual analogical stimuli on the effects of designers have not been reported. We define this type of stimuli as specific analogical stimuli. We used the extended linkography method to analyze the facilitating and limiting effects of specific analogical stimuli and free association analogical stimuli (nonspecific analogical stimuli) on the students' creativity at different design levels. The results showed that: (1) Advanced students focused on exploring the depth of the design problem while beginning students tended to explore the breadth of the design problem. (2) Nonspecific analogical stimuli enhanced the creativity of beginning students. However, its impact on advanced students is less pronounced. (3) The specific analogical stimuli attract the students into design fixation. Furthermore, it has a more pronounced effect on advanced students. These results illustrate the differences in the effects of specific analogy stimuli on the students at different design levels. It clarifies the use of analogical stimuli in design and the teaching of analogical design methods in design education.
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Vattam, Swaroop S., Michael E. Helms, and Ashok K. Goel. "A content account of creative analogies in biologically inspired design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (2010): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006041000034x.
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AbstractThe growing movement of biologically inspired design is driven in part by the need for sustainable development and in part by the recognition that nature could be a source of innovation. Biologically inspired design by definition entails cross-domain analogies from biological systems to problems in engineering and other design domains. However, the practice of biologically inspired design at present typically isad hoc, with little systemization of either biological knowledge for the purposes of engineering design or the processes of transferring knowledge of biological designs to engineering problems. In this paper we present an intricate episode of biologically inspired engineering design that unfolded over an extended period of time. We then analyze our observations in terms ofwhy,what,how, andwhenquestions of analogy. This analysis contributes toward a content theory of creative analogies in the context of biologically inspired design.
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ÖZCAN, Oğuzhan, and Ahmet GÜZERERLER. "RE-READING DESIGN: CULTURAL ANALOGIES FOR INSPIRATION IN INTERACTION DESIGN." TURKISH ONLINE JOURNAL OF DESIGN ART AND COMMUNICATION 8, no. 2 (2018): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7456/10802100/015.
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Liu, Hsueh‐Ti Derek, and Alec Jacobson. "Normal‐Driven Spherical Shape Analogies." Computer Graphics Forum 40, no. 5 (2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14356.
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Yin, Bi Ju, Yan Xiong, Yan Li, and Xiang Long Li. "Product Design Thinking Mode Based on Analogical Reasoning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 2265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.2265.
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Analogical reasoning is a common way to produce design concept, but there are less researches of design thinking based on the analogical reasoning. This paper constructesd a kind of design thinking schema based on the analogical reasoning (DTSBAR), pointing out the general flow of the thinking mode, with discussing the general characteristics of analogy mapping and analogy inference reasoning process. The design process of portable pencil sharpener proved effectiveness of this design thinking patterns. The research would be helpful to understand the designer's design thinking rules, and to promote the production of design innovation.
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Bardasz, T., and I. Zeid. "Applying analogical problem solving to mechanical design." Computer-Aided Design 23, no. 3 (1991): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(91)90090-j.
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Cheong, Hyunmin, Gregory M. Hallihan, and L. H. Shu. "Design problem solving with biological analogies: A verbal protocol study." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 28, no. 1 (2014): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060413000486.
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AbstractBiomimetic design applies biological analogies to solve design problems and has been known to produce innovative solutions. However, when designers are asked to perform biomimetic design, they often have difficulty recognizing analogies between design problems and biological phenomena. Therefore, this research aims to investigate designer behaviors that either hinder or promote the use of analogies in biomimetic design. A verbal protocol study was conducted on 30 engineering students working in small teams while participating in biomimetic design sessions. A coding scheme was developed to analyze cognitive processes involved in biomimetic design. We observed that teams were less likely to apply overall biological analogies if they tended to recall existing solutions that could be easily associated with specific superficial or functional characteristics of biological phenomena. We also found that the tendency to evaluate ideas, which reflects critical thinking, correlates with the likelihood of identifying overall biological analogies. Insights from this paper may contribute toward developing generalized methods to facilitate biomimetic design.
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Bhatta, Sambasiva R., and Ashok K. Goel. "From design experiences to generic mechanisms: Model-based learning in analogical design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 10, no. 2 (1996): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001372.
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AbstractAnalogical reasoning plays an important role in design. In particular, cross-domain analogies appear to be important in innovative and creative design. However, making cross-domain analogies is hard and often requires abstractions common to the source and target domains. Recent work in case-based design suggests that generic mechanisms are one type of abstractions useful in adapting past designs. However, one important yet unexplored issue is where these generic mechanisms come from. We hypothesize that they are acquired incrementally from design experiences in familiar domains by abstraction over patterns of regularity. Three important issues in abstraction from experiences are what to abstract from an experience, how far to abstract, and what methods to use. In this short paper, we describe how structure-behavior-function models of designs in a familiar domain provide the content, and together with the problem-solving context in which learning occurs, also provide the constraints for learning generic mechanisms from design experiences. In particular, we describe the model-based learning method with a scenario of learning feedback mechanism.
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Lucero, Briana M., Matthew J. Adams, and Cameron J. Turner. "Introduction to quantitative engineering design methods via controls engineering." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 31, no. 4 (2017): 458–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000415.
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AbstractFunctional modeling is an effective method of depicting products in the design process. Using this approach, product architecture, concept generation, and physical modeling all contribute to the design process to generate a result full of quality and functionality. The functional basis approach provides taxonomy of uniform vocabulary to produce function structures with consistent functions (verbs) and flows (nouns). Material and energy flows dominate function structures in the mechanical engineering domain with only a small percentage including signal flows. Research suggests that the signal flow gap is due to the requirement of “carrier” flows of either material or energy to transport the signals between functions. This research suggests that incorporating controls engineering methodologies may increase the number of signal flows in function structures. We show correlations between the functional modeling and controls engineering in four facets: schematic similarities, performance matching through flows, mathematical function creation using bond graphs, and isomorphic matching of the aforementioned characteristics allows for analogical solutions. Controls systems use block diagrams to represent the sequential steps of the system. These block diagrams parallel the function structures of engineering design. Performance metrics between the two domains can be complimentary when decomposed down to nondimensional engineering units. Mathematical functions of the actions in controls systems can resemble the functional basis functions with bond graphs by identifying characteristic behavior of the functions on the flows. Isomorphic matching, using the schematic diagrams, produces analogies based upon similar functionality and target performance metrics. These four similarities bridge the mechanical and electrical domains via the controls domain. We provide concepts and contextualization for the methodology using domain-agnostic examples. We conclude with suggestion of pathways forward for this preliminary research.
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Gomes, Paulo, Nuno Seco, Francisco C. Pereira, et al. "The importance of retrieval in creative design analogies." Knowledge-Based Systems 19, no. 7 (2006): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2006.04.006.
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Cook, Diane J. "Application of parallelized analogical planning to engineering design." Applied Intelligence 1, no. 2 (1991): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00058879.
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Davies, Jim, Ashok K. Goel, and Nancy J. Nersessian. "A computational model of visual analogies in design." Cognitive Systems Research 10, no. 3 (2009): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2008.09.006.
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Lailiyah, Siti, Kusaeri Kusaeri, Endah Retnowati, and Erman Erman. "A Ruppert’s framework: How do prospective teachers develop analogical reasoning in solving algebraic problems?" JRAMathEdu (Journal of Research and Advances in Mathematics Education) 7, no. 3 (2022): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jramathedu.v7i3.17527.
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It is widely agreed that knowing how prospective teachers develop analogical reasoning in solving problems is important. Some problem solving is domain specific and require particular ways of analogical reasoning skill, therefore this study aims to reveal the development of analogical reasoning and strategies used by prospective teachers. The research design use a qualitative method. As many as 69 mathematics prospective teachers were involved voluntarily to complete algebraic tasks and 12 of them were interviewed to investigate their analogical reasoning and solution strategies. The data analysis used the Ruppert’s framework consisting of four components: structuring, mapping, applying, and verifying. It was found that the first three components were fully performed by the prospective teachers. However, the verifying stage was applied by prospective teachers in different ways. The dominant strategy used was a combined strategy of multiplication and addition. Their strategies varied according to the subjects’ general ability. The more strategies employed in solving problems, the better their analogical reasoning becomes. This implies that instructional designs that will be developed by prospective teachers may vary. Therefore, during their candidature, they should be provided by many solving strategies in problem solving to develop students’ analogical reasoning.
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Harrod, James B. "A post-structuralist revised Weil–Lévi-Strauss transformation formula for conceptual value-fields." Sign Systems Studies 46, no. 2/3 (2018): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2018.46.2-3.03.
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The structuralist André-Weil–Claude-Lévi-Strauss transformation formula (CF), initially applied to kinship systems, mythology, ritual, artistic design and architecture, was rightfully criticized for its rationalism and tendency to reduce complex transformations to analogical structures. I present a revised non-mathematical revision of the CF, a general transformation formula (rCF) applicable to networks of complementary semantic binaries in conceptual value-fields of culture, including comparative religion and mythology, ritual, art, literature and philosophy. The rCF is a rule-guided formula for combinatorial conceptualizing in non-representational, presentational mythopoetics and other cultural symbolizations. I consider poststructuralist category-theoretic and algebraic mathematical interpretations of the CF as themselves only mathematical analogies, which serve to stimulate further revision of the logic model of the rCF. The rCF can be used in hypothesis-making to advance understanding of the evolution and prehistory of human symbolic behaviour in cultural space, philosophical ontologies and categories, definitions and concepts in art, religion, psychotherapy, and other cultural-value forms.
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Németh, Balázs. "Consequences of an Analysis Using Biblical Analogies for Automated Vehicle Control Design." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Theologia Reformata Transylvanica 67, no. 2 (2022): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbtref.67.2.02.
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"The paper proposes an analysis of learning-based approaches for automated vehicle control systems from an ethical viewpoint. An analysis using analogies between selected biblical texts and operation concepts of learning-based approaches is performed. Thus, analogies for supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning-based approaches are created. Through the analogies, the root of the automatic control design problems, i.e. forming objective functions, on a theological level is explored. The analysis leads to three consequences, which are related to the difficulty of forming control objective, the difficulty of considering human objectives in control, and the necessity of viewing systems in all their complexity. The paper proposes the application of the consequences in an illustrative route selection vehicle control example. A multi-layer control concept involving the consequences of the analysis is proposed, with which some ethical challenges of the selected control problem can be handled. Keywords: biblical analogies, automated vehicle control, ethical challenges, machine learning "
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Jabir, Adnan. "Image Geometrical Analogies." Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55562/jrucs.v23i2.484.
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Geometric transform (G.T.) of images is a critical operation in commercial television, film producing and advertisement design. All geometric transformation operations are performed by moving pixel values from their original spatial coordinates to new coordinates in the destination image. The traditional algorithms for geometric transformation are time consuming and not accurate. With a very few exceptions, all geometric transformations result in some output pixel locations being missed because no input pixels were transformed there. This paper presents an easy-to- implement and very efficient algorithm for image geometric transform. The idea behind the proposed algorithm comes from the current work on transferring properties between images, where various types of properties (i.e. transformation filters) are to be learned from one source image – and applied to another target image. The results demonstrate the efficiency effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Shu, L. H. "A natural-language approach to biomimetic design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 24, no. 4 (2010): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060410000363.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes various aspects of identifying and applying biological analogies in engineering design using a natural-language approach. To avoid the immense as well as potentially biased task of creating a biological database specifically for engineering design, the chosen approach searches biological knowledge in natural-language format, such as books and papers, for instances of keywords describing the engineering problem. Strategies developed to facilitate this search are identified, and how text descriptions of biological phenomena are used in problem solving is summarized. Several application case studies are reported to illustrate the approach. The value of the natural-language approach is demonstrated by its ability to identify relevant biological analogies that are not limited to those entered into a database specifically for engineering design.
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Christensen, Bo T., and Christian D. Schunn. "The relationship of analogical distance to analogical function and preinventive structure: the case of engineering design." Memory & Cognition 35, no. 1 (2007): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03195939.
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FUJII, Haruyuki, and Yoshitsugu AOKI. "A LOGICAL EXPRESSION OF ANALOGICAL REASONING RELATED TO DESIGN." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 68, no. 574 (2003): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.68.55_7.
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Zhang, Jing. "Analogical Transfer: A Practical Approach to Innovative Product Design." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1687.
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For the purpose of presenting a practical approach that is contributed to breakthrough product design, we investigated certain firms and their novel products. The findings reveal that cross-industry knowledge acquisition has played an essential role in providing innovative design solutions, and the connotation of this phenomenon is the application of analogical transfer. Based on the cognitive psychology theories, we further discussed the procedures for an analogy-based design, which includes goal-setting, representation, retrieval and mapping. Finally, a systematic design method is proposed.
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Yaner, Patrick W., and Ashok K. Goel. "Analogical recognition of shape and structure in design drawings." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 2 (2008): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000085.
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AbstractWe describe a method for constructing a structural model of an unlabeled target two-dimensional line drawing by analogy to a known source model of a drawing with similar structure. The source case is represented as a schema that contains its line drawing and its structural model represented at multiple levels of abstraction: the lines and intersections in the drawing, the shapes, the structural components, and connections of the device are depicted in the drawing. Given a target drawing and a relevant source case, our method of compositional analogy first constructs a representation of the lines and the intersections in the target drawing, then uses the mappings at the level of line intersections to transfer the shape representations from the source case to the target; next, it uses the mappings at the level of shapes to transfer the full structural model of the depicted system from the source to the target.
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Goel, Ashok K., and L. H. Shu. "Analogical thinking: An introduction in the context of design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 29, no. 2 (2015): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060415000013.
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Siddharth, L., and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "Evaluating the impact of Idea-Inspire 4.0 on analogical transfer of concepts." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 4 (2018): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060418000136.
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AbstractThe biological domain has the potential to offer a rich source of analogies to solve engineering design problems. However, due to the complexity embedded in biological systems, adding to the lack of structured, detailed, and searchable knowledge bases, engineering designers find it hard to access the knowledge in the biological domain, which therefore poses challenges in understanding the biological concepts in order to apply these concepts to engineering design problems. In order to assist the engineering designers in problem-solving, we report, in this paper, a web-based tool called Idea-Inspire 4.0 that supports analogical design using two broad features. First, the tool provides access to a number of biological systems using a searchable knowledge base. Second, it explains each one of these biological systems using a multi-modal representation: that is, using function decomposition model, text, function model, image, video, and audio. In this paper, we report two experiments that test how well the multi-modal representation in Idea-Inspire 4.0 supports understanding and application of biological concepts in engineering design problems. In one experiment, we use Bloom's method to test “analysis” and “synthesis” levels of understanding of a biological system. In the next experiment, we provide an engineering design problem along with a biological-analogous system and examine the novelty and requirement-satisfaction (two major indicators of creativity) of resulting design solutions. In both the experiments, the biological system (analogue) was provided using Idea-Inspire 4.0 as well as using a conventional text-image representation so that the efficacy of Idea-Inspire 4.0 is tested using a benchmark.
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Rumble, Ryan, and Niall Anthony Minto. "How to use analogies for creative business modelling." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 2 (2017): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-09-2016-0091.
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Purpose This paper aims to present a method for interpreting and reinterpreting business models as analogies to support the creation of new business model ideas. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the literature on cognitive frames and attention to demonstrate the often-overlooked potential of analogies. From this, the authors derive practical recommendations for the use of analogies in creative business model design. Findings Managers can design creative business models by seeking multiple interpretations of the way other businesses create and capture value. Originality/value Business model frameworks are commonplace, but there is little discussion on how to use them effectively. Furthermore, while analogies are helpful in inspiring novel ideas, their creative potential is limited if the questions asked of and insights found in the case study are not reimagined. The authors provide a practical solution to increase creativity in business model design by recursively reflecting upon issues and solutions.