Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Design cellule »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Design cellule"
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Vályi-Nagy, Marianna, Attila Rácz, Katalin Irmes, et al. "Evaluation of the Development Process of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Winter Pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Intercropping by Yield Components." Agronomy 13, no. 5 (2023): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051323.
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The future of wheat production depends on our ability to adapt to changing growing conditions. It is expected that intercropping will be more emphasized where natural source of nitrogen may increase the resilience of cereals. Our investigation was made in two growing seasons (2020–2021, 2021–2022) with three winter wheat varieties (GK Szilárd, Cellule, GK Csillag) and a winter pea variety (Aviron) in Szeged-Öthalom. Each plot was 10 square meters in four repeats in randomized block design. We used a seed mixture of both species with three sowing densities. In this study, we represent a development process of two winter-sown species, then yield components evaluated by cumulative yield production analysis and multivariate regression. Mixtures were only beneficial for wheat in the case of GK Szilárd 50% and Aviron 75%, Cellule 75% and Aviron 100% (in 2021), Cellule 100% and Aviron 50% (in 2022), GK Csillag 75% and Aviron 50%. The yield was determined by the number and weight of grains in both species (and also number of pea pods). Knowledge of the development process of the companion plants is a key issue in creating an effective intercrop. This self-sustaining, low input and energy efficient cropping practice has a great potential in temperate areas.
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Giugliano, Giovanna, Mario Buono, and Sonia Capece. "Design per configurare nuovi luoghi e spazi di apprendimento adattivi." i+Diseño. Revista Científico-Académica Internacional de Innovación, Investigación y Desarrollo en Diseño 16 (December 16, 2021): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/idiseno.2021.v16i.12804.
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Diseñar formas y espacios de aprendizaje es un proceso que requiere creatividad pedagógica, arquitectónica, social, cultural y política.La literatura científica nacional e internacional (OCDE, 2017) sobre innovación educativa destaca la estrecha relación que conecta la didáctica con el entorno de aprendizaje. Por ello, los procesos de renovación educativa no pueden prescindir de una nueva visión de los espacios escolares y de los entornos educativos.Surgen nuevas pautas de planificación escolar, se enfatiza el aprendizaje como un proceso activo y constructivo en el que cada niño tiene un papel «protagonista».De hecho, en el escenario contemporáneo, los estudiantes se convierten en participantes activos en la creación de información y nuevas ideas en el entorno educativo. En consecuencia, la educación del siglo XXI se basa en tres principios pedagógicos (McLoughlin & Lee, 2008): personalización, participación y productividad (Luna Scott, 2015).El estudio de estos aspectos, acompañado del análisis evaluativo y comparativo de experiencias de diseño en el ámbito escolar, nos ha permitido configurar el nuevo concepto SINAPSI 0-14, un sistema de mobiliario que adapta y adopta tecnologías avanzadas para satisfacer las necesidades de los niños y profesores, actuales y futuras, según una perspectiva holística.El objetivo era diseñar un sistema de celdas «orgánicas» modulares, flexibles y adaptables que pudieran ser utilizadas de forma transversal por usuarios de diferentes edades, desde jardines de infancia hasta centros de enseñanza primaria y secundaria. SINAPSI 0-14 se configura en formas que pertenecen a un universo de geometrías que se remontan a una única matriz de elementos orgánicos. El conjunto de símbolos que pueden agregarse definen diferentes formas del sistema de mobiliario, haciendo que el espacio educativo sea «cronotópico» y capaz de cambiar según el tiempo y el lugar que se cree y según el uso y las necesidades.Estos estudios en profundidad han permitido reconstruir un repertorio analítico crítico sobre el tema de los espacios educativos y la arquitectura escolar, entrelazando sus cambios en función de los modelos pedagógicos y los instrumentos normativos, para definir la escuela del futuro.
 Progettare forme e spazi di apprendimento è un processo che richiede creatività pedagogica, architettonica, sociale, culturale e politica.La letteratura scientifica nazionale e internazionale (OECD, 2017) sull’innovazione educativa evidenzia la stretta relazione che connette la didattica all’ambiente di apprendimento. Per tale ragione, i processi di rinnovamento della didattica non posso prescindere da una nuova visione degli spazi scolastici e dei setting educativi.Emergono nuove linee guida per la progettazione scolastica, si enfatizza l’apprendimento come un processo attivo e costruttivo nel quale ogni bambino ha un ruolo di “protagonista”.Difatti, nello scenario contemporaneo, gli studenti divengono partecipanti attivi alla creazione di informazioni e di nuove idee nell’ambiente educativo. Di conseguenza, l'istruzione del ventunesimo secolo si basa su tre principi pedagogici (McLoughlin & Lee, 2008): personalizzazione, partecipazione e produttività (Luna Scott, 2015).Lo studio di tali aspetti, accompagnato dall’analisi valutativa e comparativa di esperienze progettuali in campo scolastico, ha consentito di configurare il nuovo concept allestitivo SINAPSI 0-14, un sistema d’arredo che adatti e adotti le avanzate tecnologie per rispondere ai bisogni di bambini e insegnanti, attuali e futuri, secondo una prospettiva olistica.L’obiettivo è stato progettare un sistema di cellule “organiche” modulari, flessibili e adattabili che possano essere utilizzate in maniera trasversale da utenti di diverse età, dalle scuole d’infanzia alle scuole primarie e secondarie di primo grado. SINAPSI 0-14 si configura in forme appartenenti a un universo di geometrie riconducibili a un’unica matrice di elementi organici. L’insieme dei simboli aggregabili definiscono differenti forme del sistema di arredo rendendo lo spazio didattico “cronotopico” atto a modificarsi in funzione del tempo e del luogo che si crea e in funzione dell’uso e delle esigenze.Tali approfondimenti hanno consentito di ricostruire un repertorio critico analitico sul tema degli spazi educativi e delle architetture scolastiche intrecciandone i cambiamenti in linea con i modelli pedagogici e gli strumenti normativi, al fine di definire la scuola del futuro.
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Dhiman, Rajni, and Puneet Utreja. "DESIGN AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE TRANSDERMAL PATCHES USING HYDROXY PROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE AND ETHYL CELLULOSE COMBINATION." INDIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND SCIENCE 7, no. 4 (2020): 2415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2020.7.4.3.
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Bahrepour, Davoud. "A Novel Full Comparator Design Based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata." International Journal of Information and Electronics Engineering 5, no. 6 (2015): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijiee.2015.v5.568.
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Nozari, Mehrnaz, and Hamed Nahr. "ENGINEERING CELLULAR HARMONY: A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW ON CELL PRODUCTION SYSTEM DESIGN." American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations 6, no. 1 (2024): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume06issue01-02.
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This literature review delves into the intricate domain ofcell production system design, offering a comprehensive exploration of the methodologies, technologies, and advancements that contribute to engineering cellular harmony. The study synthesizes key findings from a broad spectrum of research, providing insights into the diverse strategies employed in designing cell production systems. By analyzing current trends, challenges, and future directions, this review aims to guide researchers, engineers, and practitioners in advancing the field of cell production system design.
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Shahidinejad, Ali, Ali Farrokhtala, Saman Asadi, Maryam Mofarrahi, and Toni Anwar. "A Novel Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata XOR Design." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.545.
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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is an emerging nanotechnology that promises faster speed, smaller size, and lower power consumption compared to the transistor-based technology. Moreover, XOR is a useful component for the design of many logical and functional circuits. This paper proposes a novel and efficient QCA XOR design. The proposed XOR design has been compared to a few recent designs in terms of area, speed and complexity. Comparison of results illustrates significant improvements in our design as compared to traditional approaches. Also simulation proves that the proposed XOR design is completely robust and more sustainable to high input frequency as compared to other designs. This robustness is highly significant when this component is applied for realizing larger designs.
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De Roos, Albert D. G. "A Proposed Framework for Cellular Evolution." Communications of the Blyth Institute 1, no. 1 (2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33014/issn.2640-5652.1.1.deroos.1.
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 This article shows how a good understanding of the design principles that underlie life is crucial in understanding its evolution. It gives concrete examples on how designs can be applied to evolution in the same way an engineer uses designs in creating building or bridges, or a software engineer that designs programs that can evolve. If we apply the notion of a design for evolution and realize that it is in its basis an evolving system of molecular machines, we can start to reverse engineer evolution and understand life. This article shows scenario’s for the origin of life and cel- lular life and how eukaryotic cells evolved to multicellular organisms. The driving force for evolution would be the intrinsic capability of the molecular machines to evolve and this basic tendency to evolve its ultimate goal. The scenarios that can be deduced following a design framework are drastically different from the theories that have been proposed so far. Based on the premise that that evolution can be modeled on a design framework, we can deduce that life evolved inside-out and that ontology reflects phylogeny on a molecular basis
 
 
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Yang, Li. "Experimental-assisted design development for an octahedral cellular structure using additive manufacturing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 2 (2015): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-12-2014-0178.
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Purpose – This paper aims to demonstrate the design and verification of a 3D reticulate octahedral cellular structure using both analytical modeling and additive manufacturing. Traditionally, it has been difficult to develop and verify designs for 3D cellular structures due to their design complexity. Design/methodology/approach – Unit cell modeling approach was used to model the octahedral cellular structure. By applying structural symmetry simplification, the cellular structure was simplified into a representative geometry that could be further designed with a standard beam theory. The verification samples were fabricated with EBM process using Ti6Al4V as materials, and compressive testing were performed to evaluate their properties. In addition, designs with different number of unit cells were investigated to evaluate their size effect. Findings – Explicit mechanical property design (including modulus and compressive strength) of the octahedral cellular structure was realized via parametric equations driven by geometrical designs and material types. In addition, it was verified both numerically and experimentally that the octahedral cellular structure exhibit unusual size effect, which is highly predictable. Unlike some of the other cellular structures, the octahedral cellular structure exhibits softening behavior when the number of unit cell increases between the sandwich skins, which could be explained by the upsetting effect commonly observed in bulk deformation processes. Originality/value – This paper established a more comprehensive understanding in the design of octahedral cellular structures, which could enable this type of structure to be designed for sandwich structures with higher fidelity. Therefore, this study not only demonstrated an efficient methodology to design 3D cellular structures using additive manufacturing, but also facilitated the development of design for an additive manufacturing theory.
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Arsent’ev, M. Yu, S. V. Balabanov, M. M. Sychev, and D. S. Dolgin. "Crystalline Design of Cellular Materials." Glass Physics and Chemistry 46, no. 6 (2020): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1087659620060024.
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RAJAMANI*, D., N. SINGH, and Y. P. ANEJA. "Design of cellular manufacturing systems." International Journal of Production Research 34, no. 7 (1996): 1917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549608905004.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Design cellule"
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Qiu, Kepeng. "Analysis and optimal design of lightweight sandwich structures and materials." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2046.
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La thèse concerne les performances de l’analyse et de l’optimisation de structures composites légères du type “solides cellulaires et sandwich”. Une étude spécifique est consacrée à l’optimisation topologique de solides cellulaires à périodicité. La méthode de super-élément est développée et appliquée à l’analyse statique et dynamique de plaques composites en considérant l’influence de la topologie et des dimensions de cellules périodiques constituant la structure. La méthode multi-phase d’homogénéisation 3D est appliquée pour calculer les propriétés élastiques équivalentes de structures nid d’abeille. Ensuite, une méthode inverse d’homogénéisation est appliquée pour obtenir une configuration de la microstructure. Elle concerne la maximisation de propriétés élastiques ainsi que de conductivités thermiques. L’optimisation topologique est mise en œuvre pour maximiser la rigidité globale des structures cellulaires comprenant les cellules carrées ou cylindriques à symétrie cyclique. Tous les éléments volumiques représentatifs (RVE – representative volume element) d’une structure cellulaire périodique sont modélisés en utilisant la méthode de super-élément (SE). La technique de liaison des variables d’optimisation est utilisée pour la périodicité dans les structures optimales. Les différentes configurations optimales RVE-SE étudiées permettent d’illustrer l’influence du paramètre d’échelle entre RVE et SE sur le processus d’optimisation. Des relations entre les dimensions d’une cellule et le nombre de cellules dans une plaque avec différentes conditions aux limites et leurs influences sur les solutions optimales en statique et en dynamique sont étudiées<br>The thesis deals with the performance analysis and the topology design of lightweight cellular solids and sandwich structures. Special emphasis is devoted to the topological optimization of periodic cellular solids based on the super-element method. The bending static and dynamic analysis and the core design of sandwich panels considering the size effect of cells is developed. The multi-step homogenization method is applied to calculate the effective elastic constants of multi-layered 3D honeycomb sandwich. The effective results are credible by comparison with other methods including classical formula, energy method and engineering empirical method. An integrated topology optimization procedure is developed for the global stiffness maximization of different cellular solids such as cyclic-symmetry square and cylinder structures. Each RVE (representative volume element) of periodic cellular solids is modeled by the SE (super-element) method. The technique of linking the design variables is adopted to ensure the periodicity of the optimal configuration over the whole structure after optimization. The various optimal configurations permit to illustrate the influence of size variation of RVE-SE on the optimal results. The computational efficiency is studied during the optimization process when the super-element method is adopted. A special study on the size effect is carried out for the bending static and dynamic analysis of the core design of sandwich panels. Special attention is devoted to the influence of size effect on the optimal results
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HAJHOUJ, MOUAMD. "Programmation hors ligne : emulation des composants d'une cellule robotisee." Paris, ENSAM, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENAM0005.
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On traite du cas d'une cellule robotisee comportant plusieurs chaines cinematiques. Le module d'execution gene la synchronisation et la communication entr les differentes taches. Le passage au robot reel montre que l'emulation de la commande elimine les erreurs dues a l'utilisation d'algorithmes generaux
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Diallo, Cheikh-Dieylar. "Study and design of new multibeam antenna architectures in Ku and Ka bands for broadband satellite applications." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S151/document.
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Les antennes multifaisceaux (AMFs) sont cruciales pour les applications de télécommunications par satellite modernes et futures, civiles et militaires. La partie basse du spectre électromagnétique est saturée alors que de larges bandes de fréquences sont disponibles dans la bande Ka, dans laquelle des missions à très-haut débit ont émergées au cours de la dernière décennie. La tendance consiste à réduire la taille des spots pour les couvertures multi-spots afin de diminuer le prix des satellites. Ainsi des antennes d’ouverture de plus en plus grande électriquement sont requises, induisant des ruptures technologiques majeures. Les lentilles de Luneburg insérées dans un guide d’ondes à plans parallèles (GOPP) deux plaques métalliques parallèles (PMPs) sont des solutions attractives pour illuminer les AMFs, puisqu’elles peuvent aboutir à des formateurs de faisceaux de bande et champ de visée larges, pertes et coûts faibles, et simples à concevoir, réaliser et intégrer. Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur le développement de nouvelles méthodes d’implémentation et sur la conception de AMFs à base de lentille de Luneburg. La réalisation de la lentille de Luneburg est connue pour être un défi technologique majeur. Un état de l’art des méthodes de réalisation est fourni. Ensuite, deux nouvelles méthodes sont proposées, ainsi qu’une méthode et des outils de conception. La première méthode de réalisation consiste en une matrice périodique et régulière de plots métalliques de taille inférieure à la longueur d’onde, et où la séparation du GOPP varie. La hauteur des plots et la séparation du GOPP contrôlent la valeur de l’indice de réfraction équivalente. L’antenne à 9 faisceaux tout métal conçue, fabriquée et mesurée, comporte 8314 plots et présente d’excellentes performances, notamment meilleures que sa version à séparation de plaques constante. La seconde méthode de réalisation consiste en une matrice périodique et régulière de trous circulaires de taille inférieure à la longueur d’onde réalisés sur un des deux revêtements cuivrés d’un substrat diélectrique plus une plaque métallique supérieure séparée du plan des trous par une couche d’air d’épaisseur fixe. L’antenne à 5 faisceaux conçue comporte 2696 trous et présente de très bonnes performances comparés à ces semblables dans la littérature<br>Multi-beam antennas (MBAs) are crucial to modern and future, civilian and military satellite telecommunications applications. The low part of the electromagnetic spectrum is congested, while wide band of frequencies are available in the Ka-band, in which broadband missions have emerged in the last decade. The trend is reducing the size of spots in multi-beam coverage to reduce the cost of satellites, hence more electrically large antennas are needed, with major technological breakthrough as a consequence. Luneburg lenses in parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) are attractive solutions to excite MBAs, since they could lead to wide band and field-of-view, low loss and cost, easy to design, manufacture and accommodate Beam Forming Networks. This PhD deals with the development of novel implementations and the design of broadband, low loss and wide field-of-view Luneburg lens based MBAs. The implementation of the Luneburg lens is known as a major technological challenge. A state-of-the art of the implementation techniques is presented. Then two novel implementations of Luneburg lens in PPW environment are proposed, like design method, process and tools. The first implementation consists of a periodic and regular array of subwavelength vertical metal posts, where the PPW spacing is variable. The post height and PPW spacing modulate the equivalent refractive index. The all-metal 9-beams antenna designed, manufactured and measured, has 8314 posts and shows excellent performances, better than the traditional constant PPW spacing version. The second implementation consists of periodic and regular array of subwavelength circular holes etched on the copper cladding of a dielectric substrate with an air gap between the holes plane and the PPW top plate. The radius of the holes control the equivalent index. The 5-beams antenna designed has 2696 holes and shows very good performances as compared to similar devices in literature
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Bichon, Alexia. "Etude et détection operando, à l'aide d'une électrode de référence, des hétérogénéités de vieillissement liées au design des cellules lithium-ion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY009.
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L’essor des batteries lithium-ion pour de multiples applications, et notamment pour les véhicules électriques, a accéléré la recherche associée. Afin d’étendre leurs usages, l’amélioration des performances en termes de densité d’énergie, de sécurité et de régime de charge est un enjeu majeur pour la décennie en cours. Pour répondre à ces critères, une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de dégradation et de leurs conditions d’apparition est nécessaire [1]. De plus, il existe plusieurs « designs » et formats de cellules « batteries », et plusieurs types de sollicitations. Ces différents designs impactent les contraintes locales et donc les modes de vieillissement des matériaux internes. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette thèse était de mieux comprendre l’apparition et le développement des hétérogénéités de dégradation au sein de cellules électrochimiques utilisant les mêmes matériaux mais avec des « designs » différents.Nous avons choisi pour cette thèse de travailler sur des cellules, composées de NMC622 à la positive et de graphite + 10 % SiOx à la négative, assemblées en plusieurs designs et, nous avons étudié leur vieillissement suivant différentes sollicitations. Dans un premier temps, l’étude a porté sur l’impact de la sollicitation sur les mécanismes de dégradation afin d’établir un protocole favorable au vieillissement. Pour cela des cellules de petit format en mono-couche d'électrodes, de 30 mAh, ont été fabriquées et instrumentées avec une électrode de référence qui a permis de suivre l’évolution des potentiels de chacune des électrodes [2]. Un intérêt particulier a été porté à l’étude du potentiel de l'électrode négative et du lithium plating, responsable en grande partie de la perte de lithium cyclable lors des charges rapides. Cette première partie du travail a permis de définir les protocoles de vieillissement adaptés pour l’étude menée sur les cellules multicouches.Des cellules de plus grande capacité, 500 mAh, chimiquement identiques aux précédentes, ont été réalisées au laboratoire selon deux designs différents : stacké et bobiné prismatique. Vieillies selon des protocoles identiques, ces cellules nous ont permis de comparer les deux designs et d’identifier, pour chacun, les causes majeures de dégradation selon les types de cyclage. Les cellules bobinées ont présenté des hétérogénéités de vieillissement plus importantes que les cellules stackées.Enfin, connaissant les principaux effets du vieillissement tels que : l’assèchement local de l’électrolyte, la décohésion de la matière active et l’obstruction des pores du séparateur, ces défauts ont été reproduits artificiellement lors de la fabrication des cellules afin de mieux comprendre leur impact respectif. Nous avons, dans cette troisième partie, cherché à étudier comment une dégradation locale se développait et impactait le vieillissement de la cellule complète. Cette étape du travail a permis d’aider à la compréhension de l’origine de certaines hétérogénéités.En parallèle de ce travail expérimental, une étude de l’état de l’art nous a permis d’identifier des pistes pour l’intégration des hétérogénéités à l’échelle des électrodes au sein de modèles multi-physiques intégrant le vieillissement à l’échelle de la cellule. Ce travail a permis de dégager un certain nombre de perspectives quant à l’amélioration des modèles multi-physiques et la prise en compte des hétérogénéités de contrainte et de vieillissement en fonction du design des cellules.[1] J. S. Edge et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 8200–8221, 2021, doi: 10.1039/D1CP00359C.[2] O. Chaouachi, et al., Electrochimica Acta, vol. 366, p. 137428, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137428<br>The rapid development of lithium-ion batteries for a wide range of applications, particularly electric vehicles, has accelerated the pace of related research. In order to extend their use, improved performance in terms of energy density, safety and charging rate is a major challenge for the current decade. To meet these criteria, a better understanding of degradation mechanisms and their onset conditions is required [1]. In addition, there are several designs and formats of battery cells, and several types of stress. These different designs have an impact on local stresses and therefore on the ageing modes of internal materials. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to better understand the appearance and development of degradation heterogeneities within electrochemical cells using the same materials but with different "designs".For this thesis, we chose to work on cells composed of NMC622 on the positive electrode and graphite + 10 % SiOx on the negative electrode, assembled in several designs, and we studied their ageing under different cycling conditions. Initially, the study focused on the impact of cycling conditions on degradation mechanisms, in order to establish a protocol favorable to ageing. To this end, small-format cells with a single layer of 30 mAh electrodes were manufactured and instrumented with a reference electrode, enabling the evolution of potentials on each electrode to be monitored [2]. Particular attention was paid to studying the potential of the negative electrode and lithium plating, which is largely responsible for the loss of cyclable lithium during fast charging. This first part of the work enabled us to define the ageing protocols suitable for the study carried out on multilayer cells.Cells with a larger capacity, 500 mAh, chemically identical to the previous ones, were produced in the laboratory using two different designs: stacked and prismatic wound. Aged according to identical protocols, these cells enabled us to compare the two designs and identify, for each, the major causes of degradation depending on the type of cycling. Wound cells showed greater ageing heterogeneity than stacked cells.Finally, knowing the main effects of ageing such as: local drying of the electrolyte, decohesion of the active material and clogging of the separator pores, these defects were artificially reproduced during cell manufacturing in order to better understand their respective impact. In this third part, we sought to study how local degradation developed and impacted the ageing of the entire cell. This stage of the work helped to understand the origin of certain heterogeneities.In parallel with this experimental work, a study of the state of the art has enabled us to identify avenues for the integration of electrode-scale heterogeneities within multi-physics models incorporating ageing at the cell scale. This work has opened up a number of prospects for improving multi-physics models and taking account of stress and ageing heterogeneities as a function of cell design.[1] J. S. Edge et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol. 23, no. 14, pp. 8200–8221, 2021, doi: 10.1039/D1CP00359C.[2] O. Chaouachi, et al., Electrochimica Acta, vol. 366, p. 137428, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137428
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Loricourt, Johan. "Réalisation de liaisons céramique-métal par brasage dans une cellule prototype d’électrolyse de la vapeur d’eau à haute température pour la production d’hydrogène." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20037.
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L'électrolyse de la vapeur d'eau à haute température et sous pression avec des électrolytes à conduction protonique est un moyen envisagé pour produire massivement de l'hydrogène à un coût compétitif. Pour être fonctionnelle, une cellule d'électrolyse doit être hermétique vis-à-vis de l'extérieur et entre le compartiment anodique (O2 et H2O) et le compartiment cathodique (H2). Ainsi, la réalisation de liaisons céramique-métal est nécessaire, soit pour l'intégration de l'électrolyte (liaison perovskite-métal), soit pour l'intégration d'alimentations électriques (liaison alumine-métal). Compte-tenu des conditions de fonctionnement de la cellule (600°C, 50 bars, vapeur d'eau), seul un procédé de brasage est envisageable pour réaliser des jonctions résistantes mécaniquement et hermétiques. L'expertise des processus de corrosion sous vapeur d'eau a permis de définir la partie métallique et la brasure pour cette application et a montré que des alliages spécifiques étaient requis. L'étude de métallisation des céramiques par PVD pour permettre le mouillage de la brasure au moment du brasage a montré que la présence d'une barrière de diffusion était nécessaire, pour éviter la dissolution du dépôt lors du passage à l'état liquide de la brasure. Après une étude de mouillabilité à chaud de la brasure sélectionnée sur les céramiques métallisées et les substrats métalliques, les liaisons ont été optimisées en appliquant la méthodologie des plans d'expériences sur des éprouvettes normalisées. L'ensemble des résultats a ainsi conduit au développement de liaisons céramique-métal possédant de bonnes propriétés mécaniques (Rm = 60 MPa à 20°C) et hermétiques<br>Steam electrolysis at high temperature and under pressure with protonic conduction electrolyte is a way to produce hydrogen massively at low cost. To operate, an electrolysis cell must be hermetic especially between the anodic compartment (O2 and H2O) and the cathodic one (H2). Thus, ceramic to metal assemblies are needed, either to insert the electrolyte (perovskite-metal junction) or to realize power supply (alumina-metal junction).Considering the operating conditions (873°K, 725 PSI, steam), only a brazing process is possible to realize strong and hermetic junctions.The evaluation of corrosion process under steam pressure has enabled to select a metallic component and a brazing alloy for this application, and has shown that specific alloys are needed.The studies of ceramics metallization by PVD to assure the brazing alloy wetting throughout the brazing process have shown that a barrier diffusion was necessary to avoid the dissolution of coatings when the brazing alloy become liquid.After wetting experimentations of the chosen brazing alloy over the metalized ceramics and the metallic substrate, ceramic to metal assemblies have been optimized in applying the experimental design methodology on standard samples (ASTM).The whole results have enabled to develop hermetic ceramic to metal assemblies having good mechanical properties (Rm = 8700 PSI at 300°K)
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Quinton, Cassandre. "Dérivés de s-tétrazine et de triphénylamine : du design aux applications." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957915.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire de thèse portent sur la synthèse et l'étude des propriétés spectroscopiques et électrochimiques de systèmes donneur-accepteur conçus pour des applications variées telles que l'électrofluorochromisme, l'absorption à deux photons et le photovoltaïque. La s-tétrazine a été choisie comme accepteur pour sa forte affinité électronique, ses propriétés émissives remarquables et sa capacité à s'organiser via des interactions intermoléculaires de type --stacking. La triphénylamine a été sélectionnée comme donneur pour son faible potentiel d'ionisation, ses propriétés spectroscopiques (fortes absorption et émission) et la modulation facile de ses propriétés par changement de substituants. Sept dérivés de triphénylamine ont été synthétisés ainsi que dix-huit nouveaux composés multichromophoriques à base de tétrazine et de triphénylamine présentant cinq liens différents et des substituants variés. Ils ont été caractérisés par électrochimie et spectroscopie (stationnaire et résolue en temps). L'étude de la modulation de leurs propriétés photophysiques par le changement de l'état rédox a ensuite été réalisée. Dix composés présentant un lien permettant la conjugaison entre la triphénylamine et la tétrazine ont été synthétisés et caractérisés par électrochimie et spectroscopie. Compte-tenu de leurs propriétés, six d'entre eux ont été testés en absorption à deux photons et deux ont étés retenus pour être utilisés comme donneurs dans une cellule photovoltaïque organique. Par ailleurs, deux réactions ont été étudiées en détail pour expliquer la formation des produits obtenus, inattendus à un premier abord.
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Da, Silva Joao Lucas. "Design and control of a multicell interleaved converter for a hybrid photovoltaic-wind generation system." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19318/7/DASILVA_JoaoLucas.pdf.
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The solution for the generating energy derived from non-polluting sources configures a worldwide problem, which is undetermined, complex, and gradual; and certainly, passes through the diversification of the energetic matrix. Diversification means not only having different sources converted into useful energy, like the electricity, but also decentralizing the energy generation in order to fit with higher adequacy the demand, which is decentralized too. Distributed Generation proposes this sort of development but in order to increase its penetration several technical barriers must be overpassed. One of them is related to the conversion systems, which must be more flexible, modular, efficient and compatible with the different energy sources, since they are very specific for a certain area. The present study drives its efforts towards this direction, i.e. having a system with several inputs for combining different renewable energy sources into a single and efficient power converter for the grid connection. It focuses on the design and control of an 11.7 kW hybrid renewable generation system, which contains two parallel circuits of photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine. A multicell converter divided in two stages accomplishes the convertion: Generation Side Converter (GSC) and Mains Side Converter (MSC). Two boost converters responsible for the photovoltaic generation and a rectifier and a third boost, for the wind constitue the GSC. It allows the conversion to the fixed output DC voltage, controlling individually and performing the maximum power point tracking in each input. On the other side, the single-phase 4- cell MSC accomplishes the connection to the grid through an LCL filter. This filter uses an Intercell Transformer (ICT) in the first inductor for reducing the individual ripple generated by the swicthing. The MSC controls the DC-link voltage and, by doing that, it allows the power flow from the generation elements to the network.
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Hadj, Ahmed Asmaa. "Design of new electrochemical cells for studying enzymes by protein film electrochemistry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0100.
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L’électrochimie directe des protéines (PFE) est une technique dans laquelle une enzyme est adsorbée à une électrode et son activité catalytique est mesurée sous forme d’un courant électrique, ce qui permet l’étude de la cinétique d’enzyme en fonction de différents paramètres expérimentaux. Cette technique nécessite un transport rapide du substrat vers l’électrode. Dans une étude précédente, notre équipe a proposé une nouvelle cellule électrochimique offrant un transport supérieur à l’électrode tournante, couramment utilisée dans les méthodes PFE. Dans cette thèse, nous avons exploré, à l’aide de CFD, l’effet des différents paramètres et proposé des formules semi-empiriques pour prédire les propriétés de transport dans la cellule. Puis, nous avons validé expérimentalement nos prédictions. En outre, nous avons construit un nouveau type de cellule avec des mélangeurs intégrés qui devraient permettre des changements rapides de concentrations<br>Protein Film Electrochemistry (PFE) is a technique in which an enzyme is adsorbed at an electrode and its catalytic turnover rate is measured as an electrical current which allows the investigation of enzyme’s kinetics as a function of different experimental parameters. However, this technique requires fast transport of the substrate towards the electrode. In a previous study, our team proposed a new design based on the wall-tube electrode that provides better transport than the rotating disc electrode, which is commonly used in PFE methods. In this thesis, we explored, using CFD, the effect of the various parameters of the design and proposed semi-empirical formulas to predict the mass transport coefficient and shear stress at the electrode. We used a 3D-printed cell to validate experimentally our predictions. Moreover, we designed and built a new type of wall-tube electrodes with integrated mixers that should allow faster changes of substrate and inhibitor’s concentrations
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Moussy, Alice. "Caractérisation des premières étapes de différenciation des cellules hématopoïétiques à l'échelle de la cellule unique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP029/document.
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Bien que largement étudiés, les mécanismes fondamentaux de prise de décision dans les processus de différenciation cellulaire restent mal compris. Les théories déterministes, souvent basées sur des études populationnelles, atteignent rapidement leur limite lorsqu’il s’agit d’expliquer les différences de choix individuels de cellules, pourtant exposées au même environnement. L’objectif de ma thèse est donc d’étudier les premières étapes de la différenciation des cellules hématopoïétiques à l’échelle de la cellule unique, par des analyses transcriptomiques, protéomiques et morphologiques. Ce travail a été effectué sur deux modèles de différenciation : les lymphocytes T régulateurs et les cellules CD34+ humaines issues de sang de cordon. Nous avons observé le comportement de ces cellules uniques après stimulation. Grâce à la combinaison de la microscopie en time lapse et des analyses moléculaires réalisées à l’échelle de la cellule individuelle, nous avons pu démontrer que le choix du devenir cellulaire n’était pas unique, programmé. La cellule passe d’abord par un état dit « multi-primed », métastable où elle exprime des gènes de plusieurs lignées différentes, puis elle passe par une phase dite « incertaine », instable où elle hésite entre deux phénotypes avant de se stabiliser dans un état fixe. Nos observations sont cohérentes avec une explication stochastique de la prise de décision. La différenciation serait donc un processus spontané, dynamique, fluctuant et non un processus prédéterminé. Les décisions du destin cellulaire sont prises séparément par les cellules individuelles<br>Despite intensively studies, the fundamental mechanisms of cell fate decision during cellular differentiation still remain unclear. The deterministic mechanisms, often based on studies of large cell populations, cannot explain the difference between individual cell fates choices placed in the same environment. The aim of my thesis work is to study the first steps of hematopoietic cell differentiation at the single cell level thanks to transcriptomic, proteomic and morphological analyses. Two differentiation models have been used: T regulatory lymphocytes and human cord blood-derived CD34+ cells. The behavior of individual cells following stimulation has been analyzed. Using time-lapse microscopy coupled to single cell molecular analyses, we could demonstrate that the cell fate choice is not a unique, programmed event. First, the cell reaches a metastable “multi-primed” state, which is characterized by a mixed lineage gene expression pattern. After transition through an “uncertain”, unstable state, characterized by fluctuations between two phenotypes, the cell reaches a stable state. Our observations are coherent with a stochastic model of cell fate decision. The differentiation is likely to be a spontaneous, dynamic, fluctuating and not a deterministic process. The cell fate decisions are taken by individual cells
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Barnard, Damian Kelly. "Design and construction of modular genetic devices and the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7688.
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The enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulosic plant biomass is performed by specialist microbial species. It is a ubiquitous process within nature and central to the global recycling of carbon and energy. Lignocellulose is a complex heteropolymer, highly recalcitrant and resistant to hydrolysis due to the major polysaccharide cellulose existing as a crystalline lattice, intimately associated with a disordered sheath of hemicellulosic polysaccharides and lignin. In this thesis I aim to transfer the highly efficient cellulolytic mechanism of the bacterium Cellulomonas fimi, to that of a suitably amenable and genetically tractable expression host, in the hopes of better understanding the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Using tools and concepts from molecular biology and synthetic biology, I constructed a library of standardised genetic parts derived from C. fimi, each encoding a known enzymatic activity involved in the hydrolysis of cellulose, mannan or xylan; three of the major polysaccharides present in lignocellulose. Characterization assays were performed on individual parts to confirm enzymatic activity and compare efficiencies against a range of substrates. Results then informed the rational design and construction of parts into modular devices. The resultant genetic devices were introduced into the expression hosts Escherichia coli and Citrobacter freundii, and transformed strains were assayed for the ability to utilize various forms of xylan, mannan and cellulose as a sole carbon source. Results identified devices which when expressed by either host showed growth on the respective carbon sources. Notably, devices with improved activity against amorphous cellulose, crystalline cellulose, mannan and xylan were determined. Recombinant cellulase expressing strains of E. coli and C. freundii were shown capable of both deconstruction and utilization of pure cellulose paper as a sole carbon source. Moreover, this capacity was shown to be entirely unhindered when C. freundii strains were cultured in saline media. These findings show promise in developing C. freundii for bioprocessing of biomass in sea water, so as to reduce the use of fresh water resources and improve sustainability as well as process economics. Work presented in this thesis contributes towards understanding the complementarities and synergies of the enzymes responsible for lignocellulose hydrolysis. Moreover, the research emphasizes the merits of standardizing genetic parts used within metabolic engineering projects and how adopting such design principles can expedite the research process.
Livres sur le sujet "Design cellule"
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Curt, Gervelis, ed. Cellular system design and optimization. McGraw-Hill, 1996.
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Clint, Smith. Cellular system design and optimization. McGraw-Hill, 1996.
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Martin, Hänggi, and Moschytz George S, eds. Cellular neural networks: Analysis, design, and optimization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
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Singh, Nanua. Cellular Manufacturing Systems: Design, planning and control. Springer US, 1996.
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Hänggi, Martin. Cellular Neural Networks: Analysis, Design and Optimization. Springer US, 2000.
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Dogaru, Radu. Systematic Design for Emergence in Cellular Nonlinear Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76801-2.
Texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Design cellule"
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Macario, R. C. V. "Cellular Radio Design Principles." In Cellular Radio. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14433-4_3.
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Heins, Kersten. "Device Design." In Trusted Cellular IoT Devices. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19663-8_5.
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Hänggi, Martin, and George S. Moschytz. "Robust Template Design." In Cellular Neural Networks. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3220-7_3.
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Klostermaier, Klaus Konrad. "The Identity of Designer and Design." In Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4156-0_13.
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Macario, R. C. V. "Digital Cellular Designs." In Cellular Radio. Macmillan Education UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14433-4_9.
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McMullan, Niall. "Vaccine Design and Vaccination." In Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119967309.ch13.
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Heins, Kersten. "Ingredients for Secure Design." In Trusted Cellular IoT Devices. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19663-8_4.
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Fan, Liang-tseng, Mahendra Moreshwar Gharpuray, and Yong-Hyun Lee. "Design and Economic Evaluation of Cellulose Hydrolysis Processes." In Cellulose Hydrolysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72575-3_5.
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Gupta, Pallav. "Circuit Design with Quantum Cellular Automata." In Nanoelectronic Circuit Design. Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7609-3_13.
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Sevenhans, Jan, Jacques Wenin, Damien Macq, and Jacques Dulongpont. "Silicon Integration for Digital Cellular Communication." In Analog Circuit Design. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1443-1_5.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Design cellule"
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Knapp, Chris, and Jonathan Nelson. "Cellular Tessallation." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.209.2.
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Koerner, Julia, Marie Boltenstern, and Kais Al-Rawi. "Cellular Complexity "Evolve"." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.193.
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Missoum, Azzedine, Ashwani K. Gupta, and Jianrong Chen. "Global Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Materials." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/cie-4433.
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Abstract Results on the thermal destruction behavior during the decomposition of cellulose under controlled conditions are presented. Thermogravimetric (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) tests have been carried out on the celluose samples under conditions of various heating rate and surrounding gas environment. Pyrolysis times were also measured for different size particles having different moisture contents in a controlled mixing history reactor (CMHR). The global decomposition kinetics were investigated and it was found that the decomposition process is shifts to higher temperatures at higher heating rates as a result of the competing effects of heat and mass transfer, product diffusion and the reactions kinetics. The Arrhenius parameters for pyrolysis were determined using a first order decomposition reaction of the type, dm = −km dt. It was found that the activation energy, heat of pyrolysis and char yield are a strong function of the heating rate. An increase in heating rate from 5 to 60°C/min resulted in a change of activation energy from 204.19 to 138.31 kJ/mole °C. This heating rate dependence of the kinetics is discussed. The overall decomposition process of the examined materials is generally endothermic. In general, heat transfer, mass diffusion, product evolution, heating rate, temperature and environment are the parameters that control the decomposition process. It was also shown that heat transfer and mass transport have the most effects on the decomposition process.
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Murphy, I. "Synthesiser design." In IEE Colloquium on Design of Digital Cellular Handsets. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980233.
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Smithers, C. "Power amplifier design." In IEE Colloquium on Design of Digital Cellular Handsets. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980235.
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McMillan, K. "Design for manufacture." In IEE Colloquium on Design of Digital Cellular Handsets. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19980238.
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He, David, and Angela Adamyan. "Multidisciplinary Machine Cell Formation for Design of Cellular Manufacturing Systems." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dfm-8928.
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Abstract Machine cell formation in design of cellular manufacturing systems has traditionally ignored the issues of reliability. As such, the machine cell formation methods have been developed without the explicit considerations of system reliability and maintainability and the systems designed by these methods may have poor reliability and maintainability and hence result in low availability and productivity. In this paper, we discussed how the reliability issues should be incorporated into solving machine cell formation problems. A new formulation for machine cell formation with reliability considerations in cellular manufacturing systems was developed. The formulation is based on multi-attribute utility theory and represents the tradeoff the designers are willing to make between reliability and other design attributes in design of cellular manufacturing systems. An example was used to illustrate the application of the formulation for machine cell formation with reliability considerations. An algorithm for determining the optimal machine cell size in design of cellular manufacturing systems is also proposed.
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Yao, Yuan. "Cellular Morphology in Los Angeles." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.239.
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Velikov, Kathy, Geoffrey Thun, and Mary O'Malley. "PneuSystems: cellular pneumatic envelope assemblies." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.435.
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Velikov, Kathy, Geoffrey Thun, and Mary O'Malley. "PneuSystems: cellular pneumatic envelope assemblies." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.435.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Design cellule"
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Harmon, Jennifer. Homegrown: Investigating Design Potential of Bacterial Cellulose. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-216.
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Huang, J. S., and L. J. Gibson. Microstructural design of cellular materials I: Honeycomb beams and plates. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10173387.
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Ruzzene, Massimo. Application of Chiral Cellular Structures for the Design of Innovative Structural Assemblies. Defense Technical Information Center, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada482145.
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Chen, Yongzhou, Ammar Tahir, and Radhika Mittal. Controlling Congestion via In-Network Content Adaptation. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-018.
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Realizing that it is inherently difficult to match precisely the sending rates at the endhost with the available capacity on dynamic cellular links, we built a system, Octopus, that sends real-time data streams over cellular networks using an imprecise controller (that errs on the side of overestimating network capacity) and then drops appropriate packets in the cellular-network buffers to match the actual capacity. We designed parameterized primitives for implementing the packet-dropping logic, which the applications at the endhost can configure differently to express various content-adaptation policies. Octopus transport encodes the app-specified parameters in packet header fields, which the routers can parse to execute the desired dropping behavior. Our evaluation shows how real-time applications involving standard and volumetric videos can be designed to exploit Octopus for various requirements and achieve a performance that is 1.5 to 18 times better than state-of-the-art schemes.
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Ghanim, Murad, Joe Cicero, Judith K. Brown, and Henryk Czosnek. Dissection of Whitefly-geminivirus Interactions at the Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Cellular Levels. United States Department of Agriculture, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592654.bard.
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Our project focuses on gene expression and proteomics of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex in relation to the internal anatomy and localization of expressed genes and virions in the whitefly vector, which poses a major constraint to vegetable and fiber production in Israel and the USA. While many biological parameters are known for begomovirus transmission, nothing is known about vector proteins involved in the specific interactions between begomoviruses and their whitefly vectors. Identifying such proteins is expected to lead to the design of novel control methods that interfere with whitefly-mediated begomovirus transmission. The project objectives were to: 1) Perform gene expression analyses using microarrays to study the response of whiteflies (B, Q and A biotypes) to the acquisition of begomoviruses (Tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCV) and Squash leaf curl (SLCV). 2) Construct a whitefly proteome from whole whiteflies and dissected organs after begomovirus acquisition. 3) Validate gene expression by q-RTPCR and sub-cellular localization of candidate ESTs identified in microarray and proteomic analyses. 4) Verify functionality of candidate ESTs using an RNAi approach, and to link these datasets to overall functional whitefly anatomical studies. During the first and second years biological experiments with TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and transmission were completed to verify the suitable parameters for sample collection for microarray experiments. The parameters were generally found to be similar to previously published results by our groups and others. Samples from whole whiteflies and midguts of the B, A and Q biotypes that acquired TYLCV and SLCV were collected in both the US and Israel and hybridized to B. tabaci microarray. The data we analyzed, candidate genes that respond to both viruses in the three tested biotypes were identified and their expression that included quantitative real-time PCR and co-localization was verified for HSP70 by the Israeli group. In addition, experiments were undertaken to employ in situ hybridization to localize several candidate genes (in progress) using an oligonucleotide probe to the primary endosymbiont as a positive control. A proteome and corresponding transcriptome to enable more effective protein identification of adult whiteflies was constructed by the US group. Further validation of the transmission route of begomoviruses, mainly SLCV and the involvement of the digestive and salivary systems was investigated (Cicero and Brown). Due to time and budget constraints the RNAi-mediated silencing objective to verify gene function was not accomplished as anticipated. HSP70, a strong candidate protein that showed over-expression after TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci, and co-localization with TYLCV in the midgut, was further studies. Besides this protein, our joint research resulted in the identification of many intriguing candidate genes and proteins that will be followed up by additional experiments during our future research. To identify these proteins it was necessary to increase the number and breadth of whitefly ESTs substantially and so whitefly cDNAs from various libraries made during the project were sequenced (Sanger, 454). As a result, the proteome annotation (ID) was far more successful than in the initial attempt to identify proteins using Uniprot or translated insect ESTs from public databases. The extent of homology shared by insects in different orders was surprisingly low, underscoring the imperative need for genome and transcriptome sequencing of homopteran insects. Having increased the number of EST from the original usable 5500 generated several years ago to >600,000 (this project+NCBI data mining), we have identified about one fifth of the whitefly proteome using these new resources. Also we have created a database that links all identified whitefly proteins to the PAVEdb-ESTs in the database, resulting in a useful dataset to which additional ESTS will be added. We are optimistic about the prospect of linking the proteome ID results to the transcriptome database to enable our own and other labs the opportunity to functionally annotate not only genes and proteins involved in our area of interest (whitefly mediated transmission) but for the plethora of other functionalities that will emerge from mining and functionally annotating other key genes and gene families in whitefly metabolism, development, among others. This joint grant has resulted in the identification of numerous candidate proteins involved in begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci. A next major step will be to capitalize on validated genes/proteins to develop approaches to interfere with the virus transmission.
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Robles, Marcelo. Safety and efficacy study of cross-linked hyaluronic acid filler in nasolabial folds. Editorial Lugones, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47196/0573.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: facial aging causes cellular and anatomical changes, resulting in loss of soft tissue volume. Due to aesthetic demand, hyaluronic acid is a very good option for filling facial folds and wrinkles. Objectives: verify the effectiveness and safety of the application of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (CLHA) for filling nasolabial folds and its permanence over time. Design: observational and descriptive clinical, longitudinal and prospective, 12 months long. Materials and methods: a total of 100 patients (86 women and 14 men) with moderate to severe nasolabial folds were studied between July 2018 and December 2019. CLHA 30 mg/ml was used for facial filler (Estrianon Hyaluronic Facial Implant 30®, Allanmar International Company S.R.L., Argentina). Results: the adverse effects subsided within 7 days in 97% of the patients and in the rest of the patients within 14 days. The initial application was up to 1 ml per groove in the most severe cases. Regarding its effectiveness as a filler, its average duration was found to be up to 8 months with the corresponding reapplications. Conclusions: Estrianon Hyaluronic Facial Implant 30® is a safe product, its duration depends largely on the age of the patient, their habits and the condition of their skin, exceeding 8 months and up to a year.
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MacDonald, James D., Aharon Abeliovich, Manuel C. Lagunas-Solar, David Faiman, and John Kabshima. Treatment of Irrigation Effluent Water to Reduce Nitrogenous Contaminants and Plant Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568092.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The contamination of surface and subterranean drinking water supplies with nitrogen-laden agricultural wastewater is a problem of increasing concern in the U.S. and Israel. Through this research, we found that bacteria could utilize common organic wastes (e.g. paper, straw, cotton) as carbon sources under anaerobic conditions, and reduce nitrate concentrations in wastewater to safe levels. Two species of bacteria, Cellulomonas uda and a Comamonas sp., were required for dentitrification. Celulomonas uda degraded cellulose and reduced nitrate to nitrite. In addition, it excreted soluble organic carbon needed as a food source by the Comamonas sp. for completion of denitrification. We also found that recirculated irrigation water contains substantial amounts of fungal inoculum, and that irrigating healthy plants with such water leads to significant levels of root infection. Water can be disinfected with UV, but our experiments showed that Hg-vapor lamps do not possess sufficient energy to kill spores in wastewater containing dissolved organics. Excimer lasers and Xenon flashlamps do possess the needed power levels, but only the laser had a high enough repetition rate to reliably treat large volumes of water. Ozone was highly efficacious, but it's use as a water treatment is probably best suited to moderate or low volume irrigation systems. This research provides critical data needed for the design of effective water denitrification and/or pathogen disinfection systems for different growing operations.
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Teng, Henry, and Khalid Mosalam. Long-Term Monitoring of Bridge Settlements using Vision-Based Embedded System. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/apri8198.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The State of California is highly seismic, capable of generating large-magnitude earthquakes that could cripple the infrastructure of several large cities. Yet the annual maintenance of the State’s bridges, such as highway overpasses, is not robust due to budget and staff constraints. Over 1000 bridges were not inspected according to the California Department of Transportation’s (Caltrans) 2015 Maintenance Plan. To help engineers monitor infrastructure conditions, presented within is a device recently developed that employs modern sensing, computing, and communication technologies to autonomously measure and remotely report vertical settlements of bridges, such as highway overpasses. Given the limitations of existing measurement devices, we propose a novel vision-based method that employs a camera to take a picture of a projected laser beam. This new device is referred to as the Projected Laser Target Method (PLTM). This report documents the embedded system design and development of two prototypes. The first prototype implements communication over a local WIFI network using synchronous code to measure distance over time; this PLTM is deployed in a laboratory setting. The second device under study implements communication over a Bluetooth Low Energy system using asynchronous code and communication over 2G cellular networks using synchronous code, with the aim of determining its accuracy in the field. This report evaluates the performance of the field-suitable system in terms of its system reliability, measurement accuracy and precision, power consumption, and its overall system performance.
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Carpita, Nicholas C., Ruth Ben-Arie, and Amnon Lers. Pectin Cross-Linking Dynamics and Wall Softening during Fruit Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585197.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Our study was designed to elucidate the chemical determinants of pectin cross-linking in developing fruits of apple and peach and to evaluate the role of breakage cross-linkages in swelling, softening, and cell separation during the ripening. Peaches cell walls soften and swell considerably during the ripening, whereas apples fruit cells maintain wall firmness but cells separate during late stages of ripening. We used a "double-reduction" technique to show that levels of non-methyl esters of polyuronic acid molecules were constant during the development and ripening and decreased only in overripe fruit. In peach, methyl and non-methyl esters increased during the development and decreased markedly during the ripening. Non-methyl ester linkages in both fruit decreased accompanied fruit softening. The identity of the second component of the linkage and its definitive role in the fruit softening remain elusive. In preliminary examination of isolated apples cell walls, we found that phenolic compounds accumulate early in wall development but decrease markedly during ripening. Quantitative texture analysis was used to correlate with changes to wall chemistry from the fresh-picked ripe stage to the stage during storage when the cell separation occurs. Cell wall composition is similar in all cultivars, with arabinose as the principal neutral sugar. Extensive de-branching of these highly branched arabinans pre-stages softening and cell-cell separation during over-ripening of apple. The longer 5-arabinans remain attached to the major pectic polymer rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) backbone. The degree of RG I branching, as judged from the ratios of 2-Rha:2,4-Rha, also decreases, specially after an extensive arabinan de-branching. Loss of the 4-Rham linkages correlated strongly with the softening of the fruit. Loss of the monomer or polymer linked to the RG I produce directly or indirectly the softening of the fruit. This result will help to understand the fruit softening and to have better control of the textural changes in fruit during the ripening and especially during the storage. 'Wooliness', an undesirable mealy texture that is induced during chilling of some peach cultivars, greatly reduces the fruit storage possibilities. In order to examine the hypothesis that the basis for this disorder is related to abnormality in the cell wall softening process we have carried out a comparative analysis using the resistant cultivar, Sunsnow, and a sensitive one, Hermosa. We investigated the activity of several pectin- and glycan-modifying enzymes and the expression of their genes during ripening, chilling, and subsequent shelf-life. The changes in carbohydrate status and in methyl vs. non-methyl uronate ester levels in the walls of these cultivars were examined as well to provide a basis for comparison of the relevant gene expression that may impact appearance of the wooly character. The activities of the specific polygalacturonase (PGase) and a CMC-cellulase activities are significantly elevated in walls of peaches that have become wooly. Cellulase activities correlated well with increased level of the transcript, but differential expression of PGase did not correspond with the observed pattern of mRNA accumulation. When expression of ethylene biosynthesis related genes was followed no significant differences in ACC synthase gene expression was observed in the wooly fruit while the normal activation of the ACC oxidase was partially repressed in the Hermosa wooly fruits. Normal ripening-related loss of the uronic acid-rich polymers was stalled in the wooly Hermosa inconsistent with the observed elevation in a specific PGase activity but consistent with PG gene expression. In general, analysis of the level of total esterification, degree of methyl esterification and level of non-methyl esters did not reveal any major alterations between the different fruit varieties or between normal and abnormal ripening. Some decrease in the level of uronic acids methyl esterification was observed for both Hermosa and Sunsnow undergoing ripening following storage at low temperature but not in fruits ripening after harvest. Our results support a role for imbalanced cell wall degradation as a basis for the chilling disorder. While these results do not support a role for the imbalance between PG and pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities as the basis for the disorder they suggest a possible role for imbalance between cellulose and other cell wall polymer degradation during the softening process.
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Rafaeli, Ada, Russell Jurenka, and Chris Sander. Molecular characterisation of PBAN-receptors: a basis for the development and screening of antagonists against Pheromone biosynthesis in moth pest species. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695862.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The original objectives of the approved proposal included: (a) The determination of species- and tissue-specificity of the PBAN-R; (b) the elucidation of the role of juvenile hormone in gene regulation of the PBAN-R; (c) the identificationof the ligand binding domains in the PBAN-R and (d) the development of efficient screening assays in order to screen potential antagonists that will block the PBAN-R. Background to the topic: Moths constitute one of the major groups of pest insects in agriculture and their reproductive behavior is dependent on chemical communication. Sex-pheromone blends are utilised by a variety of moth species to attract conspecific mates. In most of the moth species sex-pheromone biosynthesis is under circadian control by the neurohormone, PBAN (pheromone-biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide). In order to devise ideal strategies for mating disruption/prevention, we proposed to study the interactions between PBAN and its membrane-bound receptor in order to devise potential antagonists. Major conclusions: Within the framework of the planned objectives we have confirmed the similarities between the two Helicoverpa species: armigera and zea. Receptor sequences of the two Helicoverpa spp. are 98% identical with most changes taking place in the C-terminal. Our findings indicate that PBAN or PBAN-like receptors are also present in the neural tissues and may represent a neurotransmitter-like function for PBAN-like peptides. Surprisingly the gene encoding the PBAN-receptor was also present in the male homologous tissue, but it is absent at the protein level. The presence of the receptor (at the gene- and protein-levels), and the subsequent pheromonotropic activity are age-dependent and up-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in pharate females but down-regulated by Juvenile Hormone in adult females. Lower levels of pheromonotropic activity were observed when challenged with pyrokinin-like peptides than with HezPBAN as ligand. A model of the 3D structure of the receptor was created using the X-ray structure of rhodopsin as a template after sequence alignment of the HezPBAN-R with several other GPCRs and computer simulated docking with the model predicted putative binding sites. Using in silico mutagenesis the predicted docking model was validated with experimental data obtained from expressed chimera receptors in Sf9 cells created by exchanging between the three extracellular loops of the HezPBAN-R and the Drosophila Pyrokinin-R (CG9918). The chimera receptors also indicated that the 3ʳᵈ extracellular loop is important for recognition of PBAN or Diapause hormone ligands. Implications: The project has successfully completed all the objectives and we are now in a position to be able to design and screen potential antagonists for pheromone production. The successful docking simulation-experiments encourage the use of in silico experiments for initial (high-throughput) screening of potential antagonists. However, the differential responses between the expressed receptor (Sf9 cells) and the endogenous receptor (pheromone glands) emphasize the importance of assaying lead compounds using several alternative bioassays (at the cellular, tissue and organism levels). The surprising discovery of the presence of the gene encoding the PBAN-R in the male homologous tissue, but its absence at the protein level, launches opportunities for studying molecular regulation pathways and the evolution of these GPCRs. Overall this research will advance research towards the goal of finding antagonists for this important class of receptors that might encompass a variety of essential insect functions.