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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Digestibility; Nutrients »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 5 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Digestibility; Nutrients"

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Иванова, Elena Ivanova, Лаврентьев et Anatoliy Lavrentev. « THE DEPENDENCE OF EGG PRODUCTION OF LAYING HENS ON THE COMPOSITION OF ENZYME PREPARATIONS ». Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no 4 (25 décembre 2014) : 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7745.

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Biologically active substances in feeding poultry contribute to replenish nutrients and improve nutrient digestibility of forages. As these are enzyme preparations, which help to increase digestibility of feed nutrients, thereby increasing the egg production of laying hens and egg weight.
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Woyengo, T. A., et C. M. Nyachoti. « Review : Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research ». Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, no 1 (mars 2013) : 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-017.

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Woyengo, T. A. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2013. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 9–21. Plant feedstuffs contain phytic acid (PA), which is a storage form of phosphorus. Phytic acid is, however, poorly hydrolyzed by pigs and poultry, and it has a capacity to complex dietary nutrients, thereby reducing nutrient digestibility. Reduced nutrient digestibility by PA implies reduced efficiency of utilization of the nutrients and increased discharge of the unabsorbed nutrients to the environment. Phytic acid has also recently been shown to increase the endogenous nutrient losses (ENL) in pigs and poultry. Because the increased ENL in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with increased maintenance requirement for the lost nutrients and of energy spent on their secretion, an increase in ENL due to PA implies that there are other adverse effects of PA on nutrient utilization in addition to reducing nutrient digestibility. In this review, the effects of PA on performance of pigs and poultry, and on the digestibility and ENL in these animals are discussed in detail. Also, the mechanisms by which PA reduces nutrient digestibility and increases gastrointestinal ENL in pigs and poultry are discussed, and areas that need further research to gain more insight into these mechanisms are suggested.
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SRIGIRIPURA, CHANDAN VINAY, NAMRATHA PAI KOTEBAGILU et ASNA UROOJ. « In Vitro Starch and Protein Digestibility of Disease Specific Nutrition Formulations ». Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, no 1 (29 janvier 2019) : 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.07.

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Nutritional supplements are used in the management of diseases. The composition and form of nutrients in the supplements depend on the altered needs and gastrointestinal function of patients. The nutrition label of the supplements lacks information on the in vitro digestibility of nutrients which ultimately decides the availability of nutrients for absorption. Various factors that influence digestibility and availability include source of the nutrient, gut functionality, processing, physicochemical properties in the food matrix and inter-nutrient interactions. This study aimed at analyzing the in vitro starch and protein digestibility of six commercially available food formulations used in various disease conditions. The starch digestibility index (SDI) ranged from 64.47 ± 1.92 to 82.35 ± 2.71 and rapidly available glucose (RAG) from 26.06 ± 0.61 to 44.23 ± 0.38g per 100g. Dietary fiber content was inversely related with SDI (r - 0.845). The protein digestibility ranged from 41.42 ± 2.67 - 96.84 ± 1.01%. Formulations containing isolated forms of whey, casein and soy protein had a higher digestibility than in combinations. Besides information on the nutrient content, specifying the digestion characteristics of disease specific commercial formulations will help in their judicious use in meeting the nutritional requirements in various disease conditions.
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VanSomeren, L. L., P. S. Barboza, D. P. Thompson et D. D. Gustine. « Monitoring digestibility of forages for herbivores : a new application for an old approach ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, no 3 (mars 2015) : 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0207.

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Ruminant populations are often limited by how well individuals are able to acquire nutrients for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Nutrient supply to the animal is dictated by the concentration of nutrients in feeds and the efficiency of digesting those nutrients (i.e., digestibility). Many different methods have been used to measure digestibility of forages for wild herbivores, all of which rely on collecting rumen fluid from animals or incubation within animals. Animal-based methods can provide useful estimates, but the approach is limited by the expense of fistulated animals, wide variation in digestibility among animals, and contamination from endogenous and microbial sources that impairs the estimation of nutrient digestibility. We tested an in vitro method using a two-stage procedure using purified enzymes. The first stage, a 6 h acid–pepsin treatment, was followed by a combined 72 h amylase–cellulase or amylase–Viscozyme treatment. We then validated our estimates using in sacco and in vivo methods to digest samples of the same forages. In vitro estimates of dry matter (DM) digestibility were correlated with estimates of in sacco and in vivo DM digestibility (both P < 0.01). The in vitro procedure using Viscozyme (r2 = 0.77) was more precise than the in vitro procedure using cellulase (r2 = 0.59). Both procedures can be used to predict in sacco digestibility after correcting for the biases of each method. We used the in vitro method to measure digestibility of nitrogen (N; 0.07–0.95 g/g), which declined to zero as total N content declined below 0.03–0.06 g/g of DM. The in vitro method is well suited to monitoring forage quality over multiple years because it is reproducible, can be used with minimal investment by other laboratories without animal facilities, and can measure digestibility of individual nutrients such as N.
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Al-Arif, M. Anam, Lucia Tri Suwanti, AT Soelih Estoepangestie et Mirni Lamid. « The Nutrients Contents, Dry Matter Digestibility, Organic Matter Digestibility, Total Digestible Nutrient, and NH3 Rumen Production of Three Kinds of Cattle Feeding Models ». KnE Life Sciences 3, no 6 (3 décembre 2017) : 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1142.

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In Indonesia, forage is difficult to obtain in the dry season, while the agricultural waste very abundant and potentially pollute the environment. Use of agricultural waste as feed animal is very advantage to obtain cattle nutrients need and alleviate pollution. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrient quality of fermented complete feed based on soybean straw (CFS), compared with forage (F) or forage and concentrate with 4:1 ratio (FC). Proximate analysis was conducted to three kind of feed, then nutrients digestibility were conducted by in-vitro analyzed. Each kind of feed consisted of 4 replicates. The results showed that CFS had higher ash and crude protein content and less crude fiber than FS and F. CFS had dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) significantly (p< 0.05) higher than F but not significantly different with FC. There are not significantly different of NH3 production among the three kinds of feed. The conclusion was CFS had highest nutrient content. CFS and FC had digestible nutrient that higher than F. The quality of CFS can still be improved by adding N digestible for rumen microbe growth.Key words: complete feed, soybean straw, nutrient digestibility
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Stein, H. H. « Procedures for determining digestibility of amino acids, lipids, starch, fibre, phosphorus, and calcium in feed ingredients fed to pigs ». Animal Production Science 57, no 11 (2017) : 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17343.

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The proportion of nutrients that is absorbed from the intestinal tract of the pig differs among dietary ingredients; therefore, it would be desirable to determine the proportion of nutrients that is absorbed for each ingredient, but, for practical reasons, values for the digestibility of nutrients in each ingredient are used as predictors of absorption. For amino acids, starch and lipids, ileal digestibility must be determined because nutrients not absorbed in the small intestine will be fermented or changed in the large intestine, which invalidates data for total tract digestibility of these nutrients. For starch, apparent ileal digestibility is a reasonable predictor of its disappearance from the small intestine, but because of endogenous secretions of amino acids and lipids into the small intestine, standardised ileal digestibility of amino acids and true ileal digestibility of fat must be determined. For fibre, total tract digestibility is used to estimate fermentation and subsequent absorption of short-chain fatty acids, but it must be corrected for endogenous secretions. Likewise, for phosphorus and calcium, values for apparent total tract digestibility must be corrected for basal endogenous losses; consequently, standardised total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium is calculated and used in diet formulation. These procedures for determining the digestibility of nutrients in feed ingredients make it possible to formulate diets in which concentrations of digestible nutrients can be predicted from values for individual feed ingredients.
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Redka, A., V. Bomko, M. Slomchynskiy, O. Cherniavskiy et S. Babenko. « Digestibility of feed nutrients, nutrient excretion and nutrient retention in broilers under consumption of combined feed with sulfate and zinc-mixed ligand complex ». Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, no 3 (7 octobre 2019) : 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_73.

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Digestibility of the feed nutrients and the chemical elements balance in broiler chickens were studied under use of mixed feed with sulfate and Zink-mixed ligand complex in the physiological experiment that was conducted in the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. A tendency to increase the level of feed nutrients digestibility in the experimental groups of broiler chickens consuming mixed fodders with Zinc-mixed ligand complex was revealed in the conducted experiment. The nutrients digestibility indices were the highest in the chickens of the experimental group 3 where Zink-mixed ligand complex was added to the mixed feed. 45, 37.5 and 30 g of the element was added per 1 ton of mixed feed, respectively, for the growing period of 5-21, 22-35 and 36-42 days. The protein digestibility in this group was 89.2, fat - 82.5, fiber - 12.9 and Nitrogen free extractive substances (NFES) - 83.8%. The lowest digestibility indices of the nutrients were in the control group chickens, which, depending on the age, consumed feeds added with Zinc sulfate at doses corresponding to the introduction of 60, 50, and 40 g of the element per 1 ton of feed - 60.8, 80.2, 11.27, and 82.2%, respectively. Indicators of Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Zinc deposits in the body were also higher in the chicks of the experimental group 3 consuming the feed with Zink-mixed ligand complex. Feeding the birds with Zinc-mixed ligand complex as a component of mixed feed, in comparison with sulfate, improves the nutrients digestibility and increases the amount of chemical elements deposited in the body, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of the additive.
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Asad, Farkhanda, Samina Qamer, Asma Ashraf, Azhar Rafique, Zunaira Shaheen, Ayesha Nisar et Sidra Javaid. « Apparent nutrient digestibility of carbohydrate (corn) in Cirrhinus mrigala under the influence of chromium chloride hexahydrate ». Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, no 3 (septembre 2020) : 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.214176.

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Abstract A feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient (%) of gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings for 90 days. Using various levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate six test diets designated as T1 (G/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2 (NG/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3 (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4 (NG/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T5 (G/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6 (NG/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared. Results showed highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients dry matter, crude lipid and gross energy in test diet T5 that was gelatinized and supplemented with chromium 0.4 mg/Kg while, for crude protein higher value of nutrient digestibility was recorded in T3 test diet (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg/Kg). It was concluded that chromium supplementation with gelatinized corn in fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) diet can improve the nutrients digestibility more efficiently.
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Hadi, Rendi Fathoni, Kustantinah Kustantinah et Hari Hartadi. « Penggunaan Teknik In Sacco Mobile Sebagai Estimasi Kecernaan Nutrien Hijauan Pakan Ternak di dalam Intestinum ». Sains Peternakan 14, no 2 (26 janvier 2017) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.14.2.12-21.

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<p>This study aims to explore the potential of forage optimally, the degradation rate of forage nutrients are usually given by the farmers at the time in the intestine of a variety of forage fodder. This study used four kinds of forage feed material: Gliricidia leaves (G), Manilkara leaves (S), Ficus leaves (B) and Cocoa leaves (C). This study was observed in intestinal digestibility. The data taken is nutrient digestibility of rumen and intestinal residues include DM, OM and CP. Samples were incubated in the intestine of cattle that canulation intestine with different time intervals, time/point of incubation: 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Samples were incubated in livestock that fistulation intestinal samples of rumen residue. The results showed that the digestibility of nutrients DM, OM and CP respectively forage percentage amount of intestinal digestibility value of feedstuffs in the rumen incubation time of 2-48 hours progressively decreased the percentage of nutrient digestibility. The conclusion of the study when it is time to stay forage in the rumen longer then the more nutrients are degraded by rumen microbes that escapes rumen degradation will be more and more and can be digested in the intestine will be less.</p><p><br /> Keywords: in sacco mobile, forage, intestine</p>
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Hadi, Rendi Fathoni, Kustantinah Kustantinah et Hari Hartadi. « Penggunaan Teknik In Sacco Mobile Sebagai Estimasi Kecernaan Nutrien Hijauan Pakan Ternak di dalam Intestinum ». Sains Peternakan 14, no 2 (26 janvier 2017) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v14i2.4328.

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<p>This study aims to explore the potential of forage optimally, the degradation rate of forage nutrients are usually given by the farmers at the time in the intestine of a variety of forage fodder. This study used four kinds of forage feed material: Gliricidia leaves (G), Manilkara leaves (S), Ficus leaves (B) and Cocoa leaves (C). This study was observed in intestinal digestibility. The data taken is nutrient digestibility of rumen and intestinal residues include DM, OM and CP. Samples were incubated in the intestine of cattle that canulation intestine with different time intervals, time/point of incubation: 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Samples were incubated in livestock that fistulation intestinal samples of rumen residue. The results showed that the digestibility of nutrients DM, OM and CP respectively forage percentage amount of intestinal digestibility value of feedstuffs in the rumen incubation time of 2-48 hours progressively decreased the percentage of nutrient digestibility. The conclusion of the study when it is time to stay forage in the rumen longer then the more nutrients are degraded by rumen microbes that escapes rumen degradation will be more and more and can be digested in the intestine will be less.</p><p><br /> Keywords: in sacco mobile, forage, intestine</p>
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Thèses sur le sujet "Digestibility; Nutrients"

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Choi, Heesun 1954. « EFFECTS OF AGING ON NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277103.

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Pantazis, Panagiotis Aristeidis. « Nutritional studies in the African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341208.

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Santos, Vivian Maia dos [UNESP]. « Níveis de prebiótico em substituição ao antibiótico em dietas para leitões recém - desmamados ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99605.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_vm_me_jabo.pdf: 497655 bytes, checksum: e6979d309d7d37c73705c1fc6a701945 (MD5)
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Foram conduzidos três experimentos, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes níveis de prebiótico na alimentação de leitões, sobre o desempenho, desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, parâmetros fisiológicos, digestibilidade e metabolismo de suínos. O prebiótico utilizado foi o mananoligossacarídeo MOS. No 1º experimento, foram avaliados o desempenho e a incidência de diarréia em 30 leitões fêmeas, dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 6,28 l 1,40 kg. A utilização de MOS nas rações de leitões recém - desmamados piorou o ganho de peso dos animais dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, porém não teve efeito sobre a incidência de diarréia. No 2º experimento foram avaliadas a morfometria do intestino delgado e mensurados os pesos do fígado e do pâncreas, assim como, o pH dos conteúdos do estômago, intestino delgado e ceco. Foram utilizados 15 leitões fêmeas dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 5,74 l 0,93 kg. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos foram: Controle positivo CP (Dieta basal + antibiótico); Controle negativo - CN (Dieta basal); CN + 0,25% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,50% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,75% de Prebiótico, e utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso para controlar diferenças inicias de peso. Não foram observadas diferenças em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. No 3º experimento foram determinadas as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia e o coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia e a energia metabolizável, das rações controle e com 0,5% de prebiótico. Utilizou-se 16 suínos machos castrados, com peso médio de 24,8 l 2,79 kg, e os blocos controlaram a repetição no tempo...
Three experiments were set to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of mannanoligossacharides (MOS, prebiotic) to the diet of piglets on their performance, development of intestinal mucosa, physiological parameters, digestibility and metabolism.. Corn and soybean meal were the major feed components. The first experiment evaluated the development and occurrence of diarrhea in 30 female piglets at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 6.28 l 1.40 kg. Prebiotic additions to the diets worsen the growth performance of animals in Phase 3, but did not influence on the diarrhea incidence. The second experiment evaluated the morphometry of the small bowel, liver and pancreas weight, and the pH of stomach, small bowel and cecum contents. Fifteen female piglets were used at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 5.74 l 0.93 kg. Both experiments were arranged in randomized blocks design to control initial weight difference, with the following treatments: positive control PC (base diet + antibiotic); negative control - NC (base diet); NC + 0.25% of prebiotic; NC + 0.50% of prebiotic; NC + 0.75% of prebiotic. No significant difference was observed in any of the studied parameters. In the third experiment, nutrient and energy digestibility were determined in feeds containing prebiotic (0.5%) or not (control). Sixteen castrated male pigs weighing 24.8 l 2.79 kg were used, and randomized blocks design was used so blocks controlled replications during time. Nutrient digestibility and feed energy were determined through the total feces collection method, using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficient of the mineral matter and the digestible mineral matter were higher (P<0.05) in the control feed than in the feed containing prebiotic...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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au, j. kim@murdoch edu, et Jae Cheol Kim. « Factors Influencing the Total Tract Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients from Wheat for the Weanling Pig ». Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040520.155947.

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The objectives of the studies conducted in the Part A of this thesis were to quantify the variation of digestible energy (DE) content of wheat and to document the responsible factors for the variation. The general hypothesis tested in Part A of this thesis was that the variety, growing region, growing season, supplementation of xylanase and postharvest grain storage (i.e., six months of storage at ambient temperature) will influence the DE content of wheat when fed to weaner pigs. Experiment 1 (Chapter 3) examined the variation in the chemical composition of wheats as influenced by variety (Arrino, Westonia and Stiletto were selected), growing region (each wheat was selected from a high, medium and low rainfall region), season (1999 and 2000) and post harvest storage for 6 months. In this experiment, up to a 19% variation in the crude protein (CP) content (mean13.3, SD 2.59), up to a 5% variation in the starch content (mean 65.4, SD 3.56), and a 10-20% variation in the total (mean 9,2, SD 0.86), insoluble (mean 8.1, SD 0.84) and soluble (mean 1.1, SD 0.23) non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) contents were observed. The major experimental findings were: • Variety of wheat influenced the variation of most carbohydrate components, including fast digestible starch (FDS) (P<0.001), acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P<0.01), total and insoluble NSP (P<0.05), and in vitro extract viscosity (P<0.05); • The annual precipitation level in each region correlated to bushel weight (P<0.01), protein (P<0.01) and carbohydrate composition, including starch (P<0.05), soluble NSP (P<0.001), lignin (P<0.001) and free sugars (P<0.001), indicating the importance of the growing environment on the DE content of wheat; • Growing season influenced bushel weight (P<0.001), CP (P<0.01), amylose and amylopectin (components of starch, P<0.05), ADF (P<0.001), lignin (P<0.001), soluble NSP (P<0.001) and free sugars contents (P<0.001), and the in vitro extract viscosity of wheat (P<0.05); • Storage of wheat decreased ADF (P<0.05), lignin (P<0.01) and soluble NSP contents (P<0.01) and increased the free sugar content (P<0.001). In Experiment 2 (Chapter 4), the effect of variety, growing region and growing season on the DE content of wheat in 5-week-old male weaner pigs was examined, and Summary III correlations between various chemical composition of wheat and DE content were established. The major findings were: • The DE content of wheats varied by up to 1.3 MJ/kg (12.5 13.8; mean = 13.3) in 1999 and by up to 1.8 MJ/kg (12.6 14.4; mean = 13.7) in 2000; • Both the variety and growing region significantly influenced (P<0.05 - P<0.001) the DE content of wheat; • Generally, the wheat variety Westonia and wheats grown in the low rainfall region contained a higher DE content than other wheats and growing regions; • In addition, growing season influenced (P<0.001) DE content of wheat; • The mean DE content determined with weaner pigs in the current study was approximately 1 MJ/kg DM lower when compared to published estimates of the DE content of wheat determined with growing pigs; • Prediction of in vivo DE content of wheat for weaner pigs using NIRS (Near Infra- Red Spectroscopy) was not successful. • Significant inverse relationships between the DE content and xylose (P<0.05), NDF (P<0.01), total-P (P<0.01) and phytate-P content (P<0.05) of wheat were seen in 1999. However, such relationships were not significant in 2000, indicating a very strong seasonal influence on both chemical composition and DE content of wheat. Experiment 3 (Chapter 5) examined the effects of a supplemental enzyme (xylanase) and storage for 6 months on the DE content of wheats. In 1999, use of the enzyme tended to increase the DE content from 13.3 to 13.6 MJ/kg (P=0.065) whereas in 2000, use of the enzyme caused n change in DE content (13.7 to 13.6 MJ/kg). However, the response to enzyme addition was much greater in some wheats grown in some regions than others, suggesting that the DE response to xylanase supplementation was not systematic but appeared to be associated with the grain structure, with the DE content consequently arising from an interaction between variety and growing conditions of the wheat. For wheats harvested in 1999, storage improved the E content from 13.3 to 4.0 MJ/kg (P<0.01), but for the 2000 wheats, storage for 6 months decreased DE ontent from 13.7 to 13.0 MJ/kg (P<0.001). However, the 2000 data need t be nterpreted with caution because some of the wheats ere infested with weevils. he DE response to supplemental ylanase in 1999 was negatively correlated to the otal and insoluble arabinose to xylose ratio (P<0.01), in vitro xtract viscosity (P<0.01) Summary IV nd lignin (P<0.06), while FDS (P<0.06) and phytate-P (P<0.06) positively correlated to he DE response to xylanase. he DE response to storage in 1999 was positively correlated to the NDF (P<0.001) and ylose contents (P<0.01) of the wheats, which had negative nfluences on the DE ontent of non-stored wheats. The ddition of xylanase in stored wheat did not improve he DE content, suggesting changes in chemical composition (eg, ctivation of ndogenous xylanases) during storage. In Experiment 4 (Chapter 6), the same wheats were analysed or phosphorus (P) and hytate-P content, as the latter is onsidered to be anti-nutritive in pig diets. The total P nd phytate-P content of all wheat samples ranged 2.6 (s.e. .64) g/kg and 1.8 (s.e. 0.13) /kg DM, respectively. Endogenous phytase activity was highly variable and veraged 63 (s.e. 29.6) FTU/kg between wheats. The variety, rowing region, season and torage of wheat did not nfluence the variation of P content. However, the precipitation evel over two growing seasons was positively correlated to otal-P (P<0.05) and hytate-P contents (P<0.05) of wheat. Phytate-P content of wheat can be predicted from otal-P content (r=0.974, P<0.001). In Part B, two experimental designs were generated based n the results of experiments escribed in Part A. From the revious experiment (Experiment 2, Chapter 4), it was vident that the structure of starch (i.e., amylose: mylopectin ratio) and phytate-P content of wheat were correlated to DE content of wheat. To reinforce the established correlations the following experiments were carried out, with the general hypothesis that the structure of starch (i.e., waxy vs. non-waxy wheat), particle size of ground wheat, and phytate-P content of wheat will influence the digestibility of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen, energy, minerals) in wheat-based weaner pig diets. In Experiment 5, the same variety (Janz) of a waxy (98% of total starch was amylopectin) isoline and a non-waxy isoline (71% of total starch was amylopectin) wheat were ground through a hammermill fitted either with a 8.5 mm or 4.5 mm screen to achieve average particle sizes of 930 and 560 µm, respectively. Diets were formulated and then fed to weaner pigs (3-5 weeks of age) with or without xylanase plus â-glucancase. Digestibilities of starch, nitrogen, energy, and DE content of diets were measured at day 7 and day 21 to examine any age-related improvement of nutrient Summary V digestibilities during the first 3 weeks post-weaning. Waxy wheat improved total tract digestibility of starch (P<0.05) and CP (P<0.05), and the reduction of particle size improved total tract starch digestibility (P<0.001) at both 7 and 21 days after weaning. However, energy digestibility and DE content of the diet were not influenced by either wheat type or particle size. Supplementation of xylanase plus â-glucanase improved starch digestibility (P<0.01) and DE content (P<0.05) but not other nutrients, and this occurred especially in non-waxy (P=0.03) and larger particle-sized wheat (P=0.01). Pigs increased ability to digest protein with age (P<0.05). However, the improvement in nutrient digestibilities in waxy and fine particle size wheat diets did not translate to improved pig performance. In Experiment 6, the hypothesis tested was that the digestibility and pig performance responses to supplemental xylanase, phytase and xylanase plus phytase would differ in weaner pigs according to P content of wheat. To test this hypothesis, two wheats containing high and low levels of total P (2.52g vs. 3.76 g total-P/kg DM) were obtained and fed to weaner pigs. Diets either had no enzyme or were supplemented with xylanase, phytase, or a combination of xylanase plus phytase. The hypothesis was partly supported in this experiment, since P and Ca digestibility were influenced by a wheat content by enzyme ineraction. Overall improvements in macronutrient digestibility and pig performance by supplementation of various enzymes were not significant. Daily growth (P<0.05 – P<0.01) and FCR (P<0.05 – P<0.01) were improved by the supplemental enzyme only in the first week of the feeding trial, mainly due to the increased P and Ca availability induced by the enzymes. Amounts of P and Ca digested were below the recommended requirements by NRC in the first two weeks of the feeding trial. Supplementation of phytase generally improved P and Ca digestibility (P<0.05) in both low-P and high-P wheats. However, xylanase plus phytase supplementation did not produce synergistic effect for macronutrients, and mineral digestibilities, over single supplementation of xylanase or phytase. From the results obtained in this thesis I propose that: 1) The DE content of wehat for weaner pigs is variable due mainly to the change of chemical composition mediated by variety, growing environment and storage after harvest, and efficacy of supplemental xylanase is dependent on the chemical structure of NSP present in cell walls of wheat; Summary VI 2) Structure of starch, particle size, age after weaning, and P content of wheat are factors influencing nutrient digestibility in weaner pigs fed a wheat-based diet, and the efficacy of phytase on P and Ca digestibilities is dependent on the phytate-P content of wheat.
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Kim, Jae Cheol. « Factors influencing the total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients from wheat for the weanling pig ». Kim, Jae Cheol (2003) Factors influencing the total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients from wheat for the weanling pig. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/131/.

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The objectives of the studies conducted in the Part A of this thesis were to quantify the variation of digestible energy (DE) content of wheat and to document the responsible factors for the variation. The general hypothesis tested in Part A of this thesis was that the variety, growing region, growing season, supplementation of xylanase and postharvest grain storage (i.e., six months of storage at ambient temperature) will influence the DE content of wheat when fed to weaner pigs. Experiment 1 (Chapter 3) examined the variation in the chemical composition of wheats as influenced by variety (Arrino, Westonia and Stiletto were selected), growing region (each wheat was selected from a high, medium and low rainfall region), season (1999 and 2000) and post harvest storage for 6 months. In this experiment, up to a 19% variation in the crude protein (CP) content (mean13.3, SD 2.59), up to a 5% variation in the starch content (mean 65.4, SD 3.56), and a 10-20% variation in the total (mean 9,2, SD 0.86), insoluble (mean 8.1, SD 0.84) and soluble (mean 1.1, SD 0.23) non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) contents were observed. The major experimental findings were: * Variety of wheat influenced the variation of most carbohydrate components, including fast digestible starch (FDS) (P<0.001), acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P<0.01), total and insoluble NSP (P<0.05), and in vitro extract viscosity (P<0.05); * The annual precipitation level in each region correlated to bushel weight (P<0.01), protein (P<0.01) and carbohydrate composition, including starch (P<0.05), soluble NSP (P<0.001), lignin (P<0.001) and free sugars (P<0.001), indicating the importance of the growing environment on the DE content of wheat; * Growing season influenced bushel weight (P<0.001), CP (P<0.01), amylose and amylopectin (components of starch, P<0.05), ADF (P<0.001), lignin (P<0.001), soluble NSP (P<0.001) and free sugars contents (P<0.001), and the in vitro extract viscosity of wheat (P<0.05); * Storage of wheat decreased ADF (P<0.05), lignin (P<0.01) and soluble NSP contents (P<0.01) and increased the free sugar content (<<0.001). In Experiment 2 (Chapter 4), the effect of variety, growing region and growing season on the DE content of wheat in 5-week-old male weaner pigs was examined, and Summary III correlations between various chemical composition of wheat and DE content were established. The major findings were: * The DE content of wheats varied by up to 1.3 MJ/kg (12.5 13.8; mean = 13.3) in 1999 and by up to 1.8 MJ/kg (12.6 14.4; mean = 13.7) in 2000; * Both the variety and growing region significantly influenced (P<0.05 - P<0.001) the DE content of wheat; * Generally, the wheat variety Westonia and wheats grown in the low rainfall region contained a higher DE content than other wheats and growing regions; * In addition, growing season influenced (P<0.001) DE content of wheat; * The mean DE content determined with weaner pigs in the current study was approximately 1 MJ/kg DM lower when compared to published estimates of the DE content of wheat determined with growing pigs; * Prediction of in vivo DE content of wheat for weaner pigs using NIRS (Near Infra- Red Spectroscopy) was not successful. * Significant inverse relationships between the DE content and xylose (P<0.05), NDF (P<0.01), total-P (P<0.01) and phytate-P content (P<0.05) of wheat were seen in 1999. However, such relationships were not significant in 2000, indicating a very strong seasonal influence on both chemical composition and DE content of wheat. Experiment 3 (Chapter 5) examined the effects of a supplemental enzyme (xylanase) and storage for 6 months on the DE content of wheats. In 1999, use of the enzyme tended to increase the DE content from 13.3 to 13.6 MJ/kg (P=0.065) whereas in 2000, use of the enzyme caused no change in DE content (13.7 to 13.6 MJ/kg). However, the response to enzyme addition was much greater in some wheats grown in some regions than others, suggesting that the DE response to xylanase supplementation was not systematic but appeared to be associated with the grain structure, with the DE content consequently arising from an interaction between variety and growing conditions of the wheat. For wheats harvested in 1999, storage improved the E content from 13.3 to 4.0 MJ/kg (P<0.01), but for the 2000 wheats, storage for 6 months decreased DE content from 13.7 to 13.0 MJ/kg (P<0.001). However, the 2000 data need to be interpreted with caution because some of the wheats were infested with weevils. The DE response to supplemental xylanase in 1999 was negatively correlated to the total and insoluble arabinose to xylose ratio (P<0.01), in vitro extract viscosity (P<0.01) and lignin (P<0.06), while FDS (P<0.06) and phytate-P (P<0.06) positively correlated to the DE response to xylanase. The DE response to storage in 1999 was positively correlated to the NDF (P<0.001) and xylose contents (P<0.01) of the wheats, which had negative influences on the DE content of non-stored wheats. The addition of xylanase in stored wheat did not improve the DE content, suggesting changes in chemical composition (eg, activation of xndogenous xylanases) during storage. In Experiment 4 (Chapter 6), the same wheats were analysed or phosphorus (P) and hytate-P content, as the latter is considered to be anti-nutritive in pig diets. The total P and phytate-P content of all wheat samples ranged 2.6 (s.e. .64) g/kg and 1.8 (s.e. 0.13) /kg DM, respectively. Endogenous phytase activity was highly variable and averaged 63 (s.e. 29.6) FTU/kg between wheats. The variety, rowing region, season and storage of wheat did not influence the variation of P content. However, the precipitation level over two growing seasons was positively correlated to total-P (P<0.05) and hytate-P contents (P<0.05) of wheat. Phytate-P content of wheat can be predicted from total-P content (r=0.974, P<0.001). In Part B, two experimental designs were generated based n the results of experiments described in Part A. From the previous experiment (Experiment 2, Chapter 4), it was evident that the structure of starch (i.e., amylose: mylopectin ratio) and phytate-P content of wheat were correlated to DE content of wheat. To reinforce the established correlations the following experiments were carried out, with the general hypothesis that the structure of starch (i.e., waxy vs. non-waxy wheat), particle size of ground wheat, and phytate-P content of wheat will influence the digestibility of nutrients (i.e., nitrogen, energy, minerals) in wheat-based weaner pig diets. In Experiment 5, the same variety (Janz) of a waxy (98% of total starch was amylopectin) isoline and a non-waxy isoline (71% of total starch was amylopectin) wheat were ground through a hammermill fitted either with a 8.5 mm or 4.5 mm screen to achieve average particle sizes of 930 and 560 mcm, respectively. Diets were formulated and then fed to weaner pigs (3-5 weeks of age) with or without xylanase plus beta-glucancase. Digestibilities of starch, nitrogen, energy, and DE content of diets were measured at day 7 and day 21 to examine any age-related improvement of nutrient digestibilities during the first 3 weeks post-weaning. Waxy wheat improved total tract digestibility of starch (P<0.05) and CP (P<0.05), and the reduction of particle size improved total tract starch digestibility (P<0.001) at both 7 and 21 days after weaning. However, energy digestibility and DE content of the diet were not influenced by either wheat type or particle size. Supplementation of xylanase plus ?-glucanase improved starch digestibility (P<0.01) and DE content (P<0.05) but not other nutrients, and this occurred especially in non-waxy (P=0.03) and larger particle-sized wheat (P=0.01). Pigs increased ability to digest protein with age (P<0.05). However, the improvement in nutrient digestibilities in waxy and fine particle size wheat diets did not translate to improved pig performance. In Experiment 6, the hypothesis tested was that the digestibility and pig performance responses to supplemental xylanase, phytase and xylanase plus phytase would differ in weaner pigs according to P content of wheat. To test this hypothesis, two wheats containing high and low levels of total P (2.52g vs. 3.76 g total-P/kg DM) were obtained and fed to weaner pigs. Diets either had no enzyme or were supplemented with xylanase, phytase, or a combination of xylanase plus phytase. The hypothesis was partly supported in this experiment, since P and Ca digestibility were influenced by a wheat content by enzyme ineraction. Overall improvements in macronutrient digestibility and pig performance by supplementation of various enzymes were not significant. Daily growth (P<0.05 - P<0.01) and FCR (P<0.05 - P<0.01) were improved by the supplemental enzyme only in the first week of the feeding trial, mainly due to the increased P and Ca availability induced by the enzymes. Amounts of P and Ca digested were below the recommended requirements by NRC in the first two weeks of the feeding trial. Supplementation of phytase generally improved P and Ca digestibility (P<0.05) in both low-P and high-P wheats. However, xylanase plus phytase supplementation did not produce synergistic effect for macronutrients, and mineral digestibilities, over single supplementation of xylanase or phytase. From the results obtained in this thesis I propose that: 1) The DE content of wheat for weaner pigs is variable due mainly to the change of chemical composition mediated by variety, growing environment and storage after harvest, and efficacy of supplemental xylanase is dependent on the chemical structure of NSP present in cell walls of wheat; 2) Structure of starch, particle size, age after weaning, and P content of wheat are factors influencing nutrient digestibility in weaner pigs fed a wheat-based diet, and the efficacy of phytase on P and Ca digestibilities is dependent on the phytate-P content of wheat.
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Brandes, Alberto. « ENZYME COMPLEX ON DIGESTIBILITY OF ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS IN PRACTICAL DIETS FOR NILE TILAPIA, Oreochromis niloticus JUVENILES ». Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2707.

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O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de Allzyme SSF®, um complexo multienzimático contendo pectinase, protease, fitase, β-glucanase, xilanase, celulase e amilase nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de tilápias do Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus. Um total de 90 peixes sadios, machos com 100 dias de idade (150 ± 20 g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis aquários de digestibilidade de 200 litros, com 15 peixes por aquário. Foi utilizada como dieta basal uma formulação comercial para tilápias contendo 33,27% de proteína bruta (21,11% de origem animal + 12,17% de origem vegetal) e 20,18 MJ/kg de energia bruta. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: dieta controle (D1) sem complexo multienzimático, D2 e D3 suplementadas com 0,0225% e 0,045% de Allzyme SSF®, respectivamente. Óxido de cromo (0,1%) foi utilizado como marcador interno. Foi observado um maior coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente de matéria seca e energia bruta nos peixes alimentados com a dieta D3 comparado com aqueles que receberam a dieta controle (P = 0,05). Peixes alimentados com D3 apresentaram maior coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente de amido, cinza e zinco comparado com aqueles alimentados com a dieta controle e D2 (P < 0,05). Peixes alimentados com as dietas D2 e D3 demonstraram coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente maiores para cálcio e fósforo em relação aos que receberam a dieta controle (P < 0,05). Não foi observado efeito do complexo multienzimático nos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de lipídeos (P = 0,811). A suplementação com complexo multienzimático na dieta D3 melhorou os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente de lisina, (P = 0,022), histidina (P = 0,001) comparado com os peixes alimentados com a dieta controle. Coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente maiores para leucina, treonina, triptofano e valina foram observados em peixes alimentados com dietas D2 e D3, comparado com aqueles que receberam a dieta controle (P = 0,05). Excreção menor de nitrogênio e fósforo foi observada nos peixes alimentados com dietas suplementadas com complexo multienzimático comparado com os que receberam a dieta controle. Como conclusão, a suplementação com 0,045% de Allzyme SSF® pode ser uma ferramenta útil para melhorar os valores nutricionais dos alimentos e dar suporte a uma criação mais sustentável de tilápia do Nilo.
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Allzyme SSF®, a multienzyme complex with pectinase, protease, phytase, β-glucanase, xylanase, cellulase, and amylase, on the apparent digestibility coefficients for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A total of 90 healthy, 100-day-old, all-male fish (150 ± 20 g) were randomly allotted into six-200-L digestibility aquaria at stocking density of 15 fish per aquarium. A typical commercial tilapia feed formulation containing 33.27% of crude protein (21.11% from animal protein source + 12.16% from plant protein source), and 20.18 MJ/kg of gross energy was used as basal diet. The dietary treatments assigned were: control diet (D1) without multienzyme supplementation, D2 and D3 supplemented with 0.0225% and with 0.045% of Allzyme SSF®, respectively. Chromic oxide at 0.1% was used as inert marker. Higher apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and gross energy were observed in fish fed diet D3 compared to those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed diet D3 showed higher apparent digestibility coefficients of starch, ash and zinc compared to those observed in fish fed control and diet D2 (P < 0.05). Fish fed diet D2 and D3 demonstrated higher apparent digestibility coefficients of calcium and phosphorus than fish fed the control diet (P < 0.05). No effect of multienzyme complex supplementation on apparent digestibility coefficients of lipids was observed (P = 0.811). Dietary multienzyme complex supplementation in diet D3 improved apparent digestibility coefficients of lysine (P = 0.022), histidine (P = 0.001) compared to fish fed D1. Higher apparent digestibility coefficients of leucine, threonine, tryptophan and valine were observed in fish fed diet D2 and D3, compared to those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Lower nitrogen and phosphorus excretions were observed in fish fed diets supplemented with the multienzyme complex compared to the control diet. In conclusion, a dietary supplementation of 0.045% of Allzyme SSF® may be used as useful tool to improve nutritive value of feeds and support the sustainability of Nile tilapia culture.
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Lösch, Juliana Alice. « Digestibilidade aparente de rações contendo diferentes níveis de fósforo para pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1531.

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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility of diets containing different levels of phosphorus for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). The first experiment aimed to evaluate the apparent digestibility of diets containing different phosphorus levels for pacus, through the decantation method. A total of 60 pacus were used, averaging 151,57±6,43 g in weight, allotted in 6 180-L tanks, with Modified Guelph System, in an experimental design entirely randomized. The fish were fed isonitrogenous, isoenergetic and isocalcium diets, containing 27% of crude protein, 1,50% of calcium and 3000 kcal of DE/kg, with levels of 0,6 and 1,2% of total phosphorus. The fecal samples were taken every 30 minutes in order to decrease the loss of nutrients through leaching. We observed significant differences in treatments. There is a reduction in diets digestibility, with values of 80,06 and 60,55%, decrease in phosphorus apparent digestibility, with values of 86,08 and 72,80% and, consequently, observed a increase residual phosphorus for fish fed with 0,6 and 1,2% of phosphorus, respectively. Therefore, the greater total phosphorus digestibility and consequently lower total phosphorus excretion in feces obtained by the decantation method was observed at diet containing 0,6% of total phosphorus for pacus. The second experiment aimed evaluate the apparent digestibility of rations containing different phosphorus levels for pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus), through intestinal dissection method. A total of 320 pacus were used, averaging 768,5±36,34 g in weight, allotted in four 5-m3 cages. The fish were fed isonitrogenous, isoenergetic and isocalcium diets, containing 27% of crude protein, 1,50% of calcium and 3000 kcal of DE/kg, with levels of 0,6; 0,8; 1,0 and 1,2% of total phosphorus. The fecal samples were performed by opening the fish side for removal of feces present in the rectum, and the fish sent for analysis of whole body chemical composition. We observed significant differences (P<0,01) between treatments for apparent digestibility coefficient of the diet, apparent digestibility of phosphorus, available phosphorus and residual phosphorus. There is a linear decrease in apparent digestibility of the diet and apparent digestibility of phosphorus with increase phosphorus levels in the diet, the highest values being observed for the diet with 0,6% of total phosphorus, while for available phosphorus and residual phosphorus there was a linear increase with inclusion levels of total phosphorus in the feed. There were no significant differences for wholly body chemical composition of pacu. Therefore, most phosphorus digestibility of the diet, obtained by intestinal dissection method, was observed in diet containing 0,6% of total phosphorus for pacu and the different phosphorus levels had no effect in whole body of pacus
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a digestibilidade aparente de rações contendo diferentes níveis de fósforo para pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus). O primeiro experimento foi conduzido visando avaliar a digestibilidade de rações contendo 0,6% e 1,2% de fósforo total, através do método de decantação. Foram utilizados 60 pacus com peso médio de 151,57±6,43 g, distribuídos em seis cubas com capacidade de 180 litros, com sistema do tipo Guelph modificado, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Os peixes foram alimentados com rações isoprotéicas (27%), isoenergéticas (3000 kcal/kg) e isocálcicas (1,50%), com níveis de 0,6 e 1,2% de fósforo total. As coletas de fezes foram realizadas a cada 30 minutos, visando diminuir a perdas por lixiviação dos nutrientes. Foram observadas diferenças significativas entres os tratamentos. Observa-se uma redução na digestibilidade do fósforo das dietas, com valores de 80,06% para os peixes alimentados com 0,6% de fósforo total e de 60,55% para os peixes alimentados com 1,2%. Observa-se também redução para a digestibilidade aparente do fósforo, com valores de 86,08 e 72,80% e consequentemente observa-se um aumento do fósforo residual para os peixes alimentados com 0,6 e 1,2% de fósforo total, respectivamente. Portanto, a maior digestibilidade do fósforo total e consequentemente menor excreção de fósforo nas fezes, obtida através do método de decantação, foi observada na dieta contendo 0,6% de fósforo total para pacus. O segundo experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a digestibilidade aparente de rações contendo diferentes níveis de fósforo para pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus), através do método de dissecação intestinal e a composição centesimal da carcaça destes peixes. Foram utilizados 320 pacus com peso médio de 768,5±36,34 g, distribuídos em quatro tanques-rede com capacidade de 5m³. Os peixes foram alimentados com rações isoprotéicas, isoenergéticas e isocálcicas, contendo 27% de proteína bruta, 1,50% de cálcio, e 3000 kcal de ED/kg, com níveis de 0,6; 0,8; 1,0 e 1,2% de fósforo total. As coletas de fezes foram realizadas, por abertura lateral nos peixes, para retirada das fezes presente no reto, em seguida os peixes foram encaminhados para análise de composição centesimal da carcaça. Foram observadas diferenças significativas (P<0,01) entres os tratamentos para o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da dieta, digestibilidade aparente do fósforo, fósforo disponível e fósforo residual. Observa-se uma diminuição linear para digestibilidade aparente da dieta, digestibilidade aparente do fósforo com o aumento dos níveis de inclusão de fósforo na ração, sendo os maiores valores observados para a dieta com 0,6% de fósforo total na ração, enquanto que para o fósforo disponível e fósforo residual houve um aumento linear, com aumento da inclusão de níveis de fósforo total na ração. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para a composição centesimal da carcaça dos pacus. Portanto, a maior digestibilidade do fósforo total da dieta, obtida através do método de dissecação, foi observada na dieta contendo 0,6% de fósforo total para pacu e os diferentes níveis de fósforo não influenciaram na composição química da carcaça de pacus
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Lozano-Ascencio, Oscar German 1956. « Post-absorptive metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients and starch digestibility by steers fed sorghum grain flaked at different densities ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282356.

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Objectives were to determine the effects of feeding dry-rolled (DR) vs steam-flaked (SF) sorghum grain and degree of processing (flake density, FD) of corn and sorghum grain on site and extent of starch digestion and post-absorptive metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients in steers fed 77% grain. The design for each trial was a randomized block. Seven steers (400 kg) with duodenal and ileal cannulas were used to determine corn and sorghum starch digestibilities (Cr ratio, 3-d collection). Steers fed SF versus DR sorghum increased starch digestibility in the rumen (23%; P < .01), total tract (2.3%; P < .01), and in the small intestine (6%; P < .01, as percentage of starch entering duodenum). Decreasing flake density of SF sorghum grain increased linearly (P < .05) starch digestion (percentage of intake) in the rumen and total tract, and diminished linearly (P < .05) starch digestibilities post-ruminally and in the small intestine. Similar responses in starch digestibilities occurred by lowering FD of SF corn. Percent dietary corn or sorghum starch digestibility in the large intestine was less than 2% of intake. Feeding SF compared to DR sorghum did not alter net absorption and uptake or release of energy-yielding nutrient across SPL tissues. As expected, net absorption of glucose across portal-drained viscera (PDV) was negative (-.60 mol/d). Incrementally decreasing FD of SF sorghum linearly increased net PDV absorption of lactate (P =.04), glucose synthesis by the liver (P =.03), and SPL output of glucose (P < .01) and L-lactate (P =.03). Net propionate PDV absorption (P =.18), hepatic uptake (P =.21), and SPL output (P =.15) tended to be increased with lower FD. Increasing degree of grain processing, by incrementally decreasing FD, linearly increased ruminal and total tract starch digestibilities and net absorption of glucose precursors (propionate and L-lactate), resulting in increased hepatic synthesis and greater output of glucose from the gut and liver to the rest of the body. Based on these changes, the optimum FD for SF sorghum grain was 283 g/L (SF22).
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Santos, Vivian Maia dos. « Níveis de prebiótico em substituição ao antibiótico em dietas para leitões recém - desmamados / ». Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99605.

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Orientador: Maria Cristina Thomaz
Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel
Banca: Rafael Neme
Resumo: Foram conduzidos três experimentos, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da adição de diferentes níveis de prebiótico na alimentação de leitões, sobre o desempenho, desenvolvimento da mucosa intestinal, parâmetros fisiológicos, digestibilidade e metabolismo de suínos. O prebiótico utilizado foi o mananoligossacarídeo MOS. No 1º experimento, foram avaliados o desempenho e a incidência de diarréia em 30 leitões fêmeas, dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 6,28 l 1,40 kg. A utilização de MOS nas rações de leitões recém - desmamados piorou o ganho de peso dos animais dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, porém não teve efeito sobre a incidência de diarréia. No 2º experimento foram avaliadas a morfometria do intestino delgado e mensurados os pesos do fígado e do pâncreas, assim como, o pH dos conteúdos do estômago, intestino delgado e ceco. Foram utilizados 15 leitões fêmeas dos 22 aos 63 dias de idade, com peso inicial de 5,74 l 0,93 kg. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos foram: Controle positivo CP (Dieta basal + antibiótico); Controle negativo - CN (Dieta basal); CN + 0,25% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,50% de Prebiótico; CN + 0,75% de Prebiótico, e utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso para controlar diferenças inicias de peso. Não foram observadas diferenças em nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. No 3º experimento foram determinadas as digestibilidades dos nutrientes e da energia e o coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da energia e a energia metabolizável, das rações controle e com 0,5% de prebiótico. Utilizou-se 16 suínos machos castrados, com peso médio de 24,8 l 2,79 kg, e os blocos controlaram a repetição no tempo...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Three experiments were set to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of mannanoligossacharides (MOS, prebiotic) to the diet of piglets on their performance, development of intestinal mucosa, physiological parameters, digestibility and metabolism.. Corn and soybean meal were the major feed components. The first experiment evaluated the development and occurrence of diarrhea in 30 female piglets at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 6.28 l 1.40 kg. Prebiotic additions to the diets worsen the growth performance of animals in Phase 3, but did not influence on the diarrhea incidence. The second experiment evaluated the morphometry of the small bowel, liver and pancreas weight, and the pH of stomach, small bowel and cecum contents. Fifteen female piglets were used at 22 and 63 days of age, with an initial weight of 5.74 l 0.93 kg. Both experiments were arranged in randomized blocks design to control initial weight difference, with the following treatments: positive control PC (base diet + antibiotic); negative control - NC (base diet); NC + 0.25% of prebiotic; NC + 0.50% of prebiotic; NC + 0.75% of prebiotic. No significant difference was observed in any of the studied parameters. In the third experiment, nutrient and energy digestibility were determined in feeds containing prebiotic (0.5%) or not (control). Sixteen castrated male pigs weighing 24.8 l 2.79 kg were used, and randomized blocks design was used so blocks controlled replications during time. Nutrient digestibility and feed energy were determined through the total feces collection method, using ferric oxide as fecal marker. The digestibility coefficient of the mineral matter and the digestible mineral matter were higher (P<0.05) in the control feed than in the feed containing prebiotic...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Domiciano, Bruno Zarro. « Utilização de diferentes níveis de Nutri Energia em dietas para recria e terminação de cordeiros em confinamento ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-27112007-155535/.

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Este trabalho avaliou a utilização de níveis crescentes de Nutri Energia® (T0=0; T1=10; T2=20 e T3=30), em substituição a polpa cítrica (35; 23; 12 e 0), ocasionando níveis crescentes de gordura (1,5; 3,7; 5,9 e 8,0%), em dietas para cordeiros, em recria e terminação, no sistema de confinamento, sobre o desempenho produtivo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, ambiência e características de carcaça. O experimento foi realizado na FZEA/USP. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros machos Suffolk com 60 dias de idade e 22 kg em média, que foram abatidos após um período experimental de 77 dias. Todos os tratamentos foram isoproteícos e isoenergéticos. A partir da inclusão de 10% de Nutri Energia® na dieta, a ingestão de matéria seca, a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente ácido e neutro diminuíram; a partir de 20%, o ganho de peso e a digestibilidade de fibra bruta diminuíram e a partir de 30% a eficiência alimentar e a digestibilidade da proteína bruta diminuíram. Não foi significativa (P>0,05), a variação da digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e do extrativo não nitrogenado. Assim observamos que o uso de Nutri Energia® em dietas para cordeiros em terminação em confinamento, tem seu limite de inclusão em torno de 10%, para alcançar boas características de carcaça e desempenho animal. Elevando o nível de inclusão acima de 10%, obtém-se alto teor de extrato etéreo, o que irá prejudicar o desempenho produtivo dos animais.
Alternative sources of energy for feedlot animals have been tested to improve the animal performance and decrease the production expenses. In this way, this research evaluated the use of increasing Nutri Energy® levels (T0=0; T1=10; T2=20 e T3=30) in the citric pulp substitution. (35; 23; 12 and 0%) as the main energy source, causing an increasing fat levels (1,5; 3,7; 5,9 e 8,0) in lambs diet during rearing and finishing phases in feedlot system, over the performance, nutrients digestibility , environment and carcass characteristics. The experiment was conducted in FZEA/USP. 40 Suffolk breed male lambs were used with 60 day old and an average of 22Kg weight that were slaughtered after a 52 day experimental period. All the treatments were isoprotein and isoenergy. Starting from the inclusion of 10% of Nutri Energy® in the diet, the ingestion of dry matter, the fiber\'s digestibility in acid and neutral detergent decreased; starting from 20%, the weight earnings and the digestibility of rude fiber decreased; starting from 30% the alimentary efficiency and the digestibility of the rude protein decreased. It was not significant (P>0,05), the digestibility variation of ethereal extract and of the extractive no nitrogen. Like this, we observed that the use of Nutri Energy® in diets for lambs, in ending in confinement, it inclusion limit around 10%, to reach good carcass characteristics and animal acting. Elevating the inclusion level above 10%, it is obtained high tenor of ethereal extract, what will harm the productive acting of the animals.
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Livres sur le sujet "Digestibility; Nutrients"

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Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 19 chapters on the application of animal nutrition science, including nutrients and important feed constituents and their functions, drinking water, feed digestion, feed digestibility, feed nutritive value, animal feeds, feed intake, nutrient requirements, ration formulation, nutritional models, feed additives, feed-borne pathogens/toxins/nutrient deficiencies, feed-related non-infectious diseases, grazing behaviour, grazing management, assessing nutritional status and nutrient supplements for grazing animals, feed storage and handling, feed processing and the environmental impact of animal production. It is intended for undergraduates taking courses in animal nutrition, farmers and advisors who want to broaden their understanding of animal feeding and management and scientists who would like to see how their research interests integrate into practical animal feeding.
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M. Horvath*, G. Pesti-Asbóth, J. Galne Remenyik et L. Babinszky. Effect of dietary antioxidant supplementations on antioxidant parameters, rectal temperature, digestibility of nutrients, performance and chemical composition of meat in Cherry Valley type ducks under chronic heat stress. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2020.306.

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Nutrient content and digestibility of Saskatchewan native forages. Regina, Canada : Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food - ADF Project #94000114, 1998.

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Hix, Rebecca J. Effects of saponin-containing extracts on fat digestibility, growth, and nutrient availability in domestic fowl. 1999.

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Hix, Rebecca J. Effects of saponin-containing extracts on fat digestibility, growth, and nutrient availability in domestic fowl. 1999.

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M. Ebrahem, Susanne Kersten, Christine Ehling, Hana Valenta, Ulrike Taylor, U. Baulain, G. Breves, A. Beineke, Kathrin Hermeyer et S. Dänicke. Effect of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat on health, nutrient digestibility and semen quality of adult cockerels. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2014.47.

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L.F. Law, I. Zulkifli, A.F. Soleimani, M.A. Hossain et J.B. Liang. Nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed on a low-protein diet supplemented with mono-component proteases. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2015.107.

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Julia Urban, Ilen Röhe et J. Zentek. Effect of protein restriction on performance, nutrient digestibility and whole body composition of male Lohmann Dual chickens. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2018.221.

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Youssef A. Attia et M.A. Al-Harthi. Effect of supplementation of date waste to broiler diets on performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics and physiological parameters. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2015.91.

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J.H. Park, S.H. Pi et I.H. Kim*. Growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and meat quality of broilers fed on diets supplemented with Scutellaria baicalensis extract. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2016.155.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Digestibility; Nutrients"

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Dryden, Gordon McL. « Feed digestibility. » Dans Fundamentals of applied animal nutrition, 35–42. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394453.0004.

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Sundling, L., Ø. Ahlstrøm et A.-H. Tauson. « Comparative digestibility of nutrients and energy in ferrets (Mustela putorius furo), mink (Neovison vison) and cats (Felis catus) ». Dans Proceedings of the Xth International Scientific Congress in fur animal production, 112–20. Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-760-8_16.

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van Donk, Ellen, et Dag O. Hessen. « Reduced digestibility of UV-B stressed and nutrient-limited algae by Daphnia magna ». Dans Cladocera as Model Organisms in Biology, 147–51. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0021-2_16.

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Sundling, L., Ø. Ahlstrom et A. H. Tauson. « Yttrium oxide as an inert marker for nutrient digestibility in ferrets (Mustela putoris furo), mink (Neovison vison) and cats (Felis catus) ». Dans Proceedings of the Xth International Scientific Congress in fur animal production, 91–96. Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-760-8_12.

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Song, X., H. Xue, H. Wei, G. Li et F. Yang. « Effects of dietary protein levels and implanted melatonin on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and nutrient digestibility of minks (Mustela vison) ». Dans Proceedings of the Xth International Scientific Congress in fur animal production, 483. Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-760-8_73.

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Veber, Anna, Dorota Zaręba et Małgorzata Ziarno. « Functional Fermented Beverage Prepared from Germinated White Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ». Dans Milk Substitutes - Selected Aspects. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95818.

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The current demand for plant-based food indicates that the food market is providing alternatives for products that are currently commercially available. This chapter discusses the possible use of germinated bean seeds as a raw material in the production of substitutes for dairy products, including fermented ones. Beans are a valuable source of easily digestible protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and various vitamins (e.g., B vitamin group). They also contain significant amounts of fiber which affects the proper functioning of the digestive system and antioxidant compounds. The fat content is low and is estimated to be around only 1–2%. However, it is mainly (about 70%) constituted by unsaturated fatty acids, including the polyunsaturated ones such as linoleic acid or linolenic acid, which are desirable in the human diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases or cancer. Biological processes such as germination or fermentation may improve the nutritional value of bean seeds (by increasing the content, digestibility, and bioavailability of some nutrients and by eliminating undesirable components) and deliver live cells of prohealth bacteria (lactic acid bacteria, propionic acid bacteria, or bifidobacteria).
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Mitchell, Graham. « The Machinery of Digestion ». Dans How Giraffes Work, 147–86. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the machinery of digestion in giraffes. The shape of the mouth of giraffes, the shape and number of their teeth, the shape and size of their tongue and the arrangement of the muscles of eating are unique and have evolved to be perfectly suited to the task of browsing. Comminution of browse is eased by large volumes of saliva secreted from salivary glands that relative to body mass are small. The digestive tract of giraffes consists of a rumen, reticulum, and omasum in addition to the usual stomach and intestines found in any mammal. The forestomachs are smaller and the small and large intestines are longer than those of grazer-ruminants. The quality, succulence and consistency of browse reduces the need for prolonged rumination. Movement of browse through the rumen-reticulum is fast, and it is likely that a mixture of plant cell contents and saliva, can bypass the rumen via an esophageal groove, and be deposited directly into the stomach. 40% of daily energy (mainly in the form of volatile fatty acids) is provided by microbial fermentation of browse in the rumen, and 60% derives from intestinal digestion mainly of glucose), rather than the reverse as found in grazer-ruminants. Significant fermentation of undigested fiber (mainly hemicellulose) occurs in the large intestine. The combination of digestive processes results in very efficient use of the nutrients and an apparent digestibility of ~85%, which is high. To provide the browse needed to meet daily energy demand giraffes need a home range of ~60 km2.
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Ortuño, Jordi, Alexandros Ch Stratakos et Katerina Theodoridou. « Techniques for identifying new animal feed ingredients and additives ». Dans Developing animal feed products, 3–44. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0083.05.

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The identification of potential novel feed ingredients requires quick and effective analytical techniques to assess their composition and functionality. This chapter provides a practical guide to routine and standard methods to detect the main traits of interest in animal feed ingredients and additives. It discusses techniques to evaluate feed nutritional value, including chemical composition and nutrient digestibility. The chapter reviews different in vitro methods for feed evaluation systems as well as assessment of nutrient molecular structure. The chapter also discusses analysis of feed bioactive compounds and their functionality. The chapter concludes with a case study on seaweeds as a potential novel feed for livestock.
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Dümen, Emek, Nadide Gizem Tarakçı et Gözde Ekici. « Honey Production Process ». Dans Food Processing – New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99439.

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Honey has been considered as a very important and superior nutrient in human nutrition since ancient times due to its ability to be consumed by humans without processing, easy digestibility, nutritional properties and biological benefits. Although honey contains many desired bioactive and antibacterial substances, which may be sufficient for antimicrobial activity, it cannot be produced in sufficient quantities due to low water activity under normal conditions. This causes various food and bee-borne spores/non-spores pathogens going viral. Hence, it may cause the risk of parasitological and fungal agents to be found. In honey production, “Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)” must be applied meticulously and completely. Current technologies in honey production will be explained in this section.
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Donadelli, Renan, et Greg Aldrich. « Miscanthus Grass as a Nutritional Fiber Source for Monogastric Animals ». Dans Grasses and Grassland - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99951.

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While fiber is not an indispensable nutrient for monogastric animals, it has benefits such as promoting gastrointestinal motility and production of short chain fatty acids through fermentation. Miscanthus x giganteus is a hybrid grass used as an ornamental plant, biomass for energy production, construction material, and as a cellulose source for paper production. More recently Miscanthus grass (dried ground Miscanthus x giganteus) was evaluated for its fiber composition and as a fiber source for poultry (broiler chicks) and pets (dogs and cats). As a fiber source, this ingredient is mostly composed of insoluble fiber (78.6%) with an appreciable amount of lignin (13.0%). When added at moderate levels to broiler chick feed (3% inclusion) Miscanthus grass improved dietary energy utilization. However, when fed to dogs at a 10% inclusion Miscanthus grass decreased dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, and increased dietary protein digestibility compared to dogs fed diets containing similar concentrations of beet pulp. Comparable results were reported for cats. In addition, when Miscanthus grass was fed to cats to aid in hairball management, it decreased the total hair weight per dry fecal weight. When considering the effects Miscanthus grass has on extruded pet foods, it behaves in a similar manner to cellulose, decreasing radial expansion, and increasing energy to compress the kibbles, likely because of changes in kibble structure. To date, Miscanthus grass has not been evaluated in human foods and supplements though it may have applications similar to those identified for pets.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Digestibility; Nutrients"

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Ashayerizadeh, A., B. Dastar, M. Shams Shargh, A. Shabani, V. Jazi et E. A. Soumeh. « Effect of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on nutrients digestibility and digestive enzymes activity in broiler chickens ». Dans 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_85.

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Alekseeva, N. M., P. P. Borisova et V. V. Romanova. « Impact of local feed additives on digestibility and use Nutrients rations of young meat breeds in Yakutia ». Dans ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-09-2018-58.

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Shvetsov, Nikolai, Vyacheslav Kotarev, Aleksandr Kovrigin et Mariya Shvetsova. « Effect of Sprouted and Extruded Grain in Composition of Fodder Mixtures on Digestibility of Dairy Cows Diet Nutrients ». Dans Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium Innovations in Life Sciences (ISILS 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isils-19.2019.68.

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Aletor, O., C. E. Onyemem et V. A. Aletor. « Nutrient constituents, functional attributes andin vitroprotein digestibility of the seeds of theLathyrusplant ». Dans FOOD AND ENVIRONMENT 2011. Southampton, UK : WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fenv110151.

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Hutasoit, Rijanto, Simon P. Ginting et Andi Tarigan. « Effect of Cutting Interval on Yield, Nutrient Composition and Digestibility Several Species of Mulberry ». Dans Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology. Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/proc.intsem.lpvt-2016-p.476-485.

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Rodriguez, D. A., S. A. Lee, C. Jones, J. K. Htoo et H. H. Stein. « Effects of extrusion on nutrient and energy digestibility in cereal grains fed to growing pigs ». Dans 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_32.

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Tuśnio, A., M. Barszcz, M. Taciak, I. Bachanek, E. Święch et J. Skomiał. « Effect of legumes on nutrient digestibility and microbial activity in the large intestine of piglets ». Dans 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_91.

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Tebbe, A., et W. Weiss. « Effects of oscillating dietary crude protein concentration on production, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in lactating dairy cows ». Dans 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_12.

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Shatskikh, Elena, Alyona Nufer, Olga Neverova et Danis Galiev. « Digestibility and nutrient absorption in broiler chickens when replacing feed antibiotics in mixed feed with safe growth promoters ». Dans Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Digital agriculture - development strategy” (ISPC 2019). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispc-19.2019.120.

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Ribeiro, G. O., R. J. Gruninger, D. R. Jones, K. A. Beauchemin, W. Z. Yang, Y. Wang, D. W. Abbott, A. Tsang et T. A. McAllister. « Effect of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treated wheat straw and a recombinant fibrolytic enzyme added to lamb diets on nutrient digestibility and growth performance ». Dans 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_24.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Digestibility; Nutrients"

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Borisova, P. P., N. A. Nikolaev et N. M. Alekseeva. INFLUENCE OF USE OF ENERGY SATURATED FODDER ADDITIVES IN DIETS ON DIGESTIBILITY OF NUTRIENTS TELECOMS IN THE AGE OF 22-23 MONTHS OF SIMMENTAL BREED IN CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL YAKUTIA. Ljournal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2019-b-m-a-0529.

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van Krimpen, M. M., P. Bikker et J. van Harn. Nutrient digestibility of processed animal proteins in broilers. Wageningen : Wageningen Livestock Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/496804.

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Camargo, Jesus A. Acosta, Dean Boyd et John F. Patience. Nitrogen Retention and Nutrient Digestibility in Diets Formulated Using the Net Energy System. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1209.

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van Sambeek, Dana M., Thomas E. Weber, Brian J. Kerr, Johannes van Leeuwen et Nicholas K. Gabler. Evaluation of Rhizopus oligosporus Yeast Supplementation on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Nursery Pigs. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1226.

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Jones, Cassandra, John F. Patience, Nicholas K. Gabler et Rodger G. Main. Both Weaning Weight and Post-weaning Growth Performance Affect Nutrient Digestibility and Energy Utilization in Pigs. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-735.

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Deters, Erin, Rebecca Stokes, Olivia N. Genther-Schroeder et Stephanie L. Hansen. Effects of Original XPC on Newly Weaned Beef Steer Nutrient Digestibility and Response to a Vaccination Challenge. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-459.

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Nikolaeva, N. A., P. P. Borisova, N. M. Alekseeva et E. S. Vasileva. The effect of energy-rich feed additives on nutrient digestibility of rations in young Simmental cattle breeds in Yakutia. ИД «Панорама», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/120369.

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Blank, Christopher, Daniel D. Loy et Stephanie L. Hansen. Evaluation of Sorghum Silage as an Alternative Forage in Growing and Finishing Diets on Steer Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Nutrient Digestibility. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-510.

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Lundy, Erika L., Daniel D. Loy et Stephanie L. Hansen. Influence of Distillers Grains from a Cellulosic Ethanol Process Utilizing Corn Kernel Fiber on Nutrient Digestibility of Lambs and Steer Feedlot Performance. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1273.

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Jones, Cassandra, et John F. Patience. Birth Weight and Post-weaning Failure to Thrive Affect Subsequent Growth Performance, but Not Nursery Nutrient Digestibility or Carcass Composition of Pigs. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University, janvier 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-132.

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