Articles de revues : « Digestibility; Nutrients »

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Иванова, Elena Ivanova, Лаврентьев et Anatoliy Lavrentev. « THE DEPENDENCE OF EGG PRODUCTION OF LAYING HENS ON THE COMPOSITION OF ENZYME PREPARATIONS ». Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, n^o 4 (25 décembre 2014) : 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7745.

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Biologically active substances in feeding poultry contribute to replenish nutrients and improve nutrient digestibility of forages. As these are enzyme preparations, which help to increase digestibility of feed nutrients, thereby increasing the egg production of laying hens and egg weight.

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Woyengo, T. A., et C. M. Nyachoti. « Review : Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research ». Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, n^o 1 (mars 2013) : 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-017.

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Woyengo, T. A. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2013. Review: Anti-nutritional effects of phytic acid in diets for pigs and poultry – current knowledge and directions for future research. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 9–21. Plant feedstuffs contain phytic acid (PA), which is a storage form of phosphorus. Phytic acid is, however, poorly hydrolyzed by pigs and poultry, and it has a capacity to complex dietary nutrients, thereby reducing nutrient digestibility. Reduced nutrient digestibility by PA implies reduced efficiency of utilization of the nutrients and increased discharge of the unabsorbed nutrients to the environment. Phytic acid has also recently been shown to increase the endogenous nutrient losses (ENL) in pigs and poultry. Because the increased ENL in the gastrointestinal tract are associated with increased maintenance requirement for the lost nutrients and of energy spent on their secretion, an increase in ENL due to PA implies that there are other adverse effects of PA on nutrient utilization in addition to reducing nutrient digestibility. In this review, the effects of PA on performance of pigs and poultry, and on the digestibility and ENL in these animals are discussed in detail. Also, the mechanisms by which PA reduces nutrient digestibility and increases gastrointestinal ENL in pigs and poultry are discussed, and areas that need further research to gain more insight into these mechanisms are suggested.

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SRIGIRIPURA, CHANDAN VINAY, NAMRATHA PAI KOTEBAGILU et ASNA UROOJ. « In Vitro Starch and Protein Digestibility of Disease Specific Nutrition Formulations ». Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 7, n^o 1 (29 janvier 2019) : 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.7.1.07.

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Nutritional supplements are used in the management of diseases. The composition and form of nutrients in the supplements depend on the altered needs and gastrointestinal function of patients. The nutrition label of the supplements lacks information on the in vitro digestibility of nutrients which ultimately decides the availability of nutrients for absorption. Various factors that influence digestibility and availability include source of the nutrient, gut functionality, processing, physicochemical properties in the food matrix and inter-nutrient interactions. This study aimed at analyzing the in vitro starch and protein digestibility of six commercially available food formulations used in various disease conditions. The starch digestibility index (SDI) ranged from 64.47 ± 1.92 to 82.35 ± 2.71 and rapidly available glucose (RAG) from 26.06 ± 0.61 to 44.23 ± 0.38g per 100g. Dietary fiber content was inversely related with SDI (r - 0.845). The protein digestibility ranged from 41.42 ± 2.67 - 96.84 ± 1.01%. Formulations containing isolated forms of whey, casein and soy protein had a higher digestibility than in combinations. Besides information on the nutrient content, specifying the digestion characteristics of disease specific commercial formulations will help in their judicious use in meeting the nutritional requirements in various disease conditions.

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VanSomeren, L. L., P. S. Barboza, D. P. Thompson et D. D. Gustine. « Monitoring digestibility of forages for herbivores : a new application for an old approach ». Canadian Journal of Zoology 93, n^o 3 (mars 2015) : 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2014-0207.

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Ruminant populations are often limited by how well individuals are able to acquire nutrients for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Nutrient supply to the animal is dictated by the concentration of nutrients in feeds and the efficiency of digesting those nutrients (i.e., digestibility). Many different methods have been used to measure digestibility of forages for wild herbivores, all of which rely on collecting rumen fluid from animals or incubation within animals. Animal-based methods can provide useful estimates, but the approach is limited by the expense of fistulated animals, wide variation in digestibility among animals, and contamination from endogenous and microbial sources that impairs the estimation of nutrient digestibility. We tested an in vitro method using a two-stage procedure using purified enzymes. The first stage, a 6 h acid–pepsin treatment, was followed by a combined 72 h amylase–cellulase or amylase–Viscozyme treatment. We then validated our estimates using in sacco and in vivo methods to digest samples of the same forages. In vitro estimates of dry matter (DM) digestibility were correlated with estimates of in sacco and in vivo DM digestibility (both P < 0.01). The in vitro procedure using Viscozyme (r2 = 0.77) was more precise than the in vitro procedure using cellulase (r2 = 0.59). Both procedures can be used to predict in sacco digestibility after correcting for the biases of each method. We used the in vitro method to measure digestibility of nitrogen (N; 0.07–0.95 g/g), which declined to zero as total N content declined below 0.03–0.06 g/g of DM. The in vitro method is well suited to monitoring forage quality over multiple years because it is reproducible, can be used with minimal investment by other laboratories without animal facilities, and can measure digestibility of individual nutrients such as N.

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Al-Arif, M. Anam, Lucia Tri Suwanti, AT Soelih Estoepangestie et Mirni Lamid. « The Nutrients Contents, Dry Matter Digestibility, Organic Matter Digestibility, Total Digestible Nutrient, and NH3 Rumen Production of Three Kinds of Cattle Feeding Models ». KnE Life Sciences 3, n^o 6 (3 décembre 2017) : 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v3i6.1142.

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In Indonesia, forage is difficult to obtain in the dry season, while the agricultural waste very abundant and potentially pollute the environment. Use of agricultural waste as feed animal is very advantage to obtain cattle nutrients need and alleviate pollution. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutrient quality of fermented complete feed based on soybean straw (CFS), compared with forage (F) or forage and concentrate with 4:1 ratio (FC). Proximate analysis was conducted to three kind of feed, then nutrients digestibility were conducted by in-vitro analyzed. Each kind of feed consisted of 4 replicates. The results showed that CFS had higher ash and crude protein content and less crude fiber than FS and F. CFS had dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) significantly (p< 0.05) higher than F but not significantly different with FC. There are not significantly different of NH3 production among the three kinds of feed. The conclusion was CFS had highest nutrient content. CFS and FC had digestible nutrient that higher than F. The quality of CFS can still be improved by adding N digestible for rumen microbe growth.Key words: complete feed, soybean straw, nutrient digestibility

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Stein, H. H. « Procedures for determining digestibility of amino acids, lipids, starch, fibre, phosphorus, and calcium in feed ingredients fed to pigs ». Animal Production Science 57, n^o 11 (2017) : 2317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17343.

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The proportion of nutrients that is absorbed from the intestinal tract of the pig differs among dietary ingredients; therefore, it would be desirable to determine the proportion of nutrients that is absorbed for each ingredient, but, for practical reasons, values for the digestibility of nutrients in each ingredient are used as predictors of absorption. For amino acids, starch and lipids, ileal digestibility must be determined because nutrients not absorbed in the small intestine will be fermented or changed in the large intestine, which invalidates data for total tract digestibility of these nutrients. For starch, apparent ileal digestibility is a reasonable predictor of its disappearance from the small intestine, but because of endogenous secretions of amino acids and lipids into the small intestine, standardised ileal digestibility of amino acids and true ileal digestibility of fat must be determined. For fibre, total tract digestibility is used to estimate fermentation and subsequent absorption of short-chain fatty acids, but it must be corrected for endogenous secretions. Likewise, for phosphorus and calcium, values for apparent total tract digestibility must be corrected for basal endogenous losses; consequently, standardised total tract digestibility of phosphorus and calcium is calculated and used in diet formulation. These procedures for determining the digestibility of nutrients in feed ingredients make it possible to formulate diets in which concentrations of digestible nutrients can be predicted from values for individual feed ingredients.

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Redka, A., V. Bomko, M. Slomchynskiy, O. Cherniavskiy et S. Babenko. « Digestibility of feed nutrients, nutrient excretion and nutrient retention in broilers under consumption of combined feed with sulfate and zinc-mixed ligand complex ». Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 9, n^o 3 (7 octobre 2019) : 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2019_73.

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Digestibility of the feed nutrients and the chemical elements balance in broiler chickens were studied under use of mixed feed with sulfate and Zink-mixed ligand complex in the physiological experiment that was conducted in the vivarium of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. A tendency to increase the level of feed nutrients digestibility in the experimental groups of broiler chickens consuming mixed fodders with Zinc-mixed ligand complex was revealed in the conducted experiment. The nutrients digestibility indices were the highest in the chickens of the experimental group 3 where Zink-mixed ligand complex was added to the mixed feed. 45, 37.5 and 30 g of the element was added per 1 ton of mixed feed, respectively, for the growing period of 5-21, 22-35 and 36-42 days. The protein digestibility in this group was 89.2, fat - 82.5, fiber - 12.9 and Nitrogen free extractive substances (NFES) - 83.8%. The lowest digestibility indices of the nutrients were in the control group chickens, which, depending on the age, consumed feeds added with Zinc sulfate at doses corresponding to the introduction of 60, 50, and 40 g of the element per 1 ton of feed - 60.8, 80.2, 11.27, and 82.2%, respectively. Indicators of Nitrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, and Zinc deposits in the body were also higher in the chicks of the experimental group 3 consuming the feed with Zink-mixed ligand complex. Feeding the birds with Zinc-mixed ligand complex as a component of mixed feed, in comparison with sulfate, improves the nutrients digestibility and increases the amount of chemical elements deposited in the body, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of the additive.

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Asad, Farkhanda, Samina Qamer, Asma Ashraf, Azhar Rafique, Zunaira Shaheen, Ayesha Nisar et Sidra Javaid. « Apparent nutrient digestibility of carbohydrate (corn) in Cirrhinus mrigala under the influence of chromium chloride hexahydrate ». Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, n^o 3 (septembre 2020) : 518–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.214176.

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Abstract A feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient (%) of gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings for 90 days. Using various levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate six test diets designated as T1 (G/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2 (NG/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3 (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4 (NG/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T5 (G/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6 (NG/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared. Results showed highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients dry matter, crude lipid and gross energy in test diet T5 that was gelatinized and supplemented with chromium 0.4 mg/Kg while, for crude protein higher value of nutrient digestibility was recorded in T3 test diet (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg/Kg). It was concluded that chromium supplementation with gelatinized corn in fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) diet can improve the nutrients digestibility more efficiently.

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Hadi, Rendi Fathoni, Kustantinah Kustantinah et Hari Hartadi. « Penggunaan Teknik In Sacco Mobile Sebagai Estimasi Kecernaan Nutrien Hijauan Pakan Ternak di dalam Intestinum ». Sains Peternakan 14, n^o 2 (26 janvier 2017) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.14.2.12-21.

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This study aims to explore the potential of forage optimally, the degradation rate of forage nutrients are usually given by the farmers at the time in the intestine of a variety of forage fodder. This study used four kinds of forage feed material: Gliricidia leaves (G), Manilkara leaves (S), Ficus leaves (B) and Cocoa leaves (C). This study was observed in intestinal digestibility. The data taken is nutrient digestibility of rumen and intestinal residues include DM, OM and CP. Samples were incubated in the intestine of cattle that canulation intestine with different time intervals, time/point of incubation: 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Samples were incubated in livestock that fistulation intestinal samples of rumen residue. The results showed that the digestibility of nutrients DM, OM and CP respectively forage percentage amount of intestinal digestibility value of feedstuffs in the rumen incubation time of 2-48 hours progressively decreased the percentage of nutrient digestibility. The conclusion of the study when it is time to stay forage in the rumen longer then the more nutrients are degraded by rumen microbes that escapes rumen degradation will be more and more and can be digested in the intestine will be less. Keywords: in sacco mobile, forage, intestine

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Hadi, Rendi Fathoni, Kustantinah Kustantinah et Hari Hartadi. « Penggunaan Teknik In Sacco Mobile Sebagai Estimasi Kecernaan Nutrien Hijauan Pakan Ternak di dalam Intestinum ». Sains Peternakan 14, n^o 2 (26 janvier 2017) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v14i2.4328.

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This study aims to explore the potential of forage optimally, the degradation rate of forage nutrients are usually given by the farmers at the time in the intestine of a variety of forage fodder. This study used four kinds of forage feed material: Gliricidia leaves (G), Manilkara leaves (S), Ficus leaves (B) and Cocoa leaves (C). This study was observed in intestinal digestibility. The data taken is nutrient digestibility of rumen and intestinal residues include DM, OM and CP. Samples were incubated in the intestine of cattle that canulation intestine with different time intervals, time/point of incubation: 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 hours. Samples were incubated in livestock that fistulation intestinal samples of rumen residue. The results showed that the digestibility of nutrients DM, OM and CP respectively forage percentage amount of intestinal digestibility value of feedstuffs in the rumen incubation time of 2-48 hours progressively decreased the percentage of nutrient digestibility. The conclusion of the study when it is time to stay forage in the rumen longer then the more nutrients are degraded by rumen microbes that escapes rumen degradation will be more and more and can be digested in the intestine will be less. Keywords: in sacco mobile, forage, intestine

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Pina, Douglas dos Santos, Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho, José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo, Analívia Martins Barbosa, Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares et Edenio Detmann. « Effects of inclustion and exposition times of sugar cane to calcium oxide on the physiologic and digestive parameters of Nellore heifers ». Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, n^o 7 (juillet 2010) : 1579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000700026.

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It was aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion and times of sugar cane exposition to whitewash on intake and total and partial digestibility of nutrients and ruminal parameters and to compare titanium dioxide and chromium oxide as markers to estimate fecal dry matter excretion and dry matter abomasal flow. It was used six rumen and abomasum cannulated Nellore females, with average body weight of 250 ± 19 kg, distributed in an incomplete 6 x 6 latin square design. The experiment was set in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme with three levels of whitewash (0; 0.5 or 1.0% natural matter) and two times of sugar cane storage (0 and 3 days). There was no effect of storage times neither interaction among levels of whitewash and storage times on the intake of nutrients. However, levels of whitewash linearly increased consumption of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and non-fibrous carbohidrates (NFC).Storage times reduced total apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), but they did influence ruminal apparent digestibility of the nutrients. The inclusion of whitewash increased the consumption of total digestible nutrients (TDN), but it did not affect total digestibility and ruminal digestibility of the nutrients. The markers produced similar results for the estimates of total and ruminal apparent digestibility of all the evaluated nutrients. Interactions for ruminal pH were observed. However, values of amonical nitrogen were only influenced by sampling times. Addition of whitewash does not affect preservation of sugarcane, but it positively influences consumption of DM, OM, and TDN of the animals. The markers produced similar estimative to total tract and ruminal apparent digestibility of all nutrients. Titanium dioxide and chromium oxide markers produce similar estimates of digestibility.

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Gollcher, Augusta Martins Romaniello, José Augusto de Freitas Lima, Elias Tadeu Fialho, Paulo Borges Rodriges et Renato Ribeiro de Lima. « Comparison between two methods for estimating the digestibility of starch and other nutrients in high moisture sorghum grain silage in horses ». Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, n^o 6 (juin 2010) : 1252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000600013.

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It was carried out two assays with the purpose of evaluating the mobile nylon bag technique and the method of total feces collection method in the estimative of the apparent digestibility of starch and other nutrients in high moisture sorghum grain silages in horses. Four adult horses of mixed origin at the age of 7 years and average body weight of 330 kg were used. In the first assay, the digestibility of the nutrients in the silage of high moisture sorghum grain with low level of tannin was evaluated by utilizing the total feces collection and the mobile nylon bag technique with silage samples ground in three particle sizes. In the second assay, the two methods were used for estimating the digestibility of the nutrients of the silage of high moisture sorghum grain with high level of tannin. A randomized block experimental design was used, considering each animal as a block. The disappearance of the nutrients, in the naylon bag, of the samples of the high moisture sorghum grain silages ground in three particle sizes of 1, 8 and 13 mm was also evaluated in laboratory. Daily dry matter intake was 2.0% of the body weight and test diets were made up of 30% of high moisture sorghum grain silages and 70% of coast-cross hay. The coefficients of dry matter digestibility, energy and protein of both silages were similar among the total feces collection method and the mobile nylon bag technique when 8-mm feed samples were used. The coefficient of starch digestibility was similar among the methods when sorghum samples were ground at 1 mm in the mobile nylon bag technique. Reduced particle size increased the nutrient losses of the nylon bags after washing in water. The mobile nylon bag technique allows to estimate the digestibility coefficient of nutrients, however, further studies for evaluation of particle size of the samples should be conducted.

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Silvestre, Tainá, Marina A. Lima, Gustavo B. dos Santos, Luiz G. R. Pereira, Fernanda S. Machado, Thierry R. Tomich, Mariana M. Campos et al. « Effects of Feeding Level and Breed Composition on Intake, Digestibility, and Methane Emissions of Dairy Heifers ». Animals 11, n^o 3 (24 février 2021) : 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030586.

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The dairy Nutrients Requirements of Cattle (NRC) was developed using data from purebred Holsteins and it might not accurately predict the performance of crossbred cattle. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of two feeding levels (FLs) and three breed compositions (BCs) on nutrient intake, digestibility, performance, and methane (CH4) emissions of prepubertal dairy heifers. We used thirty-six heifers from three BCs: purebred Holstein (H), purebred Gyr (G), and F1 Holstein × Gyr (HG). Each BC had 12 animals and the experiment was designed as twelve incomplete three by three Latin squares, in a factorial arrangement three by two, with three BCs and two FLs (400 and 800 g/day). Total tract nutrient digestibility was determined using total fecal collection and DMI was individually measured. The data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED in SAS. Dry matter intake of all nutrients increased from the medium to high feeding level and the nutrients digestibility coefficients did differ among BCs. Achieved body weight gain in the medium FL treatment was greater than those predicted using the NRC, suggesting that crossbred and Gyr heifers have similar performance to Holsteins. Breed composition does not influence body weight gain of confined dairy heifers, but Holstein heifers fed a medium FL had higher feed efficiency and reduced CH4 emissions intensity.

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Garcia, Ricardo M., Gabriel Arruda, Rhuan Chaves, Charles Ribeiro, Melissa Mendes et Vinícius S. Cantarelli. « PSIV-2 Digestibility evaluation of fermented soybean for nursery piglets ». Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (juillet 2019) : 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.324.

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Abstract Anti-nutritional factors (ANF) and antigenic proteins present in soybean meal (SBM) limit its application in piglet diets. Therefore, protein sources of high biological value are used as an alternative to replace SBM, which became the pre-initial feed the most expensive diet in pork production. The main problems caused by the presence of ANF are related to poor digestion, absorption and nutrient utilization resulting in increased diarrhea, intestinal inflammation, and consequent lower growth performance. ANF in soybean might be inactivated through heat treatment but also, it may reduce the availability of some amino acids when overheated. The process of fermentation may enhance the nutritional value of soybean by increasing the bioavailability of nutrients and reducing ANF. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrients digestibility of fermented soybeans for nursery piglets. Twenty pigs (barrows), initial weight of 11 kg, were housed in metabolic cages and had their feces and urine collected for analysis. Piglets were assigned in ten replicates and two experimental diets, basal diet and fermented soybean diet (80% of the basal diet and 20% of the fermented soybean). The total amount fed was determined based on metabolic weight parameters. Ferric oxide was used as a fecal marker. The coefficient of digestibility was used to estimate the nutritional value trough analyzing dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), calcium digestibility (CD), phosphorus digestibility (PD), digestible energy (DE) and, metabolizable energy (ME). The digestibility coefficients were 91.02% for DMD; 93.74% for CPD; 76.10% for CD; 54.62% for PD; and 86.73% for DE. ME was determined in 3589 kcal kg-1. Crude protein was determined in 59.64%. The nutritional profile of the fermented soybean shows a great potential to be used in initial diets of piglets due to their high level of nutrients digestibility.

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Tsoy, Zoya, Yuri Nikulin et Olga Nikulina. « Effect of marine feed additions on the digestibility of poultry nutrients ». E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020) : 06022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021006022.

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Poultry farming is one of the most important branch of animal husbandry. Poultry is very sensitive to a lack of protein, vitamins, microelements and macroelements. The lack of these substances is very bad for the health, development, growth and productivity of poultry. Primorsky Krai is rich in seafood, which is extracted in large quantities. In the process of processing seafood, a large amount of waste remains, which could be used for feed purposes, for feeding farm animals and poultry. The use of seafood waste would solve the problem with a nutrient deficiency in the diets of poultry. The digestibility of feed nutrients is a secondary indicator of their nutritional value. The better the nutrients are digested in the animal's body, the more nutritious the food is. In our research work, we studied the influence of marine hydrobionts on the digestibility of dietary nutrients.

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Onyango, C. A., S. O. Ochanda, M. A. Mwasaru, J. K. Ochieng, F. M. Mathooko et J. N. Kinyuru. « Effects of Malting and Fermentation on Anti-Nutrient Reduction and Protein Digestibility of Red Sorghum, White Sorghum and Pearl Millet ». Journal of Food Research 2, n^o 1 (15 janvier 2013) : 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v2n1p41.

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Sorghum and millet and their products require specialized treatment in order to improve their nutritive value, organoleptic properties and shelf-life. They contain anti-nutrients which are the major phytochemicals which negatively affects their nutritive values. The phytochemicals of concern include tannins and phytates, which interfere with mineral absorption, palatability and protein digestibility. Malting and fermentation treatments were applied to reduce the anti-nutrients, improve protein digestibility, and acidity to increase the products shelf life. The effects of malting and fermentation on the cereals nutritive value and anti-nutrient reduction were studied and evaluated for a period of 8 days. A treatment combining malting for 3 days and fermentation for 2 days respectively both at room temperatures (25°C) was employed. Tannins and phytates were significantly reduced (p ? 0.05) by malting and fermentation. Protein digestibility was significantly (p ? 0.05) improved by malting and fermentation treatments; malted cereals digestibility ranged between 34.5-68.1% while the fermented flours protein digestibility range was 97.4-98.3%. The pH values were lowered to below 4.0, a level at which they could effectively inhibit spoilage microorganisms at the end of the fermentation period. A combination of optimum time treatments of malting and fermentation for 3 days and 2 days respectively were effective in reducing tannins and phytates and improving protein digestibility of the cereals.

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Niu, Qing, Pinghua Li, Shuaishuai Hao, Sung Kim, Taoran Du, Jindi Hua et Ruihua Huang. « Characteristics of Gut Microbiota in Sows and Their Relationship with Apparent Nutrient Digestibility ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n^o 4 (18 février 2019) : 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040870.

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The gut microbiota plays important roles in animal health and nutrient digestibility. The characteristics of gut microbiota population in grower pigs and their correlation with apparent nutrient digestibility were assessed in previous study. Here we studied characteristics of intestinal microbiota of sows and analyzed their relationships with apparent nutrient (ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF)) digestibility. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla, approximately 73% of the total sequences. Treponema, Oscillibacter and Lactobacillus were the most dominant generas, more than 49% of the total sequences. The microbiota of sows clustered separately from the microbiota of grower pigs at the age of D28 D60, D90 and D150. The abundance of Clostridium and Turicibacter was positively correlated with apparent EE digestibility. The abundance of Anaerofustis and Robinsoniella in sow fecal samples was positively correlated with apparent CF digestibility. The abundance of Collinsella and Sutterella was positively correlated with apparent NDF digestibility. The abundance of Clostridium, Collinsella, Robinsoniella and Turicibacter was positively correlated with apparent ADF digestibility. Sows have their unique gut microbial structure compared with grower pigs and some of them participate in the digestive process of different nutrients.

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Cabral, A. M. D., F. F. R. Carvalho, G. C. L. Santos, J. C. Ferreira, M. J. M. S. Silva, G. R. A. Santos, G. S. Belo Júnior et N. D. Melo. « Use of sugar cane to feed lactating dairy goats ». Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, n^o 6 (décembre 2020) : 2297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12022.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane in the diet of lactating Saanen goats and to determine their intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, milk yield and composition. The experimental diets were composed of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of substitution in dry matter (DM). Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, with an average body weight of 45.2kg, average milk yield of 3.0kg day-1, distributed in a triple latin square experimental design (4 × 4) were used. The dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were estimated through the difference between the total nutrient in the food offered and its total in the leftovers. The DMI, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients were not influenced, but the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF decreased. Feeding time and feeding efficiency were not influenced, the rumination and total chewing times increased, and the leisure time decreased, both linearly. Milk yield was not influenced by substitution levels, but corrected milk yield to 3.5% fat decreased. Sugar cane represents a dietary alternative for goats with medium milk yield in critical periods of forage, since it does not change the consumption of DM and milk yield, even with the apparent declining digestibility of some nutrients, influencing the ingestive behavior of the animals.

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Borisova, Praskovya Prokopyevna, Natalya Аfanasyevna Nikolaeva et Nyurgustana Mikhaylovna Alekseeva. « The use of energy-feed additives in diets of the simmental breed heifers in Central Yakutia ». Agrarian Scientific Journal, n^o 9 (24 septembre 2019) : 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i9pp31-37.

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The article presents the results of experience in the use of energy-saturated feed additives in the diets of young older than a year. The study proved the positive effect of the use of energy-saturated feed additives in the diets of young older than a year on the digestibility and absorption of nutrients, improvement of blood biochemical parameters. The use of energy-saturated feed additives contributed to better digestibility and nutrient utilization of diets. The study of feed consumption and energy use prove the feasibility of feeding energy-saturated feed additives in the diets of young older than a year and thereby activated the metabolic processes in the body in the stall period and improved the use of nutrients feed.

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Loučka, R., Y. Tyrolová, F. Jančík, P. Kubelková, P. Homolka et V. Jambor. « Variation for in vivo digestibility in two maize hybrid silages ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 63, No. 1 (6 décembre 2017) : 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2017-cjas.

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The experiment was aimed at confirming that silages made of two very similar hybrids could have different in vivo digestibility, primarily amylase-treated neutral detergent fibre digestibility (aNDFD), which could strongly influence the result of the calculation of energy value of fodder. Both the stay-green whole-plant types were grown at the same locality during two years and harvested at the same days at two-thirds milk line maturity. In the two subsequent years, silages without preservatives were made of both hybrids tested. All silages were fermented for 90 days. The in vivo digestibility of silages was measured in digestion trials with six sheep. All silages had good fermentation quality, and no differences in that regard were found between hybrids or years (P > 0.05). Hybrid had stronger effect than year on all indicators of chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients other than dry matter (DM). Hybrid significantly affected all indicators measuring chemical composition and digestibility of nutrients other than DM (P = 0.18). The aNDFD was closely correlated with all other measures of nutrients digestibility (P < 0.01). The results confirm the importance of breeding hybrids and analyzing silages for aNDFD.

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Adamu, H. Y., A. M. Bolakale, S. B. Abdu, M. R. Hassan, M. Kabir, S. M. Yashim, L. Adam et T. A. Ibrahim. « Effect of supplementing wheat offal with varied graded levels of sugarcane scrapping on utilisation of sorghum panicle fed Red Sokoto buck Keyw ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 44, n^o 5 (31 décembre 2020) : 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v44i5.1278.

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Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

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Saka, A. A., R. K. Adekunjo, S. O. Odukoya, K. B. Jinadu et O. A. Awodele. « Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf goats fed diets containing graded levels of alkaline treated malted sorghum sprout ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, n^o 3 (17 décembre 2020) : 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.166.

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A twelve-week trial was conducted to determine the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed diets containing graded levels of alkaline treated malted sorghum sprout (AMSP) using Panicum maximum as the basal diet. A total number of sixteen (16) WAD goats with an average live weight; 5.8 ± 0.6 kg were allotted on weight equalization into four (4) dietary treatments consisting of four goats per treatments in a completely randomized design. Four (4) diets were formulated to contain 0, 20, 40 and 60% AMSP. Data was collected on nutrients intake, digestibility and Nitrogen utilization parameters. Significant difference (P<0.05) were observed in all the nutrient intake parameters observed except for dry matter intake. Goats fed 40% AMSP recorded the highest total ash intake (27.01%), total acid detergent fibre (11.46%) and total cellulose intake (83.13%) compared with other dietary treatments. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in all the nutrient digestibility parameters except the ether extract, ash, cellulose and hemicellulose. The highest Ash (66.16%), cellulose (82.47%) and hemicellulose (82.26%) contents were obtained in goats fed 40% AMSP. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the Nitrogen metabolism variables observed except total nitrogen intake and nitrogen balance. Goats fed 40% AMSP based diet recorded the highest Nitrogen retention (62.18%). It can therefore be concluded that 40% AMSP can be used as potential sources of supplements in ruminants feed most especially during dry season as it enhanced nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance.

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Várhegyi, I., J. Várhegyi et L. Rózsa. « The relationship of cell wall content and cell wall degradation rates measured in situ to digestibility depression of forages given to wether sheep ». BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998) : 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033036.

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The fractional rate of digestion as compared with the rate of passage can determine the extent of digestion in the digestive tract and the amount of potentially digestible matter escaping digestion (Van Soest, 1982). The lower the rate of digestion or the higher the rate of passage, the more nutrients escape digestion. The effect of rate of passage is higher for food components with slow rates of digestion such as neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) (Mertens, 1985). Increasing feeding level is associated with higher rate of passage, lower residence time in the rumen and decreased digestibility of nutrients. Digestibility depression is considered in several energy evaluation systems (van Es et al., 1978; Moe, 1981; Agricultural and Food Research Council, 1993 etc.) although most of the systems use a standard percentage discounting energy value, regardless of foods or nutrient components. Studies (Tyrell and Moe, 1975) showed that digestibility depression is higher for cell wall than cell solubles, whilst El Khidir and Thomsen (1983) reported that digestibility depression of cell walls was responsible for proportionately 0-7 of the observed decrease in digestibility. Mertens (1985) reported that energy discount factors can be related to NDF content and total digestible nitrogen value of foods. Ørskov (1996) recommended prediction of food potential of both energy value and intake from degradation characteristics.

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Kahraman, O., et F. İnal. « Comparison of digestibility parameters of commercial dry dog foods with different contents ». Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, n^o 2 (mars 2021) : 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12167.

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ABSTRACT This study was aimed to evaluate and compare the nutrient digestibility of grain-inclusive and grain-free commercial dry dog foods using the method of total fecal collection and also explore their effects on fecal consistency. 21 different foods, including 14 grain-inclusive (7 grain-chicken meat, 7 grain-lamb meat) and 7 grain-free were investigated. 12 adult Golden retriever dogs (age 3-4 years, body weight=22.5±1.7kg) were divided into 3 groups. The results of digestibility trials indicated that the grain-lamb meat foods showed the highest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude fiber. Overall, in the grain-inclusive and grain-free group evaluation, grain-inclusive foods showed higher digestibility of crude fibers while grain-free foods had higher ether extract digestibility whereas the differences in the scores of fecal consistencies between the groups were insignificant. Contrary to popular belief, grain-inclusive foods were more digestive than grain-free foods in terms of dry matter and organic matter. There are studies involving starch sources in the dog food formulations, but there is a need to study the digestibility of complete dog food to supply them with adequate nutrients. Also, each diet should be assessed based on its overall nutrient profile and digestibility rather than individual ingredients.

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Wea, Redempta, I. Gusti Komang Oka Wirawan et Bernadete Barek Koten. « Kecernaan Nutrien pada Babi Lokal Periode Pertumbuhan yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Biji Asam Biokonversi Spontan (NUTRIENTS DIGESTIBILITY IN GROWING LOCAL PIG FED WITH DIET COMPOSED OF SPONTENOUS BIOCONVERTED-TAMARIND SEED) ». Jurnal Veteriner 18, n^o 4 (23 janvier 2018) : 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.4.610.

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A research aimed to evaluate nutrients digestibility in growing local male pig fed spontaneous bioconverted-tamarind seed has been done in animal feed technology laboratory of Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic.The research used 25 local male grower pigs with body weight around 3-6 kg. The study used a randomized block design with five treatments, i.e. R0 = ration using tamarind seeds without bioconversion, R1 = ration using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 24 hours, R2 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 48 hours, R3 = rations using bioconversion tamarinds spontaneous for 72 hours, and R4 = rations using spontaneous bioconversion tamarinds for 96 hours. Each treatment was repeated five times in which each of them used five pigs. Parameters observed were nutrient digestibility (dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash). The data were analyzed by using variance and continued by Duncan’s multiple range test to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the time of spontaneous bioconversion of tamarind seeds increased the digestibility of tamarind seed nutrients and it was concluded that the best time of spontaneous bioconversion was for 72 hours.

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Mykytyuk, V., T. Vasilenko, O. Orischuk, S. Tsap et I. Porotikova. « Peculiarities of nutrient digestibility of rations of pregnant ewes with the additional introduction of cobalt ». 145, n^o 2 (27 décembre 2018) : 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9289-2018-145-2-24-31.

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The results of studies on the effect of various doses of cobalt with an optimized level of sulfur in rations of Askanian meat-and-wool ewes on digestibility of nutrients of consumed feed and digestibility of the studied mineral elements are presented. It was established that the level of nutrient digestibility of rations was higher in ewes of the experimental groups, which, to the generally accepted norm, were additionally injected with cobalt chloride in the amount of 10 %, which was equal 0.825 mg, 20 % – 0.900 mg, and 30 % – 0.975 mg per head per day . As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the ewes of the second experimental group differed in the highest indices of digestibility of nutrients of the ration, which increased the rate of cobalt by 10 %. The additional introduction of 20 % and 30 % cobalt to the basic ration did not contribute to a further increase in the digestibility factors of nutrients in the body of ewes of the experimental groups. The research has shown that the uptake of cobalt by experimental ewes increased as this element increased in the rations. Thus, 0.31 mg of cobalt was assimilated by the ewes of the second experimental group, which is 0.06 mg or 20.0 % higher compared to the control group; to the third-group of ewes by 0.07 mg or 28.0 % and to the fourth-group ewes by 0,08 mg or 32.0 % compared with analogues of the control group. However, when calculating these indicators in relative terms, it was established that the highest percentage of cobalt absorbed from that received was in the ewes of the second experimental group. Their advantage relative to the control group was 4.60 % (P <0.01), and III and IV experimental groups – 2.11 and 0.19 absolute percent.

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Ikhatua, U. J., et F. O. Olubajo. « Feed Intake and Nutrient Utilization by Three Breeds of Cattle ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 8, n^o 1 (13 janvier 2021) : 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v8i1.2512.

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Two feeding and digestibility trials were carried out to investigate the effects of groundnut cake (GNC) supplementation on feed intake, DM digestibility, nutrient utilization and liveweight gain of three breeds of cattle fed on all-roughage rations (hay and fresh grass) of Cynodon nlemfuensis var robustus. The results showed a decrease in mean DM intake of the basal ration by approximately 13.14%; 1.9% and 6.4% and an increase in total dry matter intake (basal + GNC supplement) of approximately 0.42%), 11.56% and 11.04% for the indigenous, crosses and exotic animals respectively. The results also showed non-significent increases in the apparent digestibilities of the nutrients. Both the total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) kg/W0.75 and Metabolizable Energy (ME) Kcal/W0.75 intake by the three breeds of cattle were increased with supplementation and mean daily liveweight increased by 18.92%, 13.15% and 16.27% respectively.

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Otoni, Iana Mara Medeiros, Janaina Lima Da Silva, Karina Guimaraes Ribeiro, Odilon Gomes Pereira, Thiago Carvalho Da Silva, Luiz Fernando Costa e Siva et Sebastiao de Campos Valadares Filho. « Grass and Legume Hays for Sheep : Intake, in vivo Digestibility, and in situ Degradability ». Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, n^o 3 (8 août 2021) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i3.18588.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake, in vivo digestibility, and in situ degradability of different cultivars of hay (i.e., [Jiggs] and [Tifton-85] bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) and [alfalfa] (Medicago sativa) and [stylo] Campo Grande (Stylosanthes sp.)) and nitrogen balance in sheep. We used eight rumen-cannulated F1 Santa Ines × Dorper castrated male sheep with body weights of 35.0 kg in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experimental design. The intake and total apparent digestibility of nutrients were higher (P<0.05) for alfalfa than for stylo hay. The in vivo dry matter (DM) digestibility of Jiggs (47.6%), Tifton-85 (53.4%), stylo (29.3%), and alfalfa (53.2%) hays and in situ DM degradability were equivalent in the range of 7.6 to 63.2 h of degradation. The in vivo neutral detergent fiber (NDFap) digestibility of Jiggs (53.7%), Tifton-85 (64.4%), stylo (42.2%), alfalfa (56.2%), and in situ NDFap degradability were equivalent from 37.3 h. Nitrogen balance was negative only in animals fed stylo hay. Alfalfa hay provides a higher nutrient intake than other hays. The alfalfa and bermuda grass hays used in sheep diets presented better digestibility than stylo hay. The results are suitable to predict in vivo digestibility from in situ degradability parameters.

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Terzeman, D., et O. Karunskyi. « DETERMINATION OF MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF «BLAGOVARSKY» CROSS DUCKS ». Grain Products and Mixed Fodder’s 20, n^o 4 (16 juin 2021) : 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/gpmf.v20i4.2017.

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Feeding is the main condition for high productivity of ducks. It provides the need for metabolizable energy and nutrients according to modern standards. Ducks have an increased need for arginine, histidine, tryptophan, glycine, threonine and valine, therefore much attention is paid to the amino acid composition of feed in normalizing feeding. It is also important to consider the level of digestibility of the proposed feed. The feed nutrients digestibility depends on various factors and therefore varies considerably.Optimal ratios of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, etc. in the diet contribute to a high level of digestibility. The level of fiber and protein significantly affects the digestibility of nutrients in the feed. Increasing the amount of fiber (especially rich in lignin) reduces the digestibility of fiber and other nutrients. Essential influence on the nutrients digestibility is caused by the available protein content in the feed and its ratio with carbohydrates and fats. In this regard, the protein ratio of feed is determined. The protein ratio shows how many parts of digested nitrogen-free nutrients account for each part of digested protein.In addition, the feed preparation for feeding has a positive effect on their digestibility (moisturizing, enriching, grinding, steaming and others). The nutrients digestibility is also affected by different levels of macro-, micronutrients and vitamins in the feed. Increasing the feed nutrients digestibility is an important factor in reducing their costs, the cost of livestock products and improving the economic efficiency of the industry. Young ducks are characterized by precocity and high growth rate. At the age of 7 weeks, the live weight of hybrid young ducks is 3.2 – 3.4 kg, and during this period the initial weight increases more than 60 times at a feed consumption per 1 kg gain of 2.8 - 3.0 kg and average daily gain 64 - 68 g.The positive effect of the use of the developed vitamin-mineral premix in the compound feed composition on the meat productivity of “Blagovarsky” cross ducks has been determined. It was determined that from the third week of growing the live weight of young ducks of the experimental group was higher of analogues of the control group for 3,2 %. Analysis the main indicators of young ducks productivity showed that the bird of the experimental group exceeded analogues in the following periods of growth: 0 - 7 days, 15 - 21 days, 29 - 35 days, 36 - 42 days, 43 - 49 days.Survival rate of young ducks was at a high level in the range of 97 – 99.5 % for the entire period of growing in both groups. Starting from the 4th week of growing, the survival rate decreased slightly in the control group and amounted to 99.1, which is 0,2 % less than in the experimental group. The increased concentration of premix in the compound feed for the young ducks of the experimental group help to improve their slaughter qualities in comparison with the control group.

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Zita, L., E. Tůmová, V. Skřivanová et Z. Ledvinka. « The effect of weaning age on performance and nutrient digestibility of broiler rabbits ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 52, No. 10 (7 janvier 2008) : 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2341-cjas.

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The effect of weaning age on growth, feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, carcass yield, mortality and parasite incidence was studied in a balance experiment. Forty Hyplus® rabbits proceeding from a commercial rabbitry were assigned to four groups of 10 rabbits according to weaning age at 25, 28, 31 and 35 days. The experimental diet had 17.03% crude protein, 4.66% fat and 18.30% crude fibre. Feed and water were available ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, at 84 days of age, six rabbits per group were slaughtered. In the experiment, most results of performance were not significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by weaning age. Only the rabbits weaned at 25 days of age had higher live weight (P ≤ 0.05) at the age of 35 days (996, 986, 971 and 910 g, respectively), but at the end of the experiment we did not find any differences between groups. Higher digestibility of nutrients was recorded in the second collection period. In the first collection period the digestibility of nutrients was higher in rabbits weaned at 25 days of age in comparison with the other groups. No differences between groups in the digestibility of nutrients were observed in the second period. The age of weaning did not influence carcass characteristics. Dressing percentage was insignificantly higher in rabbits weaned at 25 and 35 days of age (53.11 and 53.07%, respectively) in comparison with rabbits weaned at 28 and 31 days of age (50.89 and 52.67%, respectively). There was no significant effect of weaning age on mortality. The incidence of Eimeria ssp. was the highest after weaning in rabbits at the age of 35 days.

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Geron, Luiz Juliano Valério, Fabiana Gomes da Costa, Silvia Cristina de Aguiar, Jocilaine Garcia, Matheus Gonçalves Ribeiro, Lúcia Maria Zeoula, Ana Paula da Silva, Sheslei Ribeiro Pereira et Roberto Martins Silveira. « In vitro and in vivo nutrient digestibility in sheep of rations with and without residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp ». Semina : Ciências Agrárias 36, n^o 6Supl2 (16 décembre 2015) : 4507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6supl2p4507.

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This study evaluated the digestibility of nutrients by, and parameters associated with, in vitro fermentation using different inocula (sheep ruminal fluid and feces) as well as the in vivo digestibility in sheep that were fed rations with 50% concentrate containing either no (0%) residue from the extraction of tamarind pulp (RETP) or 15% RETP. To determine the in vitro digestibility (IVD) of nutrients, two sheep, weighing 40.38 ± 2.10 kg, were used as inoculum donors. To determine the in vivo digestibility of nutrients, we used four sheep and a 3×2 factorial experimental design, with three methods of digestion of nutrients and two experimental rations (0% and 15% RETP). The variables were subjected to analysis of variance and the variables that showed differences at 5% probability were further analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% significance. The IVD using different inocula did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from the in vivo digestibility in sheep for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The different methods for determining nutrient digestibility did not affect (p>0.05) the digestibility of DM, OM, crude protein (CP), NDF, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in rations with 0% and 15% RETP. However, the IVD of CP for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP incubated with both inocula was lower (p<0.05) than the CP digestibility in vivo. The in vivo digestibility of ADF for rations containing 0% and 15% RETP was higher (P<0.05) than the IVD using sheep ruminal fluid and feces as inocula. The pH values and concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) after in vitro incubation for 24 h and the in vivo assay were not different (p>0.05) for the rations containing 0% and 15% RETP, but the pH and NH3-N of both fermented and rumen contents differed (p<0.05) depending on the inocula used and the in vivo assay. In summary, the digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF can be determined by the in vitro fermentation method using the ruminal fluid or feces of sheep as inocula in rations containing 0% or 15% RETP. However, in vitro fermentation is not a suitable method for the determination of pH and NH3-N concentration.

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Ogunade, Ibukun M., Andres A. Pech-Cervantes et Devan M. Compart. « PSVI-3 Effects of dietary supplementation of multi-species direct-fed microbial products on energy status, apparent nutrient digestibility, and rumen metatranscriptome of beef steers ». Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (3 novembre 2020) : 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.759.

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Abstract This study evaluated the effects of two different multi-strain direct-fed microbial products on energy status, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal metatranscriptome of beef steers. Nine rumen-cannulated Holstein steers were assigned to 3 treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were (1) CON (basal diet without additive), (2) PROB (basal diet plus 19 g/d of Commence), and (3) SYNB (basal diet plus 28 g/d of RX3). Commence is a blend of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and L. casei. RX3 is a blend of S. cerevisiae and the fermentation products of S. cerevisiae, Enterococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus subtilis. Rumen fluid (for metatranscriptomics analysis) and blood samples (for analysis of plasma glucose and non-esterified fatty acid) were collected on d 21 of each period. From d 16 – 20, TMR and fecal samples were collected daily to determine apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients using indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) method. The data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. The model included the effects of treatment, period, and random effects of cow and square. There were no effects on DMI and non-esterified fatty acid. Compared with CON, steers fed either additives had greater (P = 0.02) plasma glucose concentrations. Results of metatranscriptome analysis revealed no differentially expressed functional genes among the treatments. Apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients were also similar among treatments. These results demonstrated that supplemental PROB and SYNB improved the plasma glucose concentration, but had no effects on the functional capacity of the ruminal microbiome and apparent digestibility of nutrients in beef steers.

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AGANGA, A. A., O. ALABL et M. MOMOH. « EFFECT OF WATER DEPRIVATION ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN RETENTION, AND WATER EXCRETION IN YANKASA SHEEP AND MARADI GOATS ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 15 (5 janvier 2021) : 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v15i.1223.

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The effects of various lengths of water deprivation on nutrient digestibility were studied with Yankasa sheep and Maradi goats fed on a diet consisting grass hay (Andropogon gayanus) and 40% concentrate. The water-restricted animals consumed less dry matter than normally-watered animals. The digestibility coefficients of the different nutrients were apparently though not significantly higher in water-restricted animals. Mean faecal and urinal nitrogen excretion reduced with water deprivation. Faecal moisture content and urine output reduced with water deprivation. Maradi goats conserved water better than Yankasa sheep by producing drier faeces, and less- urine volume.

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Nitrayová, S., P. Patráš, M. Brestenský, J. Zelenka, J. Brož et J. Heger. « Effect of microbial phytase and diet fermentation on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy in growing pigs ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 4 (17 avril 2009) : 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1743-cjas.

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A digestibility experiment using six ileally cannulated growing gilts (initial BW 31.6 kg) was carried out to study the effect of microbial phytase and diet form on apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca) and energy and on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids. The basal P-deficient diet was fed either dry or mixed with water (feed:water ratio 1:2.5) and fermented in a laboratory setup. The enzyme was added to the dry diet at four levels (0, 1 000, 1 500 and 3 000 U/kg) and to the liquid fermented diet at two levels (0 and 1 000 U/kg) using a 6 × 6 Latin square design. The supplementation of microbial phytase to the basal diets significantly (P < 0.05) improved ileal and total tract digestibility of P and tended to improve the digestibility of Ca. Phytase supplementation at 3 000 U/kg to the dry diet improved ileal and total tract P digestibility by approximately 30 and 60%, respectively. A similar effect was found in the liquid fermented diet supplemented with phytase at 1 000 U/kg. As a result of improved P digestibility, faecal P excretion was reduced by 20–40%. There was no significant effect of phytase addition or diet fermentation on the digestibility of DM, N, energy or amino acids. The response in amino acid digestibility to phytase calculated with acid insoluble ash as a marker was slightly higher than that calculated with Cr2O3.

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Levytskyy, T. R. « INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL FEED ADDITIVE ON DIGESTIVENESS OF FEED NUTRIENTS IN CHICKEN BROILERS ». Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, n^o 1 (1 juin 2020) : 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.16.

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A study of the effectiveness of the use of feed additive Liatoxil in vivo in broiler chickens to study the ability of feed additives to improve digestion and affect the digestibility of nutrients. For research was formed on the principle of analogues -day age. Feeding of the control group was carried out with standard feed. Feeding of the experimental group was carried out with standard feed, in which the feed additive Liatoxil was added at the rate of 2 g / kg. The calculation of the digestibility of nutrients of the experimental and control feed was determined by their content in the feed and manure in terms of absolutely dry matter. It is established that the studied feed additive has a positive effect on the digestibility of feed nutrients. As a result of the use of feed additive Liatoxil, the digestibility of organic matter increased by 2.8 % compared to the control. The coefficient of protein digestibility in animals of the experimental group exceeded this indicator of the control group by 4.2 % and was 93.3 % against 89.1 % in the control. The digestibility of crude fat in poultry of the experimental group was 77.8 % and also exceeded by 2.0 % the value of the control group, which was 75.8 %. The studied feed additive did not significantly affect the digestibility of crude fiber, which was 23.3 % in the control and 23.5 % in the experiment. At the same time, the obtained data show that in the animals of the experimental group the digestibility of nitrogen-free extractives was 87.5 %, which is 2.8 % higher than this indicator of the control group.

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Holland, Claire, Peter Ryden, Cathrina H. Edwards et Myriam M. L. Grundy. « Plant Cell Walls : Impact on Nutrient Bioaccessibility and Digestibility ». Foods 9, n^o 2 (16 février 2020) : 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020201.

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Cell walls are important structural components of plants, affecting both the bioaccessibility and subsequent digestibility of the nutrients that plant-based foods contain. These supramolecular structures are composed of complex heterogeneous networks primarily consisting of cellulose, and hemicellulosic and pectic polysaccharides. The composition and organization of these different polysaccharides vary depending on the type of plant tissue, imparting them with specific physicochemical properties. These properties dictate how the cell walls behave in the human gastrointestinal tract, and how amenable they are to digestion, thereby modulating nutrient release from the plant tissue. This short narrative review presents an overview of our current knowledge on cell walls and how they impact nutrient bioaccessibility and digestibility. Some of the most relevant methods currently used to characterize the food matrix and the cell walls are also described.

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Silva, Rafael Lopes da, Eric Portilho de Araújo, Mariucha Karina Honório Ribeiro Rocha, Flavia Mota Damasceno, Jakeline Marcela Azambuja de Freitas, Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori, Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles, Margarida Maria Barros et Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato. « Diet components as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients for Nile tilapia ». Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, n^o 6 (juin 2017) : 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000600003.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the diet components - crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin - as internal indicators in the determination of the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, gross energy, and of the nutrients - crude protein, phosphorus, and amino acids - in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Groups of ten juveniles (80.3±1 g) were randomly distributed in six tanks of 250 L and fed two practical diets, either of a plant-origin diet or of a plant- and animal-origin diet. Both diets were supplemented with 0.1% chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3). Faeces were collected by the modified Guelph system. The apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by the content difference of the internal indicators, present in the diets and faeces, and compared by Dunnett’s test to those obtained by the use of Cr2O3. Cellulose was effective in the determination of the apparent digestibility of dry matter, energy, and nutrients of both experimental diets; and the acid detergent fiber was effective only for the diet composed exclusively of plant-origin ingredients. The use of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, and lignin as digestibility indicators was inefficient for the analyzed nutrients of both diets. Therefore, cellulose is the most suitable indicator for digestibility evaluation in Nile tilapia.

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Kolláthová, Renata, Branislav Gálik, Marko Halo, Anton Kováčik, Ondrej Hanušovský, Daniel Bíro, Michal Rolinec, Miroslav Juráček et Milan Šimko. « The effects of dried grape pomace supplementation on biochemical blood serum indicators and digestibility of nutrients in horses ». Czech Journal of Animal Science 65, No. 2 (25 février 2020) : 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/181/2019-cjas.

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Twelve adult Slovak warmblood sport horses were used to study the effect of dried grape pomace (DGP) on health through blood serum biochemical indicators, and on apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). The digestibility analysis was carried out by two in vivo methods, total faeces collection (TFC) and using lignin as a marker (ADL). Animals were divided into 3 groups: control group (C, without supplementation), experimental group 1 (E1, feed rations + 200 g of DGP) and experimental group 2 (E2, feed rations + 400 g of DGP). In animals, no health problems were detected during the trial. Of the blood serum indicators, only the concentrations of potassium (increase in E2 group compared to C group) and alanine aminotransferase (decrease in E2 group in comparison with E1 and C group) were affected (P < 0.05). The ADL method resulted in underestimated digestibility coefficients due to low recovery rates of lignin (less than 90%) in C group and E1 group. According to TFC, in E1 group higher digestibility coefficients were detected for DM, OM and CP (P > 0.05) compared to C group. However, in E2 group lower digestibility of all the studied nutrients was found (P > 0.05) in comparison with C group and E1 group. These results suggest that DGP could be used in horse diets up to 200 g without negative effect on their health and for a possible digestibility improvement of some nutrients.

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Woyengo, T. A., O. O. Akinremi, B. G. Rossnagel et C. M. Nyachoti. « Performance and total tract nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed hulless low phytate barley ». Canadian Journal of Animal Science 92, n^o 4 (décembre 2012) : 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-038.

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Woyengo, T. A., Akinremi, O. O., Rossnagel, B. G. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2012. Performance and total tract nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed hulless low phytate barley. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 505–511. An experiment was conducted to determine the performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs fed hulless low phytate (HLP) barley without or with phytase for 28 d. Twenty-four growing pigs (average initial body weight=25.3 kg) were fed three diets in a completely randomised design. The diets included a regular-hulled barley-based diet, and a HLP barley-based diet without or with phytase at 500 phytase units kg−1. Pigs fed the HLP barley-based diet without phytase had greater (P<0.05) average daily gain (0.911 vs. 0.717 kg), and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, P, Mg, and Na were higher (P<0.05) than the regular barley-based diet. Supplementation of phytase to the HLP barley-based diet resulted in improved (P<0.05) feed conversion efficiency (0.506 vs. 0.547 kg kg−1), and apparent total tract digestibility of N, P and K. In conclusion, pigs fed the HLP barley-based diet had higher growth performance and nutrient digestibility than those fed the regular-hulled barley-based diet, indicating that the HLP barley is a better source of nutrients for pigs than regular barley. Phytase supplementation to the HLP barley-based diet can result in a further increase in nutrient utilisation by pigs.

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Rodrigues, A. M. P. « Biological and nutritional approach to the environmental impact of trout culture in Portugal ». Water Science and Technology 31, n^o 10 (1 mai 1995) : 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0383.

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In order to address the problems of pollution from commercial farms, the bioavailability of nutrients in commercial feeds available in Portugal was evaluated in three size (40 g, 100 g and 180 g) groups of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) over a one year period and under natural production conditions. The principal factors influencing apparent digestibility values were diet quality, temperature and dissolved oxygen. Most probably suspended solids also affected digestibility especially during the summer months. The apparent digestibilities of crude protein, organic matter and dry matter were strongly inversely correlated with dietary fibre level in the 3 size groups of farmed trout. In addition, significant positive correlations were obtained between lipid level in commercial feeds and the organic matter digestibility coefficients. A significant correlation was also obtained between all apparent digestibility coefficients and the feed protein level for all size groups of fish studied in the field. The need for, and importance of, digestibility studies is demonstrated through estimates of nutrient flow and waste production in two different situations illustrating the effect of dietary quality.

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Adebiyi, O. A., T. A. Adefila et A. T. Adeshola. « Comparative evaluation of hydroponic maize fodder and conventional basal diet on performance, digestibility and blood profile of weaned pigs ». Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, n^o 2 (25 décembre 2020) : 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.538.

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High cost of conventional feedstuffs has resulted to the need to exploit the diverse feed resources for improved sustainability in swine production. Hydroponic sprouts which undergo nutritional modification during the sprouting process are a good source of nutrients that could improve the performance of pigs. Hence, nutrient digestibility, performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of weaned pigs fed hydroponic maize fodder (HMF) and conventional basal based diets were studied. Thirty-six (36) crossbred weaned pigs were randomly allotted to three treatments with four replicates each in a completely randomized design. Treatment 1 (T1) had 50% hydroponically grown maize sprouts + 50% concentrate, Treatment 2 (T2) had 100% hydroponically grown maize sprouts and Treatment 3 (T3) had 100% basal diet (cassava peel +palm kernel cake +brewery dried grain). The experiment lasted 6 weeks. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in the apparent digestibility of nutrients, performance and blood profile of pigs across dietary treatments. T1 had higher (P<0.05) apparent crude protein digestibility (65.76%) while the lowest (55.27%) was observed in T2 with a similar trend observed for apparent crude fibre digestibility. Apparent ether extract digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in T2 (68.43%) and lowest in T3 (65.47%) while ash digestibility was (P<0.05) highest in T3 (46.08%). Significantly higher values were obtained in T3 for final weight (13.83kg), feed intake (12.79kg) and weight gain (3.83kg) while least values were observed in T2. However, T1 had the highest value for FCR (3.68kg) while comparable values were obtained for feed cost/weight gain in pigs fed T1 and T3. T1 had higher (p<0.05) RBC (5.73×10 µl), WBC (1.80×10 µl), lymphocytes (69%) and eosinophils (3.67%) values while lowest values were obtained in T2 for PCV (34.67%), RBC (5.08×10 µl) and lymphocytes (56.33%). Significant differences (P<0.05) were also observed for cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, total protein, globulin and albumin while glucose and HDL showed no differences (P>0.05). All values obtained for haematology and serum biochemical parameters were within the normal physiological range of the animals.In conclusion, hydroponics maize fodder when combined with concentrate feed had a positive impact on nutrient digestibility and performance of pigs. Also, haematological and serum biochemical indices of pigs were not negatively affected.

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Rezende, Adalgiza Souza Carneiro de, Pablo Trigo, Ângela Maria Quintão Lana, Juliano Martins Santiago, Vinicius Pimentel Silva et Francisco Castejón Montijano. « Yeast as a feed additive for training horses ». Ciência e Agrotecnologia 36, n^o 3 (juin 2012) : 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542012000300012.

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This research analyses the yeast supplementation effect on the digestibility of nutrients and metabolic performance in training horses. Twelve horses were assigned into 2 groups: Pr (20 g of probiotics daily per horse) and control. The diet consisted of roughage (haylage) and commercial rations and all horses were trained for 6 weeks. LIPE® indicator was used during 7 days and feces collected for five days to determine nutrient digestibility. DM, CP, DE, P, NDF, ADF, HCEL and lignin were determined. All horses were subjected to incremental ergospirometry test before and at the end of training. Horses that received live yeast showed an increase (p<0.05) of 4.1% in the digestibility of HCEL. After training, both horse groups presented higher tolerance to fatigue, with an increase in AT and VO2max. The training improved animal performance, hemicellulose digestibility and DE was higher in Pr, but these increases did not improve the performance of these animals.

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LAFOREST, J. P., J. R. SEOANE, G. DUPUIS, L. PHILLIP et PAUL M. FLIPOT. « ESTIMATION OF THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SILAGES ». Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, n^o 1 (1 mars 1986) : 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-013.

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Forty-eight wethers were used to determine voluntary intake and digestibility of eight silages made from pure swards of legumes and grasses. Chemical and physical characteristics of silages were measured and related to dry matter intake, digestibility coefficients and digestible nutrient intakes by means of simple correlation and linear regression analyses. Intakes of dry matter (DM), digestible energy, digestible protein and total digestible nutrients were correlated negatively with percentage cell walls (r = −0.87) and positively with crude protein (r = 0.92). Lignin and the logarithm of (lignin × 100/acid detergent fiber) were highly correlated to cell walls digestibility (r = 0.98). There was a close relationship between protein digestibility and crude protein content (r = 0.99). Dry matter digestibility was accurately estimated by a summative equation (r = 0.74). The physical characteristics (packed volume and water solubility) of the silages were not well correlated to either digestibility coefficients or intake. The nutritive value of good quality, well-preserved grass and legume silages was satisfactorily predicted from laboratory analyses of crude protein and cell wall components. The applicability of the equations developed in this study should be tested using a larger number of silages. Key words: Nutritive value, forages, silages, sheep

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Dolis, Marius Gheorghe, Paul Corneliu Boisteanu, Marius Giorgi Usturoi, Daniel Simeanu, Dan Bodescu, Gherasim Nacu, Alexandru Usturoi et Cristina Simeanu. « Research on Digestibility of the Mulberry Leaf from the Kokuso 21 Variety in Relation to the Dynamics of the Chemical Content ». Revista de Chimie 69, n^o 2 (15 mars 2018) : 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.2.6123.

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During the growth of silkworm larvae study, also was done a research which aimed to determine the chemical composition and the digestibility of mulberry leaves from a Japanese variety, Kokuso 21. The results showed that advancing in the vegetation stage at the same time with different periods of the silkworm larvae�s growth, the mulberry leaves experience an aging process being noticed through its quality decreasing from chemical composition point of view. Accordingly, with this, to the majority of nutrients from mulberry leaves, except the crude fiber was noticed a continuous digestibility decreasing throughout larval growth period So, for example, digestibility of crude protein decreased gradually throughout the studied period, with 27.11%, respectively from 84.42% at the first chemical determination to 61.53% at the last one. The nutrients digestibility from the leaves registered in average a value of 55.87%.

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Zeman, Ladislav, Petr Mareš et Michal Večerek. « The effect of anethole containing essentials oils on nutrients digestibility of pigs ». Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, n^o 1 (2009) : 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957010171.

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The plant additives and their functional components can selectively influence the intestinal microorganism growth in positive or negative direction. If the growth promotion relates with positive microorganisms and growth elimination is connected with pathogens the results is nutrients utilization improvement, stimulation of immunologic system or positive influence of intermedial metabolism. Anethole is one of these important plant metabolites. There are described following positive effects of anethole in human medicine: vasorelaxant, antithrombotic, releasing of heart function, fytoestrogenic (it mean improving of milk secretion, menstruation, promotion of menses, birth improvement, men’s hormonal changes improving, sexual libido improving), antioxidative, antifungal, improvement of derma permeability, antihelmintic, insecticidal, yeast elimination, antibacterial, antipyretic.In our work the effect of anise and fennel essential oils on nutrients utilization in pig experiment was evaluated. The trial was organized in accredited experimental stable Žabčice of Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno. The high level efficiency of experimental animals is mentioned through general parameters (average daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion). The results of nutrients utilization rate show slightly higher digestibility of nutrients in treatment with anise oil, this improvement is not higher then 1.0 %. We can see also improvement of nitrogen retention in body mass on level of 5.6 % (anise treatment compared with control group). There is low variability between experimental animals (except nitrogen retention coefficient) but we can not see any statistical significance. On base of these results we can say the used phytogenic additives do not affect negatively the nutrient utilization in used concentration (0.1 % of essential oil in feed mixture) and are fully eligible for animal nutrition. These results are also supported by few research papers connected with similar topic.

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Obeidat, Belal S., Rami T. Kridli, Kamel Z. Mahmoud, Mohammed D. Obeidat, Serhan G. Haddad, Hadil S. Subih, Mysaa Ata, Ahmed E. Al-Jamal, Tasneem Abu Ghazal et Jáfar Mansur Al-Khazáleh. « Replacing Soybean Meal with Sesame Meal in the Diets of Lactating Awassi Ewes Suckling Single Lambs : Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Lamb Growth ». Animals 9, n^o 4 (11 avril 2019) : 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9040157.

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Two experiments were conducted to assess the influence of sesame meal (SM) feeding on nutrient digestibility, N balance, milk production and composition, ewes’ body weight change, and growth performance of lambs. In experiment 1, 18 ewe lambs were randomly distributed into three diets to evaluate the effects of soybean meal replacement with SM on nutrient intake, digestibility, and N balance. Treatments were no SM (SM0), 7.5% SM (SM7.5), or 15% SM (SM15) of the dietary dry matter (DM). Aside from intake and digestibility of ether extract (EE), which was greater in the SM-containing diets compared with SM0, intake and digestibility of the remaining nutrients was similar among dietary treatments. In experiment 2, 30 ewes suckling single lambs were randomly assigned to the same diets used in experiment 1. Intakes of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were unaffected by treatment. Milk yield was greater in SM diets than in the SM0 diet. Cost/kg of milk production decreased while feed efficiency improved in the SM-diets compared to the SM0 diet. In conclusion, results of the current studies demonstrate the possibility of replacing soybean meal with sesame meal in diets of lactating Awassi ewes.

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Rouzbehan, Y., K. Rezayazdi et M. Zahedifar. « The intake and digestibility in Raini male goats fed different ratios of effective rumen degradable nitrogen:sulphur ». Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003) : 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200013570.

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Nutrient deficiencies, such as sulfur (S), that reduce the activities of rumen microorganisms are liable to reduce food intake (McDonald et al., 1995). Hegarty et al (1994) found that a depression of appetite and digestibility in sheep deprived of sulfur. The amount of sulfur needed to optimize the rumen environment is dependent on several factors such as the level of dietary sulfur and the availability of the effective ruminal degradable nitrogen, ERDN (Underwood and Suttle, 1999). Therefore, this trial was conducted to assess the influence of different ERDN:S ratios on the dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrients digestibility in the male goat of Raini breed, an Iranian native cashmere goat.

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SANTANA NETO, José Adelson, Isabel MARTINELE, Franciane CEDROLA, Gladston Rafael de Arruda SANTOS, Evandro Neves MUNIZ, Erick Yanomami Barros SOUZA, Edivilson Silva CASTRO FILHO et Marta D’AGOSTO. « Apparent digestibility and rumen protozoal profile of sheep fed cassava wastewater ». Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 18, n^o 2 (juin 2017) : 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402017000200011.

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SUMMARY The effects of cassava wastewater on nutrient digestibility and rumen protozoa were evaluated in 32 Santa Inês sheep fed a diet with Tifton hay, ground corn cob, and concentrate, containing 0, 500, 1000, or 1500 mL cassava wastewater. Uncastrated sheep at an average age of 167 days and average weight of 25.3 kg were housed in individual stalls and distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatments and eight replicates. The experimental period was 70 days: 15 days for adaptation to the diets and 60 days to collect the ingredients and diets supplied. Prior to this stage, the animals were adapted to the consumption of cassava wastewater, in collective cages, for seven days. Apparent digestibility was determined by partial feces collection and by using the LIPE® external marker in 250-mg capsules. The apparent digestibility of nutrients did not differ (P>0.05) in relation to the cassava wastewater levels tested. Eleven genera of rumen protozoa were identified, and they formed a community that, except for Ophryoscolex, did not differ among the cassava wastewater treatments with respect to composition. However, Entodinium species were observed at a higher density (P<0.05) in sheep that received 1500 mL of cassava wastewater. The use of cassava wastewater in the sheep diet does not affect the digestibility of nutrients or composition of rumen protozoa; however, it causes a significant increase in Entodinium density.

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Awais, Muhammad, Muhammad Sharif, Khurram Ashfaq, Amjad Islam Aqib, Muhammad Saeed, Alessandro Di Cerbo et Mahmoud Alagawany. « Effect of Yeast-Fermented Citrus Pulp as a Protein Source on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and In Situ Digestion Kinetics in Nili Ravi Buffalo Bulls ». Animals 11, n^o 6 (8 juin 2021) : 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061713.

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A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of single cell protein (SCP) supplement as a protein source on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and in situ digestion kinetics in four Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous concentrates containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented citrus pulp were formulated. All animals were fed a ration with a concentrate/forage ratio of 50:50. Diets were provided ad libitum twice a day as a total mixed ration in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Each experimental period lasted 3 weeks while the overall study 12 weeks. The first 2 weeks of each experimental period were used as adaptation period while the third week as collection period. Chemical composition of fermented citrus pulp appeared as an excellent source of protein. No significant difference was observed on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and SCP among all the treatments. Moreover, no significant effect was observed on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen at different times. Rate of disappearance and lag time of in situ dry matter digestion kinetics remained nonsignificant regardless of SCP percentage. Based on results of similar nutrients intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters it is concluded that SCP could be used in the concentrate diet of ruminant up to 12%. Furthermore, the SCP has the potential of an alternative protein source in animal diet formulation.

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Rêgo, Margareth Maria Teles, José Neuman Miranda Neiva, Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo, Magno José Duarte Cândido, Rossana Herculano Clementino et João Restle. « Nutritional evaluation of elephant-grass silages with byproduct of annato ». Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, n^o 10 (octobre 2010) : 2281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010001000026.

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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional value of elephant-grass silages containing annato byproduct. Twenty intact rams were distributed in a complete randomized block design with five diets (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16% annato byproduct in the silage) and four replications and used to estimate the intake, apparent nutrient digestibility, content of total digestible nutrients and nitrogen balance. The addition of annato byproduct raised the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN), in body weight (%BW) and in metabolic weight (g kg-1BW0.75). The digestibilities of DM (55.95%), OM (58.19%), CP (45.34%), NDF (52.79%), ADF (45.79%), EE (34.96%) and NFC (99.86%) were not influenced by the addition of annato byproduct. The inclusion of annato byproduct in elephant-grass silage increased digestibility of total carbohydrates, the TDN content and the nitrogen balance. The aditions of annato byproduct at levels up to 16% of the elephant grass silage natural matter improves nutrient intake and nitrogen balance.

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