Articles de revues : « Disturbance of public order »

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Mahendra, Kadek Amen Putra, Ni Made Sukaryati Karma et I. Wayan Werasmana Sancaya. « Implementation of Prevention of Disturbance of Public Order in the Denpasar Police Area ». Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice 2, n^o 3 (24 mars 2025) : 9. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v2i3.3885.

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Studying the problems related to the effectiveness of preventing disturbances in order to maintain public order and security at the Denpasar City Police Resort is the main focus of this study. To overcome this problem, this study was conducted using an empirical method. The main source of legal information How to Collect Legal Documents Through Interviews and analysis of legal documents through analytical descriptions The results of the study found that the effectiveness of security and public disturbance prevention operations in the Denpasar Police Resort area was still not as good as expected. And there are still many cases of security disturbances and chaos. Although the patrol facilities and infrastructure are adequate, patrol activities are not the most appropriate activities. And there are still many cases of security and order disturbances in Denpasar City, such as motorcycle theft. The Dalmas Patrol Unit of the Denpasar City Samapta Police faces obstacles in preventing serious theft through patrols, such as the lack of facilities and infrastructure that can support or be useful for carrying out the patrol mission itself. Including other obstacles such as bad weather conditions Reducing visibility during patrols And there are several areas that cannot be accessed for patrol activities.

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Journal, Jeni Georgiana. « Method of action in the case of a public disturbance in public spaces ». Eximia 11 (8 août 2023) : 350–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v11i1.313.

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Since the beginning of the first forms of human coexistence, the need for order and safety has undoubtedly become imperative. During the development of the state, the idea of public order was outlined in different ways, but it was always accompanied by the police law of the state. Until now, the consolidation of the state has relied on the maintenance of order and public safety. This concept is reflected in the state's focus on protecting social rights, life and integrity of citizens, compliance with established rules and other accepted values. Thanks to the authorities to which the state resorted, the priority of ensuring public order became satisfied, through the activities of preventing and countering antisocial phenomena. The complete realization of social equilibrium is disturbed by facts against which the forces must fix measures. Thus, the local police, one of the current institutions used by the state, constantly struggles with circumstances in which the action of law enforcement is required to restore peace. Whether acting alone or cooperating with other public safety maintenance forces, such as: the gendarmerie, the Romanian police, the courts, the local police respects a set of specific principles and rules that guide its activity in different fields. So, the duties of a policeman are reflected in the sectors of public order and peace, environmental protection, traffic on public roads, commercial activity, records of persons and other legally regulated areas. I believe that, for each area of activity, the police officer must follow a series of rules that protect him from errors in the intervention. The indispensability of knowing how to act in certain situations is determined by the fact that the legal provisions that illustrate the rights and obligations of the police officer do not subject to rules the difficulties regarding the procedures for intervention, behavior and reaction to incidents. The police force performs its service in the field, in particular, making direct contact with the population, and in this way it becomes the first frontier of confrontation with criminals. Therefore, the performance of a professional service is closely related to the manner in which a police officer acts in the interest of the community.

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Zhou, Meng-Nan, et Sang-Sik Park. « A Study on the Prevention of the Crime of Disturbance of Public Order in the Medical Disturbance ». Journal of Legal Studies 30, n^o 1 (30 janvier 2022) : 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35223/gnulaw.30.1.2.

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Mhalla, Anis, et Mohanned Gaied. « Modeling and Robustness Study of Railway Transport Networks Using P-Timed Petri Nets ». Journal of Engineering 2018 (29 novembre 2018) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2083576.

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The importance of public transport systems continues to grow. These systems must respond to an increasing demand for population mobility and traffic disturbances. Rail transport networks can be considered as Discrete Event Systems (DES) with time constraints. The time factor is a critical parameter, since it includes dates to be respected in order to avoid overlaps, delays, and collisions between trains. P-time Petri Nets have been recognized as powerful modeling and analysis tools for railway transport systems. Temporal disturbances in these systems include railway infrastructure, traffic management, and disturbances (weather, obstacles on the tracks, malice, social movement, etc.). The developments presented in this paper are devoted to the modeling and the study of the robustness of the railway transport systems in order to evaluate the stability and the efficiency of these networks. In this study two robust control strategies towards time disturbances are presented. The first one consists of compensating the disturbance as soon as it is observed in order to avoid constraints violation. The second one allows generating, by the control, a temporal lag identical to the disturbance in order to avoid the death of marks on the levels of synchronization transitions of the P-time Petri net model.

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KLEM, BART, et BERT SUYKENS. « The Politics of Order and Disturbance : Public authority, sovereignty, and violent contestation in South Asia ». Modern Asian Studies 52, n^o 3 (mai 2018) : 753–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000270.

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Nguyen, Quang Dich, Van Nam Giap, Van Huy Tran, Duc-Hung Pham et Shyh-Chour Huang. « A Novel Disturbance Rejection Method Based on Robust Sliding Mode Control for the Secure Communication of Chaos-Based System ». Symmetry 14, n^o 8 (11 août 2022) : 1668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081668.

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This paper mainly proposes a new disturbance observer (DO) for a secure communication system (SCS) of the chaos-based system (CBS). First, the fractional-order (FO) Chen chaotic system is remodeled by a Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system with the aim of softening in calculation. Second, the robust fixed-time was designed to synchronize two nonidentical chaotic systems. Third, a new disturbance observer was proposed to compensate for the disturbance and uncertainty of the secure communication system. Fourth, the proof of the proposed method based on Lyapunov condition together with simulation are given to illustrate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed theory. The tested disturbance on the public channel was mostly compensated by the appropriately estimated disturbance value. The states of master and slave systems (MSSs) were closed to each other in fixed-time. These factors are used to confirm that the symmetry of two chaotic systems were obtained by the proposed control methods.

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Matvejevs, Aleksandrs. « Problems of Police Activity in Ensuring Public Order and Public Safety ». SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 3, n^o 21 (2021) : 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.21.2021.3.159-168.

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The article addresses the issues concerning public order and public security. These two are the objects of the state administration that form separate legal institutes. The duties of the police include securing the rule of law, maintaining public order and security, preventing, detecting and investigating crimes. The police ensure safety of people and environment and prevent all violations of the law and disturbances by eliminating and investigating all such incidents. The tasks of the police are defined in the Police Act. The police cooperate with other authorities and local residents and communities in maintaining security. Keywords: public order, public security, public place, police activity.

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Lee, Mi-Young, et Hee-Sook Park. « Exploration of Disturbance Factors of Publicness in the New Entrusteded Directors’s Public Child Care Centers Management ». Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, n^o 10 (31 mai 2024) : 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.10.645.

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Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the motivation and background for consignment support of new entrusted public child care center to support consignment, and to exploration of disturbance factors of publicness in the new entrusteded directors’s public child care centers management. Methods The participants in this study were three directors who entrusted a new public child care center in H-si, Gyeonggi-do. Data were collected through a total of three sessions of in-depth interviews, data on the experi-ences of in the new entrusteded directors’s were transcribed, read repeatedly, extracted with meaningful key-words, and analyzed qualitatively to derive research results. Results The results of this study are as follows. First, the motivation and background of the director of the new entrusted public child care center for fostering support was found to be support for entrustment to a stable public child care center due to changes in child care policy and anxiety about operating private daycare centers. Second, the directors of a newly entrusted public child care center found that the factors disturbance the publicness of run-ning the child care center after being appointed include concerns about systematic management of the newly en-trusted public child care center, recruiting and managing teachers, difficulties for parents trying to resolve com-plaints, found that the factors disturbance the and difficulties responding to related organizations. Conclusions In order to ensure the publicness of the management of public child care centers, it is necessary to continuously investigate the factors disturbance that the director of a newly entrusted public child care centers finds difficult, establish a system and training course to provide systematic support from new entrustment. A edu-cation program for new directors should be developed to overcome the difficulties that new directors face when running a public child care center for the first time and to solve the problems that directors face.

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Švajda, Juraj, Samuel Koróny, Antoni Zięba et Paweł Adamski. « Perceptions of natural disturbance in Tatra National Park, Poland ». Forestry Journal 62, n^o 2 (1 juin 2016) : 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forj-2016-0011.

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Abstract Since the last decades, natural disturbances in forests including protected areas have intensified. They have the potential to impact visual quality and safety of visitors as well as spread beyond protected area boundaries. While economic and ecological impacts are well studied, there is still a lack of work focused on human dimensions and social aspects. This study examines visitor perceptions towards bark beetle infestation in Tatra National Park, Poland. The findings, based on visitor surveys collected during the summer of 2014, indicate the significance of different factors influencing visitor attitudes towards the bark beetle. Age of visitors and importance of the bark beetle issue for them (based on subjective ratings of importance of bark beetle issue for respondents) are the most prominent variables. Also place of origin and environmental worldview were recognized as significantly important variables in accordance with similar studies. Results suggest management implications for park authorities including public relations and environmental education in order to increase knowledge and support for natural disturbance and ecological integrity policies in the national park.

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Riensche, David L. « Factors influencing the abundance of wintering western snowy plovers at Crown Memorial State Beach ». California Fish and Wildlife Journal 107, n^o 3 (2 novembre 2021) : 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.hwisi.8.

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Survival during the nonbreeding season, when mortality from food shortages and raptor predation is highest, influences shorebird population growth. These selection pressures, as well as anthropogenic influences, can shape wintering shorebird habitat use patterns. The western snowy plover (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus) is a small shorebird that uses sand-spits, dune-backed beaches, open areas around estuaries for foraging and roosting. The Pacific Coast population of western snowy plovers is listed as a federally threatened species and a California Species of Special Concern. Previous studies suggest humans, dogs and corvids are sources of disturbance to plovers on public beaches. During 2014 to 2019, these disturbance factors were examined at Robert W. Crown Memorial State Beach in Alameda, California. In decreasing order of impact, the beach using public, corvids, and dogs were found to be the major stressors to over wintering plovers. Both the public and corvids respectively, resulted in disturbance and avoidance behaviors by plovers nearly 40% of the time. In 2015, the District created the Plover Protection Zone (PPZ) by installing symbolic fencing, signage, and establishing a volunteer team to monitor plovers and educate the public. In 2016, the potential prey abundance within the plover protection zone and areas directly north and south were examined using core samples and sticky traps. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the amount of macro-invertebrate prey available in the area used by the plovers as compared to other locations. Habitat choice and prey availability are vital to wintering shorebird. During this study, the wintering population of western snowy plovers increased from six to over 54 individuals.

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Alfred B. D. Nenoharan, Kotan Y. Stefanus et Cyricius W. Y. Lamataro. « Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Mewujudkan Ketentraman dan Ketertiban Umum ». Amandemen : Jurnal Ilmu pertahanan, Politik dan Hukum Indonesia 2, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2024) : 85–94. https://doi.org/10.62383/amandemen.v2i1.701.

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To create a peaceful and orderly area and provide protection to the community, it is necessary to arrange, maintain and control livestock that can interfere with or affect people's life activities in order to create safety and comfort from the disturbance of roaming livestock. Legal problems that occur against the control of livestock by involving community participation in efforts to realize peace and public order, especially their relationship with livestock, as well as factors that hinder community participation in realizing peace and public order related to the control of livestock in Oebelo Village, Central Kupang District, Kupang Regency. In this study, data collection techniques were carried out in two ways, namely the method of interview and observation. The collected data is then analyzed and then presented or presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of the study show that (1) The role and participation of the community is needed in an effort to realize peace and public order, especially the relationship in the control of livestock. Where the role and participation of the community can be carried out by ordering livestock owned and coordinating with the village government in realizing peace and order. (2) The factors that inhibit community participation in realizing peace and public order in the control of livestock are due to the lack of optimal public awareness in regulating livestock, the absence of laws that regulate and the support of the village government that is not optimal in cooperation to support peace and public order.

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Suhartanto, Tri, et Indra Perwira. « The Difference of Authority between Satpol PP and Polri in Creating General Involvement ». International Journal of Science and Society 2, n^o 3 (5 juillet 2020) : 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i3.118.

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This study aims to analyze the differences in law enforcement authority between Civil Service Police Unit (Satpol Pamong Praja/ Satpol PP) and Indonesian National Police (Polri) in creating public order and peace of society and how the differences could cause an overlap in their implementation. The research method used is normative juridical legal research using a statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach. The results showed that differences in law enforcement authority between Satpol PP and Polri are in creating public order and peace of society. Satpol PP has an authority to maintain public order, while the National Police is more concerned with maintaining domestic security; Meanwhile, in carrying out their duties, the Satpol PP often overlaps and clashes with other law enforcers, especially the National Police. It cannot be denied that it often happens that the National Police finally have to become a "fire brigade" when carrying out their duties. The Satpol PP has to clash with the community, which then arises an anarchic situation. When in situations that could lead to further disturbance in security and public order, the National Police finally intervened. What often happened was that the National Police collided with the community because of the anarchist situation that had developed too far.

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Szulc, Anna. « Unused cars in Wroclaw – in terms of using city space ». Biblioteka Regionalisty 2020, n^o 20 (2020) : 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/br.2020.1.12.

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Excessive traffic and the insufficient number of parking spaces pose a challenge for the authorities of large urban centres, which is why it is important to effectively use the infrastructure resources. An example of actions that reduce efficiency regards unused cars in public parking. The discussed problem should be considered in the context of the impact on spatial order, and the phenomenon of misappropriation of public space. This article analyses Mobility Policy of the City of Wroclaw and data on the intervention of the Municipal Police of Wroclaw regarding the disposal of unused vehicles according to article 50a and 130a of Road Traffic Law. An integral part of the article is a survey examining the opinions of the local community. Unused cars have a negative impact on the quality of space and life of residents, which is manifested by a decrease in the efficiency of transport infrastructure, degradation of green areas, appropriation of public space and disturbance of spatial order

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SHURUKHNOV, N. G. « FROM THE CONCEPT OF THE DRAFT POLICE CHARTER OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE TO ITS STRUCTURE AND CONTENT : VIEWS OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSION OF SENATOR A.A. MAKAROV (1906-1917). PART 5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE POLICE OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE TO MAINTAIN IMPROVEMENT AND ORDER IN PUBLIC PLACES (STREETS, SQUARES, BOULEVARDS, EMBANKMENTS, BRIDGES, CANALS, HIGHWAYS AND WATERWAYS) ». Gaps in Russian Legislation 17, n^o 2 (24 mars 2024) : 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2024-17-2-014-020.

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The complex of responsibilities assigned to the police by the norms of the fourth section of the draft Police Charter is considered. These responsibilities are related, on the one hand, to monitoring the improvement of streets, squares, boulevards, embankments, piers, as well as other components of the infrastructure of the population, and, on the other hand, to ensuring the personal safety of the population and maintaining public order in crowded places. Prevention of unreasonable noise, singing, shouting, rioting, any unauthorized acts aimed at violence and causing disturbance on the streets, squares or other public places, or at least outside these places, but in violation of public order and tranquility. The measures taken by the police in relation to direct traffic participants and vehicle owners are highlighted. Separately, such areas of police activity are designated as ensuring a healthy lifestyle for citizens: preventing drunkenness; confiscation of mentally ill persons and persons who are intoxicated in public places; suppression of the use of obscene words and expressions, attempts to abuse domestic animals. Separately, the author highlights purely police means of establishing proper order in public places, including dispersing unruly crowds and attracting troops. The responsibilities of the police of the Russian Empire to prevent beggary, loitering, measures taken to prevent these offenses, as well as to suppress the unlawful behavior of gypsies (arrangement of tents, tents, leading a nomadic lifestyle) are given.

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Szmukler, George. « Offenders with a Mental Impairment Under a 'Fusion Law' : Non-Discrimination, Treatment, Public Protection ». International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, n^o 26 (14 février 2021) : 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijmhcl.26.1093.

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A common criticism of a ‘fusion law’ - a generic law covering all instances where a person’s ability to make a treatment decision is impaired, regardless of the cause, and furthermore which only allows non-consensual treatment if it is in the person’s ‘best interests’ – is that it fails to deal adequately with the protection of the public. This paper examines the implications of a ‘fusion law’ where a person with an ‘impairment or disturbance of mental functioning’ has committed an offence or where the person has been found ‘unfit to plead’ or ‘not guilty by reason of insanity’. It is argued that within the parameters of a fusion law, unfair discrimination towards those with a mental impairment placed on treatment orders by a court - as exists presently in nearly all jurisdictions - can be avoided while at the same time providing satisfactory public protection. This can be achieved through hospital treatment, voluntary or involuntary depending on the person’s decision-making ability and best interests (or best interpretation of ‘will and preferences’), and a form of supervision order in the community that is supportively structured, but includes special conditions to ensure compliance.

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Marek Lubelski. « Public order as a basic object of protection under petty offences law and criminal law ». Archives of Criminology, n^o XXXII (1 janvier 2010) : 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2010f.

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The author reviews those types of prohibited acts under criminal code and petty offences code which provide for public order protection. This serves as an attempt to prove that a value like public order should rather be protected under petty offences code (or other forms of legal sanctions eg. administrative ones) rather than under criminal law. The scope of criminalisation should not be extended towards criminalisation of acts against public order. This can be summarised in a debate on forms of legal reaction to prohibited acts. The review of the relevant act of law becomes the point of departure to formulate the opinion that public order is a separate object of legal protection. It does not require penal sanctions provided for crimes – in spite of well-established opinions in legal literature that petty offences differ from crimes basically only in the degree of social damage they cause. The author also makes numerous observations of a classical penal reaction indicators which can be described as “punitive type sanctions”. This proves that our times bring an abrupt increase of legal regulations which create norms of public order and prohibit acts of administrative character which do not belong to the area of criminal law and should not require sanctions provided for acts classified as crimes. A thorough examination of types of petty offences made in the article provides a surprising picture of what the legislator included under the sphere of public order. Names of particular divisions of the code are irrelevant here. In the view of the examination of the acts prohibited by petty offences code, public order is recognised by designators, that is objects protected by particular types of acts, regardless of the title of the chapter they were placed in. They include quiet night hours, protection of plants in public green areas, lack of graffiti on buildings, freedom from aggressive prostitution offers, beggary without a substantial cause, lack of soil in public places, conducting a business without registration required by law, registration of place of residence, obeying rules on public roads, freedom from various forms of disturbance of peace and quiet, freedom from infringements of public assembly or no production of skeleton keys and seals or stamps without a licence. There is also a category of bitypical offences that is prohibited acts which are classified as a petty offence or a crime depending on the value of property (eg. theft of an item of values less than PLN 250 is a petty offence, not a crime). In the opinion of the author, if they are classified as petty offences they can also be included in the category of violation of order, although this order has more of a civil that administrative character. Separate comments concern the criteria of classification of petty offences in fiscal penal code.

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Ikkos, George. « Psychiatric expertise ». British Journal of Psychiatry 207, n^o 5 (novembre 2015) : 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.169946.

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Unlike neurologists, affect not the brain is the object of psychiatrists' specialist medical expertise. Defined as feelings, emotions and agitations, affect integrates human responses and drives brain and body changes, thinking, perceiving, relating and acting. In no particular order, it depends on genes, evolution, culture, physiology, personal experience, social history, chance, meaning, the environment and a sense of self and others. Disturbance in any (combination) of these may lead to psychopathology, the understanding and treatment of which demands biomedical training, empathic curiosity about the human soul, a pluralist perspective, tolerance of anxiety and engagement with public perceptions, policies and ideologies.

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Bigras, Marc, Maria Aparecida Crepaldi et Maria Luiza Carvalho de Lima. « A mother-child secure attachment to prevent interpersonal violence among young people ». Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil 11, n^o 1 (mars 2011) : 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-38292011000100002.

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There is a growing conviction among researchers and stakeholders that youth violence is often a result of the absence, or the disturbance, or even the disruption of significant relationships with adults. In this article, we propose to apply the mother-child attachment theory to an intervention of public health in order to prevent personal and social damages as consequences of youth violence. Many consider indeed that this theory is mature enough for social innovations and can lead to a light but structured program in support to young parents that favors the outbreak of basic necessary elements for the harmonious socialization of their children.

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Djabar, Fauzan Setiawan, Theresia Novena Monalisa et Sardika Yusuf Ramadhan. « Role Big Big Bhabinkamtibmas in Prevention Action Motorcycle Theft Crime at Dau Police Section, Malang Police Regency ». Tanggon Kosala 14, n^o 1 (8 avril 2025) : 25–44. https://doi.org/10.70526/tk.v14i1.1669.

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Motorcycle theft is a crime that causes concern for the community. The rampant incidents of motorcycle theft that occur in the jurisdiction of the Dau Police, Malang Police, are a disturbance to public order that is very disturbing to the community. The police are the guardians of the community who are obliged to maintain public order through the Binmas function by carrying out bimluh activities as a form of real action to increase public awareness regarding motorcycle theft. This study aims to describe the phenomenon of motorcycle theft, analyze the role of bimluh activities by Bhabinkamtibmas, analyze the factors that influence the role of bimluh and reviewing relevant theories and concepts in preventing motorcycle theft. This study concludes that the role of the bhabinkamtibmas bimluh in preventing motorcycle theft has not been appropriately implemented. 2 factors influence the role of the bhabinkamtibmas bimluh, namely internal factors, including the lack of quality and quantity of personnel and external factors, such as the lack of public awareness of preventing motorcycle theft. This study suggests that the methods and targets of the Bhabinkamtibmas bimluh must be more appropriate in preventing motorcycle theft and that the Bhabinkamtibmas work together with related parties in preventing motorcycle theft.

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Bowman, Kathryn, et G. Minshall. « Ecological Responses of Stream Ecosystems Ten Years After Disturbance by Wildfire ». UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 22 (1 janvier 1998) : 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1998.3361.

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Wildfire is a major large-scale disturbance that profoundly influences stream ecosystems over broad spatial and temporal scales. Research has focused primarily on short-term effects, with most data collected within the first few months or years following wildfire. We determined the ecological conditions of 13 streams (10 burned, 3 unburned) 10 years after major fires in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), in order to determine the mid-term responses of stream ecosystems to wildfire. Information from this study is critical to the basic understanding of the role of wildfires in the flowing water systems of wilderness areas and national parks. In addition, this information will be helpful in the formulation of future fire policies and resource management approaches in public forests, wilderness areas, and parks and will provide educational and interpretive information to aid the public and its representatives in better understanding the importance of fire in natural ecosystems. Differences among burned streams in chemical properties were related to local geology and not to the effects of fire. Stream habitat measurements indicated that there was more fine sediment in the burned headwater streams compared to the reference streams and that burned mid-size streams were wider and shallower than the comparable sized reference stream. Benthic macroinvertebrate density was higher and percent Ephemeroptera-PlecopteraÂTrichoptera was lower in the burned streams than in the reference. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of smaller, more vagile taxa, suggesting a shift in community structure from K- to rÂ strategists. However, these differences did not exist for taxa richness or biomass, indicating that metabolic compensation accompanied the change in community structure. Mid-term recovery appears to be delayed in YNP streams as a result of increased precipitation and runoff in recent years. These results indicate that significant changes are still occurring in these streams ten years after the fires; these impacts and trends are expected to be even more apparent when the patterns over the whole ten years are examined.

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Park, Taeho, Minho Kim, Chaemi Jang, Taeryang Choung, Kyung-A. Sim, Dongju Seo et Seo Chang. « The Public Health Impact of Road-Traffic Noise in a Highly-Populated City, Republic of Korea : Annoyance and Sleep Disturbance ». Sustainability 10, n^o 8 (20 août 2018) : 2947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082947.

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Sustainable transportation is an essential part of a sustainable city; however, modern transportation systems with internal-combustion engines emits unacceptably high level of air-pollutants and noise. It is recognized widely that road-traffic noise has negative health impacts (such as annoyance and sleep disturbance) on exposed population in highly-populated cities. These harmful effects should be removed or at least reduced to guarantee the sustainability of modern cities. The estimation of pollutant levels at a specific location and the extent of the damage is therefore important for policy makers. This study presents a procedure to determine the levels of road-traffic noise at both day and night, and an assessment of the adverse health effects across Gwangju Metropolitan City (GMC), Republic of Korea (ROK). Road-traffic noise maps in 2-D and 3-D were generated, in order to find spatial distribution of noise levels across the city and noise level at the façade of a building-floor, respectively. The adoption of existing assessment models for the highly-annoyed (%HA) and highly-sleep-disturbed (%HSD) leads to building-based estimation of the affected population and spatial distribution of the road networks of the city. Very high noise levels were found to exist along major roads in the day and at night, with little difference between them. As a result, approximately 10% and 5% of the total population (n = 1,471,944) were estimated to experience high-level annoyance and sleep disturbance, respectively.

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Milinkovic, Ana, Suveer Singh, Bryony Simmons, Anton Pozniak, Marta Boffito et Nneka Nwokolo. « Multimodality assessment of sleep outcomes in people living with HIV performed using validated sleep questionnaires ». International Journal of STD & ; AIDS 31, n^o 10 (10 août 2020) : 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420941693.

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Studies conducted in people living with HIV (PLHIV) report high rates of sleep disturbance, without a clear explanation as to cause or effect. Therefore, we proposed use of multiple validated questionnaires that would allow a more comprehensive evaluation of sleep quality in PLHIV. We administered eight validated sleep and wellbeing questionnaires, recording different aspects of sleep in order to provide a comprehensive description of sleep quality, quantity, daytime functioning, wakefulness, and general wellbeing. Associations with demographics and clinical data were analyzed by univariable/multivariable analyses. Of 254 subjects 99% were male (98% men who have sex with men), 88% white, mean age 41 (SD ± 9.9) years, HIV duration eight years (SD ± 6.3), 94% were on antiretroviral therapy, mean CD4 cell count was 724 cells/mm3, 81% had HIV RNA<40 copies/ml, 72% were university educated, and 60% used ‘chemsex’ drugs. Almost half (45%) reported poor sleep quality, 22% insomnia, 21% daytime sleepiness, and 33% fatigue. As individual factors, HIV duration ≥10 years, anxiety, depression, and recreational drug use were associated with poor quality sleep, fatigue, and poorer functional outcomes (p ≤ 0.05). The prevalence of sleep disturbance was high in our cohort of PLHIV. Sleep disturbance was associated with longer duration of HIV infection, depression, anxiety, and recreational drug use.

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Muda, Lisdawati. « Urgency of District Head’s Policy in the Implementation of the Use of Trotoar and Edge of the “Jalan Bj Habibie” In Bone Bolango District of Gorontalo ». Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities 8, n^o 1 (10 août 2024) : 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20240102.

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This article analyzes the right policies to avoid the occurrence of criminalization, traffic congestion, environmental cleanliness that is not maintained and irresponsible behaviour along the sidewalks and curbs of Prof. B.J Habibie, Bone Bolango district. The policy of the regional head in making the function of the roadside and sidewalk useful for the community is a necessity or a necessity to protect the public from the disturbance of security, comfort, and order. No matter how good the existence of roads and sidewalks without being supported by government policies in their utilization, it will not guarantee the comfort of the user community, because, without a policy that guarantees safety and comfort for users and the community, the facilities built will bring disaster to the community and facility users. Keywords: policy, district head, public facility, road facility, Bone Bolango

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Dantas Alves, khayyam Perseu, et Cleyton Alan Clemente. « ANÁLISE LEGAL E JURISPRUDENCIAL DA CONTRAVENÇÃO DE PERTURBAÇÃO DO TRABALHO OU SOSSEGO ALHEIOS ». Revista Científica da Polícia Militar de Mato Grosso do Sul - RevPMMS 2, n^o 1 (11 février 2025) : 58–86. https://doi.org/10.62927/revpmms.v2i1.64.

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he policeactivationofficers toaddress occurrences of disturbing the peace is a frequent practice in the police activities of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. This article examines the legitimacy and effectiveness of these public security professionals' actions in this context, addressing the legal, jurisprudential, and operational aspects involved. Although living in society inevitably produces noise, it is essential to combat excessive noise that violates social coexistence norms. In this sense, police intervention becomes fundamentalto mediate conflicts and ensure the application of the law. The importance of intervention to guarantee the peace and security of the community is highlighted. The analysis reveals how the police approach should be based on established legal norms and procedures, contributing to more efficient actions aligned with the principles of justice and public order.Keywords:Disturbance of the peace, criminal offense, excessive noise, disturbance of tranquility, maintenance of social order.

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Gadanya, Muktar A., et Imrana A. Buhari. « EXPOSURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NOISE POLLUTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF BICHI TOWN, KANO STATE, NIGERIA ». FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, n^o 2 (20 juin 2021) : 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-521.

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Environmental pollution is the most important public health problem densely in populated areas in the developing countries and often the underlying cause of many diseases of public health importance. Noise pollution is an undesirable sound that interferes with wellbeing in the environment with significant effects. With the current rapid growth and technological advancement, noise pollution is increasingly becoming environmental menace that deserves appropriate attention in order to mitigate its health effects. This paper aims to determine the sources, awareness and health effects of noise pollution in a typical Nigerian sub-urban population. Descriptive cross-sectional study using interviewer administered questionnaire and measurement of environmental noise using acoustic metre. Majority of the respondents (75.8%) were exposed to noise levels above the 55dB WHO safe noise level without health effects. Power generators, automobiles and grinding machines are the commonest sources of noise pollution in the studied environment amounted to a value of 55.8%, 40% and 35.8% respectively and to a lesser extent hawker (16.4%) and loudspeaker (9.6%) among others. Sleep disturbance, headache, and poor concentration were commonly reported effects of noise in the environment with magnitudes of 52.7%, 50.9%, 15.8% respectively. Anxiety (12.1%) and hearing disturbances (11.5%) were also common. Noise pollution associated health problems are common in the community with significant effects on the quality of life of the inhabitants. Stable power supply, effective legislation and improvement in living condition of the people are key to minimize noise pollution and avert its deleterious health effects.

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Gadanya, Muktar A., et Imrana A. Buhari. « EXPOSURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NOISE POLLUTION AMONG RESIDENTS OF BICHI TOWN, KANO STATE, NIGERIA ». FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, n^o 2 (8 juillet 2021) : 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0502-626.

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Environmental pollution is the most important public health problem densely in populated areas in the developing countries and often the underlying cause of many diseases of public health importance. Noise pollution is an undesirable sound that interferes with wellbeing in the environment with significant effects. With the current rapid growth and technological advancement, noise pollution is increasingly becoming environmental menace that deserves appropriate attention in order to mitigate its health effects. This paper aims to determine the sources, awareness and health effects of noise pollution in a typical Nigerian sub-urban population. Descriptive cross-sectional study using interviewer administered questionnaire and measurement of environmental noise using acoustic metre. Majority of the respondents (75.8%) were exposed to noise levels above the 55dB WHO safe noise level without health effects. Power generators, automobiles and grinding machines are the commonest sources of noise pollution in the studied environment amounted to a value of 55.8%, 40% and 35.8% respectively and to a lesser extent hawker (16.4%) and loudspeaker (9.6%) among others. Sleep disturbance, headache, and poor concentration were commonly reported effects of noise in the environment with magnitudes of 52.7%, 50.9%, 15.8% respectively. Anxiety (12.1%) and hearing disturbances (11.5%) were also common. Noise pollution associated health problems are common in the community with significant effects on the quality of life of the inhabitants. Stable power supply, effective legislation and improvement in living condition of the people are key to minimize noise pollution and avert its deleterious health effects

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Rustam, Junaidy Suparman, et Reny Chaidir. « Environmental Factors as Sleep Disturbance on Critically Ill Patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU) : A Cross-Sectional Study ». NurseLine Journal 8, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2023) : 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v8i2.39150.

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Background: Sleep disturbance is a major problem among critically ill patients in the Intensive care unit (ICU) and often leads to negative experiences during their treatment. Previous studies found that environmental factors including noises and lighting mainly associated with the patient's sleep disturbance. Objectives: This study purposed to explore the relationship between environmental noise and lighting with the experience of sleep disturbance among critically ill patients in ICU. Methods: Analytical descriptive with a cross-sectional study approach was used in this study in the population of critically ill patients who were treated in the ICU. Setting of the study was conducted at a public hospital in West Sumatra, Indonesia from June to August 2021. The sample size was calculated by using power analysis from a previous study which obtained 80 participants. A purposive sampling technique was used based on the inclusion criteria. Data was analyzed by using percentages for the descriptive statistic and the Spearmen rank test for the inferential statistic. Results: Results of the study showed that 37.5% of the participants had sleep disturbance from environmental noise and 31 participants 38.75% of participants had sleep disturbance from lighting. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between environmental factors with sleep dis- orders in critically ill patients. Conclusion: Environmental factors of noises and lighting associated with the experience of disturbance among critically ill patients in ICU. It should be expected that hospitals could provide health education for patients and families suffering from sleep disturbance to maintain a calm environment noise and good lighting.

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Bedford, Laura Elizabeth, Eric Ho Man Tang, Weinan Dong, Carlos King Ho Wong, Emily Tsui Yee Tse, Amy Pui Pui Ng, Bernard Man Yung Cheung, Tingting Wu, Esther Yee Tak Yu et Cindy Lo Kuen Lam. « Who reports insufficient and disturbed sleep ? Results from a representative population-based health survey in Hong Kong ». BMJ Open 12, n^o 9 (septembre 2022) : e058169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058169.

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ObjectivesTo highlight the prevalence of sleep problems and identify associated risk factors among a representative sample recruited from the general population of Hong Kong.Design, setting and participantsParticipants included 12 022 individuals (aged 15 or above) who took part in the Population Health Survey 2014/15, a territory-wide survey conducted by the Department of Health of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes were the prevalence of (1) insufficient sleep (<6 hours sleep per day) and (2) any sleep disturbance (difficulty initiating sleep, intermittent awakenings, early awakening) ≥3 times per week in the past 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression identified associations between sleep problems and sociodemographic, clinical and lifestyle factors.Results9.7% of respondents reported insufficient sleep and 10.5% reported sleep disturbances ≥3 times a week. Female gender, monthly household income <$12 250 (Hong Kong dollar), lower education level, mental health condition and physical health condition were significantly associated with both insufficient and disturbed sleep (all p<0.05). Unemployment, homemaker, insufficient physical activity, current/former smoking status and harmful alcohol consumption were associated with sleep disturbances only (all p<0.01).ConclusionsSleep problems are highly prevalent in Hong Kong. As such problems are associated with a range of health conditions, it is important to facilitate improvements in sleep. Our results show that harmful alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity and current smoking are modifiable risk factors for sleep disturbances. Public health campaigns should focus on these risk factors in order to promote a healthy lifestyle and ultimately reduce sleep disturbances. Targeted interventions for high-risk groups may also be warranted, particularly for those with doctor-diagnosed physical and mental health conditions.

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Hörnqvist, Magnus. « Risk Assessments and Public Order Disturbances : New European Guidelines for the Use of Force ? » Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 5, n^o 1 (juin 2004) : 4–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14043850410033699.

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Faulkner, Jon Paul, et Enda Murphy. « Integrating environmental noise considerations into public policy : the case of Ireland ». INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, n^o 3 (1 août 2021) : 3218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2340.

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European Commission Directive (EU) 2020/367 describes how harmful effects from environmental noise exposure are to be calculated for ischemic heart disease (IHD), high annoyance (HA), and high sleep disturbance (HSD) for road, rail, and aircraft noise under the Environmental Noise Directive's (END) strategic noise mapping process. It represents a major development in understanding the extent of exposure from transport-based environmental noise given it is a legal requirement for all EU member states from the 2022 reporting round. It also has the potential to accelerate the development of stronger noise-health policies across the EU. While this development is to be welcomed, there are a number of basic noise-health policy applications that first need to be implemented in the Irish case if the noise-health situation is be accurately assessed and if public health is to be adequately protected. In order to address this requirement the following paper presents concrete policy and practice recommendations as well as an evaluation of the current application of noise management policy in Ireland which is administered to protect the public from the harmful effects of environmental noise. This paper provides guidance on how noise-health considerations can be integrated into key relevant areas of Irish policy including healthcare, the environment, transportation, and planning.

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Sukowski, Helga. « Subjektive Einschätzungen zur Bearbeitung einer Leseaufgabe in Ruhe und mit einem Hintergrundgeräusch ». ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2022, n^o 08 (29 juillet 2022) : 509–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-1-211456.

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Subjective assessments of working on a reading task in silence and with background noise Background: The use of cognitive tasks is a typical approach to investigate the effects of noise on cognitive performance among employees. In a laboratory study on this topic, the performance measurements were complemented by subjective assessments to gain an insight into how participants experienced task processing in different acoustic conditions. Methods: In a study designed to investigate training effects on a proofreading task, all 51 participants gave subjective assessments on four aspects of task processing (effort, concentration, self-assessed performance, disturbance) after completing the task. The scales ranging from 0 to 100 were presented twice in the repeated measurement design. Participants were assigned either to a group working on the proofreading task twice in silence (“silence group”) or twice with speech as a background sound (“speech group”). Results: The analyses of variance carried out separately for each aspect revealed no significant differences between the assessments at the two points of measurement but, on average, participants in the “speech group” reported significantly more effort, more disturbance, less concentration, and a lower self-assessed performance than participants in the “silence group”. The correlation between the assessments in both test runs was clearly visible in all questions (r > 0.05 respectively), whilst the interrelation between the subjective assessments and the measured task performance varied between all four questions. Conclusion: Although performance measurements sometimes show only small effects of potentially adverse noise, the results from the subjective assessments produced a clear outcome, underlining the necessity to protect employees from unwanted noise at the workplace in order to minimise disturbance or effort and to allow concentrated working. Keywords: noise – sounds – proofreading – reading – subjective assessments

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Gaßner, Laura, et Joachim Ritter. « Ground motion emissions due to wind turbines : observations, acoustic coupling, and attenuation relationships ». Solid Earth 14, n^o 7 (18 juillet 2023) : 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-14-785-2023.

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Abstract. Emissions from wind turbines (WT) cover a wide range of infrasound and ground motions. When they are perceived as immissions by local residents, they can become a source of disturbance or annoyance. To mitigate such disturbances, it is necessary to better understand and, if possible, suppress WT-induced emissions. Within the project Inter-Wind we record and analyze ground motion signals in the vicinity of two wind farms on the Swabian Alb in southern Germany, simultaneously with acoustic and meteorological measurements, as well as psychological surveys done by cooperating research groups. The investigated wind farms consist of 3 and 16 WTs, respectively, and are located on the Alb peneplain at 700–800 m height, approximately 300 m higher than the two municipalities considered in our study. Our main aim is to better understand reasons why residents may be affected from WT immissions. Known ground motions include vibrations due to eigenmodes of the WT tower and blades, and the interaction between the passing blade and the tower, causing signals at constant frequencies below 12 Hz. In addition, we observe signals in ground motion recordings at frequencies up to 90 Hz which are proportional to the blade-passing frequency. We can correlate these signals with acoustic recordings and estimate sound pressure to ground motion coupling transfer coefficients of 3–16.5 µms-1Pa-1. Sources for these emissions are the WT generator and possibly the gearing box. The identification of such noise sources can help to find measures to reduce disturbances in order to increase the public acceptance of WTs. Residents perceive more disturbance at the location where the wind farm is closer to the municipality (approximately 1 km). However, there is also a major railway line which produces higher vibration and infrasound signal amplitudes compared to the WTs. Along the measurement lines the decay rate of the WT-induced ground motions is determined for a damping relation proportional to 1/rb. We find frequency-dependent b values for different scenarios at our geological setting of Jurassic limestone on marl, sandstone, and Quaternary deposits. These damping relationships can be used to estimate emissions in the far field and to plan mitigation strategies.

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Zamiar, Zenon, et Stanisław Kowalkowski. « SELECTED ASPECTS OF MILITARY LOGISTIC SUPPORT TO PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN ELIMINATING THE EFFECTS OF CRISIS SITUATIONS ». Logistics and Transport 49, n^o 1 (2021) : 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-1-49-4-21.

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In part I, the article presents the characteristics of non-military crisis situations, including natural threats and technical failures, terrorist threats, hybrid activities and disturbance of public order. The specified crisis situations imply specific actions of the public administration, which carries out its mission on the basis of national and international legal regulations. However, the forces and resources of the civil administration are not always able to provide assistance to all victims of crisis situations, in accordance with the applicable procedures. The implementation of procedures for providing aid and liquidating the effects of crisis situations requires specific, logistically prepared forces and resources. The legal regulations introduced on the basis of experience, including Poland's membership in NATO, enable the use of military forces to provide logistical support to the administration in crisis situations, under the so-called crisis logistics. Hence, the second part of the article presents the legal basis for the use of the Armed Forces in the logistic support of the civil administration, with particular emphasis on engineering troops and their support components, prepared for the liquidation of the consequences of crisis situations.

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Zamiar, Zenon, et Stanisław Kowalkowski. « Selected aspects of military logistics support to public administration in eliminating the effects of crisis situations. Possibilities of Using Engineering Troops in Crisis Situations ». Logistics and Transport 51, n^o 2 (2021) : 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-2-51-3-21.

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Part I presented the characteristics of non-military crisis situations, including natural threats and technical failures, terrorist threats, hybrid activities and disturbance of public order. The specified crisis situations imply specific actions of the public administration, which carries out its mission on the basis of national and international legal regulations. However, the forces and resources of the civil administration are not always able to provide assistance to all victims of crisis situations, in accordance with the applicable procedures. The implementation of procedures for providing aid and liquidating the effects of crisis situations requires specific, logistically prepared forces and resources. The legal regulations introduced on the basis of experience make it possible to use military forces to provide logistical support to the administration in crisis situations. Hence, in the second part of the article, the authors focused on presenting and familiarizing the reader with the possibility of using the Armed Forces in logistic support of civil administration, with particular emphasis on engineering troops and their support components, prepared to eliminate the effects of crisis situations.

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Mein, Arnt. « Uitbreiding bevoegdheden ter handhaving van de openbare orde en veiligheid ». Tijdschrift voor Veiligheid 9, n^o 3 (septembre 2010) : 34–44. https://doi.org/10.5553/tvv/2010009003004.

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Extension of the powers for maintaining public order and safety: weakening or strengthening the mayor’s position? Lately, mayors’ powers for maintaining public order and safety have been considerably extended, and even more powers are in preparation. These powers must enable the mayor to act quickly against public order disturbances and security threats. The novelty is that the mayor may conditionally use and exercise these new powers preventively against groups of rioters. Their freedom of action and their privacy can also be considerably curtailed. This means these powers have to be used carefully and reluctantly. If the mayor overdoes the crimefighter role, he/she may lose the public’s confidence.

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Rozentāle, Lidija. « Partnerattiecības un homofobija : tiesiskās problēmas Latvijas Republikā ». SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 1, n^o 19 (2021) : 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.19.2020.1.166-177.

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Šī raksta saturs ir balstīts uz pašas autores sākotnējiem pētījumiem. Pētījumā tika iegūti empīriski pārbaudīti argumenti, ka, ieviešot viendzimuma partnerattiecību likumu, var pasliktināties attieksme pret gejiem un lesbietēm. Lai pārliecinātos par viendzimuma partnerattiecību likuma ieviešanas ilgtermiņa ietekmi uz homofobiju, ir nepieciešams turpināt pētījumus vairākos virzienos. Līdz divdesmit pirmā gadsimta sākumam notika pilngadīgo viendzimuma seksuālo darbību dekriminalizācija, kļūstot tiesību normu, kuru iniciēja Eiropas Savienība, kā arī Eiropas Padome. Tomēr lesbiešu un geju tiesiskajās attiecībās joprojām ir dažas problemātiskas jomas, tostarp viendzimuma pāru atzīšana un viņu kā vecāku tiesības, dibinot ģimeni. In a more global context, it is known that individuals sometimes migrate in order to escape prejudice and discrimination in their country of origin by moving to a more tolerant host country where they can engage in sexual behaviour more freely. Nevertheless, there is almost no research on the consequences of immigration for LGBT people (Carrillo, 2004). Cases of homophobic assault or sexual harassment can take form of physical abuse, verbal or public, and not just public. The author has concluded that if there has been no physical contact in the case of homophobic attacks, no liability for such offenses can be found under criminal law. Analysing the responsibility for hooliganism, it can be concluded that the commission of a criminal offense in a public place does not in itself mean that the crime should be classified as hooliganism, and no other person’s interests were harmed and no serious disturbance of public peace was found. In order to be prosecuted in the case of homophobic assault or sexual harassment, the interests of other persons (society) must be harmed.

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Wan, Tsz Yiu Terry, Tsi Huen Tristan Chiew, Tsz Pan Harold Cheung, Felix Kar Yue Wong, Ching Tsoi et Karen Joe Laidler. « Parallel trading and its implications for policing the border ». Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 12, n^o 1 (3 mai 2016) : 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/stics-05-2016-004.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to gain an “insider” understanding of contemporary methods and operations in parallel trading in the North District. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from in-depth interviews and field observations, we explore how this demand has led to two major consequences. Findings First, contemporary parallel trading has resulted in the rise of an organized system with coordinated roles and a range of workers moving in concert colloquially understood as the ant-moving-home (“螞蟻搬家” or “maangai bungaa”) approach. Second, the demand for parallel goods has led to alterations in the border landscape disturbances to daily order, shortages of daily goods and rising prices which, in turn, have led to organized protests around political identity and new challenges for policing the border. Research limitations/implications Our objective is to gain an “insider” understanding of contemporary methods and operations in parallel trading in the North District. A second limitation is the problem of generalization. Given the relatively small number of interviews and limited time for field observations, this study cannot provide a generalized account of the operation of the grey economy in the North District. Originality/value This article has drawn from several data sources to construct a holistic understanding of parallel trading and the associated public disorder in the North District. While parallel trading exists in many other countries, the situation in Hong Kong is somewhat distinct, in part, because the border trading site involves “one country but two systems” and accordingly is associated with other problems in relation to public security, social disturbance and identity conflict. These newly emerged issues on policing, not covered in this study, are important to future research.

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Kim, Hyeyun, Injune Park, Kyunyong Park, Seohyun Park, Yeong In Kim et Byong-Gon Park. « The Positive Effects of Poria cocos Extract on Quality of Sleep in Insomnia Rat Models ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 11 (29 mai 2022) : 6629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116629.

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Sleep disorders may have various causes and can incur mental and/or physical symptoms, and affect an individual’s quality of life. In this study, we confirm that the Poria cocos extract (PCET) can improve sleep quality and structure by promoting inhibitory neurotransmission via the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA) receptors based on the mechanisms revealed in the experiment with superior cervical ganglion neurons. Pentobarbital-induced sleep tests were conducted in order to determine whether the PCET extract improves the sleep quality and structure in normal ICR mice. Sleep latency and duration were checked with the righting reflex. To simulate the state of awakening as well as a normal sleep state, caffeine was administered orally before the PCET diet. After oral gavage of PCET, sleep latency was decreased, and total sleep duration was increased in normal and caffeine-induced sleep disturbance state. In the ACTH-induced sleep disturbed models, administration of PCET significantly reduced the sleep latency and increased the non-REM sleep duration, which was analyzed in real-time EEG by implanting wireless electrodes in SD rats. PCET was found to improve the sleep quality under a normal sleep state through the GABAA receptor; it also promoted and improved the sleep quality and sleep structure in both the arousal activation state and stress-based sleep disturbance.

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Thi Bich Ngoc, Nguyen, et Ly The Dan. « Design of the landscape diversity of commercial streets in the old downtown of Ho Chi Minh City ». MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018) : 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819301017.

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Ho Chi Minh City is a city with many cultures, architectural styles, and different lifestyles. This makes Ho Chi Minh City characterized as a diverse city satisfying the different elements: spatial diversity, cultural diversity. According to the Saigon master plan of Coffyn designed in the early 20th century, together with public spaces, the commercial areas of Ho Chi Minh City were also identified as the main points for the city development. Therefore, the commercial streets in its old downtown also showed very obvious diversity. Vietnamese people have adjusted the urban spaces planned by French people in order to match with their lifestyle for more than 100 years. Besides, many old commercial buildings have been demolished and replaced with new buildings, causing the disturbance of life and cultural values of the city, leaving many streets losing their original landscapes and getting the same style. Their uncontrolled diverse development causes the clutter, loss of order, and insecurity. From this above situation, the author has chosen the subject “Design of the landscape diversity of commercial streets in the old downtown of Ho Chi Minh City” in order to find the oriented development for those streets on the basis of maintaining and developing their inherent diverse characteristics.

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CHOROMAŃSKA, AGNIESZKA, et Justyna Jurczak. « POLICE OPERATIONS SIMULATOR IN THE CONTEXT OF EVALUATION RESEARCH CARRIED OUT AT THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO IN 2014–2019 ». PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY 138, n^o 2 (27 août 2020) : 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3671.

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The main objective of the article is to present the results of the evaluation carried out among participants of a specialist training course for police operations commanders which was offered by the Police Academy in Szczytno in 2014–2019. The course in question uses a police operations simulator as a modern technology tool for responding to emergencies. Both the functionality of the simulator and a modern form of simulation training, which has replaced the previous theoretical work based on paper maps, have completely changed the methods employed for in-service training, thanks to which teaching outcomes can be achieved more effectively, and police offi cers’ skills can be developed and refi ned with practice. The use of the police operations simulator for training purposes improves police command and control systems and increases the level of in-service training received by commanding offi cers, which in turn results in an effective management of human and material resources while carrying out police operations targeted at the maintenance of public order and safety at major events, including sports events, public gatherings and ceremonies, and any different forms of disturbance to public order. Evaluated have been the following issues: assessment of the training course curriculum, the knowledge and practical skills acquired during the course, and the level of satisfaction of the respondents with their participation in the course. Of key importance has been to identify the extent to which the Police Academy’s training efforts and research projects in the area of internal security affect the development of the system of in-service training offered to police offi cers.

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Gong, Xinhui, et Luyao Ma. « Study on the Determination and the Litigation Procedure Application of the Crime of Cyber Defamation in China ». Studies in Law and Justice 2, n^o 4 (décembre 2023) : 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/slj.2023.12.09.

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In the incrimination standards of “serious circumstance” of the crime of cyber defamation in Chinese criminal law, distorted data should be excluded from the “quantity standard” and the “quantity standard” should be used only as an auxiliary judgment standard. The “social order” and “the state’s interests” involved as the conditions for public prosecution should be correctly defined, and the simple disturbances of cyberspace order and psychological order cannot be recognized as “seriously undermine social order”. As the landing point of many applicable public prosecution situations, the “adverse social impact” cannot be interpreted through the system to arrive at “seriously undermine social order”. In defamation cases against public figures, the public’s right to freedom of expression and supervision should be taken into account, as well as the public figure’s ability to control social resources. In terms of the applications of litigation procedures, a correct interpretation should be made of the principle of “be investigated only if they are sued”, and the responsibility of public security organs to assist in providing evidence should be implemented. For general cases of cyber defamation, the principle of “be investigated only if they are sued” should be sticked with, and when meeting the conditions for the application of the public prosecution procedures, interests should be weighed between the protection of the public interest and respect for the victim’s wishes, so as to achieve an accurate grasp of the state’s right to public prosecution.

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Gilang Gemilang, Yasmirah Mandasari Saragih, Mhd. Azhali Siregar et Askamaini Askamaini. « The Role Of The Police In Combating Terrorism Crimes ». International Journal of Sociology and Law 1, n^o 3 (14 juin 2024) : 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.62951/ijsl.v1i3.108.

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The existence of the police is essential in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, because the police are structured in such a way from the regions to the center and are also in accordance with the duties and functions of the police in creating public security and enforcing the law. The problem raised in this research is: what are the steps taken by the National Police in tackling criminal acts of financing terrorism? What are the obstacles to the National Police in dealing with criminal acts of terrorism?This research is directed towards normative, or doctrinal, juridical legal research which is also referred to as library research or document study, because it is mostly carried out on secondary data in libraries. The results of the research and discussion explain the role of the National Police in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, namely maintaining public security and order, which is a dynamic condition of society as one of the prerequisites for implementing the national development process in order to achieve national goals which are characterized by ensuring security, order and the rule of law, as well as fostering it. peace, which contains the ability to foster and develop the potential and strength of society in warding off, preventing and overcoming all forms of law violations and other forms of disturbance that can disturb society. The National Police's efforts to tackle terrorism include repressive efforts, preventive efforts and preemptive efforts. The obstacle for the National Police in tackling terrorism is that it is hampered by the synergy of cross-sectoral cooperation, namely between the police, regional government and other related agencies.

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Lapinskis, Jānis. « Geomorphing effect of sand fences in primary dunes of Gulf of Riga ». Landscape architecture and art 18 (7 octobre 2021) : 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2021.18.09.

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Finding a the most appropriate solution for the problems caused by coastal eros ion is very important, as erosion prevention and habitat management measures must promote the restoration of the natural balance (order of things before anthropogenic disturbances) and restore the coastal status quo as much as possible [6; 2]. Dune fences are a very widespread erosion management tool on developed sandy coastal areas due to ease of installation, inexpensiveness, and generally positive public attitude [1]. Effectiveness and impact of fences have also been studied in many places around the world, however previous studies in Latvia have been very limited and episodic [16]. This article shows the observed dune and high beach area evolution of the coast in Riga, a somewhat developed coastal section on the top of the Gulf of Riga, Latvia, over a 4-year period from 2017 to 2020. Dune fences were installed along several short, but significantly disturbed sections of coast in 2018 and 2019. Implementation area is one of the busiest parts of the coast of Latvia dealing with the highest level of anthropogenic disturbance. Data has been derived from cross-shore transects (n=12) along the 17 km long coastal section between Daugava and Gauja river mouths. The findings generally indicate a very intense initial wind driven sand accumulation in the target areas compared to the background situation. It also seems that such a method may in the longer term be responsible for reduction of the primary dune height and beach width.

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Budiwati, Anisah. « Akurasi Arah Kiblat Masjid di Ruang Publik ». JSSH (Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Humaniora) 2, n^o 1 (28 mars 2018) : 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/jssh.v2i1.2275.

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This research explores the concept of understanding of mosque managers in the public space about the importance of facing the direction of Qibla. Samples Mosque located in the public space of the Hospital Jogja International Hospital, Adisutjipto Airport and Mall Plaza Ambarrukmo be proof of the tendency of pattern of understanding of managers of religious orders to face the direction of Qiblah correctly. By using qualitative analysis method and data collection method in the form of observation, interview and documentation, it is found that first, that understanding of mosque managers in public space at three places reflects the quality of life of Islami ie measuring to the expert so that the direction of qibla . Secondly, the accuracy of the direction of the mosque building in the public space in Sleman Yogyakarta is included in the category of accurate with the maximum reason for the 6 minute arc disturbance, where the direction of the largest deviation on the mosques is 0o 1 '20.8 "or equivalent to 3,074 km which means still leads the city of Mecca.Keywords: Accuracy, Understanding and Mosque in Public Space Penelitian ini menggali konsep pemahaman para pengelola Masjid di ruang publik tentang pentingnya menghadap arah kiblat. Sampel Masjid yang berada di ruang publik yakni Rumah Sakit Jogja International Hospital, Bandara Adisutjipto dan Mall Plaza Ambarrukmo menjadi bukti kecenderungan pola pemahaman pengelola terhadap perintah agama untuk menghadap ke arah kiblat dengan tepat. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif dan metode pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi diperoleh hasil penelitian, pertama bahwa pemahaman para pengelola masjid di ruang publik pada tiga tempat tersebut mencerminkan kualitas hidup Islami yakni melakukan pengukuran kepada pihak ahli sehingga arah kiblat sesuai dengan keilmuan astronomi. Kedua, akurasi atau ketelitian arah kiblat bangunan Masjid di ruang publik di Sleman Yogyakarta termasuk dalam kategori akurat dengan alasan maksimal penyimpangan 6 menit busur, di mana arah penyimpangan paling besar pada masjid-masjid tersebut adalah 0o 1’ 20,8” atau setara 3,074 km yang berarti masih mengarah kota Mekah.Kata kunci: Akurasi, Pemahaman dan Masjid di Ruang Publik

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Tampubolon, Wahyu Simon. « PERAN BHABINKAMTIBMAS SERTA MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN GANGGUAN KEAMANAN DAN PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI KABUPATEN LABUHANBATU ». JURNAL ILMIAH ADVOKASI 8, n^o 2 (23 octobre 2020) : 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v8i2.1863.

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The Indonesian National Police is directly responsible under the President. The police carry out police duties throughout Indonesia. The police are one of the foremost persons of society, the role of the police at this time is as a guardian of security and order as well as law enforcement officers in society related to criminal law, the police are able to carry out their duties professionally, where their birth originates from the community, according to their needs and desires they. This is done in order to create a situation and conditions that are safe, orderly, serene, and peaceful in social life, which then develops in accordance with developments and changes in state conditions. The National Police, which started from the public side, is now on the side of the state, which has a role to face and control the community itself. Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia, the duties, authorities and rights of the police, in which Article 2 the function of the National Police is to maintain security and public order (kamtibmas).In accordance with the philosophical foundation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is Pancasila which is the basis of our country, especially the fourth principle "Democracy led by Wisdom in Deliberation / Representation". The fourth precept of this Pancasila, requires that the resolution of disputes, conflicts or cases be carried out through deliberation to reach a consensus which is embraced by a family spirit. This means that any dispute, conflict or case that needs to be built through negotiation or peace procedures between the disputing parties to reach a mutual agreement. Initially court mediation tended to be facultative or voluntary (voluntary), but now it leads to imperative or future (mandatory).Keywords: Bhabinkamtibmas, Society, disturbance, dispute resolution

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Petovar, Ksenija, et Vesna Jokic. « The right of servitude between public interest and undisturbed use of private property ». Spatium, n^o 26 (2011) : 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat1126007p.

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For obtaining the land in order to build the magistral pipeline a specific form of land expropriation is applied, namely the Right of servitude. The Right of servitude can be realized on the basis of established public interest, which can be defined according to the spatial plan of the relevant area. The Right of servitude is analyzed from the point of its influence on the respect of basic human rights of property owners to enjoy their property in safety and without disturbance. Current legal framework in Serbia that regulates procedures for acquiring land for the purpose of public interest allows for breach of private property rights. There is a mutual inconsistency between a number of decrees that regulate property rights for large infrastructural development projects. A specific, and possibly a greater problem, is the status of the local population, the land owner and other real estate. It concerns their awareness of their private and individual rights, as well as technical and other legal standards, which must be applied during the preparation, construction and working stages of an energy facility. Applying the Right of servitude as a way to acquire land for construction of the Pipeline, there is direct breach of the basic human right as stated in the first Protocol of the European Convention on Human Rights, namely that ?every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions? (Article 1, Protocol 1). The Right of servitude allows the investor to use ?public interest? as a way of gaining access to another?s land, and under better financial conditions than if he were to apply permanent expropriation. While the owner retains his/her ownership of the land, inconvenienced by numerous limitations of its use, usability and market value of the land becomes substantially reduced.

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Miladinović-Stefanović, Dušica. « Dissemination of fake news, COVID-19 pandemic and criminal law ». Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 61, n^o 97 (2022) : 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn1-431586.

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The health crisis caused by the global spread of the infectious disease COVID-19 has generated significant changes in many segments of human life, leading to a new narrative on the so-called "new normality". Without elaborating on the meaning of this phrase and the implications of declaring everything we have been through in the past period as normal, the paper analyzes only one aspect of these changes. It refers to a surge of different (dis)information we have been flooded with from various sources. In theoretical discourse, this phenomenon has already been designated as infodemia, a coined and rather illustrative concept. In the conventional media, and particularly on the Internet and social networks, there is a proliferation of ample content on the COVID disease, ways of treatment, the functioning of the economy, crime rates in the new circumstances, etc. The contradictory nature of these contents often causes confusion and panic in the general public, turmoil and disturbance of public order and peace, but it also aggravates the implementation of decisions and measures of state bodies or the functioning of organizations in charge of performing public authorities. The paper is an attempt to critically consider the criminal law reaction to the dissemination of false news in the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic. The author first presents the Serbian normative framework on this matter in emergency situations, refers to selected foreign legislations, and analyzes the available data on the practical application of legal provisions in extraordinary circumstances.

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Muñoz-García, C. I., E. Berriatua et C. Martínez-Carrasco. « What do we know about parasites of wildlife in high biodiversity areas with anthropogenic disturbance ? The special case of Mexico ». Animal Health Research Reviews 19, n^o 2 (décembre 2018) : 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252318000087.

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AbstractThe continual rise of anthropogenic disturbance of ecosystems has been associated with an increasing incidence of emerging diseases. The largest amount of data on emerging diseases relates to bacterial and viral pathogens, but there is a lack of parasite data, especially from wildlife. Monitoring wildlife parasitic diseases should be considered a priority, especially in high biodiversity regions with strong anthropogenic impacts, like Mexico, where the wildlife/livestock/human interface is associated with increased risk of disease transmission. Mexico belongs to the top-ten megadiverse countries and is located between two biogeographic regions. This situation makes Mexico a favourable region for the spillover of animal pathogens to human beings, causing pandemics, such as the one recently caused by influenza virus A (H1N1). The current state of knowledge of Mexican wildlife parasites is scarce and focuses mainly in Neotropical fauna. Moreover, this knowledge is heterogeneous for different parasite groups, especially concerning their pathologic effects and epidemiology. The goals of this review are to compile information on Mexican wildlife parasites and to identify knowledge gaps in order to stimulate research on pending epidemiological, public health, ecological and pathological areas, and to encourage the creation of more specialized groups from the perspective of the One-Health concept.

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Kobzar, O., et O. Romashko. « ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT AND ESSENCE OF MASS DISTURBANCE AS AN OBJECT OF TERMINATION BY UNITS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE ». Scientific journal of the National Academy of National Guard "Honor and Law" 2, n^o 85 (2023) : 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33405/2078-7480/2023/2/85/282526.

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The article analyzes the content and essence of mass riots as an object of suppression by units of the National Guard of Ukraine. The positions and opinions of scientists and researchers regarding mass riots as a social phenomenon, an illegal act and as an object of termination by the National Guard of Ukraine were studied. The author proves the position that, in the modern sense, mass riots are not only a social phenomenon, but first of all a criminally punishable act. At the same time, from the point of view of the need to stop them by the National Guard of Ukraine, this social manifestation is characterized by a system of other criteria, which in turn does not exclude the illegality and high public danger of the corresponding actions, which determines the need for immediate response by law enforcement agencies to these processes. It has been proven that the content and essence of the powers of the National Guard of Ukraine in general and the servicemen of individual units and units determine the normative possibility and objective obligations to stop mass riots on the territory of Ukraine, thus fragmenting the need to stop a mass riot as an act of illegal behavior and the need for further pre-trial investigation of such actions by other subjects of law enforcement agencies. The conclusion was reached that the essence of a mass riot consists in the organized commission of actions directed against public order and morality, accompanied by violence, pogroms, arson, destruction of property, seizure of buildings or structures, forcible eviction of citizens, resistance to representatives of the authorities with the use of weapons. The prospect of further scientific research is the need for a more detailed study of the powers of the National Guard of Ukraine to stop mass riots under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine.

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Truchan, Jarosław Radosław. « Selected Security Information Systems ». Internal Security 12, n^o 2 (30 décembre 2020) : 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6695.

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At present, one of the main areas ensuring the proper functioning of services responsible for security is ICT systems, which are used to obtain, store and process relevant information and to support the performance of statutory tasks. When carrying out their statutory tasks, the Polish police use centralised, advanced IT systems and databases, e.g. the National Police Information System (hereinafter referred to as the KSIP). At the same time, the development of technology generates the need to constantly modify this line of activity. The necessity of being adaptable to the ever-changing environment has encouraged the Police Academy in Szczytno and its partners to launch the project entitled: Information and analysis system to support risk management when planning and carrying out police operations (hereinafter referred to as the SIA). Innovative in nature, the project is being implemented based on, among others, expert interviews conducted among police commanding officers. The SIA is being built using the data collected and stored in the police ICT systems and obtained from other sources. The works will result in the development of a possibly full application with planning and decision-making mechanisms and forecasting algorithms, which will provide information on probable successes and necessary investments in possible scenarios of police activities to be undertaken in a specific situation of massive disturbance to public order and safety. The proposed solution is the IT system that serves both as a presentation and simulation of possible incidents in the virtual environment. The author presents the functioning of selected modern ICT systems, and their role and importance in supporting decision-making processes when ensuring public order and safety.

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