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Articles de revues sur le sujet « DMNG-3 »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 3 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Zhang, Xin-Guo, Fei Kou, Guo-Di MA, Peng Tang, and Zhong-Duo Yang. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, DMNG-3." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 76, no. 2 (2016): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21307/ane-2017-011.

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Singru, Praful S., Edith Sánchez, Csaba Fekete, and Ronald M. Lechan. "Importance of Melanocortin Signaling in Refeeding-Induced Neuronal Activation and Satiety." Endocrinology 148, no. 2 (2007): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1233.

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To identify regions in the hypothalamus involved in refeeding and their regulation by α-MSH, adult rats were subjected to a 3-d fast, and 2 h after refeeding, the distribution of c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons was elucidated. Compared with fed and fasted animals, a significant increase (P &lt; 0.001) in the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive cells was identified in refed animals in the supraoptic nucleus, magnocellular and ventral parvocellular subdivisions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVNv), and the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the dorsomedial nucleus (DMNd and DMNv, respe

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Bellinger, Larry L., James F. Evans, Connie M. Tillberg, and Dorothy W. Gietzen. "Effects of dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei lesions on intake of an imbalanced amino acid diet." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 1 (1999): R250—R262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.1.r250.

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Within 3 h of ingesting an imbalanced amino acid diet (Imb), rats show attenuated intake, which can be ameliorated by prior administration of the serotonin receptor antagonist tropisetron (Trop). Earlier work in which the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMN) was electrolytically lesioned (DMNL) determined that this structure plays a role in the early detection of and subsequent adaptation to Imb. However, that study did not address whether cell bodies in the DMN, fibers of passage, or both were involved in the DMNL response to Imb. In the present investigation in experiment 1, rats were give

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Eum, Jaehong, Youseong Kim, Daniel Um, Jiwoo Shin, Huisuk Yang, and Hyungil Jung. "Solvent-Free Polycaprolactone Dissolving Microneedles Generated via the Thermal Melting Method for the Sustained Release of Capsaicin." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (2021): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020167.

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(1) Background: Dissolving microneedles (DMNs), a transdermal drug delivery system, have been developed to treat various diseases in a minimally invasive, painless manner. However, the currently available DMNs are based on burst release systems due to their hydrophilic backbone polymer. Although hydrophobic biodegradable polymers have been employed on DMNs for sustained release, dissolution in an organic solvent is required for fabrication of such DMNs. (2) Method: To overcome the aforementioned limitation, novel separable polycaprolactone (PCL) DMNs (SPCL-DMNs) were developed to implant a PCL

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Yan, Chenxin, Mengzhen Xing, Suohui Zhang, and Yunhua Gao. "Clinical Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Component Dissolving Microneedle Patch for Skin Pigmentation Disorders." Polymers 15, no. 15 (2023): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153296.

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Excessive melanin deposition in the skin leads to various skin pigmentation diseases, such as chloasma and age spots. The deposition is induced by several factors, including tyrosinase activities and ultraviolet-induced oxidative stress. Herein, we propose a multi-component, multi-pathway drug combination, with glabridin, 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid, and tranexamic acid employed as, respectively, a tyrosinase inhibitor, an antioxidant, and a melanin transmission inhibitor. Considering the poor skin permeability associated with topical application, dissolving microneedles (MNs) prepared with hyal

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Yoshinari, Tadashi, and David Shafer. "Degradation of dimethyl nitrosamine by Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 12 (1990): 834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-144.

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The degradation of dimethyl nitrosoamine (DMNA) by a methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, was studied using 14C-labelled DMNA. The organism was capable of assimilating DMNA-carbon and converting it to CO2. The rates of CO2 production [Formula: see text] from DMNA and its cellular uptake (VP) were linearly correlated with DMNA concentrations of 0.03–10 mM, which corresponded to approximately 3% of added DMNA metabolized in 24 h. These rates were two to three orders of magnitude less than the rate of uptake of methane [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] was suppressed when the con

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Li, Tzu-Ling, Lih-Chu Chiou, You Shuei Lin, Jing-Ru Hsieh, and Ling-Ling Hwang. "Electrophysiological study on the effects of leptin in rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 6 (2007): R2136—R2143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00563.2006.

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Immunoreactivity of leptin receptor (Ob-R) has been detected in rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV). Here, we confirmed the presence of Ob-R immunoreactivity on retrograde-labeled parasympathetic preganglionic neurons in the DMNV of neonatal rats. The present study investigated the effects of leptin on DMNV neurons, including parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, by using whole cell patch-clamp recording technique in brain stem slices of neonatal rats. Leptin (30–300 nM) induced membrane depolarization and hyperpolarization, respectively, in 14 and 15 out of 80 DMNV neurons tested. B

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Jameson, Heather, Ryan Bateman, Peter Byrne, et al. "Oxytocin neuron activation prevents hypertension that occurs with chronic intermittent hypoxia/hypercapnia in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 310, no. 11 (2016): H1549—H1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00808.2015.

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Hypertension is a common outcome associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a prevalent yet poorly treated cardiovascular disease. Recent studies showed oxytocin (OXT), released from hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons, activates cardiac vagal neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) and may blunt cardiovascular responses to stress. This study tests whether the release of OXT from PVN fibers in the DMNX is diminished with chronic intermittent hypoxia-hypercapnia (CIH/H) exposure, an animal model of OSA, and whether activation of PVN OXT neurons restores OXT re

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ZULCAIF, ZULCAIF, NADIAH ZAFAR, ASIF MAHMOOD, and RAI MUHAMMAD SARFRAZ. "TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC POLYMER BASED DISSOLVABLE MICRONEEDLE PATCHES HAVING VARIABLE RELEASE PROFILES." Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 56, no. 7-8 (2022): 777–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35812/cellulosechemtechnol.2022.56.69.

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Acute toxicity studies of dissolvable microneedle (dMN) patches fabricated from a combination of polymers, i.e. thiolated chitosan (TCS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were performed to determine the safety of polymers on white albino rabbits. The selected albino rabbits were categorized into four groups. Group I was a control group, whereas groups II, III and IV were administered different doses of polymeric dMN patches. The food and water uptake and the weight of the animals were observed before and after administration of the microneedle patch on days 1, 3, 5, 7 a

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Martin, K., T. H. Kong, W. Renehan, et al. "Identification and function of brain stem neurons regulating rat ileal water absorption." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 257, no. 2 (1989): G266—G273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.2.g266.

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The central nervous system (CNS) regions regulating ileal water and ion absorption are unknown. We determined 1) the CNS origin of brain stem neurons that directly innervate the rat ileum, and 2) that these neurons influence intestinal water absorption. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the muscle layer of the rat ileum. The brains were examined for HRP reaction product (HRPRP) 3, 5, or 7 days later. Only cell bodies of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) were labeled. Unilateral cervical vagotomy prevented deposition in the ipsilateral DMNV. To determine whether the DMNV

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Kato, K., H. Yang, and Y. Tache. "Low doses of TRH analogue act in the dorsal motor nucleus to induce gastric protection in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 269, no. 6 (1995): R1301—R1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.6.r1301.

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Mechanisms involved in central thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue RX-77368-induced prevention of gastric lesions were investigated in urethan-anesthetized rats. Gastric lesions were induced by intragastric administration of ethanol (4 ml/kg) and assessed 1 h later by macroscopic visualization using computerized image analysis. RX-77368 (3, 5, and 10 ng) microinjected into the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) decreased ethanol-induced gastric lesions by 79, 68, and 61%, respectively. RX-77368 at 1.5, 15, or 30 ng into the DMN or at 3 or 10 ng into the nucleus of the solitary tr

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Chien, Shu-Chen, Wei-Chiao Chang, Pu-Hua Lin, et al. "A Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, Prevents Dimethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/217525.

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Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san (JWXYS) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used to treat neuropsychological disorders. Only a few of the hepatoprotective effects of JWXYS have been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of JWXYS on dimethylnitrosamine- (DMN-) induced chronic hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in rats and to clarify the mechanism through which JWXYS exerts these effects. After the rats were treated with DMN for 3 weeks, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels were signific

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Weaver, Kurt E., Andrew Poliakov, Edward J. Novotny, Jared D. Olson, Thomas J. Grabowski, and Jeffrey G. Ojemann. "Electrocorticography and the early maturation of high-frequency suppression within the default mode network." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 21, no. 2 (2018): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.7.peds17269.

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OBJECTIVEThe acquisition and refinement of cognitive and behavioral skills during development is associated with the maturation of various brain oscillatory activities. Most developmental investigations have identified distinct patterns of low-frequency electrophysiological activity that are characteristic of various behavioral milestones. In this investigation, the authors focused on the cross-sectional developmental properties of high-frequency spectral power from the brain’s default mode network (DMN) during goal-directed behavior.METHODSThe authors contrasted regionally specific, time-evol

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Kormilainen, Riku, Rasmus Luomaniemi, Anu Lehtovuori, and Ville Viikari. "A Lumped-Element Decoupling and Matching Network for a Four-Element Mobile Handset MIMO Antenna." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (October 23, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1934726.

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This paper presents the first realization of a lumped-element decoupling and matching network (DMN) for more than two-element mobile MIMO arrays. The realization of the DMN is based on an existing method, which is improved in terms of bandwidth and the number of network elements. The array is designed to operate in the 2.6–2.7 GHz LTE band. The DMN is applied to a four-element MIMO antenna array located on one side of the mobile phone chassis. The array initially has a strong coupling of −3 dB, which is improved to −7 dB with the DMN. In other words, this denotes a reduction of 30 percentage p

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Cheng, Zixi (Jack), Hong Zhang, Shang Z. Guo, Robert Wurster, and David Gozal. "Differential control over postganglionic neurons in rat cardiac ganglia by NA and DmnX neurons: anatomical evidence." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 286, no. 4 (2004): R625—R633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00143.2003.

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In previous single-labeling experiments, we showed that neurons in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DmnX) project to intrinsic cardiac ganglia. Neurons in these two motor nuclei differ significantly in the size of their projection fields, axon caliber, and endings in cardiac ganglia. These differences in NA and DmnX axon cardiac projections raise the question as to whether they target the same, distinct, or overlapping populations of cardiac principal neurons. To address this issue, we examined vagal terminals in cardiac ganglia and tracer injection sites in

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Chitravanshi, Vineet C., Kazumi Kawabe, and Hreday N. Sapru. "Stimulation of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus increases brown adipose tissue nerve activity via hypothalamic paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 2 (2016): H433—H444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00176.2016.

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Hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARCN) stimulation elicited increases in sympathetic nerve activity (IBATSNA) and temperature (TBAT) of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT). The role of hypothalamic dorsomedial (DMN) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei in mediating these responses was studied in urethane-anesthetized, artificially ventilated, male Wistar rats. In different groups of rats, inhibition of neurons in the DMN and PVN by microinjections of muscimol attenuated the increases in IBATSNA and TBAT elicited by microinjections of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid into the ipsilateral ARCN. In other

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Nogueira, Marlene, Juliana da Silva Magalhães, Adriana Sampaio, Sónia Sousa, and Joana F. Coutinho. "Examining Insula–Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity and Its Relationship with Heart Rate Variability." Brain Sciences 15, no. 1 (2025): 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15010037.

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Background: The Default Mode Network (DMN) is involved in self-referential and emotional processes, while the insula integrates emotional and interoceptive signals. Functional connectivity between the insula and the DMN is proposed to enhance these processes by linking internal bodily states with self-referential thoughts and emotional regulation. Heart Rate Variability (HRV), a measure of parasympathetic regulation of cardiac activity, has been associated with the capacity to regulate autonomic arousal. This study explored the relationship between insula–DMN functional connectivity and HRV. W

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Usunobun, Usunomena, and Ngozi Okolie. "Effect of Annona muricata pre-treatment on liver synthetic ability, kidney function and hematological parameters in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-administered rats." International Journal of Medicine 4, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v4i1.5709.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong>Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) is a potent hepatotoxin, carcinogen and mutagen which exerts carcinogenic effects and induces hepatic necrosis in experimental animals through metabolic activation by CYP2E1. This study thus evaluated efficacies of <em>Annona muricata</em> pre-treatment on acute dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced anemia and biochemical alterations in male albino rats.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>Four (4) groups of six (6) rats each were used for the study. Group 1 served as control and was untreated

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Pereira, V., and P. de Castro-Manglano. "The Effects of Medication on Default Mode Network (DMN) Connectivity in Attention Deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Bibliographic Review." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1022.

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IntroductionADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder comprising brain structural and functional alterations, especially in default mode network (DMN), as MRI studies have recently shown. However, it is not clear in which extent medication for ADHD may influence the activity of these networks.ObjectivesThe main purpose is to look up published evidence about the effects of ADHD medication on the connectivity of DMN in patients as measured with functional-MRI.MethodsA review was conducted with Pubmed, using search terms ‘default mode network’+ ‘ADHD’ + ‘medication’/‘methylphenidate’/‘atomoxetine’/‘s

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Androulakis, X. Michelle, Kaitlin Krebs, B. Lee Peterlin, et al. "Modulation of intrinsic resting-state fMRI networks in women with chronic migraine." Neurology 89, no. 2 (2017): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004089.

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Objective:To evaluate the intrinsic resting functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN) network in women with chronic migraine (CM), and whether clinical features are associated with such abnormalities.Methods:We analyzed resting-state connectivity in 29 women with CM as compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Relationships between clinical characteristics and changes in targeted networks connectivity were evaluated using a multivariate linear regression model.Results:All 3 major intrinsic brain networks were less coh

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Smith, Erin I. "Neuroscience and Self in Interdisciplinary Dialogue." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 75, no. 1 (2023): 2–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf3-23smith.

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Although the role of the DMN in understanding self has not reached scientific consensus, a consideration of the DMN and the results of its dysfunction may stimulate interdisciplinary dialogue in at least two ways related to questions of selves. First, given the ongoing discussion about the proper interpretation of DMN data, this area may benefit from non-empirical, interdisciplinary contributions toward understanding selves. Second, the centrality of the DMN to selves suggests a healthy DMN is necessary (though not sufficient) for a healthy self. Practices for healthy DMN functioning can contr

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Chong, Joanna Su Xian, Hyemin Jang, Hee Jin Kim, et al. "Amyloid and cerebrovascular burden divergently influence brain functional network changes over time." Neurology 93, no. 16 (2019): e1514-e1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008315.

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ObjectiveTo examine the effects of baseline Alzheimer disease and cerebrovascular disease markers on longitudinal default mode network (DMN) and executive control network (ECN) functional connectivity (FC) changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsWe studied 30 patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 55 patients with subcortical vascular MCI (svMCI) with baseline Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)–PET scans and longitudinal MRI scans. Participants were followed up clinically with annual MRI for up to 4 years (aMCI: 26 with 2 timepoints, 4 with 3 timepoints; svMCI: 13 with 2 timepoints, 16 with

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Alherz, Fatemah A., Daniyah A. Almarghalani, Noor A. Hussein, Katsuhisa Kurogi, and Ming-Cheh Liu. "A reappraisal of the 6-O-desmethylnaproxen-sulfating activity of the human cytosolic sulfotransferases." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, no. 6 (2017): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2016-0403.

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In this study, we aimed to obtain a comprehensive account of the human cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) that are capable of sulfating 6-O-desmethylnaproxen (O-DMN), a major metabolite of naproxen. Of the 13 known human SULTs tested, 7 (SULT1A1, SULT1A2, SULT1A3, SULT1B1, SULT1C2, SULT1C4, and SULT1E1) displayed O-DMN-sulfating activity, when analyzed using an elevated substrate concentration (500 μmol·L−1) together with 14 μmol·L−1 of the sulfate donor, 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). At 10 μmol·L−1 O-DMN concentration, however, only SULT1A1 and SULT1A3 displayed detectable ac

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Usunomena, U., N. Paulinus Okolie, and I. Gerald Eze. "Inhibitory Effect of Vernonia amygdalina on Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology (IJCPT) 4, no. 4 (2015): 179–84. https://doi.org/10.19070/2167-910X-1500030.

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In this study, the protective effect of Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic leaf extract against hepatic fibrosis induced by repeated intermittent administration of Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was investigated in rats. A total of 48 rats divided into 4 groups were used. Group 1 served as control, Group 2 received 200mg/kg Vernonia amygdalina only for 14days, Group 3 received 200mg/kg Vernonia amygdalina for 14 days followed by intraperitoneal administration of 10mg/kg DMN on first three days of each week for 2 weeks, while Group 4 received intraperitoneal administration of 10mg/kg

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Xia, Ze-Feng, Danielle M. Fritze, Ji-Yao Li, et al. "Nesfatin-1 inhibits gastric acid secretion via a central vagal mechanism in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 303, no. 5 (2012): G570—G577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2012.

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Nesfatin-1, a novel hypothalamic peptide, inhibits nocturnal feeding behavior and gastrointestinal motility in rodents. The effects of nesfatin-1 on gastrointestinal secretory function, including gastric acid production, have not been evaluated. Nesfatin-1 was injected into the fourth intracerebral ventricle (4V) of chronically cannulated rats to identify a nesfatin dose sufficient to inhibit food intake. Nesfatin-1 (2 μg) inhibited dark-phase food intake, in a dose-dependent fashion, for >3 h. Gastric acid production was evaluated in urethane-anesthetized rats. Nesfatin-1 (2 μg) was introd

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Goh, Tan, Goh, et al. "Nobiletin and Derivatives: Functional Compounds from Citrus Fruit Peel for Colon Cancer Chemoprevention." Cancers 11, no. 6 (2019): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060867.

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The search for effective methods of cancer treatment and prevention has been a continuous effort since the disease was discovered. Recently, there has been increasing interest in exploring plants and fruits for molecules that may have potential as either adjuvants or as chemopreventive agents against cancer. One of the promising compounds under extensive research is nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxyflavone (PMF) extracted exclusively from citrus peel. Not only does nobiletin itself exhibit anti-cancer properties, but its derivatives are also promising chemopreventive agents; examples of derivativ

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Willis, A., M. Mihalevich, R. A. Neff, and D. Mendelowitz. "Three types of postsynaptic glutamatergic receptors are activated in DMNX neurons upon stimulation of NTS." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 271, no. 6 (1996): R1614—R1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.6.r1614.

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While it is widely accepted that parasympathetic activity plays a significant role in cardiovascular, bronchomotor, and gastrointestinal function, little is known about the synaptic control of parasympathetic vagal neurons. In this study, we identified the neurotransmitter(s) and postsynaptic responses in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) neurons upon stimulation of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Neurons were visualized in rat brain stem slices, and perforated patch-clamp techniques were used to record postsynaptic currents. NTS stimulation activated glutamatergic currents in

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Hall, J. C., and A. S. Feng. "Classification of the temporal discharge patterns of single auditory neurons in the dorsal medullary nucleus of the northern leopard frog." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 5 (1990): 1460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.5.1460.

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1. The dorsal medullary nucleus (DMN) of frogs is the presumed homolog of the mammalian cochlear nucleus (CN). Like the CN, the DMN is the sole target of centrally projecting primary auditory-nerve fibers and the first central auditory-processing center. To study the transformation of acoustic information in the DMN, we have utilized relatively simple stimuli--tone bursts--to detail the temporal discharge patterns of DMN neurons that can be compared with those shown by auditory-nerve fibers. 2. Based on the shape of poststimulus time (PSTH) and interspike interval (ISIH) histograms, we observe

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Usunobun, Usunomena, and Ngozi Okolie. "Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) exposed rats: Vernonia amygdalina pre-treatment enhances immunity, hepatic and renal function." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 1 (2016): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i1.5811.

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<p><strong>Background:</strong> The occurrence of dietary and environmental chemicals such as dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in drinks and foods including fish and meat as well as fresh supermarket products is well established. This study evaluated protective effect of ethanolic leaf extract of <em>Vernonia amygdalina</em> (VAE) on liver synthetic molecules, kidney function and hematological parameters in acute dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic toxicity in wistar male rats.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Experimental rats divided into f

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Thirupathi, A., PC Silveira, RT Nesi та RA Pinho. "β-Amyrin, a pentacyclic triterpene, exhibits anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects on dimethyl nitrosamine–induced hepatic fibrosis in male rats". Human & Experimental Toxicology 36, № 2 (2016): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327116638727.

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Hepatic fibrosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Attenuation of fibrogenic process can significantly lower the mortality rate. However, pharmaceutical intervention at fibrogenesis stage remains a major task in medicine. So there is a need for a natural compound to treat hepatic fibrosis. This study was outlined to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of β-amyrin in dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatic fibrosis male rats. Serum liver function markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase), oxidative stress mar

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Spirichev, A. A., K. Yu Moiseev, P. A. Anfimova, G. A. Tarasova, and P. M. Masliukov. "Age-Dependent Influence of Cholecystokinin on the Impulse Activity of Neurons in the Dorsomedial and Venromedial Nuclei of the Hypothalamus in Rats." Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова 109, no. 8 (2023): 1056–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869813923080101.

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The aim of the work was to analyze the background and induced by the intravenous administration of the cholecystokinin sulfated octapeptide (CCK), as well as the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide impulse neuronal electrical activity in the dorsomedial (DMN) and ventromedial (VMN) nuclei of the hypothalamus in young (2–3 months), adults (12 months) and aged (24 months) male rats under urethane anesthesia. The mean frequency of background discharges after the injection of CCK in young rats in the DMN significantly decreased from 1.5 ± 0.4 to 0.2 ± 0.1 impulse/s, in the VMN from 2.0 ± 0.4 to

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Zong, Xiaofen, Maolin Hu, Spiro P. Pantazatos, et al. "A Dissociation in Effects of Risperidone Monotherapy on Functional and Anatomical Connectivity Within the Default Mode Network." Schizophrenia Bulletin 45, no. 6 (2018): 1309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby175.

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Abstract Respective changes in functional and anatomical connectivities of default mode network (DMN) after antipsychotic treatment have been reported. However, alterations in structure–function coupling after treatment remain unknown. We performed diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 42 drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients (FESP) both at baseline and after 8-weeks risperidone monotherapy, and in 38 healthy volunteers. Independent component analysis was used to assess voxel-wise DMN synchrony. A 3-step procedure was used to trace

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Donnelly, D. F., C. Jiang, and G. G. Haddad. "Comparative responses of brain stem and hippocampal neurons to O2 deprivation: in vitro intracellular studies." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 262, no. 5 (1992): L549—L554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.262.5.l549.

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Most mammalian neurons are known to be sensitive to oxygen availability, but the nature of the sensitivity is not well understood. Previous results have suggested that brain stem neurons may respond differently than cortical neurons during oxygen deprivation. We pursued this hypothesis by examining the time course of change in membrane potential (Vm) and input resistance (Rn) during periods of reduced oxygen availability in a tissue slice preparation. Since extracellular potassium is an important factor determining resting membrane potential, extracellular K+ activity, (K+o), was also measured

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YARRINGTON, J. "Degeneration of the rat and canine adrenal cortex caused by ?-(1,4-dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)-N-methylnitrone (DMNM)." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, no. 2 (1985): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(85)90085-5.

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Barnett, Alexander J., Walter Reilly, Halle R. Dimsdale-Zucker, Eda Mizrak, Zachariah Reagh, and Charan Ranganath. "Intrinsic connectivity reveals functionally distinct cortico-hippocampal networks in the human brain." PLOS Biology 19, no. 6 (2021): e3001275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001275.

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Episodic memory depends on interactions between the hippocampus and interconnected neocortical regions. Here, using data-driven analyses of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we identified the networks that interact with the hippocampus—the default mode network (DMN) and a “medial temporal network” (MTN) that included regions in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and precuneus. We observed that the MTN plays a critical role in connecting the visual network to the DMN and hippocampus. The DMN could be further divided into 3 subnetworks: a “posterior medial” (PM) subnet

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Tani, Naoki, Takahide Yaegaki, Akio Nishino, et al. "Functional connectivity analysis and prediction of cognitive change after carotid artery stenting." Journal of Neurosurgery 131, no. 6 (2019): 1709–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.7.jns18404.

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OBJECTIVEThe neurocognitive course of patients who have undergone cerebral revascularization has been the subject of many studies, and the reported effects of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on cognitive function have varied from study to study. The authors hypothesized that cognitive amelioration after CAS is associated with alteration of the default mode network (DMN) connectivity, and they investigated the correlation between functional connectivity (FC) of the DMN and post-CAS changes in cognitive function in order to find a clinical marker that can be used to predict the effect of cerebral

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Lee, Jung Suk, Jong Hun Kim, and Seon-Koo Lee. "The Relationship between Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Default-Mode Network Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease." Psychiatry Investigation 17, no. 7 (2020): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0009.

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Objective Neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia are prevalent and extremely burdening for the patient and caregivers, but the underlying mechanism of these symptoms has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neuropsychiatric symptoms and default-mode functional connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease.Methods Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on seventy patients with Alzheimer’s disease during rest. We conducted a seed-based functional connectivity analysis to ide

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Ning, Yanzhe, Wenbin Jia, Dongqing Yin, Xinzi Liu, Hong Zhu, and Hongxiao Jia. "Disrupted Resting-State Functional Connectivity between the Dorsal Attention, Default Mode, and Frontoparietal Networks in Nonorganic Gastrointestinal Disorder Patients with Spleen Deficiency Syndrome." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681903.

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Introduction. Spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS), a common clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine, is manifested with digestive symptoms and cognitive impairments. However, the cognitive neural mechanism in brain networks of SDS still remained unclear. Our aim was to investigate the changes between the default mode, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal networks in SDS. Methods. Twenty nonorganic gastrointestinal disorder (NOGD) patients with SDS and eighteen healthy controls were enrolled to attend functional magnetic resonance imaging scan and participated a continuous performance te

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Wen, Tanya, Daniel J. Mitchell, and John Duncan. "The Functional Convergence and Heterogeneity of Social, Episodic, and Self-Referential Thought in the Default Mode Network." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 11 (2020): 5915–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa166.

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Abstract The default mode network (DMN) is engaged in a variety of cognitive settings, including social, semantic, temporal, spatial, and self-related tasks. Andrews-Hanna et al. (2010; Andrews-Hanna 2012) proposed that the DMN consists of three distinct functional–anatomical subsystems—a dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dMPFC) subsystem that supports social cognition; a medial temporal lobe (MTL) subsystem that contributes to memory-based scene construction; and a set of midline core hubs that are especially involved in processing self-referential information. We examined activity in the DMN

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Coppola, Gianluca, Antonio Di Renzo, Emanuele Tinelli, et al. "Resting state connectivity between default mode network and insula encodes acute migraine headache." Cephalalgia 38, no. 5 (2017): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417715230.

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Background Previous functional MRI studies have revealed that ongoing clinical pain in different chronic pain syndromes is directly correlated to the connectivity strength of the resting default mode network (DMN) with the insula. Here, we investigated seed-based resting state DMN-insula connectivity during acute migraine headaches. Methods Thirteen migraine without aura patients (MI) underwent 3 T MRI scans during the initial six hours of a spontaneous migraine attack, and were compared to a group of 19 healthy volunteers (HV). We evaluated headache intensity with a visual analogue scale and

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YARRINGTON, JOHN T., DAVID E. LOUDY, D. JEAN SPRINKLE, JOHN P. GIBSON, C. LEE WRIGHT та J. O'NEAL JOHNSTON. "Degeneration of the Rat and Canine Adrenal Cortex Caused by α-(1,4-Dioxido-3-methylquinoxalin-2-yl)-N-methylnitrone (DMNM)". Toxicological Sciences 5, № 2 (1985): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/5.2.370.

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Niu, Xuan, Lijun Bai, Yingxiang Sun, et al. "Disruption of periaqueductal grey-default mode network functional connectivity predicts persistent post-traumatic headache in mild traumatic brain injury." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, no. 3 (2018): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-318886.

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ObjectivePost-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most frequent and persistent physical symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and develop in more than 50% of this population. This study aimed to investigate the periaqueductal grey (PAG)-seeded functional connectivity (FC) in patients with mTBI with acute post-traumatic headache (APTH) and further examine whether the FC can be used as a neural biomarker to identify patients developing chronic pain 3 months postinjury.Methods70 patients with mTBI underwent neuropsychological measurements and MRI scans within 7 days postinjury

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Unterholzner, *Jakob, Immanuel Gregory Elbau, Alexander Kautzky, et al. "LOCKDOWN-ASSOCIATED CHANGES IN THE DEFAULT MODE NETWORK IN DEPRESSION AND HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN AUSTRIA." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 28, Supplement_1 (2025): i65. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.111.

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Abstract Background Major threatening life events can impact the functionality of brain networks as revealed by neuroimaging studies [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented global event that was associated with extensive restrictions to daily life. These measures greatly challenged the whole population including specific subgroups such as patients with depression. Here, we investigated the impact of pandemic-associated lockdowns on functional connectivity (FC) of major functional brain networks. Aims and objectives We hypothesized that there would be an effect of restriction measures o

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Coenen, Jessica, Franziska Van Den Bongard, Anne Carina Delling, and Claus Reinsberger. "Functional Connectivity Within the Default Mode Network in Response to Exercise During Return-to-Sport Following Concussion." Neurology 98, no. 1 Supplement 1 (2021): S18.1—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000801904.27836.ef.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study is to explore changes in EEG derived functional connectivity of the default mode network in response to physical exercise during return-to-sports (RTS) after sports related concussion (SRC).BackgroundThe rehabilitation of athletes with SRC is challenging. Presently, there are no objective biomarkers to predict effects of exercise during RTS. SRC associated diffuse axonal injuries predominantly affect the Default Mode Network (DMN). Assessing exercise induced changes in functional connectivity of the DMN may therefore be a potential target.Design/MethodsElev

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Wang, Guo Chang, Hai Yan Liang, Xiao Ling Sun, and Zong Mao Chen. "Antennal Olfactory Responses of Apanteles Sp. (Hymenoptera：Braconidae) to Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.604.

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Antennal olfactory responses of the parasitoid, Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), to 13 host-induced volatile compounds were measured by electroantennogram (EAG) techniques. Dose response curves of EAG indicated that compared with males, females showed significantly stronger EAG responses to (Z)-3-hexenal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl-hexanoate and Benzyl nitrile. Among plant volatiles tested, the females were most sensitive to 100μM (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, while the males were more sensitive to 100μM (E)-2-hexenal. The results show that the wasp is ab

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Ublinskiy, M. V., N. A. Semenova, A. V. Manzhurtsev, P. E. Menshchikov, A. N. Yakovlev, and T. A. Akhadov. "Dysfunction of cerebellum functional connectivity between default mode network and cerebellar structures in patients with mild traumatic brain injury in acute stage. rsfMRI study." Medical Visualization 24, no. 2 (2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2020-2-131-137.

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common neurological damage in children that's why it is extremely important to identify and analyze biomarkers that can help in predicting patient's treatment and recovery in period of mTBI. Aim of this study is to verify a hypothesis that functional connectivity disturbances between intact cerebellum and DMN nodes are included in symptomatic manifestation of mTBI.Methods. 28 MR negative patients with mTBI were studied in age from 12 to 17 years (mean age – 14.7 years). The control group consisted of 23 healthy children. All MRI studies wereperfor

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Musaeus, Christian Sandøe, Louise Baruël Johansen, Steen Hasselbalch, et al. "Sixteen Weeks of Aerobic Exercise does not Alter Resting-state Connectivity of the Precuneus in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 19, no. 2 (2022): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205019666220304091241.

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Introduction: In healthy elderly persons and patients with mild cognitive impairment, physical exercise can increase functional brain connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) measured by restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). However, no studies have so far investigated the effect of physical exercise on functional resting-state connectivity in the DMN in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: In a single-blinded randomized controlled trial, we assessed the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention of 16 weeks of physical exercise on DMN connectivity

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Coppola, Gianluca, Antonio Di Renzo, Barbara Petolicchio, et al. "Aberrant interactions of cortical networks in chronic migraine." Neurology 92, no. 22 (2019): e2550-e2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007577.

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ObjectiveWe investigated resting-state (RS)-fMRI using independent component analysis (ICA) to determine the functional connectivity (FC) between networks in chronic migraine (CM) patients and their correlation with clinical features.MethodsTwenty CM patients without preventive therapy or acute medication overuse underwent 3T MRI scans and were compared to a group of 20 healthy controls (HC). We used MRI to collect RS data in 3 selected networks, identified using group ICA: the default mode network (DMN), the executive control network (ECN), and the dorsal attention system (DAS).ResultsCompare

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AHN, HEE-KAP, CHRISTIAN KNAUER, MARC SCHERFENBERG, LENA SCHLIPF, and ANTOINE VIGNERON. "COMPUTING THE DISCRETE FRÉCHET DISTANCE WITH IMPRECISE INPUT." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 22, no. 01 (2012): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195912600023.

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We consider the problem of computing the discrete Fréchet distance between two polygonal curves when their vertices are imprecise. An imprecise point is given by a region and this point could lie anywhere within this region. By modelling imprecise points as balls in dimension d, we present an algorithm for this problem that returns in time 2O(d2) m2n2 log 2(mn) the minimum Fréchet distance between two imprecise polygonal curves with n and m vertices, respectively. We give an improved algorithm for the planar case with running time O(mn log 3(mn) + (m2+n2) log (mn)). In the d-dimensional orthog

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Mendonça, Bárbara, Diunay Mantegazini, Yuri Nariyoshi, and Marcelo Silveira Bacelos. "Route of biofuel production from macadamia nut shells: effect of parameters on the particles mixing index in fluidized beds." Brazilian Journal of Production Engineering 9, no. 1 (2023): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47456/bjpe.v9i1.40123.

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Pyrolysis of macadamia nut shells (MNS) in a fluidized bed reactor has excellent potential to produce bio-oil. High heat transfer rates and uniform temperature in the fluidized bed can be achieved due to effective gas-solid contact in the reactor. However, binary mixtures can lead to the segregation of particles, which negatively affects heat and mass transfer in such a reactor. Therefore, a 2³ statistical experimental design was used to assess the effects of parameters (i.e., air velocity, particle diameter ratio, and mass fraction of MNS) on the mixing index of the bed of MNS and sand. Among

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