Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Donation of organs, tissues, etc. – Law and legislation – Portugal »

Defence date: 11 June 2005
Examining board: Prof. Giafnranco Poggi (supervisor, European University Institute, Florence) ; Prof. Simone Bateman (University of Paris V) ; Prof. John Griffiths (University of Groningen) ; Prof. Martin Kohli (European University Institute, Florence)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

This dissertation is the compilation of three separate works of research revolving around the theme of regulation of biomedical technologies that are either emerging or that have undergone significant developments over the past decade or so. Each of these three research works examines a legal response to a technological development in the areas of biotechnology and/or medicine and addresses one or more challenges - ethical, constitutional, legal or one that is related to public policy - created by that response. The first work of research, which was published in the Administrative Law Review in March 2008, examines the legality of the restrictions imposed by the administration of President George W. Bush on the funding of research involving human embryonic stem cells. Reaching the conclusion that the Bush Administration's actions were outright illegal in more than one way, the research highlights existing tensions in the division of decision-making power between the President and executive agencies and between Congress and the President. The second work of research, which was published in the Columbia Science and Technology Law Review in August 2010, reviews the regulation of genetic screening and testing of donated reproductive tissue in the United States. Analyzing the regulation in the federal, state and industry level, the research highlights significant shortcomings of the regulation of this area and, drawing on the experience of other countries, advocates the regulation of this area by the FDA. The third and last work of research of which this dissertation consists is dedicated to the examination of the newly created regime of statutory exclusivities afforded to biological pharmaceuticals under the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) as it compares to the protection afforded to such products under patent law. The research concludes that allowing biological pharmaceuticals to benefits from parallel protection under both patent law and the statutory exclusivities regime established under BPCIA does not contribute to incentivizing innovation and might have undesirable ramifications from a public policy perspective. Hence, the research proposes limiting the protection afforded to biological pharmaceutical products, namely to the protection under either patent law or BPCIA, by suspending the ability to enforce patents covering biological pharmaceuticals against generic applicants under BPCIA. In addition, the research examines the proposition that under some circumstances it would be possible to substitute patent protection for statutory exclusivities.

There are thousands of desperate people globally who need a kidney for transplantation. The number of people who require a kidney transplant continues to escalate faster than the number of kidneys available for a transplant. The aim of this dissertation is to examine and analyse the judicial framework pertaining to kidney transplants in South Africa. The examination is conducted within the framework of the South African Constitution and the National Health Act 61 of 2003. The specific focus of this dissertation is to determine whether the payment of kidney donors could be regarded as constitutionally acceptable. A comparative study is undertaken, with Singapore and Iran as a background against which recommendations for the South African regulatory framework are made. The most important finding is that people should at least be granted the choice whether they would prefer to receive payment for their kidney donations or not.
Jurisprudence
LL.M.