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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Drosophila Genetics »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 25 janvier 2023

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1

Schlenke, Todd A., and David J. Begun. "Natural Selection Drives Drosophila Immune System Evolution." Genetics 164, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 1471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.4.1471.

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Abstract Evidence from disparate sources suggests that natural selection may often play a role in the evolution of host immune system proteins. However, there have been few attempts to make general population genetic inferences on the basis of analysis of several immune-system-related genes from a single species. Here we present DNA polymorphism and divergence data from 34 genes thought to function in the innate immune system of Drosophila simulans and compare these data to those from 28 nonimmunity genes sequenced from the same lines. Several statistics, including average KA/KS ratio, average

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O'Grady, Patrick M. "Whither Drosophila?" Genetics 185, no. 2 (June 2010): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.110.118232.

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Garza, D., M. M. Medhora, and D. L. Hartl. "Drosophila nonsense suppressors: functional analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila tissue culture cells and Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 126, no. 3 (November 1, 1990): 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.3.625.

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Abstract Amber (UAG) and opal (UGA) nonsense suppressors were constructed by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis of two Drosophila melanogaster leucine-tRNA genes and tested in yeast, Drosophila tissue culture cells and transformed flies. Suppression of a variety of amber and opal alleles occurs in yeast. In Drosophila tissue culture cells, the mutant tRNAs suppress hsp70:Adh (alcohol dehydrogenase) amber and opal alleles as well as an hsp70:beta-gal (beta-galactosidase) amber allele. The mutant tRNAs were also introduced into the Drosophila genome by P element-mediated transformation. N

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Thomas-Orillard, M., B. Jeune, and G. Cusset. "Drosophila-host genetic control of susceptibility to Drosophila C virus." Genetics 140, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 1289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/140.4.1289.

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Abstract Interactions between Drosophila C virus (DCV) and its natural host, Drosophila melanogaster, were investigated using 15 geographical population samples infected by intraabdominal inoculation. These strains derived from natural populations of D. melanogaster differed in susceptibility to the DCVc. One strain was "partially tolerant". Isofemale lines obtained from one susceptible and one partially tolerant strain were studied. The partially tolerant phenotype was dominant, and there was no difference between F1 progeny of direct and reciprocal crosses. Analysis of F2 progeny showed that

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Klaczko, Louis Bernard, Charles E. Taylor, and Jeffrey R. Powell. "GENETIC VARIATION FOR DISPERSAL BY DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA AND DROSOPHILA PERSIMILIS." Genetics 112, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/112.2.229.

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ABSTRACT Release-recapture experiments using Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis strains of different karyotypes were performed in a heterogeneous environment. The heterogeneity was due to both spatial variation and the species of yeast used to attract the released flies. No karyotypic-specific habitat preferences were detected. However, in all releases, different strains did behave differently with respect to one or both of the heterogeneous factors. These results indicate there is variation for dispersal behavior in these species that is most likely based on genotype-dependent habitat

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Moriyama, E. N., and D. L. Hartl. "Codon usage bias and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila." Genetics 134, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 847–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.3.847.

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Abstract The nuclear genes of Drosophila evolve at various rates. This variation seems to correlate with codon-usage bias. In order to elucidate the determining factors of the various evolutionary rates and codon-usage bias in the Drosophila nuclear genome, we compared patterns of codon-usage bias with base compositions of exons and introns. Our results clearly show the existence of selective constraints at the translational level for synonymous (silent) sites and, on the other hand, the neutrality or near neutrality of long stretches of nucleotide sequence within noncoding regions. These feat

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Wu, C. Y., J. Mote, and M. D. Brennan. "Tissue-specific expression phenotypes of Hawaiian Drosophila Adh genes in Drosophila melanogaster transformants." Genetics 125, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/125.3.599.

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Abstract Interspecific differences in the tissue-specific patterns of expression displayed by the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) genes within the Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila represent a rich source of evolutionary variation in gene regulation. Study of the cis-acting elements responsible for regulatory differences between Adh genes from various species is greatly facilitated by analyzing the behavior of the different Adh genes in a homogeneous background. Accordingly, the Adh gene from Drosophila grimshawi was introduced into the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster by means of P element-m

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Provine, W. B. "Alfred Henry Sturtevant and crosses between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans." Genetics 129, no. 1 (September 1, 1991): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/129.1.1.

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Wolstenholme, David R., and Douglas O. Clary. "SEQUENCE EVOLUTION OF DROSOPHILA MITOCHONDRIAL DNA." Genetics 109, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.4.725.

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ABSTRACT We have compared nucleotide sequences of corresponding segments of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules of Drosophila yakuba and Drosophila melanogaster, which contain the genes for six proteins and seven tRNAs. The overall frequency of substitution between the nucleotide sequences of these protein genes is 7.2%. As was found for mtDNAs from closely related mammals, most substitutions (86%) in Drosophila mitochondrial protein genes do not result in an amino acid replacement. However, the frequencies of transitions and transversions are approximately equal in Drosophila mtDNAs, whic

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Sofer, W., and L. Tompkins. "Drosophila genetics in the classroom." Genetics 136, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/136.1.417.

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Abstract Drosophila has long been useful for demonstrating the principles of classical Mendelian genetics in the classroom. In recent years, the organism has also helped students understand biochemical and behavioral genetics. In this connection, this article describes the development of a set of integrated laboratory exercises and descriptive materials--a laboratory module--in biochemical genetics for use by high-school students. The module focuses on the Adh gene and its product, the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. Among other activities, students using the module get to measure alcohol tolera

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Crow, James F., Dan Lindsley, and John Lucchesi. "Edward Novitski: Drosophila Virtuoso." Genetics 174, no. 2 (October 2006): 549–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.65953.

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Germani, Federico, Cora Bergantinos, and Laura A. Johnston. "Mosaic Analysis in Drosophila." Genetics 208, no. 2 (January 29, 2018): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.117.300256.

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Small, Stephen, and David N. Arnosti. "Transcriptional Enhancers in Drosophila." Genetics 216, no. 1 (September 2020): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.301370.

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Key discoveries in Drosophila have shaped our understanding of cellular “enhancers.” With a special focus on the fly, this chapter surveys properties of these adaptable cis-regulatory elements, whose actions are critical for the complex spatial/temporal transcriptional regulation of gene expression in metazoa. The powerful combination of genetics, molecular biology, and genomics available in Drosophila has provided an arena in which the developmental role of enhancers can be explored. Enhancers are characterized by diverse low- or high-throughput assays, which are challenging to interpret, as

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Mateos, Mariana, Sergio J. Castrezana, Becky J. Nankivell, Anne M. Estes, Therese A. Markow, and Nancy A. Moran. "Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila." Genetics 174, no. 1 (June 18, 2006): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.058818.

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Sokolowski, Marla B. "Drosophila: Genetics meets behaviour." Nature Reviews Genetics 2, no. 11 (November 2001): 879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35098592.

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Mahowald, A. P., and P. A. Hardy. "Genetics of Drosophila Embryogenesis." Annual Review of Genetics 19, no. 1 (December 1985): 149–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.001053.

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Wilkins, Adam S. "Developmental genetics of drosophila." BioEssays 21, no. 8 (July 29, 1999): 710–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-1878(199908)21:8<710::aid-bies11>3.0.co;2-d.

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Leung, Wilson, Christopher D. Shaffer, Taylor Cordonnier, Jeannette Wong, Michelle S. Itano, Elizabeth E. Slawson Tempel, Elmer Kellmann, et al. "Evolution of a Distinct Genomic Domain in Drosophila: Comparative Analysis of the Dot Chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis." Genetics 185, no. 4 (May 17, 2010): 1519–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.110.116129.

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Vlachou, Dina, Mary Konsolalti, Peter P. Tolias, Fotis C. Kafatos, and Katia Komitopoulou. "The Autosomal Chorion Locus of the Medfly Ceratitis capitata. I. Conserved Synteny, Amplification and Tissue Specificity but Sequence Divergence and Altered Temporal Regulation." Genetics 147, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 1829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.4.1829.

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Abstract We report the isolation, full sequence characterization, amplification and expression properties of medfly chorion genes corresponding to the autosomal chorion locus of Drosophila. These genes are found adjacent to the paramyosin gene and are organized in the same order and tandem orientation as their Drosophila homologues, although they are spaced further apart. They show substantial sequence divergence from their Drosophila homologues, including novel peptide repeats and a new spacing of the tyrosines, which are known to be cross-linked in Dipteran chorion. The genes are amplified a

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O'Neil, M. T., and J. M. Belote. "Interspecific comparison of the transformer gene of Drosophila reveals an unusually high degree of evolutionary divergence." Genetics 131, no. 1 (May 1, 1992): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/131.1.113.

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Abstract The transformer (tra) gene of Drosophila melanogaster occupies an intermediate position in the regulatory pathway controlling all aspects of somatic sexual differentiation. The female-specific expression of this gene's function is regulated by the Sex lethal (Sxl) gene, through a mechanism involving sex-specific alternative splicing of tra pre-mRNA. The tra gene encodes a protein that is thought to act in conjunction with the transformer-2 (tra-2) gene product to control the sex-specific processing of doublesex (dsx) pre-mRNA. The bifunctional dsx gene carries out opposite functions i

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Bentley, Alyssa, Bridget MacLennan, Jonathan Calvo, and Charles R. Dearolf. "Targeted Recovery of Mutations in Drosophila." Genetics 156, no. 3 (November 1, 2000): 1169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.3.1169.

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Abstract Reverse genetic techniques will be necessary to take full advantage of the genomic sequence data for Drosophila and other experimental organisms. To develop a method for the targeted recovery of mutations, we combined an EMS chemical mutagenesis regimen with mutation detection by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). We recovered mutant strains at the high rate of ∼4.8 mutations/kb for every 1000 mutagenized chromosomes from a screen for new mutations in the Drosophila awd gene. Furthermore, we observed that the EMS mutational spectrum in Drosophila germ cells sho

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SINGH, PRANVEER, and BASHISTH N. SINGH. "Population genetics of Drosophila ananassae." Genetics Research 90, no. 5 (October 2008): 409–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672308009737.

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SummaryDrosophila ananassae Doleschall is a cosmopolitan and domestic species. It occupies a unique status among Drosophila species due to certain peculiarities in its genetic behaviour and is of common occurrence in India. Quantitative genetics of sexual and non-sexual traits provided evidence for genetic control of these traits. D. ananassae exhibits high level of chromosomal polymorphism in its natural populations. Indian natural populations of D. ananassae show geographic differentiation of inversion polymorphism due to their adaptation to varying environments and natural selection operate

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Morton, R. A. "Evolution of Drosophila insecticide resistance." Genome 36, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-001.

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The impact of insecticide resistance is well documented. It includes the toxic effects of pesticides on the environment and the cost of the increased amounts of insecticides required to effectively control resistant insects. Resistance evolves by the selection of genes that confer tolerance to insecticides. Several resistance genes have been identified and cloned in Drosophila, including genes for mutant target molecules and genes that increase insecticide degradation. Drosophila is a useful system to understand the evolution of quantitative traits in general as well as the population genetics

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VAN DER LINDE, KIM, DAVID HOULE, GREG S. SPICER, and SCOTT J. STEPPAN. "A supermatrix-based molecular phylogeny of the family Drosophilidae." Genetics Research 92, no. 1 (February 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001667231000008x.

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SummaryThe genus Drosophila is diverse and heterogeneous and contains a large number of easy-to-rear species, so it is an attractive subject for comparative studies. The ability to perform such studies is currently compromised by the lack of a comprehensive phylogeny for Drosophila and related genera. The genus Drosophila as currently defined is known to be paraphyletic with respect to several other genera, but considerable uncertainty remains about other aspects of the phylogeny. Here, we estimate a phylogeny for 176 drosophilid (12 genera) and four non-drosophilid species, using gene sequenc

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Spradling, Allan C., Dianne Stern, Amy Beaton, E. Jay Rhem, Todd Laverty, Nicole Mozden, Sima Misra, and Gerald M. Rubin. "The Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project Gene Disruption Project: Single P-Element Insertions Mutating 25% of Vital Drosophila Genes." Genetics 153, no. 1 (September 1, 1999): 135–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/153.1.135.

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AbstractA fundamental goal of genetics and functional genomics is to identify and mutate every gene in model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. The Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) gene disruption project generates single P-element insertion strains that each mutate unique genomic open reading frames. Such strains strongly facilitate further genetic and molecular studies of the disrupted loci, but it has remained unclear if P elements can be used to mutate all Drosophila genes. We now report that the primary collection has grown to contain 1045 strains that disrupt more than 2

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Whiting, J. H., M. D. Pliley, J. L. Farmer, and D. E. Jeffery. "In situ hybridization analysis of chromosomal homologies in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis." Genetics 122, no. 1 (May 1, 1989): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.1.99.

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Abstract Twenty-four biotin-labeled recombinant-DNA probes which contained putative unique-sequence Drosophila melanogaster DNA were hybridized to larval salivary-gland chromosomes of D. melanogaster and Drosophila virilis. All probes hybridized to D. melanogaster chromosomes at the expected sites. However, one probe hybridized to at least 16 additional sites, and one hybridized to one additional site. Thirteen probes hybridized strongly to D. virilis chromosomes, four hybridized weakly and infrequently, and seven did not hybridize. Probes representing two multigene families (beta-tubulin and

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Graze, Rita M., Olga Barmina, Daniel Tufts, Elena Naderi, Kristy L. Harmon, Maria Persianinova, and Sergey V. Nuzhdin. "New Candidate Genes for Sex-Comb Divergence Between Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans." Genetics 176, no. 4 (June 11, 2007): 2561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.067686.

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Marquez, Raymond M., Matthew A. Singer, Norma T. Takaesu, W. Ross Waldrip, Yevgenya Kraytsberg та Stuart J. Newfeld. "Transgenic Analysis of the Smad Family of TGF-β Signal Transducers in Drosophila melanogaster Suggests New Roles and New Interactions Between Family Members". Genetics 157, № 4 (1 квітня 2001): 1639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.4.1639.

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Abstract Smad signal transducers are required for transforming growth factor-β-mediated developmental events in many organisms including humans. However, the roles of individual human Smad genes (hSmads) in development are largely unknown. Our hypothesis is that an hSmad performs developmental roles analogous to those of the most similar Drosophila Smad gene (dSmad). We expressed six hSmad and four dSmad transgenes in Drosophila melanogaster using the Gal4/UAS system and compared their phenotypes. Phylogenetically related human and Drosophila Smads induced similar phenotypes supporting the hyp

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Zeng, L. W., and R. S. Singh. "The genetic basis of Haldane's rule and the nature of asymmetric hybrid male sterility among Drosophila simulans, Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila sechellia." Genetics 134, no. 1 (May 1, 1993): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.1.251.

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Abstract Haldane's rule (i.e., the preferential hybrid sterility and inviability of heterogametic sex) has been known for 70 years, but its genetic basis, which is crucial to the understanding of the process of species formation, remains unclear. In the present study, we have investigated the genetic basis of hybrid male sterility using Drosophila simulans, Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila sechellia. An introgression of D. sechellia Y chromosome into a fairly homogenous background of D. simulans did not show any effect of the introgressed Y on male sterility. The substitution of D. simulan

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Fatmawati, Diani, Maryam Saleem, Iin Hindun, Indah Permatasari, Solikhah Solikhah, Diana Khoiroh, and Ahmad Fauzi. "Drosophila Melanogaster Utilization in Genetics Lectures: Innovations that Need to be Optimized." JURNAL PENDIDIKAN SAINS (JPS) 10, no. 1 (May 17, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/jps.10.1.2022.22-27.

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Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism that plays a role in the development of Genetics research and learning. The purpose of this study was to map Genetics lecture activities in Indonesia based on the utilization of Drosophila melanogaster during practicum activities. The data was collected using Google Form-based questionnaire analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. A total of 113 alumni from 39 universities in Indonesia were involved as participants. The results informed that 77% of institutions had conducted Genetic Practicums and more than half had used Drosophila me

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Rong, Yikang S., and Kent G. Golic. "A Targeted Gene Knockout in Drosophila." Genetics 157, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 1307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/157.3.1307.

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Abstract We previously described a method for targeted homologous recombination at the yellow gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Because only a single gene was targeted, further work was required to show whether the method could be extended to become generally useful for gene modification in Drosophila. We have now used this method to produce a knockout of the autosomal pugilist gene by homologous recombination between the endogenous locus and a 2.5-kb DNA fragment. This was accomplished solely by tracking the altered genetic linkage of an arbitrary marker gene as the targeting DNA moved from ch

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Arkhipova, I. R. "Promoter elements in Drosophila melanogaster revealed by sequence analysis." Genetics 139, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 1359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.3.1359.

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Abstract A Drosophila Promoter Database containing 252 independent Drosophila melanogaster promoter entries has been compiled. The database and its subsets have been searched for overrepresented sequences. The analysis reveals that the proximal promoter region displays the most dramatic nucleotide sequence irregularities and exhibits a tripartite structure, consisting of TATA at -25/-30 bp, initiator (Inr) at +/- 5 bp and a novel class of downstream elements at +20/+30 bp from the RNA start site. These latter elements are also strand-specific. However, they differ from TATA and Inr in several

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Olsen, DeAnne S., Barbara Jordan, Dreeny Chen, Ronald C. Wek та Douglas R. Cavener. "Isolation of the Gene Encoding the Drosophila melanogaster Homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GCN2 eIF-2α Kinase". Genetics 149, № 3 (1 липня 1998): 1495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.3.1495.

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Abstract Genomic and cDNA clones homologous to the yeast GCN2 eIF-2α kinase (yGCN2) were isolated from Drosophila melanogaster. The identity of the Drosophila GCN2 (dGCN2) gene is supported by the unique combination of sequence encoding a protein kinase catalytic domain and a domain homologous to histidyl-tRNA synthetase and by the ability of dGCN2 to complement a deletion mutant of the yeast GCN2 gene. Complementation of Δgcn2 in yeast by dGCN2 depends on the presence of the critical regulatory phosphorylation site (serine 51) of eIF-2α. dGCN2 is composed of 10 exons encoding a protein of 158

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Banerjee, Surya, Shimshon Benji, Sarah Liberow, and Josefa Steinhauer. "Using Drosophila melanogaster To Discover Human Disease Genes: An Educational Primer for Use with “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target”." Genetics 216, no. 3 (November 2020): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303495.

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Since the dawn of the 20th century, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been used as a model organism to understand the nature of genes and how they control development, behavior, and physiology. One of the most powerful experimental approaches employed in Drosophila is the forward genetic screen. In the 21st century, genome-wide screens have become popular tools for identifying evolutionarily conserved genes involved in complex human diseases. In the accompanying article “Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Modifiers in Drosophila Reveal the Phospholipase D Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic

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Zouros, E. "Advances in the genetics of reproductive isolation in Drosophila." Genome 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-036.

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Speciation genetics is defined as the study of genetic events and processes that differentiate the probabilities that genetic material from individual members of a population will co-occur in individuals of some future generation. It follows that phenotypic attributes that contribute to this differentiation of probabilities (e.g., mating preferences, sterility, or infertility of individuals from certain types of matings) constitute the phenotype of speciation, and genetic loci that may affect these phenotypic attributes can be considered as speciation genes. The literature on genetic differenc

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Lo, P. C., D. Roy, and S. M. Mount. "Suppressor U1 snRNAs in Drosophila." Genetics 138, no. 2 (October 1, 1994): 365–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/138.2.365.

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Abstract Although the role of U1 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in 5' splice site recognition is well established, suppressor U1 snRNAs active in intact multicellular animals have been lacking. Here we describe suppression of a 5' splice site mutation in the Drosophila melanogaster white gene (wDR18) by compensatory changes in U1 snRNA. Mutation of positions -1 and +6 of the 5' splice site of the second intron (ACG[GTGAGT to ACC]GTGAGC) results in the accumulation of RNA retaining this 74-nucleotide intron in both transfected cells and transgenic flies. U1-3G, a suppressor U1 snRNA which restores

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Charlesworth, B., C. H. Langley, and P. D. Sniegowski. "Transposable Element Distributions in Drosophila." Genetics 147, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 1993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.4.1993.

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Biémont, C., A. Tsitrone, C. Vieira, and C. Hoogland. "Transposable Element Distribution in Drosophila." Genetics 147, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 1997–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.4.1997.

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Mackay, Trudy F. C., Richard F. Lyman, and Faye Lawrence. "Polygenic Mutation in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 170, no. 4 (June 8, 2005): 1723–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.104.032581.

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Heier, Christoph, and Ronald P. Kühnlein. "Triacylglycerol Metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 210, no. 4 (December 2018): 1163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.118.301583.

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Maruyama, K., K. D. Schoor, and D. L. Hartl. "Identification of nucleotide substitutions necessary for trans-activation of mariner transposable elements in Drosophila: analysis of naturally occurring elements." Genetics 128, no. 4 (August 1, 1991): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/128.4.777.

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Abstract Six copies of the mariner element from the genomes of Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans were chosen at random for DNA sequencing and functional analysis and compared with the highly active element Mos1 and the inactive element peach. All elements were 1286 base pairs in length, but among them there were 18 nucleotide differences. As assayed in Drosophila melanogaster, three of the elements were apparently nonfunctional, two were marginally functional, and one had moderate activity that could be greatly increased depending on the position of the element in the genome. Both

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Moriyama, E. N., and T. Gojobori. "Rates of synonymous substitution and base composition of nuclear genes in Drosophila." Genetics 130, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/130.4.855.

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Abstract We compared the rates of synonymous (silent) substitution among various genes in a number of species of Drosophila. First, we found that even for a particular gene, the rate of synonymous substitution varied considerably with Drosophila lineages. Second, we showed a large variation in synonymous substitution rates among nuclear genes in Drosophila. These rates of synonymous substitution were correlated negatively with C content and positively with A content at the third codon positions. Nucleotide sequences were also compared between pseudogenes and their functional homologs. The C co

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Ruiz, M. Fernanda, M. Rosario Esteban, Carmen Doñoro, Clara Goday, and Lucas Sánchez. "Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Diptera: The Gene maleless Implements Dosage Compensation in Drosophila (Brachycera Suborder) but Its Homolog in Sciara (Nematocera Suborder) Appears to Play No Role in Dosage Compensation." Genetics 156, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 1853–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/156.4.1853.

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Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster and in Sciara ocellaris dosage compensation occurs by hypertranscription of the single male X chromosome. This article reports the cloning and characterization in S. ocellaris of the gene homologous to maleless (mle) of D. melanogaster, which implements dosage compensation. The Sciara mle gene produces a single transcript, encoding a helicase, which is present in both male and female larvae and adults and in testes and ovaries. Both Sciara and Drosophila MLE proteins are highly conserved. The affinity-purified antibody to D. melanogaster MLE recognizes the S

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Ahmad, Kami, and Kent G. Golic. "Telomere Loss in Somatic Cells of Drosophila Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis." Genetics 151, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.3.1041.

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Abstract Checkpoint mechanisms that respond to DNA damage in the mitotic cell cycle are necessary to maintain the fidelity of chromosome transmission. These mechanisms must be able to distinguish the normal telomeres of linear chromosomes from double-strand break damage. However, on several occasions, Drosophila chromosomes that lack their normal telomeric DNA have been recovered, raising the issue of whether Drosophila is able to distinguish telomeric termini from nontelomeric breaks. We used site-specific recombination on a dispensable chromosome to induce the formation of a dicentric chromo

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Somma, Maria Patrizia, Barbara Fasulo, Giorgia Siriaco, and Giovanni Cenci. "Chromosome Condensation Defects in barren RNA-Interfered Drosophila Cells." Genetics 165, no. 3 (November 1, 2003): 1607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.3.1607.

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Abstract Barren, the Drosophila homolog of XCAP-H, is one of three non-SMC subunits of condensin, a conserved 13S multiprotein complex required for chromosome condensation. Mutations in barren (barr) were originally shown to affect sister-chromatid separation during mitosis 16 of the Drosophila embryo, whereas condensation defects were not detected. In contrast, mutations in yeast homologs of barren result in defective mitotic chromosome condensation as well as irregular chromatid separation. We have used double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) to deplete Barren in Drosophila S2 cells

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Sawamura, K., M. T. Yamamoto, and T. K. Watanabe. "Hybrid lethal systems in the Drosophila melanogaster species complex. II. The Zygotic hybrid rescue (Zhr) gene of D. melanogaster." Genetics 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.307.

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Abstract Hybrid females from Drosophila simulans females x Drosophila melanogaster males die as embryos while hybrid males from the reciprocal cross die as larvae. We have recovered a mutation in melanogaster that rescues the former hybrid females. It was located on the X chromosome at a position close to the centromere, and it was a zygotically acting gene, in contrast with mhr (maternal hybrid rescue) in simulans that rescues the same hybrids maternally. We named it Zhr (Zygotic hybrid rescue). The gene also rescues hybrid females from embryonic lethals in crosses of Drosophila mauritiana fe

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Begun, David J., та Penn Whitley. "Adaptive Evolution of Relish, a Drosophila NF-κB/IκB Protein". Genetics 154, № 3 (1 березня 2000): 1231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/154.3.1231.

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Abstract NF-κB and IκB proteins have central roles in regulation of inflammation and innate immunity in mammals. Homologues of these proteins also play an important role in regulation of the Drosophila immune response. Here we present a molecular population genetic analysis of Relish, a Drosophila NF-κB/IκB protein, in Drosophila simulans and D. melanogaster. We find strong evidence for adaptive protein evolution in D. simulans, but not in D. melanogaster. The adaptive evolution appears to be restricted to the IκB domain. A possible explanation for these results is that Relish is a site of evo

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Penalva, Luiz O. F., Hiroshi Sakamoto, Aurea Navarro-Sabaté, Eiji Sakashita, Begoña Granadino, Carmen Segarra, and Lucas Sánchez. "Regulation of the Gene Sex-lethal: A Comparative Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila subobscura." Genetics 144, no. 4 (December 1, 1996): 1653–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/144.4.1653.

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The Drosophila gene Sex-lethal (Sxl) controls the processes of sex determination and dosage compensation. A Drosophila subobscura genomic fragment containing all the exons and the late and early promotors in the Sxl gene of D. melanogaster was isolated. Early Sxl expression in D. subobscura seems to be controlled at the transcriptional level, possibly by the X:A signal. In the region upstream of the early Sxl transcription initiation site are two conserved regions suggested to be involved in the early activation of Sxl. Late Sxl expression in D. subobscura produces four transcripts in adult fe

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Aguadé, M., N. Miyashita, and C. H. Langley. "Polymorphism and divergence in the Mst26A male accessory gland gene region in Drosophila." Genetics 132, no. 3 (November 1, 1992): 755–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/132.3.755.

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Abstract Drosophila males, like males of most other insects, transfer a group of specific proteins to the females during mating. These proteins are produced primarily in the accessory gland and are likely to influence the female's reproduction. The results of studies of DNA sequence polymorphism and divergence in two genes coding for male accessory gland proteins of Drosophila are reported here. The Mst26Aa and Mst26Ab transcription units are tandemly arranged in a approximately 1.6-kb segment in Drosophila sechellia, Drosophila mauritiana and Drosophila simulans as they were reported to be in

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Kliman, R. M., and J. Hey. "DNA sequence variation at the period locus within and among species of the Drosophila melanogaster complex." Genetics 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.375.

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Abstract A 1.9-kilobase region of the period locus was sequenced in six individuals of Drosophila melanogaster and from six individuals of each of three sibling species: Drosophila simulans, Drosophila sechellia and Drosophila mauritiana. Extensive genealogical analysis of 174 polymorphic sites reveals a complex history. It appears that D. simulans, as a large population still segregating very old lineages, gave rise to the island species D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. Rather than considering these speciation events as having produced "sister" taxa, it seems more appropriate to consider D. si

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