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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Dukem town »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 6 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Dukem town"

Mohammed, A., Lindiwe Zungu et M. E. Hoque. « Wastewater and solid waste disposal patterns of Dukem town households in Ethiopia ». Southern African Journal of Epidemiology and Infection 28, n^o 2 (janvier 2013) : 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10158782.2013.11441528.

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Mohammed, A. I., L. I. Zungu et M. E. Hoque. « Access to Safe Drinking Water and Availability of Environmental Sanitation Facilities among Dukem Town Households in Ethiopia ». Journal of Human Ecology 41, n^o 2 (février 2013) : 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2013.11906560.

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Suyum, Bikila Ayele. « Relocating Households to Unaccustomed Livelihood : The Impacts of Development-Induced Displacement in Urban Vicinity of Dukem Town, Central Ethiopia ». Journal of Agricultural Studies 7, n^o 2 (14 août 2019) : 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v7i3.15269.

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Involuntary displacement of people in the context of development projects often causes damage to livelihood of displaced people. The level of livelihood risks and impoverishments is often far reaching when the displaced people are relocated to unaccustomed livelihood settings. This research examined the impacts of development-induced displacement on the livelihoods of households displaced by Addis-Djibouti railway corridor construction in the vicinity of Dukem town. The study used mixed cross sectional research design. In-depth interview, focus group discussion and survey methods were used as tools of data collection. In addition, relevant secondary data were also collected from different secondary sources. The study used Cernea’s impoverishment risks and reconstruction model as an analytical framework. The study uncovered that majority of the displaced households have experienced deterioration of economic assets such as landlessness, cattlelessness and joblessness; decline in productivity and food insecurity, socioeconomic marginalization, weakening of social networks and deterioration of access to community services after displacement. Deterioration in access to the livelihood assets due to the displacement has resulted in impoverishments of livelihood of majority of the displaced households.

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Białuński, Grzegorz. « „Dla powszechnego rozwoju, podniesienia i poprawy naszego księstwa”. Lokacje miast mazurskich w Prusach Książęcych (1525-1701) ». Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne 69, n^o 2 (4 octobre 2018) : 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cph.2017.2.2.

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The article presents the process of creation of new towns in the Duchy of Prussia (1525-1701), which later became Masuria. More specifically, the paper describes how a hamlet received a location privilege. The establishment of towns described here (Olecko, Gołdap, Węgorzewo, Giżycko,Pisz and Ełk) was initiated by Albert, the Duke of Prussia (1525-1568). He was motivated by the idea partially formulated in the location privilege: “For the general growth, elevation and betterment of our duchy”. The duke personally granted the location privilege only to Olecko, which was the sole town established on previously unsettled land. In the remaining cases, he only gave a verbal promise. This did not guarantee a rapid grant of thelocation privilege as the promise was fulfilled by the duke’s successors in the remaining cases. It happened first in case of Gołdap and Węgorzewo, just several years after the promise had been made. It took a little longer in case of Giżycko (after several decades), while Pisz and Ełk had to wait the longest (almost or more than 100 years). Each town had its own different origins. Gołdap was created quickly (1565-1570) on an area which used to be a duke’s grange. Węgorzewo, Giżycko, Pisz and Ełk waited for several hundred years for a legally binding location privilege. It is important to note that each of the aforementioned towns was established near a former castle of the Teutonic Order. Moreover, the hamlets which developed near the former castles had a different status but they all performed a market or craft function. With time, this function served as a basis for applying for the town privilege. The market function was originally carried out by the peasant hamlets in Węgrorzewo and Giżycko, even though the towns were createdon the tenant farmer villages. Furthermore, the old peasant hamlets still functioned but as the contemporary out-of-town jurydykas (German Schloβfreiheit). Pisz was established on the basis of an old peasant hamlet and it never was a tenant farmer village. In case of Ełk it was the exact opposite, there never was a separate peasant hamlet. The tenant farmervillage located there evolved into a town. Only two towns were founded due to the inhabitants’ initiative, namely Olecko and Gołdap. The remaining ones were established collectively by the whole community. Most frequently, it took place with the participation of the inhabitants of the former hamlets (Giżycko, Pisz, and Ełk). The former inhabitants did not participate in the process of town building only in the case of Węgorzewo and Gołdap.Generally speaking, each location privilege described here gave the towns the so-called town privilege (German Stadtrecht). It described in detail the area of land and the type of the town privilege which was granted (Culm law in each case). Moreover, it allowed the creation of town authorities (mayor, council and bench) and granted them the option to issue documents and statutes (German Willkür) as well as allowed them to possess a seal. Furthermore, it allowed the towns to organize markets and fairs on certainfixed dates as well as regulated the rights and obligations of the townsmen. Even though the location privilege formally meant the end of the town creation process as far the law was concerned, it did not mean that it was the end of its formation. Further steps had to be made to constitute the authorities and the bench, to write statutes (German Willkür), guild regulations, etc.

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Dolynska, Maryana. « THE BEGINNINGS OF THE SPATIAL LOCATION OF LVIV IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 13TH CENTURY ». City History, Culture, Society, n^o 6 (10 avril 2019) : 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mics2019.06.039.

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The researches during the last 20 years have shown that there were some spatial features of Magdeburg (city) rule in that time. Primarily the structure of the town was similar to other Central or Western European towns: a castle (castrum, burg, grad, dytynets) and an extensive settlement (podil), the latter having no fortifications and being where merchants and craftsmen lived. The initial formation of the city territory based on the principles of the spatial location of the cities of the German law started around the 70-th years of 13 century – the times of rule of duke Lev.No research this period the author has applied the methodology of recreating the historical topography based on the retrospective comparison of the prestatictical sources and applying it to the historical maps of the period. The primary Lviv space of the 13th century was based on the real-estate of the first Lviv «advocatus», Bertold Stecher, and the «laneus» area of Maria Snizhna Church. (Laneus – medieval measure of area, the similar term «mansus»). The 1368th manuscript explained the German family Stecher received land from Duke Lev without being subject to any rent. This real-estate consisted of three parts; the villa (a house in the countryside); allod (the land owned andnot subject to any rent); and the molendinum (mill).After the late 19th-century comment to Latin text insisted that all of these parts of real-estate were Everyone of Lviv`s historians knows were sure these advocates Bertold Stecher`s real-estate (villa Maly Vinyk, allod Podpresk and molendinum Schilzkikut) were nearby contemporary town Vynnyky and far from 13th -14th cc. town of Lviv and far one from another.Using both the method of the retrospective location of real estate and systematic-criterion approach allows to made hard conclusion, that originally, the Maria Snizhna church «laneus» was near the Stecher mill and this «laneus» had divided the Duke`s jurisdiction from the Stecher settlement. Villa Maly Vinyk have changed its name to «Zamarstyniv ». All these real-estate parts constituted the core of the town of the Magdeburg rule. Lviv`s downtown (town within walls) has the typical Middle Age’s spatial urban form, but some specific of it shows it was founded in the 13th century

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Ptak, Marian J. « Zjazdy książąt śląskich w 1331 roku ». Prawo 324 (31 décembre 2017) : 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.324.4.

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Congresses of Silesian dukes of 1331 1331 was marked by four congresses of Silesian dukes, all featuring the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg. The first two were closely linked to John’s planned military expedition against Ladislaus the Elbow-High of Poland. The participants of the congress held between 25 and 30 September in Wrocław included the now vassal dukes of Wrocław and Głogów. It was followed by another congress, convened between 1 and 2 October in Głogów and featuring more or less the same participants, during which John of Ścinawa renounced his rights to Głogów, which was a dower dotalicium, Leibgedinge of Constance, the Duke of Głogów’s widow, in favour of the Bohemian king. This created a legal basis for seizing full ducal power over the duchy and combining it with the Duchy of Wrocław he was to inherit after the death of Duke Henry VI 1335. After his failure in the war against Ladislaus the Elbow-High, John of Luxembourg again came to Wrocław and during another congress, on 19 October, featuring the same dukes, he issued several documents with privileges for the city of Wrocław and Wrocław burghers. On the same day Boleslaus of Legnica gave the king Niemcza castle, town and district as a pledge, for a long time in possession of the independent Duke of Świdnica, Bolko, who opposed John of Luxembourg’s policy in Poland and Silesia. The last congress of Silesian dukes that year was held on 13 December in Prague. It featured nine Silesian dukes from the House of Piast and the Bishop of Wrocław. Those absent were the Dukes of Świdnica and Jawor as well as most dukes from Upper Silesia, with the exception of Ladislaus of Bytom and Bolko of Niemodlin. The congress is confirmed by just one document, which refers to the granting of the Duchy of Legnica, to be held jointly in fee investitura simultanea, Gesamtbelehnung, to Duke Boleslaus and his two sons in a compromise between the Polish ducal law and German feudatory law.Die Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge im Jahre 1331Im Jahre 1331 fanden vier Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge, alle unter Beteiligung von Johann von Luxemburg, dem König von Böhmen und Polen, statt. Die beiden ersten standen in strikter Verbindung mit dem von Johann gegen Władysław I. Ellenlang geplanten Kriegsfeldzug. In den Tagen des 25.–30. September fand die Zusammenkunft in Breslau statt, an der die bereits vasalisierten Herzöge der Linie Breslau und Glogau teilnahmen. An zwei folgenden Tagen, dem 1. und 2. Oktober fand die Zusammenkunft in Glogau in änhnlicher Zusammensetzung statt, an der Johann von Steinau auf die Erbrechte auf das Glogauer Land, das eine Mitgift dotalicium, Leibgedinge der Witwe Konstanze nach dem Glogauer Herzog darstellte, zugunsten des böhmischen Königs verzichtet hat. Dies gab ihm das Recht, dort die volle herzogliche Macht zu übernehmen und das Land mit dem Breslauer Herzogtum zu verbinden, das nach dem Tode des Herzogs Heinrich VI. 1335 an ihn fallen sollte. Nach den Mißerfolgen im Krieg mit Ellenlang erschien er wiederum in Breslau und an der folgenden Zusammenkunft am 19. Oktober unter Beteiligung von denselben Herzögen, stellte er mehrere Dokumente mit Privilegien für die Stadt Breslau und die Breslauer Bürger aus. An demselben Tage überließ Bolesław von Liegnitz dem König Nimptsch Schloß, Stadt und District als Pfand, der schon lange im Besitz des nicht vasalisierten Herzogs Bolko von Schweidnitz stand, der gegen die polnische und schlesische Politik des Luxemburgers war. Die letzte Zusammenkunft der schlesischen Herzöge in diesem Jahr fand am 13. Dezember in Prag statt. Beteiligt waren an ihr neun Herzöge der Piastendynastie aus Schlesien und der Breslauer Bischof. Abwesend waren die Herzöge der Linie Schweidnitz-Jauer und die meisten Oppelner Herzöge mit der Ausnahme des Władysław von Beuthen und des Bolko von Falkenberg. Ihr Stattfinden wird in nur einem Dokument bestätigt, welches die Belehnung des Fürstentums Liegnitz als Gesamtlehn, d. h. der gesamten Hand investitura simultanea, Gesamtlehn an den Herzog Bolesław und seine zwei Söhne feststellt, das ein Kompromiss zwischen dem polnischen herzoglichen Recht und dem deutschen Lehnrecht darstellte.

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DAMEN, MARIO. « The town as a stage ? Urban space and tournaments in late medieval Brussels ». Urban History 43, n^o 1 (10 février 2015) : 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926814000790.

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ABSTRACT:This article discusses the material and spatial features of the tournaments on the Grote Markt, the central market square in Brussels, in the fifteenth and first half of the sixteenth century. It investigates how the tournament acquired meaning in the urban space where it was organized, and how the chivalric event in its turn altered that urban space. These Brussels tournaments, for which both archival, iconographical and narrative sources are available, show us the dynamics of an inherently courtly festival within an urban setting. Recent historiography has stressed that these tournaments, just like other urban festivals, for example joyous entries, demonstrate the submission of the town to the ruler. Indeed, the prince and his household used the public space of the Grote Markt and the facilities of the town hall to organize tournaments and festivities. However, they could not do this on their own. They needed the town government for the organization and logistics of the tournament and for its hospitality. Moreover, the town managed to put its own stamp on the architecture, both permanent and ephemeral, emphasizing the responsibilities that the duke had towards his town, as well as the long tradition of subservience and loyalty of the town to the duke.

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García Moratalla, Pedro Joaquín. « Pleitos de la villa de Albacete a mediados del siglo XVI ». Al-Basit : Revista de Estudios Albacetenses 65 (1 décembre 2020) : 203–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37927/al-basit.65_6.

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In the mid 16th Century, the town of Albacete was immersed in a series of disputes that already came from long ago, although some were originated then and others would last longer. The fights with the neighboring towns of Chinchilla and La Gineta were constant, due to terms and meddling from one to another. The decrease in the public treasure was mainly motivated by the expenditures to afford the confrontations, along with those related to the conflict with the lands of Jorquera and Alcalá, manor of the marquis of Villena and duke of Escalona. The long lasting of the fighting led to cost overruns. The payout, at the Court and the Chancery of Granada, of lawyers, attorneys and solicitors, as well as the dispatch of local laborers and managers with specific messages and orders, largely undermined the funds of the Albacete council.

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Hofmeister, Adolf E. « Bremen, Harderwijk und die Zuiderzee ». Hansische Geschichtsblätter 134 (18 avril 2020) : 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/hgbll.2016.40.

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Bremen, Harderwijk and the ZuiderzeeThe Harderwijk peace treaty of 8 May 1446, negotiated by envoys of the duchy of Burgundy and the Hanse town Bremen and ratified by duke Philip the Good of Burgundy on 8 July 1446, brought to an end a war which had lasted for four years, during which Bremen had waged war on the Burgundian territories of Holland, Zealand, Flanders and Brabant in order to gain compensation for ships and goods which had been captured (mainly by privateers) in the conflict between Holland and the Wendish towns (1438– 41). During the latter conflict, neutral ships were been seized if they were suspected to be carrying Dutch or Flemish goods – a practice which also affected skippers and merchants from Kampen, Harderwijk and Deventer. Therefore Kampen repeatedly took the initiative to midwife an agreement between Bremen and Holland. At first, this failed to produce an acceptable result because Flanders could not be included. In the end, however, the negotiations in Harderwijk in April and May 1446 succeeded in bringing the war to an end. Bremen and Stade obtained financial compensation, to be funded by the towns of Holland and Zealand. Evidence of direct connections between Bremen and the Zuiderzee towns begins in the 14th century and concerns quarrels with citizens of Kampen and Deventer or the naturalization of immigrants from the Zuiderzee towns in Bremen. Beginning in the 12th and 13th centuries, vessels from Holland, Utrecht and Flanders on the one hand and from Bremen and Stade on the other used the shipping route via Vecht, Almere (later Zuiderzee) and Vlie for traffic and trade. From the 13th century, merchants from Bremen and from the Zuiderzee are found side by side in Norway and Scania trading in fish. In the 15th century, merchants of Kampen bought grain in Bremen, whereas merchants of Bremen purchased cloth in Deventer. Furthermore, Kampen, Deventer and Zwolle mediated in Bremen’s quarrels with merchants from Osnabrück and Cologne, with the town of Groningen and especially with Antwerpen. In the 16th century, the political and economic situation of the Zuiderzee towns changed radically, as they were first incorporated into the state of emperor Charles V, and then joined the Republic of the United Netherlands. At the same time, Bremen’s trade shifted to West Friesland and Amsterdam. Thus the intermediary position of the Zuiderzee Hanse towns – poised between Bremen and Holland – came to an end.

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Lebner, Ashley. « Race, space, secularism, and the writing of history ». Focaal 2017, n^o 77 (1 mars 2017) : 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2017.770110.

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Collins, John F. 2015. Revolt of the saints: Memory and redemption in the twilight of Brazilian racial democracy. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Seales, Chad E. 2013. The secular spectacle: Performing religion in a Southern town. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Dukem town"

Mohammed, Abdulwahid Idris. « Assessing environmental sanitation in Urban setting of Duken Town, Ethiopia ». Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6296.

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The aim of this study was to assess the environmental sanitation conditions with regard to water, sanitation, waste management and personal hygiene of households of Dukem town in Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the research. A total of 391 households had participated in the study. Majority of households had access to improved source of drinking water. The mean per capita per day water consumption of the households was low. Two-thirds of households had improved toilet facilities. Availability of improved waste management was grossly inadequate. Two-thirds of households had washed hands after visiting toilet. Generally households had good domestic environmental sanitation conditions but it also emerged that the households were deprived from full range of access to the most essential environmental sanitation services. Therefore, the inadequate level of service to the study area could be seen as opportunity for further focused improvements towards universal access to improved environmental sanitation.
Health Studies
M.A. (Public Health)

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Livres sur le sujet "Dukem town"

Nyon, Ekpo A. Duke town school calabar : 1846-1995. History of a missionary founded institution : Calabar, 1997.

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Proudfoot, L. J. Urban patronage and social authority : The management of the Duke of Devonshire's towns in Ireland, 1764-1891. Washington, D.C : Catholic University of America Press, 1995.

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Mcdermott, Leeanne. GamePro Presents : Sega Genesis Games Secrets : Greatest Tips. Rocklin : Prima Publishing, 1992.

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Tom, Badgett, dir. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 2ND Edition. Toronto : Bantam Books, 1991.

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Sandler, Corey. Official Sega Genesis and Game Gear strategies, 3RD Edition. New York : Bantam Books, 1992.

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Flood insurance study : Town of Gosnold, Massachusetts, Dukes County. [Washington, D.C.?] : Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986.

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United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency, dir. Flood insurance study : Town of Edgartown, Massachusetts, Dukes County. [Washington, D.C.] : Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1997.

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United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency., dir. Flood insurance study : Town of Chilmark, Massachusetts, Dukes County. [Washington, D.C.?] : Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1985.

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Flood insurance study : Town of West Tisbury, Massachusetts, Dukes County. [Washington, D.C.?] : Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1985.

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Flood insurance study : Town of Gay Head, Massachusetts, Dukes County. [Washington, D.C.?] : Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1985.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Dukem town"

« Duke Town ». Dans Mary Slessor - Everybody's Mother, 13–26. The Lutterworth Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1cgdz04.7.

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Twain, Mark. « Chapter 24 ». Dans Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536559.003.0027.

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Next day, towards night, we laid up under a little willow tow-head out in the middle, where there was a village on each side of the river, and the duke and the king begun to lay out a plan for working them towns. Jim...

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Trollope, Anthony. « The Duke and Duchess in Town ». Dans Phineas Redux. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199583485.003.0033.

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At the end of March the Duchess of Omnium, never more to be called Lady Glencora by the world at large, came up to London. The Duke, though he was now banished from the House of Commons, was nevertheless wanted in London; and what...

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Canady, Andrew McNeill. « The Making of a Southern Liberal ». Dans Willis Duke Weatherford. University Press of Kentucky, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813168159.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 examines how Weatherford moved from the provincial worldview of a small Texas town to become a southern liberal on matters of race and religion. This was brought on by his move to Nashville, Tenn., his academic studies at Vanderbilt University (undergraduate and graduate), his questioning of religious faith, his urban living, and his interaction with African Americans. Indeed, Weatherford’s movement toward liberalism was heavily influenced by his strong Protestant religious focus, a point he held in common with almost all white southern liberals of this era.

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Trollope, Anthony. « ‘Mabel, good-bye’ ». Dans The Duke's Children. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199578382.003.0081.

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When Tregear first came to town with his arm in a sling, and bandages all round him,—in order that he might be formally accepted by the Duke,—he had himself taken to one other house besides the house in Carlton Terrace. He went to Belgrave...

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Canady, Andrew McNeill. « A Respectable Religious Message ». Dans Willis Duke Weatherford. University Press of Kentucky, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813168159.003.0003.

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This chapter provides a history of the YMCA in the South and examines Weatherford’s activities within the southern YMCA, particularly among college students from 1900 through 1920. In this period the YMCA was an important institution in towns and cities across the country and particularly among college students, as it was the key campus ministry organization. Weatherford sought to make an intellectually respectable argument for religion in this era of growing skepticism, and he also came to formally address the concerns of African Americans as a vital part of this mission. Weatherford authored some of the first texts in the South about the conditions of blacks and also supported the creation of YMCA study groups to consider these concerns. Race relations at this point for Weatherford remained primarily about making whites aware of these issues. He did not encourage this group to call for political changes.

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Lewis, Michael J. « Christianopolis ». Dans City of Refuge. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171814.003.0004.

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This chapter discusses the decision of Friedrich I, the Duke of Württemberg, to establish a town for religious refugees at the extreme northern edge of the Black Forest, in 1598. He hoped to attract the beleaguered Protestants of Austria, where the Counter-Reformation was in full vigor. Other European princes had done the same from time to time since the beginning of the Reformation, but Friedrich was the first to make the city itself a physical emblem of a Protestant sanctuary. The result was the first formally planned city of refuge, which he named Freudenstadt, which literally means “city of joy.” As designer of Freudenstadt, Duke Friedrich appointed Heinrich Schickhardt (1558–1635), one of the most prolific and amiable architects of the German Renaissance.

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Hartrich, Eliza. « The Urban Sector and the Beginning of the Wars of the Roses, 1450–61 ». Dans Politics and the Urban Sector in Fifteenth-Century England, 1413-1471, 127–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844426.003.0004.

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Typically, periods of political crisis in medieval England—such as the Barons’ War of the 1250s and 1260s or the troubles of Edward II’s reign—brought towns and their residents to the forefront of national politics, but the early years of the Wars of the Roses proved a notable exception to this rule. The first section of this chapter demonstrates that weakened links between towns, combined with the local dominance of mercantile elites in 1435–50, meant that the urban sector had neither the means nor the will to influence the brewing conflict between the duke of York and the monarchy in 1450–5. The second section, however, shows that the late 1450s saw a return to urban collective action and a ‘politicization’ of townspeople. The re-emergence of a ‘politicized’ urban sector in the Wars of the Roses proved to be a crucial factor in breaking the political stalemate of the 1450s.

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« 271 From William and Sarah Duke in Kentish Town [St Pancras], London, to the overseers of Chelmsford, 20 April 1829 ». Dans Records of Social and Economic History : New Series, Vol. 30 : Essex Pauper Letters : 1731–1837, sous la direction de Thomas Sokoll, 284. British Academy, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00167191.

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Melentev, Fedor I. « Why did the heir to the throne throw a lamp ? Comparative Analysis of the Descriptions of Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich’s Journey around Russia in 1869 ». Dans A Stranger’s Gaze : Diplomats, Journalists, Scholars — Travellers between East and West from the Eighteenth Century to the Twenty-First, 44–52. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences ; Nestor-Istoriia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/4469-1767-9.03.

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The essay analyses the memoirs, epistolary, and journalistic evidence of the tour of Russia undertaken by Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich in 1869. The sources upon which the essay is based consist of personal materials which have remained unpublished and little studied. The journey of the heir to the throne was of great importance because it allowed the Grand Duke to “get to know” his future sub-jects. The companions of the Tsesarevich played a special role as they were able to give him good advice and to account for the things he had seen. In this essay, special emphasis is paid to the visits of the Tsesarevich to Khvalynsk and Volsk as well as on how these were described in historical sources. During his visits to these towns Tsesarevich Alexander Alexandrovich became irritated at the need to meet local people. Being tired of the ceremonies, in his diary the heir justiﬁed his irritability with malaise, but Tsesarevna Maria Feodorovna, who accompanied him, and the members of his suite were perplexed at his behaviour. A comparative analysis of the descriptions of the journey is allowed by the precise memoirs of N. A. Kachalov, who points out that the heir's irritability was caused by the neces-sity to strictly follow the route. However, the fact that the route was mentioned shows that the travellers did not follow it precisely. Studying in this context an anonymous brochure “Journey of the Sovereign Heir to the Throne and the Tsar-evna in 1869” allows its authorship to be credited to С. P. Pobedonostsev. In total, comparative analysis of the descriptions of the Tsesarevich's journey allows fur-ther conclusions to be drawn about the complicated and contradictory socializa-tion process of the future Emperor Alexander III.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Dukem town"

Boido, Cristina. « Il disegno della città ideale : Cosmopolis ». Dans FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia : Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11465.

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The representations of the ideal town: CosmopolisIn 1548, under the Florentine lordship of the Medici, Charles V gave Cosimo I de 'Medici the task of defending the territories of Elba and the commercial traffic of the Tyrrhenian Sea. The Duke, who strongly believed in the potential of the island and wanted to transform it into the center of Florentine rule over the Tyrrhenian, decided to fortify the ancient city of Ferraia, the current Portoferraio. A real jewel of military town planning that took the name of Cosmopolis was born by the architect Giovanni Battista Bellucci and by the engineer Giovanni Camerini. Thanks to its natural conformation, the gulf of Portoferraio protected on one side a strip of land that closes the port like a spiral, and on the other hand protected by two rocky headlands overlooking the sea, was extremely strategic and suitable for defense. Fort Stella and Fort Falcone were built in the upper part of the promontory and the Linguella tower, near the dock, all connected by a bastion wall. Later the defense was further strengthened by walls and ramparts also on the land front side according to the project of the architect Bernardo Buontalenti, transforming the city into an impregnable fortress, as well as a safe naval base. The study of urban representations of the city testifies to how the foundation of Cosmopolis for the Medici duchy was an event of extraordinary value, symbol of the strength of the Duke and his expansive abilities, symbol of an ideal city not only conceived and designed in contemporary treatises, but actually made.

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Gee, Randy, Gilbert Cohen et Ken Greenwood. « Operation and Preliminary Performance of the Duke Solar Power Roof™ : A Roof-Integrated Solar Cooling and Heating System ». Dans ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44035.

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The first commercial-scale Duke Solar Power Roof™, a roof-integrated solar cooling and heating system, began operation in Raleigh, North Carolina in late July 2002. This system is designed to provide 176 kW (50 ton) of solar-driven space cooling using a unique nonimaging concentrating solar collector. The measured performance of the system during its first months of operation is reported here, along with a description of the design and operation of this system.

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