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1

McBroome, Jakob, David Liang, and Russell Corbett-Detig. "Fine-Scale Position Effects Shape the Distribution of Inversion Breakpoints in Drosophila melanogaster." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 8 (2020): 1378–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa103.

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Abstract Chromosomal inversions are among the primary drivers of genome structure evolution in a wide range of natural populations. Although there is an impressive array of theory and empirical analyses that have identified conditions under which inversions can be positively selected, comparatively little data are available on the fitness impacts of these genome structural rearrangements themselves. Because inversion breakpoints can disrupt functional elements and alter chromatin domains, the precise positioning of an inversion’s breakpoints can strongly affect its fitness. Here, we compared t
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Coyne, J. A., W. Meyers, A. P. Crittenden, and P. Sniegowski. "The fertility effects of pericentric inversions in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 134, no. 2 (1993): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/134.2.487.

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Abstract Heterozygotes for pericentric inversions are expected to be semisterile because recombination in the inverted region produces aneuploid gametes. Newly arising pericentric inversions should therefore be quickly eliminated from populations by natural selection. The occasional polymorphism for such inversions and their fixation among closely related species have supported the idea that genetic drift in very small populations can overcome natural selection in the wild. We studied the effect of 7 second-chromosome and 30 third-chromosome pericentric inversions on the fertility of heterokar
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Crow, Taylor, James Ta, Saghi Nojoomi, et al. "Gene regulatory effects of a large chromosomal inversion in highland maize." PLOS Genetics 16, no. 12 (2020): e1009213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009213.

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Chromosomal inversions play an important role in local adaptation. Inversions can capture multiple locally adaptive functional variants in a linked block by repressing recombination. However, this recombination suppression makes it difficult to identify the genetic mechanisms underlying an inversion’s role in adaptation. In this study, we used large-scale transcriptomic data to dissect the functional importance of a 13 Mb inversion locus (Inv4m) found almost exclusively in highland populations of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays). Inv4m was introgressed into highland maize from the wild relative Zea
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Vantassel, Joseph P., and Brady R. Cox. "SWinvert: a workflow for performing rigorous 1-D surface wave inversions." Geophysical Journal International 224, no. 2 (2020): 1141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa426.

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SUMMARY SWinvert is a workflow developed at The University of Texas at Austin for the inversion of surface wave dispersion data. SWinvert encourages analysts to investigate inversion uncertainty and non-uniqueness in shear wave velocity (Vs) by providing a systematic procedure and specific actionable recommendations for surface wave inversion. In particular, the workflow encourages the use of multiple layering parametrizations to address the inversion's non-uniqueness, multiple global searches for each parametrization to address the inverse problem's non-linearity and quantification of Vs unce
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Mecate, Danielle, Rod Handy, Leon Pahler, Darrah Sleeth, Joemy Ramsay, and Camie Schaefer. "Temperature Inversion and Ultrafine Particulate/Near Ultrafine Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Salt Lake Valley." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 7 (2021): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i7.2263.

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Ultrafine particulate (UFP) matter exposures are associated with negative health outcomes. UFPs (<100nm) and near UFP (NUFP) matter (4.5nm - 250nm) are trapped by the bowl-like geography of the Salt Lake Valley causing winter inversions (i.e., trapped particulate matter (PM)). Enmont PUFP C100 and Grimm 1.109 particle counters were used to define NUFP concentrations during inversion (n=5) and non-inversion (n=5) days at 7 sites. NUFP concentrations served as a proxy for the UFP fraction. NUFP concentrations were log-transformed and multivariable mixed effects linear regression models determ
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Mecate, Danielle, Rod Handy, Leon Pahler, Darrah Sleeth, Joemy Ramsay, and Camie Schaefer. "Temperature Inversion and Ultrafine Particulate/Near Ultrafine Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Salt Lake Valley." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 2, no. 7 (2021): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v2i7.2263.

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Ultrafine particulate (UFP) matter exposures are associated with negative health outcomes. UFPs (<100nm) and near UFP (NUFP) matter (4.5nm - 250nm) are trapped by the bowl-like geography of the Salt Lake Valley causing winter inversions (i.e., trapped particulate matter (PM)). Enmont PUFP C100 and Grimm 1.109 particle counters were used to define NUFP concentrations during inversion (n=5) and non-inversion (n=5) days at 7 sites. NUFP concentrations served as a proxy for the UFP fraction. NUFP concentrations were log-transformed and multivariable mixed effects linear regression models determ
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Miesel, L., A. Segall, and J. R. Roth. "Construction of chromosomal rearrangements in Salmonella by transduction: inversions of non-permissive segments are not lethal." Genetics 137, no. 4 (1994): 919–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/137.4.919.

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Abstract Homologous sequences placed in inverse order at particular separated sites in the bacterial chromosome (termed "permissive") can recombine to form an inversion of the intervening chromosome segment. When the same repeated sequences flank other chromosome segments ("non-permissive"), recombination occurs but the expected inversion rearrangement is not found among the products. The failure to recover inversions of non-permissive chromosomal segments could be due to lethal effects of the final rearrangement. Alternatively, local chromosomal features might pose barriers to reciprocal exch
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Smith, Craig M., and Eric D. Skyllingstad. "Effects of Inversion Height and Surface Heat Flux on Downslope Windstorms." Monthly Weather Review 139, no. 12 (2011): 3750–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011mwr3619.1.

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Abstract Simulations are presented focusing on the role of temperature inversions in controlling the formation and strength of downslope wind storms. Three mechanisms are examined depending on the relative height of the inversion with respect to the mountain and the stability of vertically propagating mountain waves. For low-level inversions, flows are generated that closely resemble a reduced gravity shallow water hydraulic response with a large vertical displacement of the inversion on the lee side of the mountain. For higher-level inversion cases, simulated flows more closely followed a str
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9

Werle, Sean F., Ed Klekowski, and Douglas G. Smith. "Inversion polymorphism in a Connecticut River Axarus species (Diptera: Chironomidae): biometric effects of a triple inversion heterozygote." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 1 (2004): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-227.

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The authors sampled three spatially isolated populations of a chironomid midge in the genus Axarus living in the Connecticut River both early and late in the larval life cycle of one generation. Larvae were scored for both length and inversion frequency using the polytene chromosomes from salivary gland cells. We found polymorphism for four paracentric inversions. Inversion C1–6 exhibits a geographic cline, increasing in frequency with increasing latitude but remaining stable over time. Also stable over time were two other paracentric inversions designated A1–5 and F13–20, which were present a
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10

Hill, C. W., and J. A. Gray. "Effects of chromosomal inversion on cell fitness in Escherichia coli K-12." Genetics 119, no. 4 (1988): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.4.771.

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Abstract In an effort to learn what factors might mitigate the establishment of Escherichia coli variants bearing major chromosomal rearrangements, we have examined the effects on cell growth of two inversions between rRNA operons. One of these inversions, IN(rrnD-rrnE), had been propagated in a commonly used subline of E. coli K-12 for approximately 30 yr before its discovery, a fact that illustrates the absence of obvious detrimental effects associated with the inversion. We found that culturing under conditions requiring repeated transition from stationary phase to rapid growth led to the r
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Zivanovic, Goran, Concepció Arenas, and Francesc Mestres. "The Adaptive Value of Chromosomal Inversions and Climatic Change—Studies on the Natural Populations of Drosophila subobscura from the Balkans." Insects 14, no. 7 (2023): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14070596.

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The adaptive value of the Drosophila subobscura chromosomal inversion polymorphism with regard to environmental effects is well-known. However, the specific details of the inversion adaptations to the global warming scenario deserve to be analyzed. Toward this aim, polymorphism and karyotypes were studied in 574 individuals from Petnica (Serbia) in annual samples taken in June for the period 2019–2022. Comparing the results of Petnica (Cfa: humid subtropical climate) with those from Avala (Serbia: Cfb, temperate oceanic climate) and Font Groga (Barcelona, Spain; Csa: hot-summer Mediterranean c
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12

Ha, Wansoo, and Changsoo Shin. "Why do Laplace-domain waveform inversions yield long-wavelength results?" GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 4 (2013): R167—R173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0365.1.

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Laplace-domain inversions generate long-wavelength velocity models from synthetic and field data sets, unlike full-waveform inversions in the time or frequency domain. By examining the gradient directions of Laplace-domain inversions, we explain why they result in long-wavelength velocity models. The gradient direction of the inversion is calculated by multiplying the virtual source and the back-propagated wavefield. The virtual source has long-wavelength features because it is the product of the smooth forward-modeled wavefield and the partial derivative of the impedance matrix, which depends
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13

Bai, Jianyong, David Yingst, Robert Bloor, and Jacques Leveille. "Viscoacoustic waveform inversion of velocity structures in the time domain." GEOPHYSICS 79, no. 3 (2014): R103—R119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0030.1.

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Because of the conversion of elastic energy into heat, seismic waves are attenuated and dispersed as they propagate. The attenuation effects can reduce the resolution of velocity models obtained from waveform inversion or even cause the inversion to produce incorrect results. Using a viscoacoustic model consisting of a single standard linear solid, we discovered a theoretical framework of viscoacoustic waveform inversion in the time domain for velocity estimation. We derived and found the viscoacoustic wave equations for forward modeling and their adjoint to compensate for the attenuation effe
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14

Singh, B. N., and A. K. Singh. "The effects of heterozygous inversions on crossing-over in Drosophila ananassae." Genome 29, no. 5 (1987): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-134.

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Crossing-over was studied in females of Drosophila ananassae under different karyotypic combinations to detect the effects of heterozygous inversions by utilizing three recessive markers of the second chromosome. Because of the presence of a subterminal inversion (2L) in the heterozygous condition, crossing-over between the cu and b genes is completely eliminated. However, 2L heterozygosity enhances the level of recombination between the b and se genes. Furthermore, two third chromosome inversions when heterozygous also exert an enhancing effect on crossing-over in the second chromosome. These
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15

da Silva, Vinicius H., Veronika N. Laine, Mirte Bosse, et al. "The Genomic Complexity of a Large Inversion in Great Tits." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 7 (2019): 1870–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz106.

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Abstract Chromosome inversions have clear effects on genome evolution and have been associated with speciation, adaptation, and the evolution of the sex chromosomes. In birds, these inversions may play an important role in hybridization of species and disassortative mating. We identified a large (≈64 Mb) inversion polymorphism in the great tit (Parus major) that encompasses almost 1,000 genes and more than 90% of Chromosome 1A. The inversion occurs at a low frequency in a set of over 2,300 genotyped great tits in the Netherlands with only 5% of the birds being heterozygous for the inversion. I
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Rigola, Maria A., Neus Baena, Vicenç Català, et al. "A 11.7-Mb Paracentric Inversion in Chromosome 1q Detected in Prenatal Diagnosis Associated with Familial Intellectual Disability." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 146, no. 2 (2015): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437127.

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Most apparent balanced chromosomal inversions are usually clinically asymptomatic; however, infertility, miscarriages, and mental retardation have been reported in inversion carriers. We present a small family with a paracentric inversion 1q42.13q43 detected in routine prenatal diagnosis. Molecular cytogenetic methods defined the size of the inversion as 11.7 Mb and excluded other unbalanced chromosomal alterations in the patients. Our findings suggest that intellectual disability is caused by dysfunction, disruption, or position effects of genes located at or near the breakpoints involved in
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Liu, Hongxing, Jingye Li, Xiaohong Chen, Bo Hou, and Li Chen. "Amplitude variation with offset inversion using the reflectivity method." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 4 (2016): R185—R195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0332.1.

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Most existing amplitude variation with offset (AVO) inversion methods are based on the Zoeppritz’s equation or its approximations. These methods assume that the amplitude of seismic data depends only on the reflection coefficients, which means that the wave-propagation effects, such as geometric spreading, attenuation, transmission loss, and multiples, have been fully corrected or attenuated before inversion. However, these requirements are very strict and can hardly be satisfied. Under a 1D assumption, reflectivity-method-based inversions are able to handle transmission losses and internal mu
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18

Brossier, Romain, Stéphane Operto, and Jean Virieux. "Seismic imaging of complex onshore structures by 2D elastic frequency-domain full-waveform inversion." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 6 (2009): WCC105—WCC118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3215771.

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Quantitative imaging of the elastic properties of the subsurface at depth is essential for civil engineering applications and oil- and gas-reservoir characterization. A realistic synthetic example provides for an assessment of the potential and limits of 2D elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) of wide-aperture seismic data for recovering high-resolution P- and S-wave velocity models of complex onshore structures. FWI of land data is challenging because of the increased nonlinearity introduced by free-surface effects such as the propagation of surface waves in the heterogeneous near-surface. M
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19

Singh, B. N. "Patterns and Population Dynamics of Inversion Polymorphism in different Species of Drosophila." Journal of Scientific Research 68, no. 01 (2024): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37398/jsr.2024.680103.

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The structural and numerical aberrations are known to occur in different species of plants and animals including humans. Paracentic inversions in Drosophila, pericentric inversions in grasshoppers, trananslocations in Oenothera lamarckian and polyploidy in plants have been studied in detail. The genus Drosophiala is an interesting biological model which belongs to the family Drosophilidae (Class-Insecta and Order-Diptera) characterised by rich species diversity at global level and also in India. More than 1500 species have been rereported at global levl and about 150 species from India. Invers
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Said, Iskander, Ashley Byrne, Victoria Serrano, Charis Cardeno, Christopher Vollmers, and Russell Corbett-Detig. "Linked genetic variation and not genome structure causes widespread differential expression associated with chromosomal inversions." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 21 (2018): 5492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721275115.

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Chromosomal inversions are widely thought to be favored by natural selection because they suppress recombination between alleles that have higher fitness on the same genetic background or in similar environments. Nonetheless, few selected alleles have been characterized at the molecular level. Gene expression profiling provides a powerful way to identify functionally important variation associated with inversions and suggests candidate phenotypes. However, altered genome structure itself might also impact gene expression by influencing expression profiles of the genes proximal to inversion bre
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Singh, A. K., and B. N. Singh. "Heterozygous inversions and spontaneous male crossing-over in Drosophila ananassae." Genome 30, no. 3 (1988): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-075.

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Experiments were conducted to detect the effects of heterozygous inversions on spontaneous crossing-over in males of Drosophila ananassae by using a second chromosome triple recessive stock and four wild stocks. The karyotypic constitution of all the stocks was known. The occurrence of spontaneous male crossing-over has been observed in all the strains tested though the rate of recombination varies. The results show that crossing-over is completely absent between cu and b genes due to inversion heterozygosity in 2L. The males homozygous in 2L show crossing-over in both regions (cu–b, b–se). Th
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Carter-McAuslan, Angela, Peter G. Lelièvre, and Colin G. Farquharson. "A study of fuzzy c-means coupling for joint inversion, using seismic tomography and gravity data test scenarios." GEOPHYSICS 80, no. 1 (2015): W1—W15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2014-0056.1.

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Joint inversion, the inversion of multiple geophysical data sets containing complementary information about the subsurface, has the potential to significantly improve inversion results by reducing the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem. One of the challenges of joint inversion is deciding how to couple the multiple physical property models. If a coupling approach is used that is inconsistent with the physical truth, then inversion artifacts can occur and may lead to incorrect interpretations. In this paper, we investigated the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering approach to provide a lithological
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von Frese, R. R. B., D. N. Ravat, W. J. Hinze, and C. A. McGue. "Improved inversion of geopotential field anomalies for lithospheric investigations." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 3 (1988): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442471.

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Instabilities and the large matrices which are common to inversions of regional magnetic and gravity anomalies often complicate the use of efficient least‐squares matrix procedures. Inversion stability profoundly affects anomaly analysis, and hence it must be considered in any application. Wildly varying or unstable solutions are the products of errors in the anomaly observations and the integrated effects of observation spacing, source spacing, elevation differences between sources and observations, geographic coordinate attributes, geomagnetic field attitudes, and other factors which influen
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Latimer, Robyn N. C., and David A. Risk. "An inversion approach for determining distribution of production and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration." Biogeosciences 13, no. 7 (2016): 2111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2111-2016.

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Abstract. Physical soil properties create lags between temperature change and corresponding soil responses, which obscure true Q10 (temperature sensitivity) values and other biophysical parameters such as depth of production. This study examines an inversion approach for estimating Q10 and e-folding depth of CO2 production (Zp) using physically based soil models, constrained by observed high-frequency surface fluxes and/or concentrations. Our inversion strategy uses a one-dimensional (1-D) multi-layered soil model that simulates realistic temperature and gas diffusion. We tested inversion scen
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Latimer, R. N. C., and D. A. Risk. "An inversion approach for determining production depth and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 13 (2015): 10137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10137-2015.

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Abstract. Physical soil properties create lags between temperature change and corresponding soil responses, which obscure true Q10 values and other biophysical parameters such as depth of production. This study examines an inversion approach for estimating Q10 and depth of production (Zp) using physically based soil models, constrained by observed high-frequency surface fluxes and/or concentrations. Our inversion strategy uses a 1-D multi-layered soil model that simulates realistic temperature and gas diffusion. We tested inversion scenarios on synthetic data using a range of constraining para
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Navarro, Arcadio, Esther Betrán, Carlos Zapata, and Alfredo Ruiz. "Dynamics of gametic disequilibria between loci linked to chromosome inversions: the recombination-redistributing effect of inversions." Genetical Research 67, no. 1 (1996): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300033486.

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SummaryThe total gametic disequilibrium between two loci linked to polymorphic inversions can be partitioned into two types of components: within and between chromosome arrangements. The within components depend on the gametic disequilibrium within each chromosome arrangement. The between components depend on the locus-inversion disequilibria. This partitioning has practical applications and is indispensable for studying the dynamics of these systems because inversions greatly reduce recombination in the heterokaryotypes while allowing free, and sometimes different, recombination in each of th
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Rendón, Angela M., Juan F. Salazar, Carlos A. Palacio, Volkmar Wirth, and Björn Brötz. "Effects of Urbanization on the Temperature Inversion Breakup in a Mountain Valley with Implications for Air Quality." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 53, no. 4 (2014): 840–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-13-0165.1.

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AbstractMany cities located in valleys with limited ventilation experience serious air pollution problems. The ventilation of an urban valley can be limited not only by orographic barriers, but also by urban heat island–induced circulations and/or the capping effect of temperature inversions. Furthermore, land-use/-cover changes caused by urbanization alter the dynamics of temperature inversions and urban heat islands, thereby affecting air quality in an urban valley. By means of idealized numerical simulations, it is shown that in a mountain valley subject to temperature inversions urbanizati
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del Priore, Lucía, and María I. Pigozzi. "Heterologous Synapsis and Crossover Suppression in Heterozygotes for a Pericentric Inversion in the Zebra Finch." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 147, no. 2-3 (2015): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442656.

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In the zebra finch, 2 alternative morphs regarding centromere position were described for chromosome 6. This polymorphism was interpreted to be the result of a pericentric inversion, but other causes of the centromere repositioning were not ruled out. We used immunofluorescence localization to examine the distribution of MLH1 foci on synaptonemal complexes to test the prediction that pericentric inversions cause synaptic irregularities and/or crossover suppression in heterozygotes. We found complete suppression of crossing over in the region involved in the rearrangement in male and female het
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Tuncer, Volkan, Martyn J. Unsworth, Weerachai Siripunvaraporn, and James A. Craven. "Exploration for unconformity-type uranium deposits with audiomagnetotelluric data: A case study from the McArthur River mine, Saskatchewan, Canada." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 6 (2006): B201—B209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2348780.

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Unconformity-type deposits supply a significant amount of the world’s uranium and consist of uranium that is generally codeposited with graphite in a fault zone. The low resistivity of the graphite produces a significant contrast in electrical resistivity, which can be located with electromagnetic (EM) methods. The Athabasca Basin in Western Canada hosts significant uranium deposits, and exploration in deeper parts of the basin has required the application of new EM methods. This paper presents an evaluation of the audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) exploration method at the McArthur River mine in the
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Jia, Zhe, Zhongwen Zhan, and Donald Helmberger. "Bayesian differential moment tensor inversion: theory and application to the North Korea nuclear tests." Geophysical Journal International 229, no. 3 (2022): 2034–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac053.

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SUMMARY Moment tensors are key to seismic discrimination but often require accurate Green's functions for estimation. This limits the regions, frequency bands and wave types in moment tensor inversions. In this study, we propose a differential moment tensor inversion (diffMT) method that uses relative measurements to remove the path effects shared by clustered events, thereby improving the accuracy of source parameters. Using results from regular inversions as a priori distribution, we apply Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo to invert the body- and surface wave amplitude ratios of an event pai
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Eaton, David W., and Farshid Forouhideh. "Solid angles and the impact of receiver-array geometry on microseismic moment-tensor inversion." GEOPHYSICS 76, no. 6 (2011): WC77—WC85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2011-0077.1.

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Seismic moment tensors provide a concise mathematical representation of point sources that can be used to characterize microseismic focal mechanisms. After correction for propagation effects, the six independent components of a moment tensor can be found by least-squares inversion based on P- and/or S-waveform (or spectral) amplitudes observed at different directions from the source. Using synthetic waveform data, we investigated geometrical factors that affect the reliability of such inversions. We demonstrated that the solid angle subtended by the receiver array, as viewed from the source lo
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Soni, Alok K., Rene-Edouard Plessix, and Mark J. Huiskes. "A comparison of ray-based traveltime and waveform inversion results for depth velocity model building in complex fold and thrust belts." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): B109—B121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0188.1.

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In onshore fold and thrust belt geology, seismic wave propagation leads to complex waveforms due to large lateral variations in the earth parameters and multiple scattering effects. Moreover, due to acquisition difficulties in mountainous terrain, data coverage can be limited. Although waveform inversion should help in imaging in this context, finding a sufficiently accurate initial model parameter is challenging. Efficient ray-based traveltime inversions could be used when we focus on the early arrivals. However, they rely on a high-frequency assumption that may not be justified in this conte
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Torgasheva, Anna A., and Pavel M. Borodin. "Synapsis and recombination in inversion heterozygotes." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 6 (2010): 1676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0381676.

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Inversion heterozygotes are expected to suffer from reduced fertility and a high incidence of chromosomally unbalanced gametes due to recombination within the inverted region. Non-homologous synapsis of the inverted regions can prevent recombination there and diminish the deleterious effects of inversion heterozygosity. The choice between non-homologous and homologous synapsis depends on the size of inversion, its genetic content, its location in relation to the centromere and telomere, and genetic background. In addition, there is a class of inversions in which homologous synapsis is graduall
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Bleibinhaus, Florian, and Stéphane Rondenay. "Effects of surface scattering in full-waveform inversion." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 6 (2009): WCC69—WCC77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3223315.

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In full-waveform inversion of seismic body waves, often the free surface is ignored on grounds of computational efficiency. A synthetic study was performed to investigate the effects of this simplification. In terms of size and frequency, the test model and data conform to a real long-offset survey of the upper crust across the San Andreas fault. Random fractal variations are superimposed on a background model with strong lateral and vertical velocity variations ranging from 1200 to 6800 m/s. Synthetic data were computed and inverted for this model and different topographies. A fully viscoelas
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Rangel, Marcos A., and Romina Tomé. "Health and the Megacity: Urban Congestion, Air Pollution, and Birth Outcomes in Brazil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031151.

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We studied the health effects of economic development in heavily urbanized areas, where congestion poses a challenge to environmental conditions. We employed detailed data from air pollution and birth records around the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2002 and 2009. During this period, the megacity experienced sustained growth marked by the increases in employment rates and ownership of durable goods, including automobiles. While better economic conditions are expected to improve infant health, air pollution that accompanies it is expected to do the opposite. To untangle these
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DEPAULIS, FRANTZ, LIONEL BRAZIER, SYLVAIN MOUSSET, ANNE TURBE, and MICHEL VEUILLE. "Selective sweep near the In(2L)t inversion breakpoint in an African population of Drosophila melanogaster." Genetical Research 76, no. 2 (2000): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300004626.

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Chromosomal inversions largely inhibit recombination and may be associated with selective forces, such as hitch-hiking effects: the effect of positive selection on linked loci. A West African population of Drosophila melanogaster showed a high frequency (0·61) of the In(2L)t inversion. Departure from neutrality statistically associated with the inversion polymorphism was previously recorded at Su(H), a locus distant from the proximal breakpoint of the inversion. These results were consistent with hitch-hiking effects with recombination. The present sequence polymorphism survey involves a 1 kb
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Zhang, Lu, Zhenchao Ma, Kuiwen Xu, and Yu Zhong. "Wavelet-Based Subspace Regularization for Solving Highly Nonlinear Inverse Scattering Problems with Contraction Integral Equation." Electronics 9, no. 11 (2020): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111760.

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A wavelet transform twofold subspace-based optimization method (WT-TSOM) is proposed to solve the highly nonlinear inverse scattering problems with contraction integral equation for inversion (CIE-I). While the CIE-I is able to suppress the multiple scattering effects within inversion (without compromising the accuracy of the physics), proper regularization is needed. In this paper, we investigate a new type subspace regularization technique based on wavelet expansions for the induced currents. We found that the bior3.5 wavelet is a good choice to stabilize the inversions with the CIE-I model
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Pendrel, John, and Henk Schouten. "Facies — The drivers for modern inversions." Leading Edge 39, no. 2 (2020): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39020102.1.

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It is common practice to make facies estimations from the outcomes of seismic inversions and their derivatives. Bayesian analysis methods are a popular approach to this. Facies are important indicators of hydrocarbon deposition and geologic processes. They are critical to geoscientists and engineers. The application of Bayes’ rule maps prior probabilities to posterior probabilities when given new evidence from observations. Per-facies elastic probability density functions (ePDFs) are constructed from elastic-log and rock-physics model crossplots, over which inversion results are superimposed.
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Kuge, Keiko, Jiajun Zhang, and Masayuki Kikuchi. "The 12 July 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki, Japan, earthquake: Effects of source complexity on surface-wave radiation." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 2 (1996): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860020505.

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Abstract We present an analysis of the data dependency of surface-wave inversions for source parameters of the 12 July 1993 Hokkaido-Nansei-Oki, Japan, earthquake. This dependency is demonstrated by differences between source mechanisms obtained from different data sets, particularly from Rayleigh waves or Love waves, although inversions of various data sets yield unanimously thrust-fault mechanisms. For the inversion of Rayleigh waves, the mechanism is characterized by a shallow-dipping west-plunging nodal plane, which is consistent with P-wave first-motion data and the distribution of afters
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Maurer, Hansruedi, Stewart A. Greenhalgh, Edgar Manukyan, Stefano Marelli, and Alan G. Green. "Receiver-coupling effects in seismic waveform inversions." GEOPHYSICS 77, no. 1 (2012): R57—R63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2010-0402.1.

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Seismic waveform-inversion offers opportunities for detailed characterization of the subsurface. However, its full potential can only be exploited when any systematic source and receiver effects are either carefully avoided or appropriately accounted for during the inversions. Repeated crosshole measurements in the Mont Terri (Switzerland) underground laboratory have revealed that receiver coupling may significantly affect the seismic waveforms. More seriously, coupling conditions may vary during the course of a monitoring experiment. To address this problem, we have developed a novel scheme t
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Xing, Zhen, and Alfredo Mazzotti. "Two-grid full-waveform Rayleigh-wave inversion via a genetic algorithm — Part 2: Application to two actual data sets." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 5 (2019): R815—R825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0800.1.

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We have applied our two-grid genetic-algorithm Rayleigh-wave full-waveform inversion (FWI) to two actual data sets acquired in Luni (Italy) and Grenoble (France), respectively. Because our technique used 2D elastic finite-difference modeling for solving the forward problem, the observed data were 3D to 2D corrected prior to the inversion. To limit the computing time, both inversions focused on predicting low-resolution, smooth models by using quite coarse inversion grids. The wavelets for FWI were estimated directly from the observed data by using the Wiener method. In the Luni case, due to th
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42

Pratt, R. Gerhard, and Richard M. Shipp. "Seismic waveform inversion in the frequency domain, Part 2: Fault delineation in sediments using crosshole data." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 3 (1999): 902–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444598.

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A crosshole experiment was carried out in a layered sedimentary environment in which a normal fault is known to cut through the section. Initial traveltime inversions produced stable but low‐resolution images from which the fault could be only vaguely inferred. To image the fault, wavefield inversion was used to produce a velocity model consistent with the detailed phase and amplitude of the data at a number of frequencies. Our wavefield inversion scheme uses a classical, descent‐type algorithm for decreasing the data misfit by iteratively computing the gradient of this misfit by repeated forw
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Hicks, Graham J., and R. Gerhard Pratt. "Reflection waveform inversion using local descent methods: Estimating attenuation and velocity over a gas‐sand deposit." GEOPHYSICS 66, no. 2 (2001): 598–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444951.

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Prestack seismic reflection data contain amplitudes, traveltimes, and moveout information; waveform inversion of such data has the potential to estimate attenuation levels, reflector depths and geometry, and background velocities. However, when inverting reflection data, strong nonlinearities can cause reflectors to be incorrectly imaged and can prevent background velocities from being updated. To successfully recover background velocities, previous authors have resorted to nonlinear, global search inversion techniques. We propose a two‐step inversion procedure using local descent methods in w
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Wang, Shunguo, Mehrdad Bastani, Steven Constable, Thomas Kalscheuer, and Alireza Malehmir. "Boat-towed radio-magnetotelluric and controlled source audio-magnetotelluric study to resolve fracture zones at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory site, Sweden." Geophysical Journal International 218, no. 2 (2019): 1008–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz162.

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SUMMARY Boat-towed radio-magnetotelluric (RMT) measurements using signals between 14 and 250 kHz have attracted increasing attention in the near-surface applications for shallow water and archipelago areas. A few large-scale underground infrastructure projects, such as the Stockholm bypass in Sweden, are planned to pass underneath such water zones. However, in cases with high water salinity, RMT signals have a penetration depth of a few metres and do not reach the geological structures of interest in the underlying sediments and bedrock. To overcome this problem, controlled source signals at l
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Liao, Qingbo, and George A. McMechan. "Multifrequency viscoacoustic modeling and inversion." GEOPHYSICS 61, no. 5 (1996): 1371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444060.

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Modeling and inversion for seismic wavefields that include the attenuation and phase dispersion effects of Q can be implemented in the space‐frequency domain. The viscoacoustic wave equation is solved by the moment method. Absorbing boundary conditions are implemented by reducing Q and adjusting the complex velocity (to reduce Q‐dependent reflectivity) in a zone around the edges of the model grid. Nonlinear inversion is performed using iterative linearized inversions. The residual wavefield at a single frequency is back projected, using an anticausal Green’s function, along the viscoacoustic w
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Madrigal-Roca, Luis J., and John K. Kelly. "Are you with me? Co-occurrence tests from community ecology can identify positive and negative epistasis between inversions in Mimulus guttatus." PLOS One 20, no. 4 (2025): e0321253. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321253.

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Chromosomal inversions are structural genetic variants that can play a crucial role in adaptive evolution and speciation. Patterns of attraction and repulsion among unlinked inversions — whether they tend to be carried by the same or different individuals— can indicate how selection is acting on these polymorphisms. In this study, we compare analytical techniques using data from 64 inversions that segregate among 1373 F2 plants of the yellow monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus. Mendelian assortment provides a strong null hypothesis for χ2 contingency tests. Here, we show how co-occurrence metrics us
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Contreras, Arturo, Andre Gerhardt, Paul Spaans, and Matthew Docherty. "Characterization of fluvio-deltaic gas reservoirs through AVA deterministic, stochastic, and wave-equation-based seismic inversion: A case study from the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia." Leading Edge 39, no. 2 (2020): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle39020092.1.

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Multiple state-of-the-art inversion methods have been implemented to integrate 3D seismic amplitude data, well logs, geologic information, and spatial variability to produce models of the subsurface. Amplitude variation with angle (AVA) deterministic, stochastic, and wave-equation-based amplitude variation with offset (WEB-AVO) inversion algorithms are used to describe Intra-Triassic Mungaroo gas reservoirs located in the Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. The interpretation of inverted elastic properties in terms of lithology- and fluid-sensitive attributes from AVA deterministic inversion p
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Cloyd, C. Bryan, Lillian F. Mills, and Connie D. Weaver. "Firm Valuation Effects of the Expatriation of U.S. Corporations to Tax-Haven Countries." Journal of the American Taxation Association 25, s-1 (2003): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2003.25.s-1.87.

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U.S. corporations that reorganize in tax-haven countries claim to save many millions of dollars in future U.S. corporate income taxes. However, because these “inversion” transactions may involve significant nontax costs, it is not obvious how they affect share value. We use Monte Carlo sampling to analyze the statistical significance of each inverting firm's abnormal returns around the date that it initially announced its intentions and board of director approval of an inversion transaction. We find that five of the 20 single-company expatriations in our analysis have significant negative anno
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Doetsch, Joseph A., Ilaria Coscia, Stewart Greenhalgh, Niklas Linde, Alan Green, and Thomas Günther. "The borehole-fluid effect in electrical resistivity imaging." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 4 (2010): F107—F114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3467824.

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Fluid that fills boreholes in crosswell electrical resistivity investigations provides the necessary electrical contact between the electrodes and the rock formation but it is also the source of image artifacts in standard inversions that do not account for the effects of the boreholes. The image distortions can be severe for large resistivity contrasts between the rock formation and borehole fluid and for large borehole diameters. We have carried out 3D finite-element modeling using an unstructured-grid approach to quantify the magnitude of borehole effects for different resistivity contrasts
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Paz Pellat, Fernando. "Correcciones atmosféricas relativas de imágenes de satélite: patrones invariantes y modelos atmosféricos." REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 36, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v36i1.228.

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To use information obtained with satellite technology reliably, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the disruptive effects associated with the spectral information captured by sensors on space platforms. In this paper we analyze the inversion of radiative models of the atmosphere, which consists in determining the additive and multiplicative constants in each spectral band to make the necessary atmospheric corrections. The methodology proposes the use of invariant patterns of soil lines and dense vegetation for the inversion of radiative models. The results showed that, without knowledge of
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