Thèses sur le sujet « Efficacité, efficience »
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Fofana, Mady. « Efficience, efficacité, productivité et organisations publiques non marchandes (OPMN) : le service fiscal au Mali ». Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090028.
Texte intégralThe state, called as a "source of abondance" by some economists, has long been the main support of the social progress and the organizator of the common efforts in the majority of the contries : but, in the context of the actual crisis and tourghening of theinternational economic competition, all the analysis tend to show that the stade plays badly its role more and more hard. The sim of this work is to understand in an optic essentielly qualitative and synthetic the notions of efficiency, effectiness, productivity as well as the related notions and their application in the public non-profit organizations. A large scale investigation of the tax service accomplished in a country on the way of developpement, notamment -n mali, it possible to reveal the major options in the matter of public gestion and the anthor formules some general recommendations to the attention of the public powers who intend to make their gestion better with the aim of approaching the productivity to the adequacy to the exigences of public managers and contributors
Helfrich, Vincent. « Efficience et efficacité d’une normalisation de sujets sociopolitiques : le cas de la responsabilité sociétale ». Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/HELFRICH_Vincent_2011.pdf.
Texte intégralThis thesis proposes to discuss efficiency, effectiveness, legitimacy and the limits of expanding the scope of international standardization to sociopolitical issue, namely Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The main case study of the thesis is the draft of ISO 26000 standard on Social Responsibility by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), between 2005 and 2010. This standard aims at building an internationally recognized framework for key issues of CSR (Human rights, environmental protection, labor law, consumer protection, etc. ) to enable organizations to converge to objectives of sustainable development. This thesis is focuses on the process and challenges of this atypical project, as well as the mechanisms of consensus building. The main idea of the thesis is that the standardization of socio-political issues can be efficient in the means, by the very nature of standards. However, this is not sufficient to ensure the effective result of this regulation, due to the specificities of the subject regulated. Indeed, it’s difficult to build a strong consensus among heterogeneous actors, while it’s a necessary condition for the effectiveness of the tool of regulation. In this context, the technical nature of project is more about the consensus building than the elements of the subject
Loua, Seydou. « Efficacité interne de l’enseignement supérieur malien ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20103/document.
Texte intégralThe Malian higher education and notably the University of Bamako is confronted to enormous difficulties since several years. What explains these difficulties and how to make more efficient this higher education in order to heighten the levels and to make he competitive on the plan under regional and international? This question drove us to interest us to the survey of her internal efficiency. The present work is a contribution in search of factors of these difficulties and alternatives to remedy there. He tempts to clear tracks of reflection on the improvement of the conditions of work of the University of Bamako. The Faculty of the Letters, Languages, Arts and human sciences of the University of Bamako has been kept like land of research. After the documentary research for the development of a literature magazine, the preference has been given to an analysis of the exams results of two promotions of the path Sciences of the education of 2001 in the first place to 2009. In the analysis it was question of indicators as the evolution of the strengths, rate of success, abandonment, exclusion, kind, extra feature academic of the students. This analysis that concluded to a weak internal efficiency of the University of Bamako has been followed by other investigations by interviews, observations and questionnaires by a sample of students, teachers and administrators of the university. After an analysis of the data collected at the time of these investigations, we finished by a discussion of the set of the results
Uema, Soraya Noriko. « Etude d'ateliers scientifiques à l'université à destination d'élèves : efficacité, efficience et pertinence d'un dispositif complexe ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0447/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims to better understand how scientific workshops led by researchers at the university try to motivate students from primary school to high school to pursue a university science career. Our major challenge was to analyse the scientific workshops with a didactical goal by taking into account the complexity of interactions between its actors and their expectations. As such, this work is based on a analysis of the workshops, as these are seen as a complex dynamic system. We articulate a qualitative approach consisting in a “complex core of analysis” and a systemic triangulation of the system: the context, the strategies and the production.In this perspective, this thesis reflets on the culture of assessment in education by proposing a modelisation of a “multireferencial assessment” based on three criteria: the efficacy, the relevance and the efficiency. To do that, different levels of analyses are proposed based on questionnaires and interviews of students, mediators and teachers who were engaged in workshopsThe results have especially highlighted the gap between the objectives of the workshops' participants and a those of the institutional presented for these workshops. For the mediators, the teachers and the students, these workshops are primarily meant to enjoy the activities. More, mediators who took part in the study express little interest in showing a positive view of their own academic background and their career, whereas students see, before anything else, researchers’ career as a vocation
Leroy, Yann. « L'effectivité du droit au travers d'un questionnement en droit du travail ». Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN20011.
Texte intégralThe debate on the ineffectiveness of labour law rules is not a recent one. However it has regained much strengh in the last years. The writer aims at explaining and laying a critical approach on this issue in order to reveal the different law conceptions and therefore the kind of effectiveness related to it. A further and deeper thought on the very ‘effectiveness’ notion itself needs to be carried out facing the narrowing views often applied to it. Following a progressive scheme which notably runs through the law theory path, this thesis sets the notion of effectiveness at the core of the problematics of law effects. Carefully distinguishing it from the notion of efficiency, it defines effectiveness as the creation of effects, through the law set of rules, that are matched with the results aimed at. In the end the writer goes back to questioning the assessment of rule effectiveness, especially focused on labour law, regarding it through his renewed definition of this notion. On the one hand, he insists on the process to be followed for such an assessment - with no denial for the upcoming difficulties it raises; on the other hand, on how relevant this new approach to law effectiveness can be as help for any professional lawyer or research worker interested on law
Royer, Guillaume. « L'efficience en droit pénal économique ». Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20013.
Texte intégralMasou, Roula. « Analyse de la performance publique dans le cadre de la réforme budgétaire de l’État : le cas de l’expérience française : la LOLF ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0063.
Texte intégralThis thesis analyzes the criteria of the public performance, by studying the NPM, which has given rise to performance through budgetary reform of the state. Conceptualizations of public performance and the methods to operationalize mobilized in the literature are largely controversial. We recognize that the structural contradictions related to public performance, found repeatedly, are largely inherent in the building itself and how he was apprehended. This is due largely to a lack of a significant theoretical foundation that can provide an appropriate framework of analysis to identify the notion of performance as part of the state budget.This thesis is interested in defining the criteria for public performance in the budgetary reform of the state and its operational modes and privilege the French experience “LOLF” as a field study. It aims to validate the need for the state to concentrate so equi-proportionate shares of the effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness to achieve a balanced budget
Ondoua, Ekobena Jean-Marie. « Le processus budgétaire au Cameroun : aspects juridico-institutionnels et analyse critique des enjeux et défis de la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique ». Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0454.
Texte intégralCameroon has adopted a new state financial regime by law n ° 2007/006 of 26 December 2007, which entered into force on 1 January 2013. This law introduces a new culture in the way public finances are conceived and managed and is part of a movement of fundamental reform of public finances in the world. The budgeting process is significantly improved through the introduction of program budgeting. Thanks to this new system, public decision-makers, politicians or managers stop thinking only in terms of means to turn resolutely towards the pursuit of performance. This work proposes to make a diagnosis of the state budget, from its conception to its elaboration until its execution and its control. It highlights and traces the contributions and impacts of the new public financial governance in a context marked by degraded public finances. It provides a critical analysis of the framework and actors in charge of public budgets, apprehends the stakes and exposes the challenges facing our public finances
Creff-Michel, Emmanuelle. « Coût, efficience et performance technique de la fourniture d'un service public local : évaluation économique comparée des organisations de la collecte sélective des déchets d'emballages ménagers et journaux-magazines en France ». Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G017.
Texte intégralThis research evaluate the public service performances of the packaging material collection in order to investigate improvement factors. First, it relies on the analysis of means of regulation and economic tools set up by public authorities and concerning houseold packaging wastes (pollueur payeur principle and cost transactions internalisation). The evaluation then consists in the analysis of real datas, technical and economical, gathered in the course of a survey conducted to 130 local authorities. The variety of organizational and technical choices as well as the variety of agents concerned, induces the settlement of indicators comparable and applicable to the specificities of concerned authorities. The sample got analysed with non-parametrical statistical methods : ranging tests and data envelopment method
Unterreiner, Frédéric. « Utilisation des facteurs de production et efficacité technique des industries manufacturières indiennes : étude empirique sur la période 1981/82-1992/93 ». Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010054.
Texte intégralMousli, Morad. « L' efficience du système budgétaire comme conséquence du style de management stratégique des directions générales : cas des sociétés cotées françaises ». Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_mousli_m.pdf.
Texte intégralThis research explores the field of cost and analysis planning and more precisely the efficiency of budgetary systems of quoted companies as a consequence of relationship between the strategic management of corporate officers and the scope of cost and analysis controllers. Our issues are the examinations of clarifying variables in the configuration of the budgetary system, and more precisely the management style of the corporate officers, as well as the budget emphasis so as to determine their role concerning the efficiency in the control and the mix of behavioural and structural patterns which can explain the controller's scope. Our research methodology is based on successive re-iterations of scientific observations in the field (a « qualimetric » approach, at the same time based on qualitative, quantitative and financial data) so as to establish a conceptual model explaining the interaction of different variables (style of management, configuration, budget emphasis, scope) and realising a typological analysis of different efficiency forms of the budgetary system
Sandjimbaye, Djekoodom Philippe. « La performance des entreprises au Tchad de 1995 à 2005 ». Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131037.
Texte intégralKhalil, Aurélia. « L'effet dissuasif en droit pénal des mineurs délinquants ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1088.
Texte intégralFirst, the traditional approach of deterrence did not have specificity to minors.It seemed interesting to evaluate if deterrence had an equivalence in criminal law applicable to juvenile delinquents. The idea of a transposition of juvenile deterrence will highlight the difficulties of the evaluation of the dissuasive effect of penalties applicable to minors, and will show that in spite of these difficulties, it is possible to draw the conditions of an effectiveness of the criminal law applicable to the juvenile delinquency. However, it is the effective result produced by deterrence on the criminal answer that will interest us. The matter will be to understand how the legislator, jurisprudence and penal doctrines will adapt the concept of deterrence to juvenile delinquency, transpose it, and to put it in perspective specific to juvenile delinquents. While being detached from concepts of general deterrence and specific deterrence, which constitute the preventive functions of minors criminal law, we will try to examine if the criminal answer to juvenile delinquents is effective and which answer is the most efficient at preventing minors from breaching the law
Guillaume, Annelyse. « Prendre en compte la singularité des acteurs en management, une source d'efficience pour les organisations : cas de recherches-interventions en établissements et services médico-sociaux ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30019/document.
Texte intégralNowadays, companies have to face greater expectations in terms of performance and quality. Their survival depends on their ability to constantly adapt to a changing environment and increase their efficiency in order to remain competitive. With such a change, improvisation and approximation are less welcome and professionalism is the key that will lead to greater effectiveness.To meet the challenge, they can rely on the crucial asset that is their human potential. Most authors agree on the fact that the actors with their skills and creativity are essential to the success of a company. Yet, even though society seems to be getting better at taking people’s needs of individualisation and personal fulfilment into account, very few companies see these needs as an essential lever to their efficiency.To various degrees, companies tend to have complex relationships with their human resources which end up having an impact on their management methods.From then on, our research will focus on defining the most suitable management methods that will help establish an effective cooperation with the individualized actors, and lead to a different and more efficient organization.And doing so, we will look at:- the different systems we find in terms of management interaction;- the importance given to the actors in their individuality in such systems;- the impact that taking the actors’ singularity into account can have on the company’s; efficiency, especially during the transitional phase of the reorganization
Porcher, Simon. « Choix organisationnels, efficience et équité dans les services publics locaux : le cas du service public de l'eau en France ». Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010074.
Texte intégralMané, Papa Yona Boubacar. « Efficience et équité dans le système de santé du Sénégal ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811980.
Texte intégralMasou, Roula. « Analyse de la performance publique dans le cadre de la réforme budgétaire de l'État : le cas de l'expérience française : la LOLF ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788029.
Texte intégralTenand, Marianne. « Équité et efficience dans les politiques de soins de longue durée : contributions empiriques à partir des cas français et néerlandais ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE026/document.
Texte intégralDans les pays de l’OCDE, le vieillissement démographique et la prévalence croissante de maladies chroniques induisent un accroissement marqué des effectifs de personnes âgées dépendantes. Répondre à la préoccupation sociétale concernant l’accompagnement des personnes en incapacité dans un contexte de pression sur les finances publiques constitue un défi majeur pour les politiques publiques. Comment les dispositifs publics visant à financer les soins de longue durée affectent les aides formelles et informelles reçues par les personnes en situation d’incapacité ? La distribution des aides médico-sociales et des restes-à-charge est-elle équitable ? Comment améliorer l’efficience et l’équité des dispositifs publics ? Cette thèse apporte un éclairage sur ces questions en mobilisant les outils conceptuels de la microéconomie et les méthodes de l’économie appliquée. Elle rassemble quatre investigations empiriques menées à partir de données françaises et néerlandaises récentes. Les 3 premiers chapitres traitent du cas français. Le chapitre 1 étudie la distinction faite entre adultes handicapés et personnes âgées dépendantes. Il évalue l’effet de la « barrière des 60 ans » sur les aides formelles et informelles reçues. Les chapitres 2 et 3 se focalisent sur le dispositif-phare destiné aux personnes âgées dépendantes, l’Allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (APA). Le chapitre 2 estime les élasticités prix et revenu de la demande d’aide à domicile des bénéficiaires de l’APA. Le chapitre 3 évalue l’équité dans l’utilisation des aides et des restes-à-charge dans le cadre de l’APA. Le chapitre 4 évalue l’équité horizontale dans l’utilisation de soins de longue durée aux Pays-Bas. Les subventions sur l’aide à domicile induisent des ajustements dans la consommation d’aide via des effets de revenu et de substitution, ce qui a des implications pour l’efficience de ces dispositifs. Des iniquités sont détectées dans les deux pays.In OECD countries, population ageing and the increasing prevalence of some chronic diseases cause a substantial increase in the number of the disabled elderly. Responding to both the societal concern for ensuring appropriate longterm care (LTC) to the disabled and the pressure on public spending is a major challenge for public policies. How do public LTC schemes affect the use of formal and informal care by the disabled? Are there socio-economic disparities in the use of formal care? Is the allocation of LTC services and of the out-of-pocket payments incurred by the disabled elderly equitable? Which features of LTC policies could be changed to make them more efficient and more equitable? My research sheds light on these questions, using conceptual tools from microeconomics and methods in applied economics. It brings together four empirical investigations led in the contexts of France and the Netherlands, which have contrasting LTC systems. I make use of recent administrative and survey microdata. The first three Chapters focus on French policies. Chapter 1 studies the distinction that is made between the handicapped adults and the dependent elderly in access to public LTC support. It assesses the effect of the “age 60 threshold” on the formal and informal care received by individuals with a disability. Chapters 2 and 3 concentrate on the main scheme accessible to the disabled elderly, the Allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (APA). Chapter 2 estimates the income and price elasticities of formal home care demand by APA beneficiaries. Chapter 3 assesses equity in the use and financing of home care within the APA scheme. Chapter 4 lands in the Netherlands and assesses income-related horizontal equity in LTC use. Home care subsidies trigger adjustments in the use of care through both substitution and income effects. This has implications for the efficiency of such policies. Some inequity is detected in both countries
Voropanova, Ekaterina. « Productivité du consommateur dans son magasinage et technologies mobiles ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1G002.
Texte intégralThis PhD dissertation explores consumer shopping productivity under the influence of mobile technology. First, a multidisciplinary review of productivity literature emphasized the polysemy of productivity concept and some specific features of its definition in service industry. A comparative analysis of consumer productivity literature highlights the diversity of approaches to the analysis of consumer productivity and of its measures, and the relevance to revisit this concept in the digital world, taking into account the specific features of mobile technology.To do so, we realized a qualitative study by 31 semi-structured interviews. The verbatim analysis by means of NVivo software resulted in an extended conceptualization of consumer productivity, including temporal efficiency, monetary efficiency, and efficacy. Based on the literature review and the qualitative study results, we proposed a conceptual model of consumer productivity under the influence of mobile technologies, presenting the antecedents of consumer productivity dimensions and their impact on consumer satisfaction.Finally, a sample of 300 individuals was used to test this model in the context of apparel shopping. The data were analyzed by the structural equations modelling partial least squares with Smart PLS software. The results of the quantitative study confirm the positive impact of consumer productivity on satisfaction. The relations between efficacy and temporal efficiency were moderated by the frequency of the use of smartphone in apparel shopping. The results allowed us to identify the antecedents of consumer productivity: polychronic orientation, time consciousness, price consciousness, implication, attitude towards mobile technologies, and the choice of marketing channels in shopping trips. In the light of the results of the two studies, we argue for the relevance of consumer productivity management approach for retailers exploiting the vast opportunities offered by mobile technologies
Rossat, Arnaud. « Politique de prévention des chutes chez les plus de 65 ans : ciblage de la population, efficacité et efficience des interventions et contribution spécifique des Centres d'Examen de Santé de l'Assurance Maladie (C.E.S.) ». Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709578.
Texte intégralRossat, Arnaud. « Politique de prévention des chutes chez les plus de 65 ans : ciblage de la population, efficacité et efficience des interventions et contribution spécifique des Centres d’Examen de Santé de l’Assurance Maladie (C.E.S.) ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10218/document.
Texte intégralThe prevention of falls amongst the elderly population is a major public health concern. Since the elderly live longer and longer, it is crucial to think of efficient measures in order to prevent such falls. Falls amongst the elderly can have dramatic consequences such as a decrease in quality of life, a loss of autonomy as will cause financial difficulty due to high cost of rehabilitation. However, depending upon the complexity of the fall and its multiple determinants, diagnosing and evaluating the risk of a fall remains complicated, particularly amongst those in "good health". While multi interventional programs may exist such as equilibrium coordination and muscular reinforcement, these programs are rarely proved to be efficient in fall prevention. An adapted and efficient method of prevention must be centered on quality and satisfaction of the patient in the offered care. Such method would imply replacement of an older organization with a system defined in a network activity. However, this method would go hand in hand with the modifications in professional practices and identities. In this thesis I will examine the success rate to implement a structured method of health care prevention against falls. To achieve this prevention, we must first present the necessary conditions and tools which will homogenize and standardize these success rates. Next, I will analyze the characteristics of current methods to prevent falls in order to modernize and rationalize the process. In order to be successful, this process needs to be targeted towards a network strategy
Boutrin, Louis. « Droit de l’aménagement du territoire et statuts constitutionnels des Outre-Mers français : Contribution à la recherche d’une efficience optimale ». Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0593.
Texte intégralIntegral part of the French Republic, communities overseas range from corporate identity with the city and looking for some form of self-identity . This feature is its translation into the various constitutional reforms since their inscription in the constitutions of 1946 and 1958. With the constitutional revision of 28 March 2003 on the decentralized organization of the Republic, a new institutional opens for these overseas communities. The referendums on the status of Martinique held December 7, 2003 , then on 10 and 24 January 2010 were part of this logic is in this context of establishing a unique community with a meeting only appropriate to address land issues. Such an approach requires an analysis of key texts relating to planning and legislative developments in this area. It is important to note the willingness constantly expressed by local elected officials to exercise more responsibility especially with regard to land use policies. However, at this level, the role of the state remains as dominant and , despite the decentralization laws. Hence the need for further study of the relationship between local authorities and the state. The comparative approach to legal status of Martinique , Guadeloupe , Guyana, Saint- Martin, French Polynesia , is therefore needed as an essential step in such an analysis
Dieng, Abou Moussa. « Les performances scolaires en Afrique australe et orientale : disparités régionales et facteurs déterminants ». Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2002/document.
Texte intégralThe objective of this work is to analyze the determinants of inequalities in the school performance of 56 392 pupils at the end of primary school in 2 603 schools located in 647 districts in 12 countries of Eastern and Southern Africa (Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swa-ziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe) based on the third 2007 Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ III) survey. The work is struc-tured around three chapters. The first chapter studies the influence of individual characteristics of the student and the school on school performance, as well as the important role of regional characteristics. In the second chapter, we seek to analyze how the inspection of schools and their accessibility by students a˙ect the eÿciency of schools. The last chapter proposes to study the socio-economic factors and schooling conditions a˙ecting performance and inequalities in access between girls and boys, taking into account their socio-economic backgrounds. To do this, we used di˙erent econometric approaches, namely a multilevel model in the first chapter, a non-parametric frontier model in chapter two, and a spatial econometric model in chapter three. The results show that the achievements of pupils, the eÿciency of institutions and inequality in access to school between girls and boys are highly heterogeneous in Southern and Eastern Africa. The results also indicate that the students who registered relatively high scores are located in rich urban areas with access to the means of transportation. Moroever, deep inequalities in schooling exist due to deficiency of transportation, road infrastructure, educational and health conditions particularly in districts located in rural areas and in poor neighborhoods in large cities. We also show that the variables a˙ecting school inspection missions, the use of the teaching langage at home and security of the school environment play an important role in student success
Bertrand, Valérie. « De la perception à l’acceptation de la performance en secteur médico-social : apports et influences des représentations sociales : le cas des EHPAD privés à but lucratif ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0487.
Texte intégralBased on the issue of stakeholder acceptance of performance prescribing by the governance of the EHPAD sector and the literature associated with the field of the medico-social sector of RS theory allowed us to collect elements of understanding in a direct or indirect way: the evolution of the context of the EHPAD ecosystem, the dynamic process of social representations of the Performance object and the adaptation of the job of director within that environment
Blavet, Thomas. « Frontière de coût stochastique et performance des hôpitaux Québécois ». Thesis, Lille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUA004.
Texte intégralThis thesis explore the performance of Quebec hospitals by using a cost approach. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter presents a theoretical model to decompose the inefficiency of production units into technical and allocative inefficiency. The second chapter describes the database on Quebec hospitals for the period 1981 to 2009 by presenting the production factors and the health services provided by the hospitals. The third chapter develops an estimation method that take into account decision unit heterogeneity and propose an original decomposition of the inefficiency in a panel data framework. The estimation method is based on three estimation steps. The first step is to estimate the system of conditional factor demand by the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to take into account endogeneity. The second step allows to estimate the technical inefficiency varying over time by adapting the methodology developed by Cornwell et al. (1990) for use with a system of equations. The third step estimates the observed and unobserved heterogeneity as well as the allocative inefficiency with unbalanced panels. Finally, the last chapter presents an empirical application to Quebec hospitals for the period 1981 to 2009. The results give prescription on the management of resources at the hospital level in order to improve hospital efficiency
Ghachem-Cherif, Nejla. « Ressource en eau et identité territoriale : vers quel modèle de l'entreprenariat rural ? Cas de la zone de Diarr Hojjej (Gouvernorat de Nabeul, Tunisie) ». Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30093/document.
Texte intégralIn rural areas, water management induces changes in technologies and in agricultural practices that face farmers. Farmers’ behaviors include both a desire for innovation and a land attachment through local customs, practices and representations. This identity attachment has often been regarded as an obstacle to the introduction of new techniques rather than an opportunity to be seized. This work, based on the case of Diar Hojjej (a coastal area of Cap Bon, Tunisia) aims to understand how rural entrepreneurship can be an engine to convey a strong environmental constraint area (water irrigation) to sustainable agricultural development, while taking into account the territory’s identity. The territory’s identity would it only be an obstacle to rural entrepreneurship? And what would be the most relevant model of entrepreneurship? [etc.]
Kitiyi, Kapou Brice Paterne. « Le changement organisationnel des collectivités locales ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12002/document.
Texte intégralToday, the initiatives of change which are impulsed in local authorities, show generally high ambitions: processing of the behavior, the evolution of the corporate culture, the introduction of a new spirit of responsability and efficiency in the work etc. Through these various actions, it is a question of favoring a transformation of the territorial executies, the bureaucratic administrators in managers of the local business. The object of the research which will be presented is to make a contribution on second thought led on the ways of an in - depth processing of the public organizations, through evolutions of the management position
Youssef, Marlène. « Ecole catholique primaire en quête de navigation professionnelle : entre le pilotage des compétences et le renforcement stratégique de la qualité rénover le système de gestion et de mesure des performances ». Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00623177.
Texte intégralHadji, Brahim. « Utilisation et réutilisation des données d'un système d'information clinique : application aux données de pilotage à l'hôpital européen Georges Pompidou ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066039/document.
Texte intégralThe information and communication technologies (ICT) have been developed in all economic sectors. In the healthcare field, and particularly in hospitals with the introduction of clinical information systems (CIS), investments have dramatically increased. The rationale for these investments is the improvement of both the hospital efficiency and the quality of the care delivered to patients after the deployment of a fully integrated CIS. In the aim to validate these relationships adapted methodologies, need to be designed and implemented. This thesis concentrates on the CIS maturity and hospital efficiency relationship. Material for testing the hypothesis come from several CIS evaluations performed at HEGP and data extracted from the decision analytics tools of Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP). After a study of the literature on the use and satisfaction evaluation of a CIS, the first part of the thesis is organized around two main studies. A 14 years longitudinal study achieved between 2004 and 2014 analyzes the evolution of use and satisfaction and their determinants within a multi professional group of users using multiple regression techniques and structural equation methods. In early post-adoption (4 years), the CIS use, the CIS quality, and the CIS perceived usefulness (PU) explain 53% of the variance in user satisfaction. In the very late post-adoption phase (> 10 years), the effect of use on user satisfaction is no more significant. In contrast, the CIS quality, the confirmation of expectations, and the PU are the best determinants of satisfaction explaining 86% of its variance. In a second study focused on continuance intention, satisfaction and PU appear to be the best determinants of continuance intention, with a strong indirect influence of the CIS quality. A unified model is proposed and compared to the main models of the literature. The measurement of hospital efficiency was achieved with an econometric approach. Selection of indicators entered in the econometric model was performed on the basis of a systematic literature review. Three categories of input indicators and three categories of output indicators are considered. The relationship between the input and output indicators are analyzed through a Stochastic Frontier Analysis model. An overall decrease of the efficiency of the 20 short-stay hospitals of the AP-HP for the 2009-2014 period is observed and its possible causes are discussed. The development and validation of CIS use-satisfaction evaluation model combined with the analysis of the hospital efficiency evolution over time could be the first phase of a more global evaluation of the complex influence of IT introduction on hospital efficiency and the quality of care delivered to patients
Ayed, Amine. « Les marchés électroniques : structures, concurrence et conditions d’efficience : une application à la distribution des livres sur Internet ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12009/document.
Texte intégralPrice levels and price dispersion on the Internet have attracted a lot of economic and managerial research. Contrary to initial predictions that the Internet would lead to the emergence of frictionless economy, empirical research shows price dispersion persist in electronic market. There have been a few studies comparing prices levels at online and offline retailers, but not much is known about how prices compare among two types of retailers, pure play and bricks-and-clicks retailers. We address this important issue in this thesis through an empirical analysis of price levels, price dispersion and menu cost in the book industry among the two types of retailers in electronic market. This thesis responds to this need by exploring how the Internet reduces the market friction common in physical commerce. Our objective is to address the question of online price and dispersion empirically and theoretically. We seek to determine whether the pricing policies of these two types of online retailers differ, possibly because of the different competitive environments in which each operates.Using data collected an 6 month period, we investigate our hypotheses using a data set of book prices for 70 titles sold by 6 retailers in electronic market. One common prediction is that the reduction in search costs on the Internet relative to the traditional market would cause both price and price dispersion to fall. We present evidence for the persistence of price dispersion in electronic market books. We show that prices do not converge to the “law of one price”. Price changes by both types of retailers do not change their price frequently despite the claim that menu cost might be negligible in electronic market. Our findings suggest the online markets are still inefficient and online price strategy is complex, offering opportunities for different types of retailers in electronic market to differentiate themselves from another
Mil, Rémy de. « Efficience de programmes de santé publique visant à réduire les inégalités de participation au dépistage organisé des cancers ». Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC415/document.
Texte intégralBackground. Increasing participation in organized cancers screening and reducing social and geographical inequalities in participation represent a major public health issue. Objectives. To determine the costeffectiveness of 2 interventions aiming at increasing participation and reducing inequalities in organized cancer screening in France Methods. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis from the payer's perspective: 1) of an invitation to a mobile mammography unit (MM) unit for breast cancer screening from retrospective data (n = 37461), 2) of a patient navigation program (PN) for colorectal cancer screening from a randomized controlled trial (n = 16250). Results. The incremental cost per additional screen compared with usual screening was: 1) € 611 [492-821] for the invitation to the MM (+ 3.8% [2.8-4.8], + € 23.21 [22.64-23.78] ), and 2) of € 1 212 [872-1 978] for PN (+ 3.3% [1.5-5.0], + 39.70 €). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness were greater in deprived areas and in remote areas for MM, whereas they were less favorable in deprived areas for PN. Conclusion. MM and PN can reduce inequalities while being more efficient in remote areas and in deprived areas for MM, while, to achieve this, PN should target deprived people, even if being not the most efficient strategy. Research needs to be pursued to determine the optimal conditions for MM integration in organized breast cancer screening, and to improve the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PN, which can not be recommended as experimented for now
Kramer, Chelsea. « Le rôle de la coordination d'équipe adaptative pendant la réanimation cardio-pulmonaire = : The Role of Adaptive Team Coordination during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36613.
Texte intégralIn-hospital cardiac arrest affects over 200,000 patients in North America each year, but less than 25% of patients survive to hospital discharge. When a patient’s arrhythmic heart is unable to effectively circulate blood, a team of rescuers provide lifesaving interventions according to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) rescue algorithms. Since the inception of the American Heart Association (AHA) CPR guidelines over 30 years ago, research pursuits to improve survival rates have primarily focused on the technical tasks such as CPR technique. Over the past decade, there has been increased focus on team performance related to treatment delays and CPR quality, touting ineffective coordination and teamwork as some of the largest obstacles to successful team resuscitation. The objective of this work was to validate a proposed framework outlining the relationship among explicit and implicit coordination mechanisms required for successful CPR performance: minimal interruptions (hands-off ratio), rapid initiation of chest compressions and defibrillation. The framework was tested in two independent studies of simulated adult and pediatric resuscitation of in-hospital cardiac arrest. The results showed that while team performance improved over time, the main Explicit and Implicit coordination type patterns were stable. Instead, small shifts occurred within the Information and Action coordination sub-types. Explicit coordination was dominant throughout all resuscitation scenarios, but only Implicit coordination was associated with better hands-off ratio performance. In both studies, higher performing teams coordinated differently than lower performing teams and there was a significant relationship between the patterns of coordination mechanisms and CPR performance. The combined results are used to refine a proposed coordination framework for acute resuscitation care and propose practical implications for CPR training and methodological contribution for future research.
Rodriguez, Michel. « Le service public et la loi organique relative aux lois de finances du 1er août 2001 ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32101.
Texte intégralIn the spirit and the letter of articles 14 and 15 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 26 August 1789, the Constitutional Bylaw n°2001-692 of 1 August 2001 on Budget Acts (hereafter Lolf) dramatically modified the State's new budgetary and accounting structure. However, the scope of the Lolf cannot only be restricted to the vote of budget acts. Indeed, in only a few years, the Lolf enabled modernization of the French administrative setup. Traditional values of public services are henceforth supplemented by emergent values : quality and performance. Searching for the general interest and meeting the expectations of the « citizen-user- taxpayer » triptych are now closely linked. Each budget act is indeed supplemented by an annual performance plan, which determines the purposes of public services, expressed through socio-economic goals of quality, but also, efficiencyTherefore, public funds management must be subjected to first Euro justification and focus on the required results. The Lolf supported decompartmentalisation of all public management actors. A new public financial governance, sometimes qualified as a new social contract, is gradually taking shape, involving together local authorities, State operators, all public services management, but also public benefits recipients. Faced with the new challenges of the 21st century, the French public service has demonstrated its ability to be modernized, as well as creating wealth for the Nation, while preserving its values. Faced with European and international public governance which remains to be built, hasn't the French public service become reference model ?
Gagnepain, Philippe. « Efficacite, incitations et reglementation / econometrie des contrats de transports urbains ». Toulouse 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU10041.
Texte intégralThe aim of this thesis is to show how the global inefficiencies attached to a production process as well as the associated consumers' welfare depend on the regulatory environment that interfere on the actions of a producer regulated by an authority. It proposes a micro- econometric framework with an application to the industry of the french urban transport. The contractual relationships between an authority and an operator in a context of asymmetric information are considered. A first part provides a measure of the effects of the current regulatory mechanisms on the industry's operating costs. It suggests that the effort of productivity is lower since the observed mechanism is low powered in term of cost reducing activities. A second part presents the tools of the literature which are necessary to construct the structural operating cost function that integrates the unobservable parameters denoting technical inefficiency and productivity effort. The new theory of regulation and the econometrics of frontiers serve as a background of the model. The new theory of regulation provides the theoretical guidelines to treat inefficiencies generally considered by econometricians in a proper way. In a last part, an original procedure is developed in order to construct the operating cost function of the industry. The empirical approach considers simultaneously the estimation of the cost function and a transport demand function. The estimations of operators' inefficiencies, demand elasticities and costs of public funds associated with the different urban areas enable us to work out the first best regulatory mechanisms that achieve the maximum social welfare attainable. Such a maximal social welfare is not allowed by current mechanisms. The welfare level associated with the implementation of first best mechanisms is calculated and compared to the current welfare level and to the level associated with the implementation of second best regulatory mechanisms generally proposed by a regulator facing informational asymmetries. The evaluations of the different welfare levels shed light on significant discrepancies between the three situations
Smati, Cherif Besma. « Gouvernance et performance des services publics : cas des entreprises de remontées mécaniques ». Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0018.
Texte intégralPublic-Private Partnership is a tool for modernization and renewal of public intervention, its main goal is to achieve very high levels of performance. This doctoral work is therefore in the context of public management that focuses on studying the impact of public-private modes of governance on the technical efficiency of ski lifts. To answer our questions, an empirical study was conducted among 68 ski lift companies over five years (2006-2010). These data have been processed using a quantitative confirmatory study using a statistical model. To test the validity of the two models proposed by the literature, a quantitative research has been conducted. The first stochastic frontier model consists of three variables (capital productivity, labor productivity and power momentum), and three control variables (size, altitude and staff) and a dependent variable (the skier day). The second model of technical inefficiency consists of two explanatory variables (“time and materials » and SEM) and an explanatory variable (technical inefficiency). The results of this research outline, among other things, the importance of modes of governance (“time and materials » or SEM) in the process of increasing the technical efficiency of ski lifts. The second empirical study (2011-2013) which approaches the competitiveness of the French winter sports resorts by the measure of the productivity of the operators of ski lifts. By means of the indication of productivity of Malmquist and its two constituents, we look to arrest the changes of productivity then, this productivity is decomposed into two elements. Then, the relation between size and variation Technical efficiency is verified
Rios, Mélissa. « L'influence de la structure de propriété sur les outils de contrôle de la performance : Cas du secteur hôtellerie de plein air ». Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10055/document.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this doctoral work is two-fold : update the tools for monitoring the performance used in the field of outdoor hospitality and explain their diversity by highlighting the key determinants of adoption of these tools. From an exploratory study of seven companies in this industry, we were able to strengthen and highlight a set of determinants completing our literature review. This led us to propose a model for measuring performance control practices gathered on 107 CEO of outdoor hospitality. Its statistical validity and reliability are confirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Model assumptions tested by parametric and non- parametric test reveal two types of tools for monitoring the performance in the sector. Seven internal and external determining factors explain the use of these tools. They anable us to develop two models to explain the performance control practices in outdoor hospitality : one based on the contingency theory, the other on the neo- institutional theory. The findings indicate that the profession range from efficiency research (fit) and legitimacy with some shading depending on the ownership structure
Zins, Alexandra. « Essays on banking in Africa ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB005/document.
Texte intégralThis dissertation studies African financial systems with a focus on bank ownership. Chapter one studies cost efficiency. Foreign banks are more efficient than domestic banks, and Pan-African banks are the most efficient banks on the continent. Chapter two analyses lending procyclicality. Lending growth of African banks is sensitive to the GDP per capita growth. Pan-African banks have a less pro-cyclical lending behaviour. Lending growth of African foreign banks is sensitive to GDP per capita growth in their home country. Chapter three and four study financial inclusion. Being male, wealthier, more educated and older to a certain extent increases the likelihood to be financially included. Pan-African banks presence increases firms’ access to credit. Pan-African banks would also increase households’ financial inclusion, but such result is less robust.The general conclusion of this dissertation underlines the new, beneficial role Pan-African banks play on the continent. These young financial institutions increase cost efficiency, reduce cyclicality of lending and improve financial inclusion
Braci, Antoine. « La bonne foi dans le contrat : une réflexion via le prisme du droit anglais ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED068.
Texte intégralThis PhD thesis, which is based upon confidential business documents, is an analysis of good faith in contract from a comparative perspective (French law and English law). The author defines good faith as a “reliability” device that ensures trust to protect against contractual risks. While the first part of this thesis deals with the proposed definition of good faith, the second part applies this definition to a variety of risks
Sow, Abdramane. « La contribution de l'éducation à la croissance économique du Sénégal ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880199.
Texte intégralGomes, Filippo Luciano. « La performance en droit fiscal : un nouveau paradigme (perspectives comparées) ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020032.
Texte intégralThe economic reality lived today primarily by European countries, along with a natural concern, brings a new horizon of thoughts, a breath of new ideas. The practice has already shown that cutting public spending is not the most reliable output to the Government debt crisis. What is intended to demonstrate with this thesis is that the investment in tax collection performance can be a powerful prophylaxis. Instead of reducing spending accomplished with the most diverse public services, the best policy to be adopted is the development of tax administration performance. In the text, we describe as performer the Administration which manages to raise the resources needed to perform its functions, the State with the least expenses for the minor nuisance caused possible for taxpayers, in which their interests and satisfactions to be preserved as much as possible. This is a general definition that is not restricted to a particular land-use analysis. Our goal is to build a universal notion applicable anywhere. Similarly, we seek to identify a general meanswhich promotes the objective of making the effective tax administration. There is no doubt that this goal can only be achieved if the work of the Administration becomes more practical. The "principle of practicality" helps exactly in the reduction of multiple tasks. This is complemented through the privatization of some activities related to tax collection. In addition to reducing the work of tax authorities, we understand that it is necessary to invest in control measures and reduction of disputes, which in addition to degrade the sensitive relationship between administration and taxpayers, slows the receipt of taxes, causing a negative impact on the level of revenues. This goal can be achieved, mainly through the development of consent to tax and the adoption of alternative means of dispute resolution
Salin, Karine. « Relations entre efficacité mitochondriale, balance oxydative et croissance des amphibiens ». Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10219.
Texte intégralThe concept of trade-off is central to our understanding of life history evolution but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understand. Traditional physiological studies of life history trade-offs focused mainly on the differential allocation of limited resources. During the last decade, numerous studies on functional causes of life history trade-off have shown that oxidative stress was related to different components of animal performances. Here, we propose that the functioning of mitochondria, which is the main site of both energy (adenosine triphosphate, ATP) production and of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, could be the link between the resource allocation and oxidative stress processes. From descriptive and experimental approaches, we investigate the relationship between energy flow, oxidative stress and growth in a amphibian anuran model, the common frog Rana temporaria. All studies presented in this thesis aim to consider the overall oxidative balance (pro-oxidants, anti-oxidants and oxidative damages) and the energy flow accounting for mitochondrial efficiency of the energy transduction system (the ATP/O ratio variation) to better understand growth patterns in a ectotherm that influence both survival and reproductive capacities. Chronic exposure to an uncoupler (2,4-dinitrophenol) during tadpole development induced a lower growth rate associated with a decreased mitochondria efficiency of energy transduction and an improved oxidative status (lower ROS production and low oxidative damage despite low antioxidant defenses). In addition, the description of physiological parameters of wild frogs exhibiting dissimilar body size shows a higher energy efficiency transduction in frogs exhibiting high growth rate. Thus, the results on the oxidative balance of frogs show that understanding the relationship between the variables of the oxidative balance involves replacing their physiological role. Altogether, our results suggest that (i) the study of a single oxidative balance setting alone does not allow to conclude on other parameters and on the impact of oxidative stress on the organism; (ii) understanding the mitochondrial efficiency of energy transduction is a factor affecting the flow of energy and could drive the amount of energy available for the animal growth. This thesis demonstrates the need to study the underlying mechanisms of trade-offs in merging the resource allocation and oxidative balance approaches, and open the way for more integrative studies
Jenayah, Alia. « Le contrôle de l'exécution des marchés publics en droit tunisien ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D017.
Texte intégralUnlike private law contracts whose implementation system is mainly the responsibility of both parties, the implementation of public procurement contracts is subject to several controls that have proliferated in Tunisia along the evolution of public policies. Following a systemic approach, three different and yet interdependent levels of control can be distinguished: the control exercised by the contracting parties; the control exercised by authorities, which are in a certain extent dependent of the administration; and the, critical one, the control exercised by courts. The study of the interactions between these actors in a context characterized by the adoption of a new liberal Constitution and a new Code of Public Procurements, would make it possible to shed light on the tensions that continue to affect the general equilibrium of the system. The research concluded that, despite the changing context, the control system remains essentially focused on protecting the public interest.The research also concluded that the uncertainty surrounding the validity of the old regime's control norms and the deficiencies of the legal remedies' system remains and does not allow the monitoring authorities to maintain the balance between the public interest and the interests of economic operators contracting with the administration
Smida, Rafik. « TIC et environnement : optimisation et efficacité énergétique. (Cas de la Tunisie) ». Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0037.
Texte intégralThe relationship between ICT, environment and energy efficiency causes a lot of controversies. Theseconcepts are rarely associated, especially for smaller emerging economies. Yet each has a significant impacton the other. The negative effects of ICT on the environment are various, in the same way, use and diffusionof ICT can also benefit the environment. This PhD thesis put forward further study impacts of ICT on energyconsumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, at the macro level for the case of Tunisia. The generalcontext of this thesis focuses on the relationship between the environment and the innovation theory, whilethe specific context focuses specifically on the energy consumption of ICT. Our approach is inserted underthe theory of innovation and economic basis for the use of new technologies, specifically at the intersectionof industrial economics and environmental economics. Our research focused on three main aspects:theoretical, empirical and descriptive. Firstly, this study handled the theory of environmental innovationsand its relationship with general purpose technology and ICT especially. Secondly, this thesis has allowed usto develop a detailed descriptive analyses based on the data and statistics from the World Bank, and otherinstitutions. Thirdly, a set of statistical tests and rigorous econometric models were applied to determine thelink between ICT investment and energy efficiency in Tunisia
Stefanoiu, Ana. « Vers l'évaluation de la performance des bâtiments à haute efficacité énergétique ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAA007/document.
Texte intégralIn France, the building sector is the main energy consumer. Moreover single-family houses represent about 60% of annual dwelling construction. The construction of energy efficient buildings represents a big step into energy saving. However, even though various efforts are made within this field, there is still a lack of methodologies about how to evaluate the energy performance of these buildings. The performance evaluation of an energy efficient building should allow understanding factors that contribute to its energy performance and as well as identifying the causes of overconsumption, poor indoor conditions.This thesis seeks to contribute to this field, by proposing an approach towards evaluating the energy performance of a house. This is done by comparing the real performance and the expected performance, using monitoring and building performance simulation, from design to operational phases. The energy performance evaluation approach is carried out on different cases of studies, mainly on a single-family house, situated in a Mediterranean climate.First, in the design phase, we use building performance simulation models to study the dispersions in energy use related to occupant’s behavior. The goal is to analyze the influence of the occupancy scenario on the behavior of the building and to establish a range of values for energy demand, based on national statistics. This step study the building’s behavior based on different types of occupancy scenarios, appliances and lighting use and temperature set point.Then, the focus is on the global evaluation of the envelope’s performance. Within the present thesis an innovative in-situ dynamic test is developed to assess the real envelope’s performance. This test is adapted to occupied houses (as it only takes 2 days) while controlling the infiltration air flow. The comparison between theoretical results of steady state calculation and experimental results show a good precision of less than 10%.Finally, continuous monitoring of energy efficient houses is studied. First, a work is done to reduce the number of sensors required for monitoring, while minimizing the loss of information. Then, an instrumentation methodology is developed and applied to a single-family house. The follow-up of this house could be studied during the first six months of monitoring and allowed to explain the behavior of the building and its consumption with regard to its use and to make the link with the previsions made during the design phase
Bougna, Tchofo Emmanuel. « Analyse et modélisation de l'impact de la libéralisation sur les performances ferroviaires ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2032/document.
Texte intégralAfter having accompanied the industrial revolution in the 19th century, rail transport difficultly adapt to the challenges launched by the road since a hundred years. Nowadays, European rail transport suffers from competition from the road, both for travellers and cargo. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the role of the railways in the goods and passengers transport has been declining. In the countries of the European Union, it now does ensure only 6% of passenger transport and 16% of goods transport. The European rail transport renewal is also marked by the development of the high-speed train. Total passenger "high speed" traffic is 15 billion passenger-km in 1990 against 111 billion passenger-km in 2014, that is an overall growth of 740%. The share of total passenger "high speed" traffic has increased from 4% in 1990 to 25% in 2014.The obvious observation is that, since the beginning of the 1990s, the railways have lost market share and therefore required growing subsidies.The need to improve this situation led to imagine a wide range of possibilities for action by national and European public authorities. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the European Commission is engaged in a vast reform aiming at the construction of an integrated railway area.In a context of European rail slump, we want to appreciate the performance of the railways in order to identify the main factors that will avoid the decline. We start from the idea that railways must be efficient in terms of production and commercialization of services.Each of the four chapters of this thesis uses various methods to contribute to the growing field of the rail transport.The first chapter uses the partial measures of productivity indicators to evaluate the performance of a panel of four European railway companies, the DB in Germany, SNCF in France, the RENFE in Spain and FS in Italy, observed between 1990 and 2012. Our aim here is twofold, to take stock of the current situation and reveal the path of major European rail companies on a period starting a little before the railway reforms initiated by the European Commission. These indicators help us to evaluate four areas of performance: productive performance, business performance, economic performance and financial performance. It is for us the opportunity to evaluate the efficiency of the directive 91-440 of 29 July 1991 relating to the development of Community railways, directive that recommends to promote the independence of management of railway companies, as well as their financial clean-up, especially their deleveraging. The second chapter shows the theoretical framework of technical efficiency, by a review of the theoretical foundations and by presenting the methodology of the borders. To complete this analysis, we propose a review of non-exhaustive literature of empirical studies on the evaluation of the performance of the railways. The third chapter suggests empirical contributions to the measurement of the performance of the railways. It is for us the opportunity to evaluate, compare and explain the differences in performance of some countries of the European union. Four performance indicators have caught our attention: productive efficiency, trade efficiency, technical efficiency and the variation of the total factor productivity. To this end, we simultaneously estimated three parametric and stochastic borders, namely, a production-oriented input border, a border of consumption and a border of technical efficiency-oriented input
Jebabli, Ikram. « Essays on the transmission of shocks between financial, energy and food markets : transmission channels, measurement, effets and management ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://theses.bu.uca.fr/nondiff/2017CLFAD007_JEBABLI.pdf.
Texte intégralThe aim of this three essays thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of the transmission of shocks from energy and financial markets to food market commodities. The first essay investigates the efficiency of food market. The second essay studies returns and volatilities transmission between the three markets. Extreme dependence between these markets is analyzed in the third essay. Our main results underline the impact of the 2007-2008 financial crisis in the intensification of returns and volatilities spillovers between these markets as well as tail dependencies (namely tail dependencies). They allow also underlining hedge effectiveness by the construction of diversified portfolios including food commodities
Amokrane, Ahmed. « Green et efficacité en énergie dans les réseaux d'accès et les infrastructures cloud ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066642/document.
Texte intégralOver the last decade, there has been an increasing use of personal wireless devices, such as laptops, smartphones and tablets. The widespread availability of wireless access created an environment in which anywhere at anytime users access data and services hosted in cloud infrastructures. However, such wireless cloud network consumes a non-negligible amount of energy and generates a considerable amount of carbon, which is becoming a major concern in IT industry. In this context, we address the problem of reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint, as well as building green infrastructures in the two different parts of the wireless cloud: (i) wireless access networks including wireless mesh and campus networks, and (ii) data centers in a cloud infrastructure. In the first part of the thesis, we present an energy-efficient framework for joint routing and link scheduling in multihop TDMA-based wireless networks. At a later stage, we extended this framework to cover campus networks using the emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. In the second part of this thesis, we address the problem of reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint of cloud infrastructures. Specifically, we propose optimization approaches for reducing the energy costs and carbon emissions of a cloud provider owning distributed infrastructures of data centers with variable electricity prices and carbon emissions in two different setups: the case of a cloud provider trying to reduce its carbon emissions and operational costs as well as the case where green constraints are specified by the cloud consumers in the form of Green SLAs
Lamy, Catherine. « Communications à grande efficacité spectrale sur le canal à évanouissements ». Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001484.
Texte intégralJury, Fabrice. « L'efficacité du service public dans l'Union Européenne ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3067.
Texte intégralEuropean law, mainly economic, submit public services of European members to efficiency logical with submission to themselves to liberalization. This free-market policy, in theory unconcerned by public services, now affect these services of general interest. This libearal dynamic set the aim of satisfaying customers who have a updated role in European Union. For quality of public service, European institutions require to States, as well, a cost optimization for an efficient administration of their public services. This goal involve to use more frequently evaluation process and to modify public services philosophy for a legitimization, including juridical legitimization, in States law
Roulleau, Pasdeloup Jordan. « On the efficiency of public policies in a deep recession ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010073.
Texte intégralIn this thesis I evaluate the efficiency of public policies in deep recessions. In the first chapter, I look at the impact of government spending in expansions andrecessionswithamodelthatfeaturesafrictionallabormarket. I show that suchfrictionsarenecessarytoreproducetheasymmetriceffectsofgovernment spending over the cycle observed in the data. The model predicts that higher government spending is useful in boosting output in a liquidity trap not because it generates a lot of inflation, but because it is easier to recruit people in a deep recession. The second chapter looks at the policies implemented by H.Hoover in the beginning of the Great Depression (1929-1941). By dampening the contractionary effects of deflation, the policies of high wages carried out by Hoover mitigated the impact of a large negative aggregate demand shock and reduced the likelihood of undergoing a liquidity trap episode. The third chapter studies the impact of government spending policies on private productioninandoutofaliquiditytrap. Incontrastwiththeliterature,partof governmentspendingisassumedtoenterastockofpubliccapitalwhichitself appears in the production function of the private sector. The multiplier effects of government spending are shown to be higher in normal times. In a liquidity trap, the multiplier effects of investing in public capital are an increasing function of the time to build delay and can be significantly higher than the ones coming from standard wasteful government spending. The fourth and last chapter extends this framework to an open economy. It is shown that the presenceofproductivegovernmentspendingcanreproducetheeffectsofgovernment spending on the real exchange rate