Articles de revues : « Efficacité, efficience »

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Azorin, Jean-Michel, Jean Naudin et Arthur Kaladjian. « Efficacité et efficience des psychotropes ». L'Évolution Psychiatrique 67, n^o 1 (janvier 2002) : 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-3855(02)00108-1.

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Bougerol, T. « Efficacité, efficience au long cours ». L'Encéphale 33 (décembre 2007) : 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7006(07)78667-0.

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Rinchuse, Daniel J., et Mauro Cozzani. « Efficacité et efficience cliniques au cabinet orthodontique ». International Orthodontics 13, n^o 4 (décembre 2015) : 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ortho.2015.09.018.

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Lamarque, Danièle. « Efficience, efficacité et transparence de la solidarité financière ». Gestion & ; Finances Publiques, n^o 4 (juillet 2017) : 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/gfp.2017.00076.

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Joly-Guillou, Marie-Laure. « Efficacité ou efficience d’un laboratoire : contradictions ou équilibre ». Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2018, n^o 502 (mai 2018) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(18)30126-6.

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MAKOSSO, Béthuel. « Efficacité et efficience statique et dynamique dans la régulation des télécommunications ». L'Actualité économique 92, n^o 4 (12 juillet 2017) : 733–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040504ar.

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Cet article se propose de faire un réexamen des facteurs d’inefficacité de la régulation des télécommunications en mettant en avant le rôle de l’opportunisme qui lui est associé et les coûts de transaction qu’elle génère pour les firmes. En effet, bien que la présence d’organes de régulation dans cet environnement soit justifiée par le souci pour les pouvoirs publics de corriger les défaillances de tels marchés, l’évolution rapide de la technologie des télécommunications rend inadaptés les éléments caractéristiques de la régulation dans ce secteur (les objectifs, les outils et le processus décisionnel). Sujette à l’opportunisme et génératrice des coûts de transaction, la régulation des télécommunications, si elle permet d’assurer l’efficience statique au sens où la concurrence qu’elle favorise peut aider à réduire le pouvoir de marché des firmes, et donc à l’accroissement du surplus des consommateurs, elle est cependant loin d’intégrer les aspects inhérents à la dynamique propre du secteur des télécommunications, ceux qui conduiraient à l’efficience dynamique. D’où la nécessité de concevoir un système de régulation optimal intégrant les modèles dynamiques qui puissent concilier efficience statique et efficience dynamique.

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Porter, Heather B. « Efficacité et efficience de l’enseignement sur le cancer dispensé par des infirmières ». Canadian Oncology Nursing Journal 8, n^o 4 (1998) : 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5737/1181912x84235240.

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TARHI, Mohammed Amine. « Les principes fondamentaux de la motivation au travail : Vers une amélioration de la productivité des établissements de l’enseignement supérieur marocains ». International Journal of Financial Accountability, Economics, Management, and Auditing (IJFAEMA) 3, n^o 4 (13 août 2021) : 560–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52502/ijfaema.v3i4.123.

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Il est communément admis aujourd’hui, que les établissements de l’enseignement supérieur sont devenus aussi soucieux de leur productivité et de leur efficacité pareillement aux autres organisations. C’est ainsi, qu’on constate généralement un grand écart entre ces établissements dans leur efficacité et efficience ainsi que dans leur productivité et rendement. Cette distinction réside même à l’intérieur de ces établissements, où on se retrouve devant une divergence de productivité que ce soit de la part du corps professoral et ou du corps administratif. Cette variation de productivité est intimement liée à l’autoritarisme, et pratiques de gestion adoptées par les managers, ainsi qu’à la motivation et à la valorisation accordée aux collaborateurs en place.

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BOUDREAU, Christian. « Qualité, efficience et efficacité de l'administration numérique à l'ère des réseaux : l'exemple québécois ». Revue française d'administration publique 131, n^o 3 (2009) : 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfap.131.0527.

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Mincke, Christophe. « Effets, effectivité, efficience et efficacité du droit : le pôle réaliste de la validité ». Revue interdisciplinaire d'études juridiques 40, n^o 1 (1998) : 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riej.040.0115.

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Fokou, Éric, et André Bélanger. « Efficacité et efficience : les obstacles épistémologiques à l’économisme en droit civil des contrats ». Revue générale de droit 49, n^o 1 (2019) : 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1062166ar.

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Bussières, Eve-Line, Amélie St-Germain, Marilyn Dubé et Marie-Claude Richard. « Efficacité et efficience des programmes de transition à la vie adulte : Une revue systématique. » Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 58, n^o 4 (novembre 2017) : 354–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cap0000104.

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Sabourin, Guy, et André Lapointe. « DEUX MODÈLES D’INTERVENTION EN TROUBLE GRAVE DU COMPORTEMENT (TGC) : COMPARAISONS ET AMÉLIORATIONS POSSIBLES ». Revue québécoise de psychologie 39, n^o 2 (10 septembre 2018) : 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1051226ar.

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Le présent article vise à comparer deux modèles d’intervention en TGC, soit le modèle québécois d’Analyse et d’Intervention MultiModales (AIMM) et le modèle de Soutien Comportemental Positif (SCP : Positive Behavioral Support) chez les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (DI). Ce modèle de LaVigna et Willis (2012) a d’ailleurs fait l’objet récemment de démonstrations convaincantes sur le plan de son efficacité et de son efficience clinique. Après avoir constaté les compatibilités et les différences entre ces deux modèles sur le plan qualitatif, certaines pistes d’amélioration clinique et de recherche concernant l’AIMM sont relevées.

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Tremblay, Philippe. « L’évaluation de la qualité de dispositifs scolaires ». Mesure et évaluation en éducation 35, n^o 2 (2 mai 2014) : 39–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024718ar.

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Dans le cadre d’une recherche portant sur l’évaluation comparée de la qualité de deux dispositifs scolaires destinés à des élèves ayant des troubles d’apprentissage, l’auteur a été amené à développer, sur la base de concertations avec différents groupes d’intervenants, de concepts et de théories émanant des sciences de l’éducation, un modèle multidimensionnel et bidirectionnel de la qualité des dispositifs scolaires. Délaissant le « débat ontologique » (Behrens, 2007) autour du concept de qualité, ce travail de conceptualisation et de formalisation d’un cadre d’évaluation de la qualité de dispositifs s’est inspiré de travaux similaires (Bou - chard & Plante, 2002 ; De Ketele & Gerard, 2007) portant sur des objets proches (programme, organisme, etc.). Sur la base des liens de conformité entre un référent et un référé, issus des caractéristiques d’un dispositif, l’auteur a construit un modèle composé de dix dimensions bidirectionnelles (pertinence, adéquation, congruité, synergie, efficacité, efficience, fiabilité, impact, bien-fondé et flexibilité).

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Bardin, Isabelle, Dominique Bonet et Odile Chanut. « La logistique urbaine : déterminants et réflexions en cours en région PACA ». Revue Française de Gestion Industrielle 29, n^o 2 (1 juin 2010) : 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53102/2010.29.02.627.

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Dans un contexte global d'intensification des échanges entre régions, pays et continents, la logistique des grands flux a bénéficié d'innovations technologiques et organisationnelles assurant efficacité et efficience, conjuguant maîtrise des coûts et optimisation de la qualité de service. Si cette dynamique opère efficacement à l'échelle globale, il n'en va pas de même à l'échelle urbaine, plus particulièrement dans les centres-villes. En effet, la gestion des flux dans un environnement caractérisé par une forte densité démographique n'a pas encore véritablement trouvé son modèle d'organisation. Aujourd'hui, la logistique urbaine ou encore la gestion "du dernier kilomètre" constitue donc un enjeu sociopolitique et environnemental de premier plan. L'objectif de notre article est de dresser un état des lieux de cette question afin d'en apprécier l'acuité sur le moyen et le long terme. Dans une première partie, nous présentons le contexte socio-économique dans lequel s'inscrit cette problématique. Nous examinons ensuite dans une seconde partie en quoi la région PACA constitue un terrain particulièrement représentatif des enjeux de la logistique urbaine et les pistes de réflexion déjà engagées au sein de l'agglomération marseillaise.

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Ramonell, Sébastien, Kari Puronaho, Nicolas Fernandez, Vincent Chaudel, Muriel Feraud-Courtin, Michel Godard et Jean-Émile Mazer. « Table ronde : Les bonnes pratiques, les politiques nationales efficacité/efficience/effectivité, convergences et différences, perspectives dans l’Union européenne et le monde, coopérations européennes… ? » Les Cahiers de l'INSEP 44, n^o 1 (2009) : 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/insep.2009.1057.

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Mockle, Daniel. « La justice, l’efficacité et l’imputabilité ». Les Cahiers de droit 54, n^o 4 (2 décembre 2013) : 613–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1020649ar.

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Les principes issus de la nouvelle gestion publique (efficacité, efficience, transparence, responsabilité et imputabilité) sont utilisés par le législateur afin de revoir sur une base plus contemporaine le fonctionnement des organisations publiques. Leur intégration par le droit public montre une transformation du contexte social et politique qui dépasse les dimensions propres à la gestion et au management. La justice, à titre de système public propre à l’organisation et au fonctionnement des cours et des tribunaux, subit l’influence, de diverses manières, de cette évolution et de ce type de principe. Ce texte montre la progression de l’efficacité en droit processuel, ainsi que dans le contexte du nouveau management de la justice. Si, au sens strict, l’efficacité n’est pas un principe reconnu par le droit judiciaire, elle apparaît à tout le moins comme un élément structurant des réflexions contemporaines sur la justice, à l’instar de l’accessibilité. L’efficacité concerne directement les cours et les tribunaux en tant qu’organisations responsables du service public de la justice. Son ascension facilite ainsi l’affirmation des autres principes, dont le plus important reste l’imputabilité. Loin d’être en opposition avec les principes traditionnels de l’indépendance de la justice, l’imputabilité ouvre des perspectives nouvelles pour sa légitimité.

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Mockle, Daniel. « La constitutionnalisation des mécanismes et des principes de bon gouvernement en perspective comparée ». Les Cahiers de droit 51, n^o 2 (15 février 2011) : 245–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045633ar.

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Les principes (efficacité, efficience, transparence, responsabilité, imputabilité) issus de la nouvelle gouvernance publique servent de catalyseur pour revoir le thème classique du bon gouvernement. Le droit public contemporain offre toutefois un portrait plus nuancé avec des principes de bon gouvernement issus du droit administratif, de la science politique et des sciences de la gestion. Leur constitutionnalisation représente une étape nouvelle qui requiert une logique de protection qui dépasse souvent les moyens attribués aux juges dans la plupart des systèmes nationaux. Si les principes de bonne administration sont désormais associés au champ du droit administratif pour baliser le contrôle juridictionnel, il existe en revanche de nombreux principes plus proches de la bonne gestion et de la bonne gouvernance dans la perspective de l’accountability. Une mise en perspective montre que les autorités publiques ont d’abord été soucieuses d’élaborer des mécanismes de contrôle de la fonction exécutive, car l’élaboration de principes conséquents constitue un phénomène plus récent. Le choix de ces mécanismes et de ces principes montre une nette convergence avec les propriétés formelles du droit. Cette évolution correspond à la recherche d’une plus grande effectivité dans l’évolution contemporaine du constitutionnalisme afin que des droits, des principes et des objectifs puissent être appliqués « autrement », ce qui est logique compte tenu des ambitions de la nouvelle gestion publique en vue de « gérer autrement ».

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Aminou, Fawaz A. Adéchinan. « Efficacité Technique des Petits Producteurs du Maïs au Bénin ». European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, n^o 19 (31 juillet 2018) : 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n19p109.

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This study examines how small maize farmers allocate their production inputs and identifies the elements that characterize efficient farms. A Cobb Douglas stochastic frontier approach is used to estimate farm level technical efficiency of maize farmers. Average technical efficiency of sampled farms was estimated to be 65.40% with a minimum of 20.47% and a maximum of 93.46%. The study further showed that the farmers’ sex, the use of improved seeds, the maize selling price, the non-farm income, the contact with an NGO, the access to credit and the production area played a positive and significant role in improving technical efficiency. The results imply that government can save resources used in extension services and focus on its improved seed distribution policy. Also, imperfections in the labor/capital market contribute to the low efficiency of farm households.

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Corriveau, Louis. « Efficacité et moralité. Une analyse économique des conventions morales ». Dialogue 36, n^o 3 (1997) : 469–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300017005.

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AbstractWe expound an economic explanation of the nature, causes, and effects of moral conventions. We show, first, that systems of moral rules lead to Pareto-efficiency; second, that the efficiency they induce may be interpreted as the outcome of an exchange of courtesies; third, and finally, that moral exchange takes place whenever the costs of transaction are sufficiently low. We also explain various phenomena, including the diversity of moral rules in time and space. Finally, we give sufficient conditions for universal moral rules to emerge in a sequence of agreements involving two agents only at a time.

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Yaakobi, Erez, et Jacob Weisberg. « Individual, group and organizational efficacies in predicting performance ». Personnel Review 47, n^o 2 (5 mars 2018) : 535–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-08-2016-0212.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for predicting three facets of employee performance (quality, innovation and efficiency) based on the evaluation of individual (self and occupational), group (collective) and organizational (means) efficacies. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 109 managers employed mainly in high-tech industries evaluated their employees’ quality, innovation and efficiency performance. The employees’ efficacies were also evaluated on three organizational levels. Findings Evaluation of employees’ self-efficacy accounted for most of the explained variance for all performance facets. Evaluation of group efficacy added incremental explained variance to the general performance as well as to the innovation performance and efficiency performance. Evaluation of means efficacy (provided to employees) added incremental explained variance to the general performance as well as to the innovation performance and the efficiency of performance. Male managers differed from female managers in their predictions of employees’ performance. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the concurrent effects of four types of efficacies, based on three organizational levels, in predicting performance. It also examines three facets of performance instead of only a general performance measure. It presents a model of the relative importance of these efficacies in predicting facets of performance.

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Allie, Émile, et Pierre Lefebvre. « Équité et efficacité des programmes actuels de sécurité du revenu ». Articles 56, n^o 3 (21 janvier 2009) : 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600929ar.

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Abstract The primary objective of income security policies is to see that resources go to those in need. Programs resulting from these policies can be evaluated for their equity and efficiency. Explicit recognition of time as a factor determining resources and needs of families modifies the traditional picture we have of an unidimensional poverty threshold. In this analysis, available time becomes thus an important parameter in the decision to supply labor. This framework is used to analyse a simplified guaranteed income program and then, to evaluate the case of an integration of the Social Welfare and Work Income Supplement programs of Quebec. Those programs are also examined for their effects they may have on family structure.

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Kössler, Wolfgang, et Egmar Rödel. « The Asymptotic Efficacies and Relative Efficiencies of Various Linear Rank Tests for Independence ». Metrika 65, n^o 1 (3 mai 2006) : 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00184-006-0055-x.

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Bruneau, Jean-François, Denis Morin et Marcel Pouliot. « Efficacité du pré-signalement d'arrêt scolaire avec feux jaunes et avec feux de détresse ». Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 29, n^o 3 (1 juin 2002) : 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-039.

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The pre-stop warning is activated by the bus drivers to warn motorists that the school bus will soon stop, requiring all vehicles to stop. On buses equipped with an eight-light system, four yellow flashing lights, located near the roof, precede the four red flashing lights activated with the stop-arm. In Québec, where pre-stop warning is not required, it is permitted to use the "hazard lights" as a pre-stop signal, when the school bus has red lights only. This study rates the relative effectiveness of the two systems, in fall and spring time. Advance signal lights are tested on the same routes : two- and four-lane rural or near urban highways, with high posted speeds (70 km/h and over). A video camera is aimed at oncoming traffic along with a radar antenna. Changes in drivers' speeds are studied with a relative risk ratio and an efficiency index, validated through expected frequencies. The eight-light system reduced significantly the rate of illegal passing and the overall speed during advance signal. The eight-light system was more effective than the hazard lights for all tested parameters, including visibility, traffic, weather, and season. The near-roof position of the yellow lights probably explains the gap between the two systems.Key words: advance signalling device, pre-stop warning, eight-light system, amber lights, hazard lights, school buses, illegal passing, speed, relative risk ratio, road safety, rural area.

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Rajic, Ljiljana, Bozo Dalmacija, Svetlana Ugarcina-Perovic, Malcolm Watson et Milena Dalmacija. « Influence of nickel speciation on electrokinetic sediment remediation efficiency ». Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, n^o 4 (2011) : 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110216030r.

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This article presents a bench-scale investigation of nickel removal during electrokinetic (EK) remediation of sediment, and the dependency of removal efficacies upon the speciation of the metal, as influenced by the duration of the nickel-sediment interaction. The sediment used in this study was from the Grand Backa canal (Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia). The sediment used is anaerobic and the nickel pollution has been aged for several years, so it is mostly sorbed by sulphides and organic mater (57%). In EXP I, conventional EK remediation was conducted on this sediment for 7 days, but was ineffective (0% removal). EXP II investigated the influence of the duration of nickel sorption onto the sediment, by contaminating the sediment with additional nickel. In this sediment, nickel appeared mainly in the most mobile, acid-soluble fraction, and was thus available for migration towards the cathode. Consequently, conventional EK remediation of this sediment resulted in significantly better nickel removal (23%) than EXP I. During EXP III, the same spiked sediment was investigated using an increased applied current density, with no significant increase in removal efficacy. This study demonstrates that metal-sediment interaction duration affects efficacy of metal removal during EK remediation.

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Stevenson, J. S. « A review of oestrous behaviour and detection in dairy cows ». BSAP Occasional Publication 26, n^o 1 (2001) : 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00033589.

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AbstractA number of measurable physiological events characteristically occur and cause changes during the perioestrual period including the classical, diagnostic sign of standing behaviour. The onset of oestrus coincides with peak titres of oestradiol-17β that subsequently induce the preovulatory surge of LH within 1 to 3 h and ovulation of a mature follicle some 24 to 32 h after the onset of oestrus. Although detection efficiencies are consistently greater in higher producing herds, oestrus-detection efficiency generally has declined in recent years as herd size and milk production have increased. New technologies have introduced some needed assistance for detecting cows in oestrus. These include various in expensive heat mount detectors to more sophisticated electronic gadgetry, such aspedometry and radiotelemetric sensors that detect temperature, tissue impedance, and pressure. Oestrus detection aids are usually more efficient but not necessarily more accurate than visual observation. Differences in housing and environmental conditions, in addition to labor inputs, costs, and efficacies, result in variable acceptance of such technologies. Detection efficiency and accuracy can be improved by simultaneous use of synergistic technologies; those that compliment each other and monitor different indicators of oestrus. Combining technologies for simultaneous measurements of several physiological events associated specifically with the onset of oestrus and their radiotelemetrically signaling to a central computer for subsequent analysis should provide greater efficiency ofoestrus detection with fewer false positives. The ultimate goal of determining the onset of oestrus or ovulation is to predict the optimal timing for insemination. Ultimately, herd personnel must interpret information gathered by these technologies and judge whether or not and when to inseminate cows based on their visual inspection of identified cows.

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Shepherd, Geoff. « System failure ? The problems of reductions in long-stay beds in the UK ». Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 7, n^o 2 (août 1998) : 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00007260.

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RIASSUNTOScopo — Esaminare la letteratura riguardante gli effetti della riduzione del numero di letti per lungodegenti nei Servizi di Salute Mentale della Gran Bretagna. Metodo — Revisione selettiva della letteratura, con particolare riferimento a ricerche condotte dall'autore e dai suoi colleghi presso il Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.Risultati — Le evidenze suggeriscono che gli effetti della riduzione dei letti dei lungodegenti dovrebbero essere esaminati separatamente, distinguendo i «vecchi» dai «nuovi» lungodegenti. Mentre i «vecchi» lungodegenti, che sono stati più direttamente toccati da questi cambiamenti, hanno avuto generalmente risultati positivi, lo stesso non può dirsi per i «nuovi» lungodegenti. Questi pazienti vengono correntemente accumulati in Unità per pazienti gravi, spesso in reparti di ospedali generali o entrano nel meccanismo della «porta girevole», che è rappresentato dai trattamento dei pazienti acuti a cui segue un inadeguato supporto sociale. Nonostante sia evidente la scarsita di letti per acuti, specialmente nelle aree centrali delle città, molti di questi letti sono attualmente occupati da pazienti che sarebbero curati meglio (e con minore spesa) in strutture territoriali alternative, se esse fossero disponibili. Le evidenze suggeriscono che e possibile migliorare gli esiti per questo gruppo di «nuovi» lungodegenti, se fossero utilizzabili specifici team territoriali che si occupino di reperire alloggi e lavoro e di assicurare adeguato sostegno. Conclusioni — Gli effetti della riduzione dei letti di pazienti lungoassistiti dovrebbero essere considerati in una prospettiva sistemica. Si possono organizzare servizi sociali efficaci, ma, per ottenere una efficace sostituzione di un tipo di servizio con un altro, ci deve essere un sistema ben coordinato, con obiettivi definiti e tecnicamente efficiente. Attualmente tali tipi di servizi sono rari. Comunque è improbabile che mettere a fuoco semplicemente un singolo elemento del sistema (ad esempio, il numero di letti) produca soluzioni efficaci ed efficienti.

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Li, Yang-Guo, Mohammad Rafiqul Haider et Yehia Massoud. « A Low-Noise Biopotential Amplifier with an Optimized Noise Efficiency Factor ». Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 24, n^o 06 (26 mai 2015) : 1550090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126615500905.

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Implantable wireless neural recording microsystems have demonstrated their efficacies in neuroscience studies in the past decades. However, with the advances of neurobiology, higher sensitivity and higher precision neural recording microsystems are becoming the critical need. A biopotential amplifier is the first stage of a neural recording microsystem, the performance of which decides the signal-to-noise ratio and the power dissipation of each recording-channel. In this paper, we present a low-noise biopotential amplifier with a noise efficiency factor (NEF) optimized closer to the theoretical limit of a folded cascode structure. A high transconductance input nMOSFET pair is designed to guarantee a low input-referred noise. A self-biased scheme comprising a weak positive feedback and a strong negative feedback is employed to further enhance the transconductance. By optimizing the noise performance while maintaining the NEF value close to the theoretical limit, a very low input-referred noise and a higher power-noise efficiency are achieved in our design. Using a standard 0.13-μm CMOS process, the proposed amplifier achieves an input-referred noise of 1.98 μVrms at the expense of 7.5 μW power, corresponding to a NEF of 2.31. The gain of the proposed amplifier is 40.84 dB at a -3 dB bandwidth from 6.65 Hz to 9.38 kHz.

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Lacatusu, Ioana, Teodora Alexandra Iordache, Mirela Mihaila, Dan Eduard Mihaiescu, Anca Lucia Pop et Nicoleta Badea. « Multifaced Role of Dual Herbal Principles Loaded-Lipid Nanocarriers in Providing High Therapeutic Efficacity ». Pharmaceutics 13, n^o 9 (18 septembre 2021) : 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091511.

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Although many phytochemicals have been used in traditional medicine, there is a great need to refresh the health benefits and adjust the shortcomings of herbal medicine. In this research, two herbal principles (Diosgenin and Glycyrrhiza glabra extract) coopted in the Nanostructured Lipid Carriers have been developed for improving the most desirable properties of herbal medicine—antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. The contribution of phytochemicals, vegetable oils and of lipid matrices has been highlighted by comparative study of size, stability, entrapment efficiency, morphological characteristics, and thermal behavior. According to the in vitro MTS and RTCA results, the dual herbal-NLCs were no cytotoxic toward endothelial cells at concentrations between 25 and 100 µg/mL. A rapid release of Glycyrrhiza glabra and a motivated delay of Diosgenin was detected by the in vitro release experiments. Dual herbal-NLCs showed an elevated ability to annihilate long-life cationic radicals (ABTS•+) and short-life oxygenated radicals (an inhibition of 63.4% ABTS•+, while the ability to capture radical oxygen species reached 96%). The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly inhibited by the newly herbals-NLC (up to 97.9% inhibition of TNF-α and 62.5% for IL-6). The study may open a new pharmacotherapy horizon; it provides a comprehensive basis for the use of herbal-NLC in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

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Platt, Emily J., James P. Durnin et David Kabat. « Kinetic Factors Control Efficiencies of Cell Entry, Efficacies of Entry Inhibitors, and Mechanisms of Adaptation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus ». Journal of Virology 79, n^o 7 (1 avril 2005) : 4347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.7.4347-4356.2005.

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ABSTRACT Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in diverse conditions limiting for viral entry into cells frequently leads to adaptive mutations in the V3 loop of the gp120 envelope glycoprotein. This has suggested that the V3 loop limits the efficiencies of HIV-1 infections, possibly by directly affecting gp120-coreceptor affinities. In contrast, V3 loop mutations that enable HIV-1JR-CSF to use the low-affinity mutant coreceptor CCR5(Y14N) are shown here to have negligible effects on the virus-coreceptor affinity but to dramatically accelerate the irreversible conformational conversion of the envelope gp41 subunits from a three-stranded coil into a six-helix bundle. This slow step is blocked irreversibly by the inhibitor T-20. To further evaluate the role of entry rates in controlling infection efficiencies and viral adaptations, we developed methods to quantitatively measure viral entry kinetics. The virions were adsorbed by spinoculation at 4°C onto HeLa-CD4/CCR5 cell clones that either had limiting or saturating concentrations of CCR5. After warming to 37°C, the completion of entry was monitored over time by the resistance of infections to the competitive CCR5 inhibitor TAK-779. Our results suggest that the efficiency of entry of cell-attached infectious HIV-1 is principally controlled by three kinetic processes. The first is a lag phase that is caused in part by the concentration-dependent reversible association of virus with CD4 and CCR5 to form an equilibrium assemblage of complexes. Second, this assembly step lowers but does not eliminate a large activation energy barrier for a rate-limiting, CCR5-dependent conformational change in gp41 that is sensitive to blockage by T-20. The rate of infection therefore depends on the fraction of infectious virions that are sufficiently saturated with CCR5 to undergo this conformational change and on the magnitude of the activation energy barrier. Although only a small fraction of fully assembled viral complexes overcome this barrier per hour, the ensuing steps of entry are rapidly completed within 5 to 10 min. Thus, this barrier limits the overall flow rate at which the attached virions enter cells, but it has no effect on the lag time that precedes this entry flow. Third, a relatively rapid and kinetically dominant process of viral inactivation, which may partly involve endocytosis, competes with infectious viral entry. Our results suggest that the V3 loop of gp120 has a major effect on the rate-limiting coreceptor-dependent conformational change in gp41 and that adaptive viral mutations, including V3 loop mutations, function kinetically by accelerating this inherently slow step in the entry pathway.

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Ahsan, Hajrah, Talha Kareem, Salma Tanveer, Muhammad Farrukh Aftab, Bahawal Zeb et Ahmed Kabir. « Comparison of Efficiencies of Neurological Physical Examination, Neurothesiometer and PainDETECT Questionnaire in Diagnosing Diabetic Neuropathy ». International Journal of Frontier Sciences 4, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i1.59.

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Objective: To compare the efficacies of neurological physical examination, neurothesiometer and PainDETECT questionnaire in diagnosing diabetic neuropathy. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: Department of General Medicine, Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan from 1st December 2018 to 10th March 2019. Materials and Methods: One hundred and four patients of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes visiting the outdoor department were included in this study. They were assessed by lab results of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting and random blood sugar levels and neurological physical examination. Results: The physical examination with Michigan Neuropathy Screening instrument showed that around 29 of the patients were having established neuropathy. The PainDETECT questionnaire on the other hand showed about 42 patients having a definitive neuropathy while the neurothesiometer showed that 79 of the total patients had varying degrees of neuropathy. Conclusion: The neurothesiometer is a better diagnostic tool for diagnosing diabetic neuropathy in patients.

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Hu, J. Y., W. Fang et B. Yu. « Biofilm control using chlorine-based disinfectants in model drinking water distribution systems ». Water Supply 8, n^o 5 (1 décembre 2008) : 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.106.

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Model distribution systems (annular reactors) were operated to investigate the biofilm disinfection efficacies of three disinfectants: free chlorine, monochloramine and combination of free chlorine and silver ion. Biofilm cell number, coverage and structure were examined. At the same dosages, monochloramine showed the poorest biofilm disinfection efficiency compared to free chlorine and combination of free chlorine and silver ion. 40 μg/l of Ag+ showed positive effect to both two dosages of chlorine (0.5 mg/l and 1 mg/l) to disinfect biofilm bacteria. In addition, combinations of free chlorine and silver ion were found to achieve the highest biofilm coverage reduction, while monochloramine showed the least biofilm removal. Biofilm structure could also be affected by different testing agents.

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Zhu, Zhengrong, Jaime Puglisi, David Connors, Jeremy Stewart, John Herbst, Anthony Marino, Michael Sinz et al. « Use of Cryopreserved Transiently Transfected Cells in High-Throughput Pregnane X Receptor Transactivation Assay ». Journal of Biomolecular Screening 12, n^o 2 (11 janvier 2007) : 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057106297828.

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Cryopreserved, transiently transfected HepG2 cells were compared to freshly transfected HepG2 cells for use in a pregnane X receptor (PXR) transactivation assay. Assay performance was similar for both cell preparations; however, cryopreserved cells demonstrated less interassay variation. Validation with drugs of different PXR activation potencies and efficacies demonstrated an excellent correlation ( r2 > 0.95) between cryopreserved and fresh cells. Cryopreservation did not change the effect of known CYP3A4 inducers that have poor cell permeability, indicating that cryopreservation had little effect on membrane permeability. In addition, cryopreserved HepG2 cells did not exhibit enhanced susceptibility to cytotoxic compounds compared to transiently transfected control cells. The use of cryopreserved cells enables this assay to run with enhanced efficiency.

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Liu, Wen-Jing, Zhi Lv, Jing-Wei Liu, Qian Xu, Han-Xi Ding et Yuan Yuan. « LncRNAs adjacent to pepsinogen C in gastric diseases and diagnostic efficiencies of joint detection in gastric diseases ». Future Oncology 16, n^o 11 (avril 2020) : 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0833.

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Aims: We aimed to explore diagnostic efficiencies of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) adjacent to PGC combining with sPGC and anti- Helicobacter pylori IgG in identifying GC (gastric cancer) and precancerous disease. Patients & methods: A total of 265 patients with different gastric diseases were collected. ELISA was to detect sPGC and anti- H. pylori IgG. LncRNAs was determined by qRT-PCR. Results: The area under receiver operating characteristic curve of lncRNAs in discriminating GC+AG (atrophic gastritis) and superficial gastritis (SG) were 79.0, 68.1 and 75.9%. The diagnostic performance of lncRNAs with sPGC had increasing trends in distinguishing GC from non-GC, SG from GC+AG comparing with lncRNAs, with no statistic difference. Diagnosis efficacies of lncRNAs with anti- H. pylori IgG improved dramatically. Conclusions: Serum lncRNAs could distinguish GC, AG and SG. Diagnosis efficiencies of lncRNAs with sPGC and anti- H. pylori-IgG could be improved.

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Panero, Cinzia, Carmen Calabrese, Cristina Campanale, Milena Vainieri et Sabina Nuti. « Esternalizzazione e centralizzazione dei processi di approvvigionamento : risultati e criticitÀ dell'esperienza degli Estav nella sanitÀ toscana ». MERCATI & ; COMPETITIVITÀ, n^o 2 (juin 2010) : 103–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mc2010-002006.

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Le opportunitÀ ed i vantaggi derivanti dall'esternalizzazione e dalla centralizzazione dei processi aziendali, evidenziati in letteratura nel contesto privato, sono riscontrabili anche nel contesto sanitario pubblico? L'articolo si propone di compiere una prima valutazione dei risultati raggiunti in Toscana con l'introduzione degli ESTAV, la cui istituzione č avvenuta per razionalizzare, a livello sovra-aziendale, le funzioni tecnicoamministrative ed in particolare gli approvvigionamenti. Valutando i risultati raggiunti in termini di efficienza e di efficacia, viene evidenziato come tale esperienza presenti, pur con ampi spazi di miglioramento, risultati indubbiamente positivi e assimilabili a quelli presenti nel contesto privato.

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Fang, Wei, Jiangyong Hu et Say Leong Ong. « Effects of phosphorus on biofilm disinfections in model drinking water distribution systems ». Journal of Water and Health 8, n^o 3 (4 décembre 2009) : 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.303.

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Drinking water biofilm development is affected by the available nutrient levels and the presence of disinfectants. Phosphorus is recognized as another important limiting nutrient besides organic carbon. In this study, drinking water biofilms were developed in annular reactors to examine the effects of phosphorus on the biofilm disinfections with free chlorine and monochloramine. Phosphorus addition was found to increase the biofilm cell number but decrease the exopolysaccharides (EPS) production. The disinfection efficacies of both free chlorine and monochloramine were increased when phosphorus was added into the reactor systems. At the same disinfection dosages, monochloramine showed greater biofilm removal efficiency than free chlorine. Monochloramine could be a better choice than free chlorine in biofilm disinfection when phosphate-based corrosion inhibitors are applied.

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Yurtseven, MB, S. Mete et S. Onaygil. « The effects of temperature and driving current on the key parameters of commercially available, high-power, white LEDs ». Lighting Research & ; Technology 48, n^o 8 (3 août 2016) : 943–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153515576785.

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High-power LEDs with high luminous efficacies, compact sizes, long lifetimes and a wide colour range, are rapidly taking the place of conventional light sources in general lighting applications. But these properties of high-power LEDs are dependent on temperature and driving current. In this study, 24 samples of commercially available, high-power, white LEDs were measurement for their electrical, optical and thermal characteristics as well as their efficiency, luminous flux, luminous efficacy, correlated colour temperature and colour rendering index over six temperature steps at three different driving currents. LED manufacturers' catalogues including such information will allow consistency between the design and application stages of an installation. Also, it will make the technical and economic optimization of luminaires using high-power LEDs easier.

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Burchi, Francesco, et Sara Turchetti. « L'approvvigionamento dell'aiuto alimentare : buone e cattive pratiche ». QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, n^o 3 (septembre 2010) : 81–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2010-003004.

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Al Vertice mondiale sull'alimentazione del 1996 si stabilě di promuovere operazioni di triangolazione dell'aiuto alimentare per sconfiggere la fame mondiale. Considerando i criteri di efficacia, efficienza e trasparenza, il saggio sostiene che tale Obiettivo ha una giustificazione teorica, ma sia la triangolazione che l'acquisto in loco sono buone modalitŕ di approvvigionamento dell'aiuto alimentare. La successiva analisi degli andamenti dal 1996 dell'aiuto alimentare si concentra su quattro paesi beneficiari: Kenya, Uganda, Etiopia ed Eritrea. La conclusione č che non si registrano miglioramenti nelle pratiche. Si sottolineano inoltre le differenze tra paesi donatori: la Germania adotta "buone" pratiche, mentre la Danimarca e gli Usa costituiscono esempi di "cattive" pratiche nell'aiuto alimentare.

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Al-Bari, Abdul Alim. « Facts and Myths : Efficacies of Repurposing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of COVID-19 ». Current Drug Targets 21, n^o 16 (14 décembre 2020) : 1703–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200617133142.

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The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The 2019-nCoV first broke out in Wuhan and subsequently spread worldwide owing to its extreme transmission efficiency. The fact that the COVID-19 cases and mortalities are reported globally and the WHO has declared this outbreak as the pandemic, the international health authorities have focused on rapid diagnosis and isolation of patients as well as search for therapies able to counter the disease severity. Due to the lack of known specific, effective and proven therapies as well as the situation of public-health emergency, drug repurposing appears to be the best armour to find a therapeutic solution against 2019-nCoV infection. Repurposing anti-malarial drugs and chloroquine (CQ)/ hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown efficacy to inhibit most coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 coronavirus. These CQ analogues have shown potential efficacy to inhibit 2019-nCoV in vitro that leads to focus several future clinical trials. This review discusses the possible effective roles and mechanisms of CQ analogues for interfering with the 2019-nCoV replication cycle and infection.

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De Gerlache, Jacques. « Couplages de résonance symbiotique et hétéro-organisation comme principes fondateurs des systèmes complexes : Entre efficacité dissipative et résilience ». Acta Europeana Systemica 9 (7 juillet 2020) : 167–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/aes.v9i1.56113.

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Today it is possible to finally go beyond the limits of the analytical paradigm by enriching it with a real systemic dimension allowing a complete integration of the most fundamental recent scientific achievements reflecting the emergence and resilience of complex systems, in particular the so-called "living" states of matter. This contribution proposes to show how the integration of this systemic dimension makes it possible in particular to better understand and manage in a truly lucid and operational way the biological and ecological organizational systems but also socio-economic, even political as, for example, in terms of energy transitions in the face of climate change.Work on thermodynamics of far-from-equilibrium systems has indeed thrown unprecedented light on the understanding of the dynamics of "complex" systems, particularly molecular ones. It is now well established that the emergence of such dynamic organizational structures is determined by maximizing their dissipative efficiency. This promotes the evolution of the system within which it emerges towards a state of maximum uniformity (or entropy) described by the 2nd principle of thermodynamics. These topologically localized states resulting from symbiotic and "hetero-organized" coupling processes between distinct components producing these "dissipative resonance" states are observed from the tropical cyclone to the most sophisticated bio-socio-economic systems It is indeed possible on this basis to establish the symbiotic nature of the processes that determine at all levels the organization and evolution of living states of molecular matter.This was manifested in particular by the emergence at the organo-biological level of hetero-organized and “localized” couplings between nucleic acids and amino acids, the latter giving rise to the first living cells consuming - and therefore dissipating - energy. Endo-symbiosis with certain primitive single-celled organisms with a particular capacity for energy capture and dissipation, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, other hetero-organization processes, then opened the way for the emergence of co-determined multicellular structures even more effective and resilient on the dissipative front. The process of segmentation (and not of simple division) of an "initial" cell (the "egg") illustrates this symbiotic co-determination between epigenetic components (the "egg white") and genetics (its nucleus) opening the path to the emergence of the potential for tissue differentiation, including its neurological dimension. These processes explain the absence of an absolute hierarchy in the hetero-organization processes and their “probabilistic” component, a bit like in a jazz ensemble each musician can "improvise" (epigenetically) but by constantly agreeing on the others in the interpretation of a specific (genetic) "composition".

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Bulboacă, Adriana Elena, Alina Porfire, Sorana D. Bolboacă, Cristina Ariadna Nicula, Dana Gabriela Feștilă, Alexandra Roman, Ruxandra Mioara Râjnoveanu et al. « Protective Effects of Liposomal Curcumin on Oxidative Stress/Antioxidant Imbalance, Metalloproteinases 2 and -9, Histological Changes and Renal Function in Experimental Nephrotoxicity Induced by Gentamicin ». Antioxidants 10, n^o 2 (22 février 2021) : 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020325.

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Background: Our study aimed to assess the efficiency of Curcumin nanoformulation (LCC) on experimental nephrotoxicity induced by Gentamicin in rats. Methods: Six groups of seven rats were used: C—(control group) received saline solution i.p. (i.p. = intraperitoneal), G—gentamicin (G, 80 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)), GCC1 and GCC2—with G and CC solution (single dose of 10 mg/kg b.w.-CC1, or 20 mg/kg b.w.-CC2), GLCC1 (10 mg/kg b.w.) and GLCC2 (20 mg/kg b.w.) with G and LCC administration. Oxidative stress parameters (NOx = nitric oxide, MDA = malondialdehyde, TOS = total oxidative stress), antioxidant parameters (CAT = catalase, TAC = total antioxidant capacity), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and renal function parameters (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and urea) were measured. Kidneys histopathologic examination was made for each group. Results: Pretreatment with CC and LCC in both doses had significantly alleviating effects on assessed parameters (NOx, MDA, TOS, CAT, TAC, MMP-2, and -9) as compared with the untreated group (p < 0.006). Histopathological aspect and renal function were significantly improved in CC and LCC groups. Liposomal formulation (LCC) showed higher efficiency on all examined parameters compared to CC (p < 0.006). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated improving renal function and kidney cytoarchitecture, oxidative stress/antioxidant/balance, and MMPs plasma concentrations with better dose-related efficacity of LCC than CC.

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Ma, Hui, Kang Wu, Fang Liu, Hua Yang, Han Kang, Ning-Ning Chen, Qin Yuan, Wen-Jiang Zhou et Xiao-Yong Fan. « Dose of Incorporated Immunodominant Antigen in Recombinant BCG Impacts Modestly on Th1 Immune Response and Protective Efficiency againstMycobacterium tuberculosisin Mice ». Journal of Immunology Research 2014 (2014) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/196124.

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One approach for improving BCG efficacy is to utilize BCG as vehicle to develop recombinant BCG (rBCG) strains overexpressingMycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb)antigens. Also expression level of a candidate antigen should impact the final T cell responses conferred by rBCG. In this study, based on our previously constructed differential expression system, we developed two rBCG strains overexpressingM. tbchimeric antigen Ag856A2 (coding a recombinantag85awith 2 copies ofesat-6inserted atAccI site ofag85a) at differential levels under the control of the subtly modifiedfurApromoters. These two rBCG strains were used to vaccinate C57BL/6 mice and exploit dose of incorporated antigen in rBCG to optimize immune response and protective efficiency againstM. tbchallenge in mouse model. The results showed that rBCG strains overexpressing Ag856A2 at differential levels induced different antigen-specific IFN-γproduction and comparable number ofM. tb-specific CD4 T cells expressing IL-2.M. tbchallenge experiment showed that rBCG strains afforded enhanced but comparable immune protection characterized by reduced bacillary load, lung pathology, and inflammation. These results suggested that the dose of antigens incorporated in rBCG can impact T cell immune responses but imposed no significantly differential protective efficacies.

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Mazzoleni, Valeria, S. Testa et Osvaldo Colagrande. « Emploi du charbon décolorant dans le traitement des moûts et des vins ». OENO One 20, n^o 4 (31 décembre 1986) : 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1986.20.4.1309.

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Les auteurs étudient les caractères chimiques et physiques de trois charbons végétaux ainsi que quelques paramètres pouvant influer sur leur efficacité (teneur en colloïdes, température de traitement, etc.). Ils montrent que le traitement de décoloration d'un moût de raisins Pinot noir ne modifie que très légèrement les composés aromatiques du vin obtenu. Ils observent que le traitement par le charbon des vins blancs madérisés entraîne une modification de leurs teneurs en composés aromatiques qui dépend, en premier lieu, du type de charbon utilisé. L'instabilité à l'oxydation des vins traités semble liée à la structure chimique du charbon.+++Chemical and physical properties of three vegetal charcoals and their efficiency according to some parameters (colloid level, temperature of treatment) were studied. It was shown that bleaching treatment of a red Pinot noir must changed very slightly the aromatic compounds of the corresponding wine. For oxidised white wines, changes in the level of aromatic compounds occured, firstly according to the tye of charcoal used. The instability of treated wines toward oxidation appared in connection with the chemical structure of the charcoal.

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de los Santos, Berta, Juan Jesús Medina, Luis Miranda, José Antonio Gómez et Miguel Talavera. « Soil Disinfestation Efficacy against Soil Fungal Pathogens in Strawberry Crops in Spain : An Overview ». Agronomy 11, n^o 3 (11 mars 2021) : 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030526.

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(1) Background: Strawberry cultivation is highly dependent on soil disinfestation for proper development. Since the definitive methyl bromide phase-out, other chemicals have been used as alternatives. This research provides an overview on the efficacies of soil disinfestation methods on controlling soil fungal diseases of strawberry. (2) Methods: The efficacy of several soil disinfestation methods on soil fungal pathogens (SFP: Fusarium spp. and Macrophominaphaseolina) was analyzed in experimental field trials during eleven growing seasons. (3) Results: Average efficiencies in reducing soil pathogen inocula for soil disinfestation techniques are given. Soil disinfestations with chloropicrin, allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, methyl iodide:chloropicrin, and dimethyl disulfide reduced Fusarium spp. and M. phaseolina soil inocula by more than 90%. Combination of solarization with organic manures (biosolarization) reduced Fusarium spp. soil populations by 80% and M. phaseolina by 79%. Reductions in plant mortality and increases in fruit yields over the untreated controls did not differ between chemically fumigated and biosolarized plots. (4) Conclusions: Soil fungal pathogens are effectively controlled by chemical fumigation of soils in intensive strawberry crops in Spain. In the case of mixed infestations of SFP with nematodes, the most efficient treatment in suppressing soil-borne diseases was soil fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin, but other alternative chemicals, such as allyl isothiocyanate, dazomet, and dimethyl disulfide, provided high efficacies in reducing the SFP inocula. Soil biosolarization is proposed as an effective alternative to chemical soil fumigation for strawberry cultivation in Southern Spain when SFP inocula is not remarkably high.

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Torigoe, Ichiro, Shinichi Sotome, Akio Tsuchiya, Toshitaka Yoshii, Makoto Takahashi, Shigenori Kawabata et Kenichi Shinomiya. « Novel Cell Seeding System into a Porous Scaffold Using a Modified Low-Pressure Method to Enhance Cell Seeding Efficiency and Bone Formation ». Cell Transplantation 16, n^o 7 (août 2007) : 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/000000007783465109.

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The efficient seeding of cells into porous scaffolds is important in bone tissue engineering techniques. To enhance efficiency, we modified the previously reported cell seeding techniques using low-pressure conditions. In this study, the effects of low pressure on bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) of rats and the usefulness of the modified technique were assessed. There was no significant difference found in the proliferative and osteogenic capabilities among various low-pressure (50–760 mmHg, 1–10 min) conditions. To analyze the efficacies of the cell seeding techniques, BMSCs suspended in the plasma of rats were seeded into porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) blocks by the following three procedures: 1) spontaneous penetration of cell suspension under atmospheric pressure (SP); 2) spontaneous penetration and subsequent low pressure treatment (SPSL), the conventional technique; and 3) spontaneous penetration under low pressure conditions (SPUL), the modified technique. Subsequently, these BMSCs/β-TCP composites were used for the analysis of cell seeding efficiency or in vivo bone formation capability. Both the number of BMSCs seeded into β-TCP blocks and the amount of bone formation of the SPUL group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The SPUL method with a simple technique permits high cell seeding efficiency and is useful for bone tissue engineering using BMSCs and porous scaffolds.

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Baur, Florian, Arturas Katelnikovas, Simas Sakirzanovas, Ralf Petry et Thomas Jüstel. « Synthesis and Optical Properties of Li3Ba2La3(MoO4)8:Sm3+ Powders for pcLEDs ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, n^o 2 (1 février 2014) : 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-3279.

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A series of Sm3+-activated molybdates Li3Ba2(La1−xSmx)3(MoO4)8 with 0<̲x<̲1 (0% to 100% Sm3+) have been prepared by the conventional solid-state synthesis method, and their optical properties were investigated. Reflection, excitation and emission spectra were recorded and put in relation to the various [Xe]4 f 5 → [Xe]4 f 5 transitions of Sm3+. The positions of the charge transfer bands of Sm3+ and Mo6+ were resolved by Gaussian peak fitting. Emission spectra recorded at 100 K revealed the Stark sublevels of the Sm3+ energy levels. Time-dependent emission measurements of the 4G5/2 →6H9/2 transition were performed to disentangle the influence of temperature and activator concentration on the decay constants. The results are discussed in the context of the structure of the host material. Sm3+ occupies two different crystallographic sites at higher activator concentrations, which results in a bi-exponential decay curve. Temperature-dependent emission spectra were recorded to determine the thermal quenching behavior of the material. Internal and external quantum efficiencies (IQE and EQE) have been calculated. The IQE is independent of temperature, while the emission intensity strongly decreases at temperatures higher than 400 K. It is concluded that the photon escape efficiency in Li3Ba2La3(MoO4)8 correlates with temperature. An EQE of 44% was achieved for the 2% Sm3+ sample, which is comparatively high for Sm3+. Color points and luminous efficacies were calculated. The color point is independent of the Sm3+ concentration, but a blue-shift was observed with increasing temperature. This shift may be caused by lattice expansion and a subsequent decrease of spin-orbit coupling.

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Li, Feng, Yuqiao Sheng, Weizhou Hou, Padma Sampath, Daniel Byrd, Stephen Thorne et Yi Zhang. « CCL5-armed oncolytic virus augments CCR5-engineered NK cell infiltration and antitumor efficiency ». Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, n^o 1 (février 2020) : e000131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2019-000131.

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BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells have potent antitumor activities. Nevertheless, adoptive transfer therapy of NK cells has gained very limited success in patients with solid tumors as most infused NK cells remain circulating in the peripheral blood instead of entering tumor sites. Chemokines and their receptors play important roles in NK cell distribution. Enhancing chemokine receptors on immune cells to match and be driven to tumor-specific chemokines may improve the therapeutic efficacy of NK cells.MethodsThe CCR5-CCL5 axis is critical in NK cell homing to tumor sites. Thus, we analyzed CCR5 expression on NK cells from patients with cancer and healthy donors. We then upregulated CCR5 and CCL5 with lentiviruses and oncolytic viruses in NK and tumor cells, respectively. Animal experiments were also carried out to test the efficacy of the combination of oncolytic virus with NK cells.ResultsIn NK cells from patients with various solid tumors or healthy subjects, CCR5 was expressed at low levels before and after expansion in vitro. CCR5-engineered NK cells showed enhanced tumor infiltration and antitumor effects, but no complete regressions were noted in the in vivo tumor models. To further improve therapeutic efficacy, we constructed CCL5-expressing oncolytic vaccinia virus. In vitro data demonstrated that vaccinia virus can produce CCL5 in tumor cells while infectivity remained unaffected. Supernatants from tumor cells infected by CCL5-modified vaccinia virus enhanced the directional movement of CCR5-overexpressed NK cells but not green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. More importantly, NK cells were resistant to the vaccinia virus and their functions were not affected after being in contact. In vivo assays demonstrated that CCL5-expressing vaccinia virus induced a greater accumulation of NK cells within tumor lesions compared with that of the prototype virus.ConclusionEnhancement of matched chemokines and chemokine receptors is a promising method of increasing NK cell homing and therapeutic effects. Oncolytic vaccinia viruses that express specific chemokines can synergistically augment the efficacies of NK cell-based therapy.

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Bonfantini, Bertrando. « Gli scarti possibili e necessari : il Rue come progetto strategico ». TERRITORIO, n^o 57 (juin 2011) : 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2011-057009.

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Il Regolamento urbanistico edilizio non č il luogo della regola banale, ma concorre alla costruzione del progetto strategico per la cittŕ. La sua natura ‘statutaria' lo rende particolarmente sensibile alla consuetudine localmente radicata, e questo crea una tensione tra inerzia ed innovazione in un processo dagli esiti incerti, ben oltre la mera approvazione formale. L'articolo propone quattro passaggi: evidenzia il ruolo di snodo assunto dal Rue in rapporto al Psc e al Poc, ma soprattutto con i regolamenti di settore e complementi normativi di cui tenta il coordinamento; sottolinea come il Rue configuri un ‘palinsesto', nel complesso equilibrio tra regole che restano e regole nuove; si sofferma sui principali scostamenti che marcano lo scarto rispetto al passato; sostiene l'urgenza di una rinnovata efficacia del regolamento anche a costo di una temporanea minore efficienza.

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Heather, NW, PA Hargreaves, RJ Corcoran et KJ Melksham. « Dimethoate and fenthion as packing line treatments for tomatoes against Dacus tryoni (Froggatt) ». Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, n^o 3 (1987) : 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870465.

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Tomatoes were disinfested of Queensland fruit fly (Dacus tryoni) by using dimethoate or fenthion applied as sprays during grading and packing. Concentrations of 400 mg/L of either insecticide applied through a high-volume recirculatory flood system delivering 16 L/min.m2 were used to treat fruit moving at a speed of 0.5 m/min, on conveyor brushes, so that fruit was flooded for 10 s and remained fully wetted for a further 1 min. Treatment efficacies of 100% against 30 000 eggs and 30 000 larvae were obtained. The treatments were equally effective when used in conjunction with post-treatment cooling to 12.5�C for 1 week. No tainting problems were detected. Residues of dimethoate (also omethoate for selected samples) and fenthion in treated fruit were found to be less than the Australian Maximum Residue Limits for tomatoes at all times; methods for determination of fenthion and omethoate residues are described. These disinfestation treatments have advantages of automation and efficiency compared with previously proven dip treatments.

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Nootens, Thierry. « Un individu « éclaté » à la dérive sur une mer de « sens » ? » Débat 62, n^o 1 (14 avril 2009) : 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029664ar.

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Résumé Ce texte propose une réflexion historiographique et épistémologique sur le concept d’identité, dont la pénétration dans le champ des recherches historiques prend de l’ampleur. Porté par des thèses mal étayées de l’éclatement du sujet contemporain et le recul des récits structuro-marxistes, le concept d’identité prend aussi appui sur des positions constructivistes, discursives et culturelles qui valorisent à l’extrême le point de vue de l’acteur, la « fluidité » de ce dernier et le « sens » tiré de son environnement. Par ailleurs, une étude des principales définitions de l’identité fait ressortir l’application tous azimuts qui peut en être faite. Cette possibilité d’usage fourre-tout en diminue la pertinence heuristique. De surcroît, la vogue identitaire, bien souvent, marginalise les processus institutionnels, les structures et les conflits qui ont joué un rôle majeur dans l’évolution des sociétés du passé. Or, insister à outrance sur la « construction » et la « fluidité » conduit étrangement à une forme débridée d’empowerment de l’acteur, doublée d’un réductionnisme qui s’ignore, alors qu’un nouvel essentialisme identitaire vient remplacer l’objectivisme reproché aux anciennes catégories du social comme la « classe ». Enfin, s’il existe ça et là des usages efficients de la notion, lorsque l’analyse mise sur les pratiques institutionnalisées visant l’autocréation d’un groupe, le potentiel scientifique de l’identité, à tout prendre, semble assez faible, alors que des notions moins floues comme la subjectivité et la citoyenneté conservent a contrarioune efficacité heuristique supérieure.

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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Efficacité, efficience »

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