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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Effusion »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Effusion"

Bates, Davina, Natalie Yang, Michael Bailey et Rinaldo Bellomo. « Prevalence, characteristics, drainage and outcome of radiologically diagnosed pleural effusions in critically ill patients ». Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, n^o 1 (2 mars 2020) : 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2020.1.oa5.

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OBJECTIVE: Pleural effusions in the intensive care unit (ICU) are clinically important. However, there is limited information regarding effusions in such patients. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, patient characteristics, mortality, effusion duration, radiological resolution, drainage, and reaccumulation rates of pleural effusions in ICU patients. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study assessed all patients admitted to a tertiary hospital ICU from 1 January to 31 December 2015 with a chest x-ray report of pleural effusion. All chest x-ray reports were reviewed and data were combined with an established clinical ICU database. Statistical analysis of the combined dataset was performed. RESULTS: Among 2094 patients admitted to the ICU, 566 (27%) had pleural effusions diagnosed by chest x-ray. The effusion median duration was 3 days (IQR, 1–5 days). Radiologically documented clearance of the effusion occurred in 243 patients (43%) and drainage was performed in 52 patients (9%). Among patients with effusion clearance, 80 (33%) reaccumulated the effusion. Drainage was more common in patients who experienced reaccumulation (19% v 7%; P = 0.004). Overall, 89 patients (16%) died, with 20% mortality among those with reaccumulation versus 9% among patients without reaccumulation (P = 0.037). CONCLUSION: Pleural effusions are common in ICU patients and drainage is infrequent. One-third of effusions reaccumulate, even after drainage, and one in six patients with an effusion die in hospital. This information helps clinicians estimate resolution rates, advantages and disadvantages of effusion drainage, and overall prognosis.

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Desai, Vishal K., et Rashmi S. Arora. « Profile of exudative pleural effusion in the region of Bhuj people ». International Journal of Advances in Medicine 5, n^o 4 (23 juillet 2018) : 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20183147.

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Background: Exudative pleural effusions are a common diagnostic problem in clinical practice, as the list of causes is quite exhaustive, although sometimes they can be inferred from the clinical picture. In the West the most common cause is Para pneumonic effusions followed by malignancy, while in India it is tubercular effusion followed by malignant effusion. Despite the availability of various tests, there is a need for deﬁning the best diagnostic and cost-effective approach to quickly diagnose and treat exudative pleural effusions. The objectives are to conduct a clinical and etiological study of exudative pleural effusion, to evaluate biochemical proﬁle, cytological proﬁle and radiological proﬁles of exudative pleural effusion.Methods: Prospective study of 100 patients with exudative pleural effusions. The demographic data was expressed as mean±standard deviation. Comparison between groups was done by Chi-Square test and Fischer exact test for categorical variables and Kruskar-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for continuous variables.Results: There were 67 males and 33 females. The mean age was 41.6±15.74. The majority were tubercular in origin (67%),13%,8%,3%and 6% were malignant effusions, Synpneumonic effusion, pancreatic effusions and empyema respectively. Diagnosis was not established in 3% of effusions. Massive effusions were seen in 53.8% of malignant effusions and 33.3% of empyemas. Most effusions had a total cell count between 1000 to 5000 cells /mm3.Lymphocyte predominant effusions were seen in 84.6% and 89.6% of malignant and tubercular effusions. 61.5% of malignant effusions had a positive cytology. Tubercular effusion had a pleural ﬂuid ADA more than 40 IU/L. 92.3% of malignant effusion had pleural ﬂuid ADA less than 30IU.Conclusions: Pleural effusion is a commonly encountered in medical practice and in our country, the commonest cause is tuberculosis, as is evidenced from the present study. The initial step in evaluating case of pleural effusion is to establish the cause of pleural effusion which is done by a detailed history, clinical examination and investigations like a chest radiology and pleural ﬂuid analysis. Even in the advanced diagnostic approaches, still detailed clinical history and examination of the patient of the patient is important to make a clinical diagnosis. All suspected cases of pleural effusion should undergo Sonography of the thorax along with routine chest x-ray. Fluid cytology should be done to conﬁrm tuberculosis or to rule out malignancy, which guides the physician for further evaluation of the patient if required.

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Creaney, Jenette, Amanda Segal, Nola Olsen, Ian M. Dick, A. W(Bill) Musk, Steven J. Skates et Bruce W. Robinson. « Pleural Fluid Mesothelin as an Adjunct to the Diagnosis of Pleural Malignant Mesothelioma ». Disease Markers 2014 (2014) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/413946.

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Rationale. The diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM) by effusion cytology may be difficult and is currently controversial. Effusion mesothelin levels are increased in patients with MM but the clinical role of this test is uncertain.Objectives. To determine the clinical value of measuring mesothelin levels in pleural effusion supernatant to aid diagnosis of MM.Methods and Measurements. Pleural effusion samples were collected prospectively from 1331 consecutive patients. Mesothelin levels were determined by commercial ELISA in effusions and their relationship to concurrent pathology reporting and final clinical diagnosis was determined.Results. 2156 pleural effusion samples from 1331 individuals were analysed. The final clinical diagnosis was 183 MM, 436 non-MM malignancy, and 712 nonmalignant effusions. Effusion mesothelin had a sensitivity of 67% for MM at 95% specificity. Mesothelin was elevated in over 47% of MM cases in effusions obtained before definitive diagnosis of MM was established. In the setting of inconclusive effusion cytology, effusion mesothelin had a positive predictive value of 79% for MM and 94% for malignancy.Conclusions. A mesothelin-positive pleural effusion, irrespective of the identification of malignant cells, indicates the likely presence of malignancy and adds weight to the clinical rationale for further investigation to establish a malignant diagnosis.

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Monappa, Vidya, Saritha M. Reddy et Ranjini Kudva. « Hematolymphoid neoplasms in effusion cytology ». CytoJournal 15 (14 juin 2018) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_48_17.

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Background: Hematolymphoid neoplasms (HLNs) presenting as body cavity effusions are not a common finding. They may be the first manifestation of the disease. A diagnosis on effusion cytology may provide an early breakthrough for effective clinical management. Aims: Study the cytomorphology of HLNs in effusion cytology, determine common types, sites involved and uncover useful cytomorphologic clues to subclassify them. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four biopsy-proven HLN cases with malignant body cavity effusions and 8 cases suspicious for HLN on cytology but negative on biopsy are included in this study. Effusion cytology smears were reviewed for cytomorphological features: cellularity, cell size, nuclear features, accompanying cells, karyorrhexis, and mitoses. Results: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (37%) was the most common lymphoma type presenting as effusion followed by peripheral T-cell lymphoma (25%). Pleural effusion (75%) was most frequent presentation followed by peritoneal effusion (20.8%). Pericardial effusion was rare (4.1%). The common cytologic features of HLNs in effusions: high cellularity, lymphoid looking cells with nuclear enlargement, dyscohesive nature, and accompanying small lymphocytes. Mitosis and karyorrhexis were higher in high-grade HLNs when compared to low-grade HLNs. Myelomatous effusion showed plasmacytoid cells. Very large, blastoid looking cells with folded nuclei, high N: C ratio, and prominent nucleoli were seen in leukemic effusion. Conclusion: HLNs have characteristic cytomorphology and an attempt to subclassify them should be made on effusion cytology. Reactive lymphocyte-rich effusions cannot be distinguished from low-grade lymphomas based on cytomorphology alone. Ancillary tests such as immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, and/or molecular techniques may prove more useful in this regard.

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Jha, Anil Kumar, J. B. Singh et S. P. Raut. « MICROORGANISMS IN CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA WITH EFFUSION ». Journal of Nepal Medical Association 41, n^o 142 (1 janvier 2003) : 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.753.

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A total of 100 patient with otitis media effusion obtained from patients suffering fromchronic otitis media with effusions was examined for bacterial smear and culture. Inmucoid effusion 82% showed positive bacterial smear, only 35% yielded positivebacterial culture. Bacterial cultures rate was higher in serous (50%) effusion. Theisolation of common pathogens accounted for the remaining 42%. The high incidenceof microorganisms in the middle ear effusions in the present study indicates bacterialcontribution in many cases of otitis media effusion. Concerning the sterile nature ofthe middle ear fluid some investigators suggested that the effusions are transudatesand are created by a negative pressure in the tympanum due to a malfunctioningEustachian tube.2It was suggested that failure to isolate organisms may be partly dueto the antimicrobial characteristics of effusions. The purpose of this study is to showpossible role of bacteria in Middle Ear Effusions.Key Words: Otitis Media, Effusion, Microorganisms.

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Chandel, Abhimanyu, Alison Verster, Husna Rahim, Vikramjit Khangoora, Steven D. Nathan, Kareem Ahmad, Shambhu Aryal et al. « Incidence and prognostic significance of pleural effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension ». Pulmonary Circulation 11, n^o 2 (avril 2021) : 204589402110123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20458940211012366.

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It has been suggested pleural effusions may develop in right heart failure in the absence of left heart disease. The incidence and prognostic significance of pleural effusions in pulmonary arterial hypertension is uncertain. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension followed at our tertiary care center were reviewed. Survival was examined based on the subsequent development of a pleural effusion. A total of 191 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of pleural effusions on initial assessment was 7.3%. Among patients without a pleural effusion on initial imaging and at least one follow-up computerized tomography ( N = 142), pleural effusion developed in 27.5% ( N = 39) of patients. No alternative etiology of the effusion was identified in 19 (48.7%) cases and effusions deemed related to pulmonary arterial hypertension occurred at an incident rate of 38.6 cases per 1000 person-years. Of these, 14 (73.7%) were bilateral, 3 (15.8%) were right-sided, and 2 (10.5%) were left-sided. Effusion size was trace or small in 18 patients (94.7%). Development of a new pleural effusion was associated with attenuated survival in unadjusted survival analysis (HR: 3.80; 95% CI: 1.55–9.31), multivariate analysis (HR: 5.13; 95% CI: 1.86–14.16), and after the multivariate model was adjusted for concomitant pericardial effusion (HR: 4.86; 95% CI: 1.51–15.71). Negative impact on survival remained unchanged when effusions more likely related to an alternative cause were removed from analysis. In conclusion, pleural effusions can complicate pulmonary arterial hypertension in the absence of left heart disease. These effusions are frequently small in size, bilateral in location, and their presence is associated with decreased survival. Attenuated survival appears independent of the risk associated with a new pericardial effusion.

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Stenfors, Lars-Eric, et Simo Räisänen. « Quantitative analysis of the bacterial findings in otitis media ». Journal of Laryngology & ; Otology 104, n^o 10 (octobre 1990) : 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100113842.

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AbstractQualitative and quantitative bacterial analysis of 200 samples of middle ear effusions collected from patients with current otitis media was performed. When middle ear pathogens (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzaeandB. catarrhalis) where found during current acute otitis media or otitis media with effusion infection, the quantity of these bacteria was of the magnitude 106–108/ml and 0–5 × 105/ml effusion material, respectively. Mucopurulent effusion material contained 6 × 105–108bacteria per ml whereas effusion from chronically discharging ears exceeded 109bacteria per ml. Serous effusions did not harbour middle ear pathogens. The appearance of the effusion material was dependent on the number of bacteria involved. Quantification of bacteria in various middle ear effusions offers opportunities to make the diagnosis of various otitis media infections more accurate and readily comparable.

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ALEMÁN, Carmen, José ALEGRE, Jasone MONASTERIO, Rosa M. SEGURA, Lluís ARMADANS, Ana ANGLÉS, Encarna VARELA, Eva RUIZ et Tomás FERNÁNDEZ DE SEVILLA. « Association between inflammatory mediators and the fibrinolysis system in infectious pleural effusions ». Clinical Science 105, n^o 5 (1 novembre 2003) : 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20030115.

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The response of the fibrinolytic system to inflammatory mediators in empyema and complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions is still uncertain. We prospectively analysed 100 patients with pleural effusion: 25 with empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusion, 22 with tuberculous effusion, 28 with malignant effusion and 25 with transudate effusion. Inflammatory mediators, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and polymorphonuclear elastase, were measured in serum and pleural fluid. Fibrinolytic system parameters, plasminogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase PA, PA inhibitor type 1 (PAI 1) and PAI type 2 concentrations and PAI 1 activity, were quantified in plasma and pleural fluid. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare plasma and pleural values and to compare pleural values according to the aetiology of the effusion. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between fibrinolytic and inflammatory markers in pleural fluid. Significant differences were found between pleural and plasma fibrinolytic system levels. Pleural fluid exudates had higher fibrinolytic levels than transudates. Among exudates, tuberculous, empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions demonstrated higher pleural PAI levels than malignant effusions, whereas t-PA was lowest in empyema and complicated parapneumonic pleural effusions. PAI concentrations correlated with TNF-α, IL-8 and polymorphonuclear elastase when all exudative effusions were analysed, but the association was not maintained in empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions. A negative association found between t-PA and both IL-8 and polymorphonuclear elastase in exudative effusions was strongest in empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions. Blockage of fibrin clearance in empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusions was associated with both enhanced levels of PAIs and decreased levels of t-PA.

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Saliya, Maulik P., et Gurudutt S. Joshi. « Profile of children with pleural effusion in an urban tertiary care hospital ». International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, n^o 5 (23 août 2017) : 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20173799.

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Background: Management of pleural effusions depends on their origin whether exudates or transudates, simple or complicated with septations and pneumonia. A complicated effusion requires longer treatment. This study was carried out to find out types of effusion and their etiology.Methods: A Prospective study of 34 patients was analyzed for clinical and laboratory profile, origin and type of fluid, etiology of pleural effusion in pediatric patients.Results: Majority of the patients were in 6-11 years age group. Fever and cough were most common clinical symptoms in all type of effusion. Parapneumonic effusion was most common type of effusion followed by tuberculosis and empyema. Almost all exudates satisfied Lights criteria.Conclusions: Pleural effusions are mostly exudative in origin in pediatric age and are associated with consolidation and septations especially in empyema. In tubercular Pleural effusion, Sputum for AFB was positive in more number of patients as compared to CBNAAT in this study.

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Fagere, Muaz, Shawgi Elsiddig, Anass Abbas, Manar Shalabi et Asaad Babker. « Serous Effusion Cytology in Sudanese Patients ». International Journal of Biomedicine 12, n^o 1 (10 mars 2022) : 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article12(1)_oa20.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the etiology and cytological patterns of serous effusions among Sudanese patients. Methods and Results: This descriptive study was carried out in hospitals of Khartoum state in the period from February 2019 to June 2020. One hundred and seventy-eight patients “clinically and/or radiological” diagnosed as having an accumulation of serous effusions were included in this study. Smears were prepared and stained according to the conventional pap staining procedure. The majority of the study population (121[68%]) had malignant effusion (MEs), and the other group (57[32%]) - benign effusions (BEs). Among patients with MEs, breast cancer was the major etiology (75[62%]), followed by lung (23[19%]), GIT (12[9.9%]), and thyroid cancers (11[9.1%]), while among patients with BEs, parapneumonic conditions were the main factor (28[49.1%]), followed by tuberculosis (18[31.6%]) and pulmonary embolism (11[19.3%]). The majority of patients with MEs were pleural effusion (109[90.1%]), followed by peritoneal effusion (12[9.9%]), whereas no patients in this group had pericardial effusion. Pleural effusion (29[50.9%]) was also the major one among patients with BEs, followed by peritoneal (21[36.8%]) and pericardial effusions(7[3.9%]). Conclusion: Malignant serous effusion is commonly seen among patients with malignant tumors; pleural effusions presented a large proportion, especially among females with breast cancer. Thoracentesis and cytological methods (i.e., conventional smear and cell block technique) should be the first line for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions, along with confirmatory adjunct techniques such as immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Effusion"

Collins, Matthew C. J. « Casing effusion cooling ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8a7204f5-9436-4c11-b6d6-25aef0bff8f7.

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The design, modelling and testing of a film cooling system intended for the casing of an unshrouded HP turbine rotor is described in this thesis. Due to the dense network of small film cooling holes employed in such a system, this is often referred to as a casing effusion cooling scheme. Though there are patent references to such systems, there is as yet very limited published material on the aero thermal performance of such film cooling schemes. The casing of an unshrouded HP rotor is an incredibly hostile environment, witnessing the periodic passing of the HP rotor tips within close proximity at a frequency of ∼10 kHz. These blade passing events subject the casing to extremely large amplitude fluctuations of pressure and heat load, which may at first seem to preclude the use of a film cooling scheme. This thesis details many theoretical, computational and experimental advancements related to the research topic. Highlights include: The introduction of a new fundamental mechanism to the field of film cooling, the propagation and reflection of pressure waves within film cooling holes and the impact on film cooling performance. The development of new miniature thin film heat flux gauges manufactured using a new process. Sensor resolution is improved by a factor of seven. The first published computational model reporting heat transfer data on a film cooled rotor casing. Improvements to heat transfer data processing techniques and theory. These are applied to experimental work to produce the highest resolution heat transfer data obtained on the casing of a scaled rotating transonic HP rotor for both uncooled and cooled geometries. Computational models are used to demonstrate that coolant injection on the rotor casing reduces the over-tip leakage mass flow, offsetting the spoiling and mixing losses that film cooling schemes introduce. Much of the work in this thesis is based on papers that have been submitted to or are pending submission. To date three papers have been presented at conference with two published in journals and the third recommended and pending journal publication. Two other papers are pending submission. A patent has also been filed with the European and American patent office regarding novel film cooling hole shapes designed to make use of acoustic effects.

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CUNHA, M. N. PINTO DA. « IMMUNOPROFILE IN EFFUSION CYTOLOGY ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150058.

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BACKGROUND: Cytology has a crucial role for diagnosing pleural and abdominal effusions. A prompt accurate diagnosis has both prognostic and therapeutic significance. However, cell morphology alone is not always sufficient to formulate such a diagnosis. In human medicine, immunocytochemistry of effusion cytology has now standardized procedures that provide reliable insights into various diagnostic dilemmas. OBJECTIVE: To describe the method of immunocytochemistry in effusion cytology and to estimate the value of a panel of markers in identifying cells in canine and feline effusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human, feline and canine mesothelial cells were isolated in culture. Western‐blot (WB) analysis was used to ascertain antibody cross‐reactivity for all the markers, with the exception of HBME‐1. Forty‐four cytospined or smeared effusion specimens from dogs and cats with a cytological diagnosis of reactive effusion or malignancy of non‐hematopoietic origin were stained with a standard panel of Vimentin, Cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK 5/6 and HBME‐1 as mesothelial cell markers; desmin as mesothelial cell malignancy marker; and CK7/CK20 as a marker of metastasis. Malignancy was confirmed by histologic evaluation; non‐malignant conditions were confirmed by follow‐up. Sensitivities, specificities and predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: The WB analysis confirmed the specific crossreactivity of the human antibodies for canine and feline proteins in mesothelial tissue. No significant differences were found between canine and feline results. Vimentin/cytokeratin coexpression had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 92%, HBME‐1 had 89% sensitivity and 23% specificity, and CK5/6 had 26% sensitivity and 100% specificity for mesothelial cells. Desmin had only 20% specificity for benign mesothelial cells, while CK7‐/CK20+ had a specificity of 79% and sensitivity of 30% for metastatic cells on effusions. CONCLUSION: Immunocytochemistry can be applied in effusion samples, and valuable results can be obtained. The most useful marker, with the highest overall accuracy for the identification of mesothelial cells in effusion, is the Vim/CK coexpression, being CK5/6 the more specific and HBME‐1 the more sensitive antibody. Desmin is not useful for discriminating between benign and malignant mesothelial cells. The coordinate expression of CK7‐/CK20+ has not proved to be useful on the identification of metastatic cells on effusions.

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Fitzgerald, J. E. « Characterization of mucus glycoproteins in middle ear effusions from children with otitis media with effusion ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383976.

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Clive, Amelia Olga. « Management of malignant pleural effusion ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683557.

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Introduction Malignant pleural disease is a growing clinical problem and often results in substantial breathlessness for patients due to the accumulation of malignant pleural effusion. Dedicated pleural services are becoming more prevalent and a wider selection of treatment strategies are now available. This thesis evaluates a number of different aspects relating to the prognostication and treatment of patients with malignant pleural disease through a series of 4 studies. Methods The first study uses data from three, international, prospectively collected databases of patients with malignant pleural effusion to evaluate factors that predict patients' survival. From this data, the LENT prognostic score is developed and validated to assist clinicians in risk stratifying patients and thereby helping them to select appropriate treatment strategies. The second study is a systematic review of the literature, evaluating all the published randomised controlled trial (RCT) data on the management of malignant pleural effusion using network meta-analysis. These results highlight the efficacy of talc poudrage in obtaining a pleurodesis, but also emphasise the heterogeneity of the available evidence and the paucity of robust data on symptom based outcomes and adverse effects. The Zoledronic Acid (ZA) Trial is a pilot, RCT evaluating whether intravenous ZA is an effective potential treatment for MPE. In this small, diverse cohort, no significant difference was seen in the radiology, biomarkers or symptoms of the ZA group compared with those who received placebo. Finally, the SMART trial is a multi-centre RCT, evaluating the role of prophylactic radiotherapy in mesothelioma. 203 patients have been recruited to the study, which is currently in follow up and the results are awaited in winter 2015. Discussion This thesis adds to our understanding regarding the prognostication and management of patients with malignant pleural disease. The data will help to inform clinicians and future research studies regarding the optimal management of these patients

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Tasker, Andrea. « Otitis media with effusion : key factors ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1075.

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Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a disease characterised by inflammation of the middle ear and changes in middle ear mucosa from a columnar to a more secretory type epithelium, with a proliferation of goblet cells and mucus glands. There is excessive production of mucus, resulting in the accumulation of a viscous effusion in the middle ear cleft. Various factors have been implicated in the aetiology of the disease including bacteria, Eustachian tube dysfunction, allergy and craniofacial abnormalities. It has been suggested that laryngopharyngeal reflux could be an inflammatory co-factor and possible cause of many upper respiratory disorders including OME. The aims of this thesis were to examine effusions for the presence of gastric juice and were also concerned with the biochemical and rheological characterisation of effusions. Acidic proteinase (pepsin) activity measured at pH2.2 using the N-terminal assay was detected in 29% of effusions and 91% of these samples contained pepsin/pepsinogen protein at elevated levels compared to serum (using an ELISA). As other serum protein levels in effusions were of the same order as serum reference levels, the source of the activity was unlikely to be from a transudate of plasma and rather due to the reflux of gastric contents into the middle ear. The data suggests that reflux may be a primary factor in the initiation of OME in children. Middle ear effusions are mucin-rich secretions that demonstrate a lack of degradation on storage. They contained at least two distinct mucin populations, MUC5B is the major mucin and MUC5AC is present at much lower levels. MUC5B had a significant correlation with effusion specific viscosity suggesting that it is responsible for the rheological properties of the effusion. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in effusions had significant correlation with MUC5AC and it may be that MUC5AC is produced in response to IL-8 in the middle ear during the inflammatory process of glue ear. Neither IL-6 nor IL-8 levels correlated with MUC5B content. It is likely that a different stimulus or other cytokine is responsible for the regulation of MUCSB. There was a significant correlation between IL-6 and IL-8 levels in effusions demonstrating that one cytokine could stimulate the secretion of the other. Further studies developing from the work presented in this thesis would involve analysis of effusions for other components of gastric juice, such as gastric lipase and intrinsic factor, to confirm the role of reflux in OME. A study following children from the diagnosis stage through the disease course and grommet insertion for glue ear with awareness of signs and symptoms of reflux would assess the proportion of children with glue ear associated with reflux. An animal model for reflux could be set up, instilling gastric juice components into the middle ear via the nasopharynx/ET to see if an effusion develops. Effusions could be analysed for other cytokines (such as IL-10 or TNF-a) to see if levels correlate with MUC5B content.

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Hasebe, Seishi. « Organic change of effusion in the mastoid in otitis media with effusion and its relation to attic retraction ». Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150174.

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Andoh, Honoré Yobouet. « Refroidissement de paroi par effusion : Etude expérimentale ». Lyon, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAL0088.

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L'un des procédés de refroidissement des parois de chambres de combustion, lorsque celles-ci sont poreuses, consiste à les refroidir par effusion d'un gaz froid s'é1 coulant de l'extérieur vers l' intérieur. Le travail consiste à analyser l'efficacité d'un tel système. Un modèle d'écoulement à travers la paroi, basé sur une loi de type "Blasius" et résolu selon la méthode des différences finies, a été élaboré Comparé à divers modèles de la littérature, i1 a été validé par des expériences diversifiées quant à la nature du fluide et aux conditions de température et de pression. Le modèle de transferts thermiques à 1'intérieur de la paroi utilise l'équation de l'énergie et une méthode de résolution aux différences finies. Il permet d'étudier la sensibilité du phénomène aux divers paramètres. L'un d'eux, le coefficient d'échange convectif interne est prépondérant. Sa valeur est obtenue par des corrélations semi-ernpiriques issues de la bibliographie ou par une méthode expérimentale indirecte délicate à mener du fait des puissances thermiques importantes à mettre en jeu. Une modélisation simple de la couche limite, utilisant l'hypothèse d'une couche laminaire en déplacement perpendiculairement à la paroi, permet de calculer le flux thermique reçu à la paroi. Une épaisseur de couche limite de quelques centièmes de millimètres suffit à limiter considérablement le flux. Un programme de calcul global est exploité pour analyser l'efficacité du mode de refroidissement étudié lorsqu'on fait varier les paramètres essentiels ; pression amont et aval de la paroi, température des fluides chauds et froids, nature du matériaux, nature du fluide, coefficient de convection interne et épaisseur de la couche limite
One solution for the cooling of combustion chamber walls, when they are porous, consists of cooling them by effusion of a cold gas flowing from outside to inside this work aims to analyse the performance of such a system. A model of flowing throw the wall, based on a Blasius type law and solved by a finite difference method, was developed. Compared to various model found in the literature, it was applied to experiments with various fluids, operating temperatures and pressures. The model of beat transfer inside the wall uses the energy equation and a finite difference method solving. It is allows to study the sensitivity of mechanism to various parameters. One at them - the internal convective heat transfer coefficient is preponderant. Its value is obtained by semi-empirical equation given by the literature or by an indirect experimental method, difficult to carry out due to the great thermal involved. A simple modelling of the boundary layer, using the assumption of a laminar layer moving perpendicular to the wall, allows to calculate the heat flux get by the wall. A boundary layer of a few hundredth millimetres thickness is enough to considerably limit the flux. A global simulation program is used to analyse the performance of the studied cooling mode. When the main parameters vary, pressures, up-stream and down-stream to the wall, cold and hot gases temperatures, material, fluid, internal convection coefficient, boundary layer thickness

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Garske, Luke Albert. « Determinants of dyspnea associated with pleural effusion ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/122900/1/Luke_Garske_Thesis.pdf.

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Fluid accumulation between the lung and rib-cage is commonly associated with shortness of breath, and frequently requires hospitalisation and invasive surgical procedures. This program of research has contributed new knowledge which has advanced our understanding of how fluid accumulation between the lung and rib cage causes shortness of breath. A technique was refined to measure the efficiency of the breathing muscles when fluid accumulates between the lung and rib cage. A novel non-invasive therapy to improve efficiency of the breathing muscles was trialled in a patient, and may improve shortness of breath.

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Crippa, V. « CELL BLOCKS OF CANINE AND FELINE EFFUSION ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/350850.

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ABSTRACT Valentina Crippa Cell Blocks from canine and feline effusions Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a panel of markers in distinguishing mesothelial cells from metastatic adenocarcinoma cells in Cell blocks from canine and feline effusion. Methods: This study included 28 effusion specimens from dogs and cats with a cytological diagnosis of reactive effusion or malignancy of non-hematopoietic origin. Cell Blocks were stained with a standard panel of Vimentin, panCK (MNF116), CK 5/6 and HBME-1 as mesothelial cell markers; Desmin as marker of benign mesothelial cells; Claudin 4 as epithelial marker and CK7/CK20 as a marker of metastasis. Malignancy was confirmed by histologic evaluation; non-malignant conditions were confirmed by histopathology or follow up. Sensitivities, specificities, predictive values and accuracy were calculated. Results: CK5/6 demonstrated a high specificity (100%) for mesothelium. For the detection of canine and feline mesothelial cells the coexpression of panCK and VIM displayed the best sensibility (94,1%) while HBME-1 was the antibody that presented highest accuracy. Claudin 4 demonstrated a very low sensibility versus canine and feline epithelial cells. Conclusion: The most specific marker, with for the identification of mesothelial cells in canine and effusion, is the Vim/CK coexpression, being CK5/6 the most specific and HBME-1 the marker with the highest overall accuracy. Desmin is a useful marker in discriminating between benign and malignant mesothelial cells. The coordinate expression of CK7/CK20+ has not proved to be useful on the identification of metastatic cells on effusion. The study of Claudin 4 necessitate to be deepened in veterinary medicine. In conclusion, the combination of both cytology and immunohistochemistry studies can greatly enhance the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in malignant effusions.

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Wilson, Rachel. « The developmental consequences of otitis media with effusion ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273453.

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Livres sur le sujet "Effusion"

Pleural effusion. Mount Kisco, N.Y : Futura Pub. Co., 1986.

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Mercè, Jordà, et Krishan Awtar, dir. Effusion cytology. New York, NY : Demos Medical Pub., 2011.

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United States. Otitis Media Guideline Panel, dir. Otitis media with effusion in children. Rockville, Md : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1995.

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1925-, Stool Sylvan E., et Otitis Media Guideline Panel and Consortium., dir. Otitis media with effusion in children. Rockville, Maryland : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 1994.

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1925-, Stool Sylvan E., et Otitis Media Guideline Panel, dir. Otitis media with effusion in young children. Rockville, Md : U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 1994.

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United States. Otitis Media Guideline Panel. Otitis media with effusion in young children. Rockville, Md : Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1994.

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D, Meyerson Mark, Thiery Daniel et Falk Oren 1969-, dir. A great effusion of blood ? : Interpreting medieval violence. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 2004.

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Yuichi, Majima, et Hamaguchi Yukiyoshi, dir. Rheological and biochemical properties of middle ear effusion. St. Louis, Mo : Annals Pub. Co., 1986.

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Yoshihiro, Ohashi, et Nakai Yoshiaki 1934-, dir. Experimental evidence of the usefulness of clinical application of pharmacological ciliostimulatory agents in middle ear and paranasal sinus diseases. Stockholm, Sweden : Scandinavian University Press, 1997.

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1935-, Lim David J., Ohio State University. Dept. of Otolaryngology., Ohio State University. Center for Continuing Medical Education. et Deafness Research Foundation (U.S.), dir. Recent advances in otitis media : Proceedings of the fourth international symposium, June 1-4, 1987, Bal Harbour, Florida. Toronto : B.C. Decker, 1988.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Effusion"

Gooch, Jan W. « Effusion ». Dans Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 254. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4218.

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Esposito, David. « Pleural Effusion ». Dans Common Surgical Diseases, 363–67. New York, NY : Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2945-0_83.

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Côté, Etienne, Kristin A. MacDonald, Kathryn M. Meurs et Meg M. Sleeper. « Pleural Effusion ». Dans Feline Cardiology, 19–23. West Sussex, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785782.ch3.

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Eisenberg, Ronald L. « Pleural Effusion ». Dans What Radiology Residents Need to Know : Chest Radiology, 83–91. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16826-1_7.

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Guarize, Juliana, et Lorenzo Spaggiari. « Pleural Effusion ». Dans Encyclopedia of Cancer, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27841-9_4625-4.

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Varshney, J. P. « Pericardial Effusion ». Dans Electrocardiography in Veterinary Medicine, 171–75. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3699-1_14.

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Pelosi, Augusta, et Amy Koenigshof. « Pericardial Effusion ». Dans Small Animal Surgical Emergencies, 377–88. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118487181.ch40.

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Monnet, Eric. « Pericardial Effusion ». Dans Small Animal Soft Tissue Surgery, 823–33. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118997505.ch86.

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Lichtenstein, Daniel A. « Pleural Effusion ». Dans Whole Body Ultrasonography in the Critically Ill, 129–38. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05328-3_15.

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Waddell, Lori. « Pleural Effusion ». Dans Textbook of Small Animal Emergency Medicine, 285–90. Hoboken, NJ, USA : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119028994.ch45.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Effusion"

Chang, Shyy Woei, Pei-An Chiang et Wei Ling Cai. « Heat Transfer of Impinging Jet-Row Onto Trapezoidal Channel With Different Effusion and Discharge Conditions ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2020 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14042.

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Abstract The heat transfer performances of the trapezoidal channel with the impinging row jets normal to the channel apex wall with no effusion and three effusion conditions from one, two and three rows of bleeding holes along the channel apex, or, and, channel sidewalls were studied. At each effusion condition, the airflow extraction from the channel tip were regulated as full open conditions, and 0% (full close), 5%, 10% of the total airflow rate fed into the trapezoidal channel via the impinging row jets. For each effusion and discharge condition, the full-field heat transfer data over the channel apex and sidewalls were measured at channel Reynolds numbers of 5000, 7500, 10000, 12500 and 15000 using the steady-state infrared thermography method. The corresponding axial distributions of the jet mass flow rate at each effusion and discharge condition were measured at all the Reynolds numbers tested. While the crossflow and channel flow confinement significantly affected the axial distribution of the jet flow rate for the channel without effusion, the impact of effusion and discharge conditions on the distribution of the airflow rate through the row jet was negligible for the effusion channels. Without effusion, the strong crossflow effects acted with the weakened jet momentums near the sealed channel hub to substantially reduce the regional heat transfer rates. With effusion, the flow confinement formulated by the cavity-like channel hub and the crossflow developed along the test channel were significantly suppressed, leading to the even distribution of jet flow and the recovered impinging-jet heat transfer properties over the channel hub region. The preferential heat transfer performances among the present test channels with and without effusion gave rise to the channel with three rows of effusion holes. Relative to the heat transfer impacts caused by varying the row number of the effusion holes, the impacts of tip extraction were less evident; but the overall heat transfer performance was improved by reducing tip discharge. With leading-edge cooling applications to a gas turbine blade, three sets of heat transfer correlations that evaluated the regionally averaged Nusselt numbers over the channel apex and side walls with and without effusions at various tip extractions were devised.

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Rodriguez, W., M. A. Ortiz-Bonilla, F. Del Olmo-Arroyo et M. M. Rivera Agosto. « Pulmonary Effusion Lymphoma : Malignant Pleural Effusion Without a Tumor ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4865.

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Geer, J. H., et M. Tickoo. « A Complex Effusion ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6427.

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Dhanani, Z., et E. Oweis. « Mysterious Pleural Effusion ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4848.

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Fountain, E., et A. Mehta. « A Digestive Effusion ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1928.

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Battisti, Lorenzo, Roberto Fedrizzi et Giovanni Cerri. « Novel Technology for Gas Turbine Blade Effusion Cooling ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2006 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90516.

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Gas turbine combustion chambers and turbine blades require better cooling techniques to cope with the increase in operating temperatures with each new engine model. Current gas turbine inlet temperatures are approaching 2000 K. Such extreme temperatures, combined with a highly dynamic environment, result in major stress on components, especially combustion chamber and blades of the first turbine stages. A technique that has been extensively investigated is transpiration cooling, for both combustion chambers and turbine blades. Transpiration-cooled components have proved an effective way to achieve high temperatures and erosion resistance for gas turbines operating in aggressive environments, though there is a shortage of durable and proven technical solutions. Effusion cooling (full-coverage discrete hole film cooling), on the other hand, is a relatively simpler and more reliable technique offering a continuous coverage of cooling air over the component’s hot surfaces. This paper presents an innovative technology for the efficient effusion cooling of the combustor wall and turbine blades. The dedicated electroforming process used to manufacture effusive film cooling systems, called Poroform®, is illustrated. A numerical model is also presented, developed specifically for designing the distributions of the diameter and density of the holes on the cooled surface with a view to reducing the metal’s working temperature and achieving isothermal conditions for large blade areas. Numerical simulations were used to design the effusive cooling system for a first-stage gas turbine blade. The diameter, density and spacing of the holes, and the adiabatic film efficiency are discussed extensively to highlight the cooling capacity of the effusive system.

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Kumar, Aparna, DIVYA RAMARAJU et Conrad Reed. « "Stringy Effusion" - A Case Of Isolated Pleural Effusion Due To Actionmycoses ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a5700.

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Jansen, S., L. Lecheler, L. Poluschkin, D. Schwarz, JP Klußmann et J. Jordan. « Gravity and Mastoid effusion ». Dans 100 JAHRE DGHNO-KHC : WO KOMMEN WIR HER ? WO STEHEN WIR ? WO GEHEN WIR HIN ? Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728504.

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Sweidan, A. J., et M. Elnaggar. « Ventriculo-Pleural Shunt Effusion ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a2230.

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Almajthoub, Z., M. AlNabulsi, L. C. Watanabe Tejada et L. Go. « Blastomycosis Causing an Uncommon Presentation of Thoracic Lymphadenopathy, Pleural Effusions, and Pericardial Effusion ». Dans American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6879.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Effusion"

Zeng, Yulin, Liwei Wang, Hai Zhou et Yu Qi. Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles differentiating tuberculous from malignant pleural effusions : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, janvier 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0005.

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Review question / Objective: To clarify which one has a different predominance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses in malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions. We did a meta-analysis of the results published previously to assess the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines in two types of pleural effusion and evaluated its ability to distinguish TPE from MPE. Condition being studied: Malignant and tuberculous pleural effusions are the two most common types of exudative pleural effusions, both of which can be seen with the typical accumulation of lymphocytes. Immune responses mediated by either the Th1 or Th2 subset dominate, depending on different types of pleural effusion. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of all available studies to quantitatively evaluate the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in TPE and MPE, as well as to assess the potential diagnostic value of these cytokines in discriminating TPE from MPE.

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Pengilly, Paula L. Adherence to the Otitis Media with Effusion Clinical Practice Guideline By Providers in a United States Air Force Medical Treatment Facility. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, février 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1012175.

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Lin, Zhen, Mengyuan Jiang, Lirong Gao et Huachun Zhang. The clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion : A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, août 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.8.0105.

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Wang, Jingyi, Jichang Du et Muhammad Usman. Incidence and mortality of Neonatal pericardial effusion associated with central venous catheters : A meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies, case series and case reports. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review Protocols, mars 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.3.0014.

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Miao, Fang, Yaru Guo, Yan Yuan, Juzhou Chen et Yong Xin. Bevacizumab combined with pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion of lung cancer : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, avril 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0096.

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Beltsios, Eleftherios, Georgios Mavrovounis, Antonis Adamou et Nikolaos Panagiotopoulos. Talc pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusions : a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, octobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.10.0021.

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Scanlan, E. J., M. Leybourne, D. Layton-Matthews, A. Voinot et N. van Wagoner. Alkaline magmatism in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon : relationship to SEDEX mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328994.

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Several sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposits have alkaline magmatism that is temporally and spatially associated to mineralization. This report outlines interim data from a study of potential linkages between magmatism and SEDEX mineralization in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. This region is an ideal study site due to the close spatial and temporal relationships between SEDEX deposits and magmatism, particularly in the MacMillan Pass, where volcanic rocks have been drilled with mineralization at the Boundary deposit. Alkaline volcanic samples were analysed from the Anvil District, MacMillan Pass, Keno-Mayo and the Misty Creek Embayment in the Selwyn Basin to characterise volcanism and examine the relationship to mineralization. Textural and field relationships indicate a volatile-rich explosive eruptive volcanic system in the MacMillan Pass region in comparison to the Anvil District, which is typically effusive in nature. High proportions of calcite and ankerite in comparison to other minerals are present in the MacMillan system. Cathodoluminescence imaging reveals zoning and carbonate that displays different luminescent colours within the same sample, likely indicating multiple generations of carbonate precipitation. Barium contents are enriched in volcanic rocks throughout the Selwyn Basin, which is predominately hosted by hyalophane with rare barite and barytocalcite. Thallium is positively correlated with Ba, Rb, Cs, Mo, As, Sb and the calcite-chlorite-pyrite index and is negatively correlated with Cu. Anvil District samples display a trend towards depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle on a plot of Ce/Tl versus Th/Rb. Hydrothermal alteration has likely led to the removal of Tl from volcanic rocks in the region. Ongoing research involves: i) the analysis of Sr, Nd, Pb and Tl isotopes of volcanic samples; ii) differentiating magmatic from hydrothermal carbonate using O, C and Sr isotopes; iii) examining sources of Ba in the Selwyn Basin; iv) and constraining age relationships through U-Th-Pb geochronology.

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