Thèses sur le sujet « Egg donation »

This thesis derives from ethnographic research undertaken in sites of Israeli NF and egg donation between January and September 2002. The thesis begins with an examination of some features of the general context of Israeli ova donation through an analysis of a set of stories about the theft of ova and an egg shortage crisis, which emerged in the year prior to my fieldwork in Israel (2001). It then moves to an examination of NF and egg donation at a state run clinic in Jerusalem. From there I trace some new practices of transnational ova donation in three sites and sets of practices: an IVF clinic in Tel Aviv; donor trait selection at this Tel Aviv clinic; and an Israeli egg donation and extraction clinic in Romania. I trace some key features of these sites and practices. Through this analysis, I explore some of the ways in which discursive practices of Israeli . extraction, exchange, and implantation are important sites in the making of gender, religious, race and kinship relations, and are thereby implicated in the making of the Israeli nation. The study frames egg donation practices as 'national imaginaries', which are resonant with, and implicated in, the politics of (re)producing the state of Israel as Jewish and Euro-American, One element of this which is identified here has been the shift towards privatisation of health care. I document some of the features and consequences of this privatisation in the sphere of Israeli IVF and transnational ova trafficking. Conducted during a period in which political and military negotiations of Israeli borders were intense, this research examines another, but related, site of border struggles .- medically assisted reproduction.

Despite the Human Genome Project in 2000 discovering that there is no hereditary distinction between races, the naturalized bio-centric conception of race continues to pervade our society (Roberts, 2011). One such area where this happens is during the egg donation process. Egg donation is a part of the growing industry of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs), which clinics employ in the treatment of infertility. Donor agents and clinics often classify their donors using racial categories. This research project sought to discover what role race played in the egg donation process, using racial matching and neo-eugenics as its theoretical frameworks. Ten semi-structured open ended interviews were conducted with nine participants, all of whom work in the field of fertility. The study discovered that the role race plays in the egg donation process is central. Both recipients and donor agents employ racial categories in order to find an egg donor that racially matches the patient, which is the phenomenon of racial-matching. This phenomenon of race-matching is a process of neo-eugenics. Whilst many think of ‘better birth’ at the mention of the term eugenics, this study makes the argument that racial matching mimics eugenic practices of maintaining the myth of racial purity. Donor agents speak of an ‘obviousness’ of the use of racial categories, naturalizing race as biological and seemingly legitimizing hegemonic notions of the family. Yet despite the prevalent use of race, donor agents display discomfort in discussing race and employ emotional narratives that speak to the fairy tale of a supposedly racially homogeneous and heterosexual family being made as a means of deflecting possible problematic views of egg donation. The study acknowledges the socio-political issues that often underpin ARTs, which is carefully concealed by narratives of family creation and the search for wellness. The study concludes by reiterating these arguments and making mention of the need for these power dynamics surrounding race to be dismantled to achieve social justice for all.

A questionnaire based survey was done to assess the views of fertile individuals, infertile individuals, egg donors and recipients towards gamete donation. The survey showed that fertile individuals were significantly less inclined towards the use of donated eggs in research and treatment, compared to infertile individuals. Acceptability of gamete donation was found to be very high in all groups regardless of their fertility, but the majority of individuals, whether fertile or infertile, were opposed to the use of fetal and cadaveric sources of obtaining eggs. The effect of modifications of the freeze-thaw process was investigated in the mouse model. It was seen that slight modifications of the slow freeze protocol affected survival rates and that ultrarapid freezing achieved better survival rates than slow freezing. Human oocyte cryopreservation was performed using a slow freeze-rapid thaw protocol. In total, 34.4% of oocytes survived cryopreservation and these were randomly allocated for fertilisation by conventional in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Resulting embryos were spread for chromosomal analysis. ICSI significantly improved the rates of normal fertilisation (43.2% versus 2.7%) compared to IVF (P<0.001). A normal diploid karyotype was achieved by ICSI. These studies show that oocyte donation is acceptable to the majority of both fertile and infertile individuals. Further research is required to improve the methods of oocyte cryopreservation. Once the techniques of cryopreservation have been established, ICSI may successfully be applied to enhance subsequent fertilisation rates.

The main aim of this research was to explore the experience of known egg donation in order to identify the psychosocial issues involved. Previous research into known egg donation remains sparse, with the majority of studies focusing on the psychological aspects of treatment, providing largely quantitative information about the practice. In addition to the purely psychological, the current research acknowledges the importance of social factors, highlighting the psychosocial implications of known egg donation for those involved. The study took a hermeneutic phenomenological approach in an effort to understand and interpret participants’ experience of known egg donation through the use of language during interviews. The research was conducted in two distinct phases. During Phase One, semi-structured interviews were conducted with counsellors in UK licensed treatment centres and analysed using a version of thematic analysis. During Phase Two, known egg donors, recipients and the partners of recipients were interviewed in-depth and analysed using a voice-centred relational approach. Following the identification of a number of key themes, the data collected during both phases were synthesized to enable the identification of the psychosocial implications of known egg donation. The main findings highlighted the importance of negotiating relationships before, during and after the donation. Key psychosocial issues identified are: the existence of pressure (both overt and covert) within the donor-recipient relationship, defining and maintaining clear relationship boundaries, involvement of male partners, relationship changes, and a continued renegotiation of relationships in the longer-term. The psychosocial implications identified emphasise the need for counsellors to: adopt a relationally-focused approach within their work, promote the best interests of the families involved, work with all those involved in the donation throughout the donation process and beyond, encourage ongoing discussion surrounding the implications of secrecy and disclosure, and ensure consistency of psychosocial care.

With effect from 1st April 2005, UK law was amended such that gamete donors must now consent to their identity being released to their donor offspring, should they request it after the age of eighteen. This qualitative study investigates the views and experiences of those donating in this new context. Drawing primarily on twenty-four in-depth interviews with donors, supplemented by twenty staff interviews and observation in two fertility clinics, I examine how donors make sense of their role in relation to offspring, recipients and the wider community. I argue that donors make sense of their role as “biological” parents to offspring through creative reference to kinship repertoires, drawing on their own experiences of “doing family.” However, crucially, kinship connections are always qualified in some way to show that they are not quite family to donor offspring, and certainly not their “real” parent. Often this discursive work involved emphasising their relationship to recipients or the wider community (rather than offspring), framing the donation as a gift or a public act. In addition, donors drew on their kinship expertise to dilute, reshape or “re-route” their connection to offspring. Ultimately, this is a thesis about the limiting work involved in “doing kinship.” I demonstrate that donors did this limiting work in highly creative ways, not restricted to forgetting or ignoring connections. Instead, I show that not constructing kinship claims can be as active a process as making them.

Recent advances in assisted reproductive technologies have resulted in an increasing number of children born by gamete donation. Children conceived by egg donation lack a genetic link with their mother whereas children conceived by donor insemination lack a genetic link with their father. In families in which parents do not disclose their use of donated gametes, the child is unaware that their mother or their father in not their genetic parent. The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of non-disclosure, and of the absence of a genetic link between parent and child, on family functioning and child adjustment. Data were obtained from a representative sample of 36 donor insemination, 32 egg donation and 54 natural conception families when the target child was 7 years old. Standardised interview, questionnaire and observational data were obtained from mothers, fathers, children and the child?s teacher. Few differences in family functioning were found between disclosing and non-disclosing gamete donation families. Likewise, few differences emerged between gamete donation families and natural conception families. The families were found to be functioning well irrespective of whether the parents had disclosed and of whether the child lacked a genetic link with a parent. However, comparisons between donor insemination and egg donation families showed that disclosure status and family type interacted in complex ways. Contrary to predictions, disclosure was not always associated with favourable outcomes. Children in disclosing donor insemination families were rated by teachers as having fewer behavioural problems. However, observational ratings showed lower levels of positive mother-child interaction in disclosing egg donation families. The process of disclosure was also explored. In all but one disclosing family, parents had started to talk to their child about their donor conception by age 4, with disclosure typically initiated and maintained by the mother. Despite mothers? concerns, children did not appear distressed by information about their donor conception. However, interviews with the children themselves suggested that most had little understanding of their donor conception at age 7.

Thesis advisor: Diane Scott-Jones
The purpose of this study was to explore young adults' views on building their future families; methods of having children including adoption, in vitro fertilization (IVF), donor insemination, egg donation, and surrogacy; disclosure of these methods to children; and the importance of children's contact with extended family. The sample consisted of 82 Boston College students, 41 males and 41 females, with a mean age of 20.67 years. Participants completed a questionnaire and an open-ended interview. The majority of the participants expected to have a life-long partner, raise at least one child, and help their children build relationships with extended relatives. Males and females did not differ on most questions; however females reported thinking about their future families more often than did males (p = .01), and females expected to start their families earlier than did males (p = .02). Participants were more open to adoption than to assisted reproduction technology (ART). IVF was the most preferred among the methods of ART (p < .001). Participants reported they would be most likely to disclose information to their child had they used adoption or ART and were the genetic parent. Some participants emphasized the importance of disclose to a child had they used ART and were not the genetic parents; approximately one-fourth of participants affirmed that a child has a right to know. Participants reported it would be easier to answer their children's questions about adoption or ART than to initiate a discussion on these topics with their children (p < .001). The majority of participants reported that it was important to help their children build connections with extended family and they planned to accomplish this through visiting and preserving family traditions. The findings provide insight into young adults' expectations for creating their families
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program

Gamete donors are actively searched by companies dedicated to assisted reproduction in the Spanish State, and advertising is not only legal but rather common. This thesis provides an overview of the main themes that arise from the analysis of mostly visual materials used to promote ovum donation in public spaces in Barcelona, and critically links them to current debates in intersectional feminist cultural studies of technoscience, bodily theory and visual studies. Conceptual and affective tensions between characterisations of women’s bodies, reproductive function and desires are identified and brought forward in terms that imply tropes of sacralisation, reification of cells/organs/tissues, and fragmentation of the bodily reality. It is argued that egg donation advertisements use an imagery that deeply connects with practices well rooted in Western biomedical traditions when it comes to female bodies, physiology and reproductive function, and that such practices are to be understood against the backdrop of neoliberalism. The analysis supports the idea that the publicity discourse of the assisted reproduction industry in Spain actively engages in a legitimation of the desire of biological parenthood as a right, in ways that value lives conceived in different circumstances and geopolitical contexts in radically different ways, and that can be interpreted as paving the way to prosurrogacy and/or eugenic positions. Future research is encouraged and directed towards exploring issues of agency, particularly in vulnerable groups such as migrant, poor, uneducated or racialised women. Further research is needed in order to build the foundations of a feminist ethical reflection on reproductive technologies and particularly of ovum donation.

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The oocyte donation and reception program is a technique in which female gametes from a woman (donor) are donated to other woman (recipient) in order to be fertilized with the respective recipient s husband spermatozoa. The present study analyzed fourteen patients who underwent 21 cycles of egg reception by this assisted reproductive medical technique at the Reproductive Medicine Institute (RMI) of São José do Rio Preto-SP, in the period from January 1998 to December 2002. The recipients age ranged between 29 to 49 years; the mean age 40 years. Ten patients (71.5%) did not report previous gestation, therefore considered women with primary infertility. In order to perform the indications to the oocyte reception we classified five patients (35.7%) as having premature menopause, five (35.7%) as ovarian failure, three (21.5%) as physiological menopause, and one (7.1%) as unsuccessful responder to previous treatments. Only six patients (42.9%) had not undergone previous infertility treatments. In 92.9% of the patients, the assisted reproductive technique used was the Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). The number of embryos transferred per cycle was between two and four. A total of 21 cycles were performed with a rate of 52.4% of gestation per cycle and 71.5% gestation per patient. The rate of multiple gestations was 27.3%. Regarding the gestation evolutions, it was observed a rate of 36.4% of miscarriage and 63.6% of ongoing pregnancies, in which 9.1% had premature delivery, and 54.5% had full term delivery without intercurrences. The rate of home baby was 50%. The oocyte donation and reception program showed to be a successful technique, with excellent results, providing a feasible and ethic way of getting pregnant some selected patients who have otherwise been considered as having an infertility reserved diagnostic.
O programa de doação-recepção de oócítos é técnica pela qual os gametas femininos (oócitos) de uma mulher (doadora) são doados a outra (receptora) para que sejam fertilizados com espermatozóides dos respectivos maridos. Este estudo analisou quatorze pacientes submetidas a 21 ciclos de ovorecepção por técnica de reprodução medicamente assistida no Instituto de Medicina Reprodutiva (IMR) de São José do Rio Preto-SP, no período de janeiro de 1998 a dezembro de 2002. A idade das pacientes receptoras variou de 29 a 49 anos com média de 40 anos. Dez (71,5%) pacientes não referiram gestação anterior, sendo consideradas como infertilidade primária. Como indicações para realização de recepção de oócitos classificamos cinco (35,7%) pacientes como menopausa precoce, cinco (35,7%) como falência ovaríana, três (21,5%) como menopausa fisiológica e uma (7,1 %) como má respondedora. Apenas seis (42,9%) pacientes não haviam sido submetidas a tratamento anterior para infertilidade. Em 92,9% das pacientes foi utilizado a injeção intra-citoplasmática de espermatozóide (lCSl) como técnica de fertilização assistida. Foram transferidos por ciclo entre dois e quatro embriões. Dos 21 ciclos realizados obteve-se taxa de 52,4% de gestação por ciclo e de 71,5% de gestação por paciente. A taxa de gestação múltipla foi de 27,3%. Em relação à evolução das gestações observou-se taxa de abortamento de 36,4% e evolução da gestações em 63,6%, com 9,1% de parto prematuro e 54,5% gestações a termo sem íntercorrêncías. A taxa de "bebê em casa" foi de 50%. O programa de doação-recepção de oócitos mostrou-se técnica de excelentes resultados, representando uma forma viável e ética de se obter gestação em pacientes selecionadas que antes tinham diagnóstico reservado de infertilidade.

While customers are regularly asked to donate to charity at the checkout, and they regularly agree to do so, marketing research has so far been unable to understand what drives checkout donations. The thesis sought to reconcile two theories which offered opposing predictions for how making multiple choices in a row impacts donations to charity. It was found that making many choices in a row, such as those made when buying groceries, increases donations.

This thesis examines debates regarding whether women should donate oöcytes for research in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) or be paid. Payment is expected to increase the number of providers by providing an impersonal rather than personal incentive: cheaper fertility treatment or interest in the therapeutic benefits of SCNT research for a friend or family member. The contemplation of a payment system marks a shift from Titmuss’s model of altruistic donation. However, in both models the provider is disinterested in some way: by giving in the spirit of the public rather than private sphere. To shed light on these issues, I analyse empirical data collected with qualitative methods. I report findings that indicate providing oöcytes for SCNT research is unappealing for two reasons: first, ‘good eggs’ are essential to achieve one’s maternal aspirations; second the process of oöcyte extraction is perceived as requiring an extraordinary amount of physical and emotional discipline. Yet the results indicate that these issues are mitigated when oöcyte provision occurs for a personal incentive. This affective framework—the identification of a specific benefit or beneficiary—can change perceptions of effort, risk and reward. A woman may be transformed into a ‘good egg’ – a donor providing social benefit – if there are concrete, rather than abstract, dimensions to the process of scientific research. Hence, these findings indicate that connections between femininity and altruism are flexible. I also argue that the advocates of a payment model recall the figure of the citizen who ‘should’ be motivated by the spirit of the public sphere. However, for the participants in this study, payment represents an inappropriate motivation. I show that contributions to science are interested and occur in relationship between an individual, the tissue and the collective the research claims to benefit.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Kenan-Flagler Business School Marketing. " Discipline: Business Administration; Department/School: Business School, Kenan-Flagler.

Le recours à l’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP) avec tiers donneur est régi en France par les lois dites « de bioéthique » depuis 1994, qui balisent l’organisation des dons de gamètes et d’embryons en les réservant aux seuls couples hétérosexuels en âge de procréer. En raison des restrictions d’accès que pose ce cadre, et des difficultés à trouver un nombre suffisant de donneurs et donneuses pour répondre aux besoins croissants, de nombreuses personnes se tournent vers l’étranger pour bénéficier d’un don de sperme, d’ovocytes, d’embryon ou de gestation. Pour les Françaises et les Français, la Belgique représente le premier pays de destination pour le recours à une AMP transfrontières.Appréhendés dans leur globalité, les dons de gamètes et d’embryon mais aussi les dons de gestation (la gestation pour autrui) sont autant des pratiques médicales que des pratiques de parenté en tant qu’ils créent une nouvelle forme familiale : la famille issue de don. Cette thèse vise à décrire la pratique de l’engendrement avec tiers donneur, à la fois du point de vue des parents d’intention qui sont engagés dans des parcours d’AMP avec tiers donneur, et du point de vue des praticiens qui accompagnent la construction de cette parenté par le don. Pour cela une double enquête a été réalisée. Premièrement une enquête par entretiens a été menée auprès de parents d’intention ayant eu recours à une AMP avec tiers donneur, qui s’articule en trois volets ; ils permettent chacun d’éclairer respectivement le don d’ovocytes, le don de sperme à des couples de femmes, le don de gestation à des couples d’hommes, des hommes seuls ou des couples de sexe opposé. Deuxièmement une enquête ethnographique de deux ans dans un centre de procréation médicalement assistée en Belgique accueillant des ressortissants français a permis de rendre compte d’une pratique médicale d’engendrement avec tiers donneur. Dans un contexte où l’engendrement avec tiers donneur est dans une situation d’ « institution incomplète » en France comme en Belgique chacune à des titres différents, cette recherche permet d’éclairer le changement social en train de se faire à travers la question de l’institution de normes émergentes de cette nouvelle manière de faire une famille. Les résultats de l’enquête mettent en exergue le caractère processuel de l’acquisition des places de chaque protagoniste – parents d’intention, donneurs, enfant issu du don – pendant le temps de l’engendrement, qui s’étend depuis l’élaboration du projet parental jusqu’à l’après naissance ; ils rendent comptent de la façon dont des professionnels du soin accompagnent cet engendrement avec tiers donneur à travers un travail relationnel qui prend en compte l’ensemble des dimensions de l’engendrement, de sa composante biologique à la parenté, en passant par la filiation. Enfin ces pratiques médicales et de parenté doivent être replacées dans le contexte global des transformations de l’institution de la famille, ouvrant ainsi à un éclairage, par les sciences sociales, des débats bioéthiques les plus contemporains
The use of medically assisted procreation with third-party donors has been regulated in France by the so-called "bioethics" laws since 1994, which organise gamete and embryo donations by reserving them exclusively for heterosexual couples of fertile age. Because of the restricted access that this framework imposes, and the difficulties in finding a sufficient number of donors to meet the growing needs, many people turn to foreign countries to benefit from sperm, oocyte, embryo or gestation donation. For French men and women, Belgium is the first country of destination for cross-border reproductive care (CBRC).Apprehended in their globality, gamete donations and surrogacy are as much medical practices than kinship practices as they create a new family form: the donor-conceived family. This thesis aims to describe the experience of third-party donor parenthood, both from the point of view of the intended parents who are engaged in CBRC, and from of the practitioners who accompany the construction of this specific kinship. A double survey has been conducted. Firstly, qualitative interviews were conducted with intended parents who had undergone CBRC involving a third-party donor, in three cases: oocyte donation, sperm donation to female same-sex couples, and surrogacy. Secondly, a two-year ethnographic survey in a fertility centre in Belgium welcoming French patients provided information on a medical practice of third-party donor conception. In a context where donor-conceived families are in a situation of "incomplete institution" in France as in Belgium in different ways, this research sheds light on the social change that is taking place through the issue of the institution of emerging norms of this new way of making a family. The results of the survey highlight the processual nature of the acquisition of the places of each protagonist - intended parents, donors, donor-conceived children - from the elaboration of the parental project until after birth; they give an account of the way in which health care professionals accompany this donor conception, through relational work that takes into account all its dimensions, from its biological component to kinship and filiation. Finally, these medical and kinship practices must be placed in the global context of the transformations of the institution of the family, thus opening up the way for social sciences to shed light on the most contemporary bioethical debates

Orientador: Gimol Benzaquen Perosa
Banca: Eliana Goldfarb Cyrino
Banca: Mário Sérgio Vasconcelos
Resumo: Uma das preocupações atuais dos serviços de saúde diz respeito aos baixos índices de doação de sangue. Essa constatação levou os hemocentros a desenvolverem programas de conscientização, na mídia e nas escolas, partindo do pressuposto que a formação de cidadãos responsáveis pelo bemestar pessoal e coletivo se inicia na infância. Frente à necessidade de subsídios para elaboração desses programas, este projeto teve como objetivo investigar a concepção que escolares de idades e estágios cognitivos diversos têm sobre doação de sangue, a importância que atribuem ao ato de doar e receber sangue, as informações de que dispõem, quais são suas fontes de informação, assim como fantasias e sentimentos associados à doação e recepção. Para tal, 145 escolares de faixa etária dos 6, 8 e 10 anos de idade foram submetidos a provas de desenvolvimento cognitivo, responderam a uma entrevista individual, semi-estruturada, com questões norteadoras sobre os temas discutidos e tiveram que se posicionar frente a um dilema. Num segundo momento, foi pedido que elaborassem um desenho parà sensibilizar as pessoas a doarem sangue. Os resultados mostraram que, tanto na entrevista como na resolução do dilema e no desenho, a maioria das crianças associou a doação com um ato de ajuda ao outro, parecendo mostrar que, independente do recurso metodológico utilizado, os escolares relacionaram o ato de doar om os valores de generosidade e solidariedade, possivelmente influenciados elos slogans veiculados nas campanhas. Apesar das crianças com maior escolaridade, na fase de desenvolvimento formal, possuir um número significativamente maior de informações, quando comparadas com as maIs ovas, que freqüentavam o pré e a segunda série, o nível de desinformação e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: One of the actual concerns in health servlces is the low number of blood donation. This observation led hemocenters to develop awareness programs in media and at schools, once the formation of citizens responsible for the individual and collective well-being begins in childhood. Due to the necessity of information for the programs' design, the aim of this project was to investigate the idea that students from different cognitive stages and ages have about blood donation, the importance they give to the act of donating and receiving blood, the information they have on the issue and its source, as well as the fantasies and feelings related to it. Thus, 145 students aged 6, 8 and 10 years were submitted to cognitive development tests; answered to an individual sem istructured interview, with question related to the themes discussed previously, and had to solve a dilemma. On a second moment, they were asked to draw a touching picture to motivate people to donate blood. Results showed that in the three situations, interview, dilemma solving and drawing, children associated the donation with an act of helping the other, showing that, independent on the methodological source used, the act of donating was related to generosity and solidarity values, possibly because these are the most frequently used slogans in campaigns. Despite the fact that children with a higher levei of education, in formal development stage, also have a significantly higher levei of information, disinformation and misinformation was high, in the sample as a whole, if compared to the younger ones, who were at pre-primary and second year of primary school. Children from the outskirts public schools were the least informed on the issue. When trying to justify the reason why people do not onate blood, children mentioned emotional conditions, fear of pain or damage... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Orientador: Maria das Graças Gomes Villa da Silva
Banca: Márcia Valeria Zamboni Gobbi
Banca: Silvana Vieira da Silva Amorim
Banca: Marisa Martins Gama-Khalil
Banca: Nelson Viana
Resumo: Presença de Anita, de Mário Donato, é um romance ousado e erótico. Pelo teor erótico, escandalizou a sociedade da época no ano de seu lançamento (1948). Mesmo sendo uma obra chocante para os padrões vigentes, obteve um sucesso tão grande que, em 1951, fezse um filme (do diretor Ruggero Jacobbi). Também Manoel Carlos, autor de novelas, lançou sua versão em forma de minissérie no ano de 2001. A presente dissertação visa investigar as relações existentes entre erotismo e a construção do espaço em Presença de Anita (2001) para ressaltar a importância do espaço erótico na estruturação desse romance. Os autores que abordam a questão do erotismo como George Bataille em O erotismo (1957) e Michel Foucault, com a História da sexualidade (1988) analisam-na somente em relação à categoria narrativa da personagem, excluindo a análise do espaço. Os estudiosos do espaço, por sua vez, não abordam o erotismo. É o caso de Gaston Bachelard em A poética do espaço (1989) e Iuri Lotman em A estrutura do texto artístico (1978). Neste trabalho, erotismo e espaço serão estudados por meio do exame das obras citadas acima, e também por meio de autores como Osman Lins (1976); Sigmund Freud (2002) e outros.
Abstract: Presença de Anita, by Mário Donato (1915-1992), a Brazilian romanticist and prosewriter, is an audacious and erotic novel. Due to its erotic content, this text was condemned by the Brazilian society when it was published in 1948. Although it was regarded as a scandalous literature in accordance with the moral issues of that time, it became an enormous success and a film based on it was launched in 1951 by the director Ruggero Jacobbi. Manoel Carlos, a Brazilian soap-opera writer, also turned this novel into a TV series. The present dissertation aims at studying the relation between eroticism and the construction of an erotic space in Presença de Anita (2001) to emphasize the importance of that in the structure of the novel. Authors such as Georges Bataille in O erotismo (1957) and Michel Foucault in the História da sexualidade (1988) discuss eroticism with a focus only on the characters and not on the space. On the other hand, scholars that study space do not approach eroticism. As an example, we can mention Gaston Bachelard in A poética do espaço (1989) and Iuri Lotman in A estrutura do texto artístico (1978). Thus, in this study, eroticism and its relation to space are going to be analyzed in the light of the authors mentioned above along with Osman Lins (1976), Sigmund Freud (2002) among others.
Mestre

Orientador: Iris Fenner Bertani
Banca: Sinesio Grace Duarte
Banca: Elaine Fonseca Amaral da Silva
Resumo: A doação de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes está diretamente relacionada ao consentimento familiar e acontece em três momentos: o primeiro em vida nos casos de pessoas com boas condições de saúde cuja retirada não comprometa as funções vitais; o segundo momento em casos de pessoas com morte de coração parado e o terceiro momento em pessoas com morte encefálica. Este estudo teve por objetivo a busca da compreensão do significado da doação de órgãos para os familiares de potenciais doadores, com morte encefálica, que participaram da entrevista para autorização da retirada de órgãos e tecidos para transplantes, na Santa Casa de Franca. Entender a decisão da família sobre a doação de órgãos é um processo de ampla complexidade, que pressupõe ao pesquisador várias questões a serem consideradas como o atendimento que a família recebe no hospital; a experiência vivenciada durante o processo saúde doença, a experiência da perda diante da morte, a decisão sobre a doação dos órgãos, bem como a concepção do sagrado e formação religiosa. A escolha do método é de extrema importância para elucidar fatos da realidade e contribuir com o conhecimento científico. A pesquisa qualitativa foi o percurso metodológico encontrado para a realização deste estudo. Sua capacidade de aprofundar a complexidade dos acontecimentos a serem estudados, envolvendo os seres humanos em suas relações sociais propicia ao pesquisador o contato com as reais condições de vivência dos sujeitos, o seu modo de vida, suas experiências sociais, o significado atribuído à sua vivência, bem como o que pensam a respeito do objeto pesquisado. A pesquisa tem como sujeitos os familiares de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos internados na Santa Casa de Franca com o diagnóstico de morte encefálica, durante o ano de 2007 e que participaram do processo de captação de órgãos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The donation of organs and tissues for transplantation is directly related to family consent and happens in three moments: the first during life, in cases of people with good health in which the removal will not compromise the individual's vital functions; the second in cases of people who died of cardiac arrest and the third moment in people with brain death. This study aims to search for understanding the meaning of organ donation to relatives of potential donors in brain death, who attended the interview to authorize the removal of organs and tissues for transplant, at Santa Casa de Franca. Understanding the family's decision about organs donation is a process of huge complexity, in which the researcher has to consider several issues such as the care that a family receives at the hospital; the lived experience during the health-disease process, the experience of loss before death, the decision about organ donation, as well as their conception of sacred and religion education. The method choice is of extreme importance in order to clear facts of reality and also to contribute to scientific knowledge. A qualitative research was the methodological approach found to perform this study. Its ability to deepen the complexity of the facts being studied, involving human beings and their social relationships provides the researcher contact with real living conditions of the subjects, their lifestyle, social experiences, the meaning ascribed to their living, and how they feel about the target being researched. The subjects of the research are the relatives of potential organs and tissues donors hospitalized at Santa Casa de Franca with the diagnosis of brain death, during the year of 2007 and that took part in the process of organ-raising. This year, Santa Casa indicators showed that the number of relative's rejections was of 50% in relation to brain death notifications... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Maître Eckhart a donné à penser à trois grands ténors de la phénoménologie : Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida et Michel Henry. Cette présence d'un penseur médiéval, à la fois philosophe et théologien, n'est pas sans poser question dans un contexte contemporain. Une relecture de l'ensemble des occurrences eckhartiennes en phénoménologie conduit à une double constatation. D'une part, son influence est décisive et d'autre part, elle est divergente. Loin d'être anecdotique, le recours à Eckhart concerne la méthode phénoménologique elle-même. Il surgit là où le pouvoir constituant de l'ego fait problème, c'est-à-dire là où la phénoménologie husserlienne devient problématique. Cependant, les solutions apportées par Heidegger et par Henry sont antinomiques, tandis que Derrida reste dans une ambiguïté voulue. Alternative ou non-alternative : ou bien se laisser aller à la temporalité en déconstruisant l'ego, ou bien se détacher du monde pour fonder la subjectivité ; ou bien ne pas choisir entre la temporalité et l'ego. Ce conflit d'interprétations ne peut être démêlé qu'en revenant aux principes herméneutiques que le Thuringien met lui-même en oeuvre. Il en découle une ouverture de l'ego à une altérité transcendantale athématique. Parce que Maître Eckhart élabore une véritable « mystique spéculative », il est possible de penser un contrecoup théologal sur la phénoménologie de Husserl. L'approche des redoutables questions de l'intersubjectivité transcendantale s'en trouve renouvelée. Encore faut-il accepter la percée de l'ego
Meister Eckhart gave to think of three big tenors of the phenomenology: Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida and Michel Henry. This presence of a medieval thinker, at the same time a philosopher and a theologian, is not without asking question in a contemporary context. A review of all the eckhartian occurences in phenomenology led to a double observation. On one hand, his influence is decisive and on the other hand, it is divergent. Far from being trivial, the recourse to Eckhart concerns the phenomenological method itself. It appears where the constituent power of the ego makes problem, that where the husserlian phenomenology becomes problematic. However, the solutions brought by Heidegger and by Henry are paradoxical, whereas Derrida stays in a deliberate ambiguity. Alternative or non-alternative: either let go itself in the temporality by deconstructing the ego, either get loose from the world to establish the subjectivity; either do not choose between the temporality and the ego. This conflict of interpretations can be solved only by returning to the hermeneutic principles which the Thuringian operates himself. It follows itself an opening of the ego in an athematic transcendental alterity. Because Meister Eckhart develops a real « mystic speculative », it is possible to think a theologal repercussion on the phenomenology of Husserl. The approach of formidable questions of the transcendental intersubjectivity is renewed there. Still it is necessary to accept the breakthrough of the ego

碩士
明新科技大學
管理研究所碩士在職專班
106
In recent years, due to factors such as diet, the environment, life pressure and late marriage, the rate of infertility has increased. According to statistics provided by the National Health Administration of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the number of egg donation increased from 16% to 37 % between 2011 and 2016. However, there is still an imbalance between supply and demand. Fortunately, egg donation is legal in Taiwan. Therefore, understanding the knowledge, motivation, and behavior of egg donors can lead to more donations. In addition, academic research on egg donation is rare. This survey study is based on 140 questionnaires. Results show that the number one reason for donation is "it can help people." "Monetary rewards" is not an incentive. The leading factor behind women's reluctance to donate eggs is the perceived risk of donating. Religion and parental influences do not affect one’s willingness to donate eggs. Most of the survey respondents obtained egg donation information from the Internet. Therefore, this study concludes that disseminating egg-donating information through the Internet will help women gain knowledge of egg donation, and will increase their willingness to donate eggs.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Jornalismo e Comunicação apresentado à Faculdade de Letras
This paper aims to explore the experience acquired during the curricular internshipat CBRAIN - Coimbra Advanced Innovation, inserted on the Master Degree in Journalism and Communication. This sharing of experience intends to bring a discussion about the communication challenges encountered during this period of internship.This internship report focuses essentially on the activities developed in the Communication Management of a Fertility Clinic, in order to discuss the issues involved in the outline of communicative strategies in the area of Assisted Reproduction. To promote this discussion, the social and legislative contexts in the Portuguese’s Reproductive Medicine are discussed as determinants of the communicative work in this field, as well as the challenges encountered in the collaboration in a campaign to encourage oocyte donation. The aim is to understand how the Law and the developmentof new techniques in Medically Assisted Reproduction, which extend reproduction to new family contexts, can shape the communicative strategies of fertility clinics. In a final phase of the document, a practical case based on the production of campaigns to encourage the donation of oocytes is presented, in order to illustrate the communicative challenges present in this type of actions.The main goal of this work is to share an experience acquired in curricular internship with a theoretical-practical perspective that can contribute in some way to the investigation and discussion in the communication of the Assisted Reproduction in Portugal.
O presente documento tem como objetivo explorar a experiência adquirida durante o estágio curricular, englobado no plano de estudos do Mestrado em Jornalismo e Comunicação da Universidade de Coimbra, na CBRAIN – Coimbra Advanced Innovation, bem como dissertar acerca dos desafios na área da comunicação encontrados ao longo desse período.Este relatório de estágio incide, essencialmente, nas atividades desenvolvidas na Gestão de Comunicação de uma Clínica de Fertilidade, de modo a discutir as problemáticas envolventes no esboço de estratégias comunicativas na área da Procriação Medicamente Assistida. Para promover esta discussão, são abordados os contextos sociais e legislativos na Medicina de Reprodução em Portugal como condicionantes do trabalho comunicativo. O objetivo é entender de que forma a Lei e o surgimento de novas técnicas de Procriação Medicamente Assistida, que alargam a reprodução a novos contextos familiares, podem moldar as estratégias comunicativas na produção de conteúdos desta temática. Numa fase final do documento, é ainda abordado um caso prático assente na produção de campanhas de incentivo à doação de ovócitos,de forma a ilustrar os desafios comunicativos presentes neste tipo de ações.A principal meta deste trabalho é partilhar uma experiência num estágio com um olhar teórico-prático, que possa contribuir de alguma forma para a investigação e discussão sobre o trabalho comunicativo desenvolvido na comunicação da Procriação Medicamente Assistida em Portugal.

Il presente progetto di dottorato si è posto l’obiettivo di indagare il benessere dei bambini nati da gestazione per altri in famiglie composte da padri gay. Nello specifico, utilizzando una procedura multi-metodo (questionari standardizzati, interviste semi-strutturate, interazioni di gioco video-registrate) e multi-informante (genitori, bambini, insegnanti, neuropsichiatra infantile, altre figure significative), sono state indagate le quattro seguenti domande di ricerca: 1. I bambini concepiti con gestazione per altri e cresciuti in famiglie con padri gay sono a rischio di sviluppare problemi psicologici data la modalità del loro concepimento e la mancanza di una figura materna? 2. I bambini con padri gay mostrano comportamenti di genere adeguati nonostante la mancanza di una figura femminile in casa? 3. Il concepimento con gestazione per altri e l’orientamento omosessuale dei genitori influenzano la qualità dell’attaccamento dei bambini? 4. Quali sono i vissuti e i pensieri dei bambini nati con gestazione per altri nei confronti della propria gestante e della propria donatrice d’ovulo? Nel primo e nel secondo studio sono state confrontate 40 famiglie di padri gay ricorsi a gestazione per altri con 40 famiglie di madri lesbiche ricorse a donazione di seme, tutte con figli tra i 3 e i 9 anni (età media = 6.1 anni). Le famiglie con madri lesbiche sono state scelte come gruppo di controllo sia alla luce dei risultati di 40 anni di ricerche che hanno dimostrato che i bambini con madri lesbiche non presentano livelli più elevati di problemi psicologici in confronto a bambini con genitori eterosessuali, sia per controllare l’orientamento non eterosessuale dei genitori e la modalità di concepimento con procreazione medicalmente assistita. In merito al primo quesito di ricerca, i padri gay hanno riferito livelli inferiori di problemi internalizzanti dei loro figli rispetto alle madri lesbiche, sebbene in entrambi i gruppi i livelli di problemi internalizzanti fossero ben al di sotto della soglia di significatività clinica. Differenze nei livelli di problemi internalizzanti nelle due tipologie familiari non sono comunque state confermate né dalla valutazione degli insegnanti né da quella del neuropsichiatra infantile. Non sono emerse nemmeno differenze nei livelli di problemi esternalizzanti. Piuttosto, fattori associati a maggiori problemi emotivi sono emersi l’aver subito episodi di stigmatizzazione familiare, il basso reddito familiare e l’appartenere a una famiglia con due madri lesbiche; d’altra parte, il genere maschile del bambino, l’aver subito episodi di stigmatizzazione familiare e una genitorialità caratterizzata da frequente e elevata conflittualità, criticismo nei confronti del bambino e aggressività predicono problemi comportamentali nei bambini. In merito al secondo quesito di ricerca, è emerso che, indipendentemente dal tipo di famiglia, i bambini mostrano preferenze per attività di gioco più mascoline rispetto alle bambine. Inoltre, nelle famiglie di padri gay i bambini e le bambine mostrano comportamenti di gioco maggiormente stereotipati rispetto ai bambini e alle bambine con madri lesbiche. Infine, i bambini con padri gay preferiscono attività di gioco più mascoline rispetto ai bambini con madri lesbiche, mentre le bambine con padri gay preferiscono attività di gioco più femminili rispetto alle bambine con madri lesbiche. Nel terzo studio sono stati confrontati 33 figli di padri gay con 37 figli di madri lesbiche di età tra i 6 e i 12 anni (età media = 8.3 anni) rispetto alla qualità dell’attaccamento e alla modalità con cui utilizzano i propri genitori nei momenti di pericolo o turbamento (rifugio emotivo) e per allontanarsi ed esplorare l’ambiente circostante (base sicura). I risultati non hanno mostrato differenze significative tra i due gruppi rispetto alla qualità dell’attaccamento, con il 45.5% dei figli di padri gay con attaccamento sicuro, il 39.4% con attaccamento insicuro distanziante, il 12.1% con attaccamento insicuro preoccupato e il 3% con attaccamento disorientato-disorganizzato. A prescindere dalla tipologia familiare, elevati livelli di calore e responsività genitoriale, disponibilità a fungere da figura di attaccamento, bassi livelli di rifiuto e controllo genitoriale, e la più giovane età del bambino si associano a più alti livelli di sicurezza dell’attaccamento nel bambino. In entrambe le tipologie familiari il caregiver primario viene più utilizzato come rifugio emotivo, mentre il caregiver secondario viene utilizzato più come base sicura. Nel quarto studio sono stati intervistati 31 bambini di età tra i 6 e 12 anni (età media = 8.3 anni) sulla loro esperienza del concepimento. La maggior parte (n = 17, 54.8%) ha mostrato una chiara comprensione della modalità del proprio concepimento, spiegando i differenti ruoli svolti dalla gestante e dalla donatrice d’ovulo. La maggior parte di loro (n = 19, 61.3%) ha dichiarato un limitato interesse nei confronti del proprio concepimento, 11 (35.5%) hanno espresso sentimenti positivi, mentre 1 (3.2%) non era certo di cosa provasse. I bambini hanno espresso differenti sentimenti nei confronti della gestante e della donatrice: più bambini hanno espresso gratitudine verso la propria gestante, considerandola anche come una “zia”; mentre più bambini si sono dichiarati indifferenti o poco interessati alla propria donatrice, definendola “signora gentile” o semplicemente “donatrice”. Il presente progetto di ricerca è il primo a livello nazionale e uno dei primi a livello internazionale ad aver indagato empiricamente le principali obiezioni rivolte alle famiglie con padri gay che concepiscono con gestazione per altri. I risultati hanno importanti implicazioni per i chi si occupa di politiche sociali, poiché evidenziano che l’orientamento omosessuale dei genitori e il concepimento con gestazione per altri non sono di per sé predittivi di problemi psicologici nei bambini. Da un punto di vista teorico, si allineano alla letteratura sul parenting, mostrando che è la qualità dei processi familiari, e non la struttura familiare, a determinare il benessere psicologico dei bambini.