Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Electronic government information – United States »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Electronic government information – United States"
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Hernon, Peter. « Publications and Information of the United States Government in an Electronic Age ». Serials Review 12, no 2-3 (juin 1986) : 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1986.10763702.
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Chung et Kim. « A Comparative Study of Digital Government Policies, Focusing on E-Government Acts in Korea and the United States ». Electronics 8, no 11 (17 novembre 2019) : 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111362.
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The first enactment of a single national e-government act took place in Korea in 2001. Subsequently, the United States enacted its electronic government act in November 2002. Unified e-government acts in Korea and the United States have since been established and enforced for nearly two decades, and provide interesting case studies for examining the long-term influences of the e-government act on national e-government and digital government policies. The e-government act of the United States is much more comprehensive than the e-government act of Korea. The US e-government act focuses on strengthening the federal government’s ability to regulate the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)’s role in e-government implementation. The OMB has overall jurisdiction over the e-government promotion process and will continue to consult with ministries on appropriate budget support for each project. In contrast, the e-government law in Korea is based on electronic document processing as the basic viewpoint and has been downgraded to a level that supports document reduction and electronic processing of documents, rather than a comprehensive law that can support e-government projects. The comparative case study of e-government acts in Korea and the United States revealed that, from the standpoint of digital government transformation using information technology, it is most important to promote digital government policy directly from the ministry that manages the budget, or to establish a dedicated organization under the ministry to secure strong coordination while linking it with the budget.
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Carter, Lemuria, Ludwig Christian Schaupp, Jeffrey Hobbs et Ronald Campbell. « E-Government Utilization ». International Journal of Electronic Government Research 8, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2012010105.
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The implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the public sector has numerous benefits. Government administrators are aggressively seeking ways to enhance the development and implementation of more effective and efficient government services. One electronic government initiative that is growing in importance and popularity is electronic tax filing. This study explores the factors that contribute to e-file utilization. To test the proposed model a survey is administered to 152 taxpayers in the United States. Results of structural equation modeling indicate that performance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, optimism bias, perceived reputation and risk all have a significant impact on e-government usage. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Jaeger, Paul T., et Kim M. Thompson. « Social information behavior and the democratic process : Information poverty, normative behavior, and electronic government in the United States ». Library & ; Information Science Research 26, no 1 (décembre 2004) : 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2003.11.006.
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Seifert, Jeffrey, et R. Eric Petersen. « The Promise of All Things E ? Expectations and Challenges of Emergent Electronic Government ». Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 1, no 2 (2002) : 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915002100419808.
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AbstractThe ambiguous nature of electronic government (e-government) has resulted in hype and confusion, with little systematic consideration of the expectations and limitations of taking government online. This paper seeks to examine the role of e-government in the United States as an evolving process that manifests itself in three distinct sectors: government-to-government, government-to-business, and government-to-citizen. Using this typology as an organizing principle, we show how information technology has the potential to enhance government accessibility and citizen participation. We also show how the move toward a market-focused conceptualization of government information and service delivery raises the potential for blurring citizen and consumer roles, possibly at the cost of a robust, informed, and engaged citizenry.
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Barnum, George D., et Steven P. Kerchoff. « The federal depository library program electronic collection : Preserving a tradition of access to United States government information ». New Review of Academic Librarianship 6, no 1 (janvier 2000) : 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13614530009516814.
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Liang, Jun, Ying Li, Zhongan Zhang, Dongxia Shen, Jie Xu, Xu Zheng, Tong Wang, Buzhou Tang, Jianbo Lei et Jiajie Zhang. « Adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in China During the Past 10 Years : Consecutive Survey Data Analysis and Comparison of Sino-American Challenges and Experiences ». Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no 2 (18 février 2021) : e24813. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24813.
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Background The adoption rate of electronic health records (EHRs) in hospitals has become a main index to measure digitalization in medicine in each country. Objective This study summarizes and shares the experiences with EHR adoption in China and in the United States. Methods Using the 2007-2018 annual hospital survey data from the Chinese Health Information Management Association (CHIMA) and the 2008-2017 United States American Hospital Association Information Technology Supplement survey data, we compared the trends in EHR adoption rates in China and the United States. We then used the Bass model to fit these data and to analyze the modes of diffusion of EHRs in these 2 countries. Finally, using the 2007, 2010, and 2014 CHIMA and Healthcare Information and Management Systems Services survey data, we analyzed the major challenges faced by hospitals in China and the United States in developing health information technology. Results From 2007 to 2018, the average adoption rates of the sampled hospitals in China increased from 18.6% to 85.3%, compared to the increase from 9.4% to 96% in US hospitals from 2008 to 2017. The annual average adoption rates in Chinese and US hospitals were 6.1% and 9.6%, respectively. However, the annual average number of hospitals adopting EHRs was 1500 in China and 534 in the US, indicating that the former might require more effort. Both countries faced similar major challenges for hospital digitalization. Conclusions The adoption rates of hospital EHRs in China and the United States have both increased significantly in the past 10 years. The number of hospitals that adopted EHRs in China exceeded 16,000, which was 3.3 times that of the 4814 nonfederal US hospitals. This faster adoption outcome may have been a benefit of top-level design and government-led policies, particularly the inclusion of EHR adoption as an important indicator for performance evaluation and the appointment of public hospitals.
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Zayas-Cabán, Teresa, et Jonathan S. Wald. « Opportunities for the use of health information technology to support research ». JAMIA Open 3, no 3 (18 septembre 2020) : 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooaa037.
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Abstract In the last decade, expanding use of health information technology (IT) across the United States has created opportunities for use of electronic health data for health services and biomedical research, but efforts may be hampered by limited data access, data quality, and system functionality. We identify five opportunities to advance the use of health IT for health services and biomedical research, which informed a federal government-led, collaborative effort to develop a relevant policy and development agenda. In particular, the health IT infrastructure should more effectively support the use of electronic health data for research; provide adaptable technologies; incorporate relevant research-related functionality; support patient and caregiver engagement in research; and support effective integration of knowledge into practice. While not exhaustive, these represent important opportunities that the biomedical and health informatics communities can pursue to better leverage health IT and electronic health data for research.
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Peterson, Emily B., Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou, Dannielle E. Kelley et Brad Hesse. « Trust in national health information sources in the United States : comparing predictors and levels of trust across three health domains ». Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no 4 (22 mai 2019) : 978–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz066.
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Abstract Public trust in traditional sources of health information is essential for public health agencies and organizations to perform necessary public health functions. Little research has examined levels and predictors of trust in government health agencies and national health organizations. Additionally, few studies have simultaneously analyzed trust in multiple health topics. The major aim of this study was to compare levels and factors associated with trust in national health sources across three health topics: information about tobacco, electronic cigarettes, and general health. Data from two cycles of the National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey collected in 2015 and 2017 were merged and analyzed for this study (n = 5,474). A series of weighted multivariable logistic regression models calculated odds of high trust in government health agencies and health organizations for each health topic. More respondents reported high trust in health organizations than for government health agencies across all topics. More participants reported high trust in these sources tobacco information, as compared to general health or e-cigarette information. Logistic models found that those higher in information seeking confidence were more likely to report high trust across all models. Other demographic variables were inconsistent predictors of trust across topics. This study highlights inconsistent sociodemographic predictors of trust across multiple health topics and national health sources. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers should consider the unique context of specific health topics in health promotion campaigns, partner with existing community-based organizations, and encourage and enable health information seeking.
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Baxter, Davin J. « E-GOVERNANCE AND E-PARTICIPATION VIA ONLINE CITIZEN BUDGETS AND ELECTRONIC LOBBYING : Promises and Challenges ». World Affairs 180, no 4 (décembre 2017) : 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820018771137.
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Proponents of e-government, e-governance, and e-participation are particularly excited about the inclusive and empowering nature of some of their recent platforms. Critics nevertheless remain skeptical about how empowering these technologies really are and to what extent they fruitfully contribute to direct democratic processes. This essay reviews online initiatives in two areas (citizen budgets and facilitating citizen lobbying practices) intended to enhance e-participation and e-government strategies in the United States and beyond. I suggest that although clear progress has been made in the innovation of e-governance and information and communication technologies with websites like LobbyForMe and online citizen’s budget initiatives, a long road lies ahead before any notable milestone can be acknowledged in respect to full-blown e-democracy.
Thèses sur le sujet "Electronic government information – United States"
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Downing, Thomas A. « An Initial Survey and Description of How Selected United States Government Libraries, Information Centers, and Information Services Provide Public Access to Information Via the Internet ». the Library of Congress, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105137.
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The purpose of this survey is to describe how selected United States Government agencies provide information to the public via Internet services. With more than 2,000 Federal library and information centers located throughout the world this effort, of necessity, is selective and findings neither represent all libraries nor do they identify all approaches currently used to present information via the Web. An effort has been made to describe services without attributing values to particular site characteristics. This report provides a brief snapshot in time of a complex and rapidly evolving world. While not definitive in scope, it is hoped that this report will provide a baseline for anyone who may wish to revisit some of these sites in the future to determine how services may have been expanded, reduced, or refined.
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Holden, Stephen H. « Managing information technology in the federal government new policies for an information age / ». Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33134804.html.
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Rowe, Arthur T. « An analysis of electronic commerce acquisition systems : comparison of a new pure electronic purchasing and exchange system (electronic storefront) and other legacy on-line purchasing systems ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Dec%5FRowe.pdf.
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Jones, Leigh A. « Selective United States Federal Information on Historically Black Colleges and Universities : An Annotated Bibliography ». Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/279.
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The purpose of this bibliography is to serve researchers who are interested in finding information on Historically Black Colleges and Universities that is published by the United States federal government. The information that can be found by the use of this bibliography is intended to be broad in nature. Some of the information that is provided places a focus on the history of those institutions and the current needs of those schools. Other citations provided lead to information concerning the research that is taking place at those colleges and universities. Finally, information on federally funded programs that are geared towards increasing minority involvement in certain fields, professions and research are also included. The bibliography is selective in nature.
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Sandberg, Adam. « Government Transparency in Sweden and the United States : Evading Accountability Through Modern Technology ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203497.
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During the last decade, a number of U.S. government officials have been using modern technology, such as personal email accounts and computers, to evade certain transparency legislation. Similar tendencies of strategic evasiveness can also be identified in Sweden. By comparing U.S. and Swedish history, legislation, and specific modern examples, I reach the conclusion that with regards to governmental accountability, modern technology presents both positive and negative aspects. While modern technology gives government officials a way of preventing sensitive or embarrassing information to be released, or otherwise further a hidden political agenda, it also provides private organizations and individuals with various ways of keeping government accountable. In order to minimize the negative effects, issues such as incentive structures, technological boundaries, court review, and the general scope of government need to be considered.
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Dietrich-Campbell, Bruce John. « Two topics in Finance : 1. Welfare aspects of an asymmetric information rational expectations model : 2. Bond option pricing, empirical evidence ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25565.
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In part 1 of this study I examine several models of competitive markets in which a group of uninformed traders uses the equilibrium price of a traded asset as an indirect source of information known to a group of informed traders. Four different models are compared in two homogeneous information cases plus one asymmetric information case, revealing a) an allocative efficiency benefit resulting from the opportunity to trade current consumption for future consumption, b) a 'dealer' benefit accruing to traders who are able to observe and act on demand fluctuations not apparent to other traders, c) a 'hedging' benefit accruing to all traders, and d) a loss of hedging benefits due to information dissemination before hedge trading can take place. The effect of an increase in precision of information given to informed traders is calculated for the above factors and for net welfare.
In part 2, a two-factor model using the instantaneous rate of interest and the return on a consol bond to describe the term structure of interest rates - the Brennan-Schwartz model - is used to derive theoretical prices for American call and put options on U.S. government bonds and treasury bills. These model prices are then compared with market prices. The theoretical model used to value the debt options also provides hedge ratios which may be used to construct zero-investment portfolios which, in theory, are perfectly riskless. Several trading strategies based on these 'riskless' portfolios are examined.Business, Sauder School of
Graduate
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Armistead, Edwin L. « Adapting information operations to a changing world : Future options for the United States government ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1610.
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In 1998, the Department of Defense in the United States released the first of a series of seminal policies on Information Operations (IO). Entitled Joint Publication 3-13, this instruction laid out for the first time, in an unclassified format, how the American military forces could utilise this particular element of power. As a relative newly defined activity, this publication proposed to revolutionise the manner in which warfare, diplomacy, business and a number of other areas are conducted. However, this radical transformation in the United States government with regard to IQ has not occurred over the last decade and a significant gap exists in the capability of the federal bureaucracy to support operations in this arena. While strategic policy and doctrine have been developed and promulgated, in most cases only by the Department of Defense, the actual conduct of IO activities and campaigns across the United States, are normally performed at a much more tactical level. This delta between theory and reality exists because the interagency organisations are often unwilling or unable to make the transformational changes that are needed to best utilise information as an element of power. In this research, the author has developed definitions and models that articulate not only why this delta exists, but also specific strategies for utilising IO in a manner by the United States federal organisations that best optimises the inherent capabilities of this element of power. Specific recommendations are noted below, and will be laid out in greater detail throughout the paper : Develop an Academic Theoretical Construct for IO; Understand that Different Approaches and Processes are Needed to Support IO; Establish an International IO Standards Effort & Meeting the IO Training Needs.
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Chavis, James T. Cheatham James Gonzalez Vaughn Ibanez Rolando Nalwasky Richard Rios Martin Turner Marco A. « Examination of the Open Market Corridor / ». Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FChavis%5FMBA.pdf.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003."MBA professional report"--Cover. Joint authors: James Cheatham, Vaughn Gonzalez 2nd, Rolando Ibanez, Richard Nalwasky, Martin Rios, Marco A. Turner. Thesis advisor(s): Ron Tudor, Rod Tudor. Includes bibliographical references (p. 227-237). Also available online.
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Wallez, Philippe. « Local and regional information in the age of electronic media : a comparative study (United States - France) ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0557.
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La concurrence est en voie d’extinction dans l’industrie de la Presse Quotidienne Régionale en France et des grands journaux « metropolitan » des Etats-Unis. La concurrence est un débat économique et sociétal récurrent dès qu’il s’agit de médias. La pluralité des voix est considérée à tort ou à raison comme un des piliers de la démocratie représentative. Elle est protégée par des lois en France et aux Etats-Unis visant à réguler la concentration. Force est de constater que ces textes restent sans efficacité sur le terrain. Les économistes sont partagés quant à l’effet de la concentration sur les affaires. Certains soulignent une baisse du lectorat//audience dans les départements en situation de monopole. La corrélation dominante cause/effet n’a jamais été prouvée, dans la mesure où le déclin de la presse a d’autres raisons. Les partisans de la concentration avancent les avantages financiers de cette situation, principalement des économies d’échelle et la possibilité de fixer les prix hors de la réalité d’un marché concurrentiel. Mais cette époque est révolue. Notre sujet est pourtant pionnier au sens où la concurrence redevient la règle sur le marché de le publicité numérique et également des «informations ». Des starts-up se multiplient aux Etats-Unis défiant les groupes historiques dans une compétition certes encore très asymétrique, La France semble toujours en retard quant à cette émergence d’entrepreneurs régionaux. A travers des études de cas, nous tenterons de prouver que la concurrence marketing et éditoriale a encore un effet dopant sur les ventes « papier » (compétition Ouest-France et Télégramme ou sur Chicago à moindre échelle)Due to concentration, in the United States and France, competition is about to be eradicated in the local and metropolitan newspaper industry. Some scholars regret the lack of pluralism which is historically the function of the press in a representative democracy. Pluralism is highly regulated by the states, but laws could not prevent concentration. Economists are divided about the impact of concentration regarding business. Some point out that circulation has dropped in newly monopolistic areas. But they do not provide the undoubtedly proof of a correlation between those two facts. Economies of scale and financial benefits (price-fixing) of a monopolistic position may justify concentration on an economic level. Some companies have enjoyed double-digit profit while in a monopolistic position. But this time is over. The emergence of the Internet has generated a highly competitive market regarding advertising and news business. Our topic is thus not lamenting the good old days of competition, but it is pioneering. In the United States, many start-ups, mostly non-profit, challenge the legacy regional and metropolitan newsgroups the same way that already big groups do nationwide, such as Buzzfeed or Quartz or Vox. Entrepreneurs, in a Schumpeterian meaning, strive to replace stagecoach owners and build the railways of the future. The trend is much less clear in the French case.Our research wants to assert that marketing and full editorial competition still boosts circulation and business (Brittany in France) and is an unavoidable rendezvous for the legacy groups in the digital news era because they are forced to abandon the corporate culture of the past
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Clauss, Michael Eric. « Creating truth : the Committee on Public Information and the growth of government propaganda in the United States / ». Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020228/.
Texte intégralLivres sur le sujet "Electronic government information – United States"
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1949-, Herman Edward, dir. Locating United States government information. Buffalo, N.Y : W.S. Hein, 1999.
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Peter, Hernon, dir. United States government information : Policies and sources. Westport, Conn : Libraries Unlimited, 2002.
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Hattis, Shana Hertz. The United States government internet directory. 2e éd. Lanham, Md : Bernan Press, 2014.
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Hattis, Shana Hertz. The United States government internet directory 2012. Lanham, Md : Bernan Press, 2012.
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Press, Bernan, dir. The United States government internet directory. 2e éd. Lanham, Md : Bernan Press, 2015.
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Herman, Edward. Locating United States government information : A guide to sources. 2e éd. Buffalo, N.Y : W.S. Hein, 1997.
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The United States government Internet manual 2007. Lanham, MD : Bernan Press, 2007.
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United States. Government Information Technology Services Working Group. Customer Service Improvement Team et National Performance Review (U.S.), dir. The kiosk network solution : An electronic gateway to government service. [Washington, D.C. ? : Vice President of the U.S., 1995.
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Social media use in the federal government. Hauppauge, N.Y : Nova Science Publishers, 2012.
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1957-, Morrison Andrea Marie, et American Library Association. Government Documents Round Table., dir. Managing electronic government information in libraries : Issues and practices. Chicago : American Library Association, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Electronic government information – United States"
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Herrnson, Paul S., Richard G. Niemi, Michael J. Hanmer, Benjamin B. Bederson, Frederick G. Conrad et Michael W. Traugott. « The Current State of Electronic Voting in the United States ». Dans Digital Government, 157–80. Boston, MA : Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-71611-4_9.
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Tourgaidis, Dimitrios, et Alexandros Karakasidis. « Event-Centric Microservices for E-states ». Dans Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 78–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58957-8_6.
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da Silva Cruz, Walter Gonçalino, Cristiano Maciel, Fernando B. M. de Castilho et Natalina Namie Hirata Girata. « A Method of Inspecting and Applying Open Government Data in the Auditing Courts of Brazilian States ». Dans Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, 261–75. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44159-7_19.
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Pilling, Doria. « Adoption of E-government by Disadvantaged Groups in the United States and the United Kingdom ». Dans Integrated Series in Information Systems, 201–20. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6536-3_10.
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Wang, Bo, Jiwen Wen et Jia Zheng. « Research on Assessment and Comparison of the Forestry Open Government Data Quality Between China and the United States ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 370–85. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2810-1_36.
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Luna-Reyes, Luis F., Theresa A. Pardo, J. Ramon Gil-Garcia, Celene Navarrete, Jing Zhang et Sehl Mellouli. « Digital Government in North America : A Comparative Analysis of Policy and Program Priorities in Canada, Mexico, and the United States ». Dans Integrated Series in Information Systems, 139–60. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6536-3_7.
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Feldman, Eric A., et Erin Quick. « Genetic Discrimination in the United States : What State and National Government Are Doing to Protect Personal Information ». Dans Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 331–54. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43699-5_15.
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Chen, Yining, H. M. Chen, Russell K. H. Ching et Wayne W. Huang. « Electronic Government Implementation ». Dans E-Government Diffusion, Policy, and Impact, 89–105. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-130-8.ch006.
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Over the last decade, the Internet has become one of the most important means of communication in all social areas. The success of Web technology adoption in the private sector has put pressures on the public sector to adopt the Internet to present information and service resources. The concept of creating more efficient and convenient interaction between government and the interacting parties using Internet technology is referred to as electronic government (or digital government). Recent studies have shown an increase in the adoption of electronic government by various countries (Archer, 2005; I-Ways, 2005; Janssen et al. 2004). Nevertheless, the level of implementation diverges from country to country. This study identifies critical success factors of electronic government and proposes an implementation framework. This chapter presents an extensive case study to illustrate how the proposed framework can be used to analyze electronic government strategies in a developed country (United States) and a developing country (China). In conclusion, recommendations are made to developed and developing countries for their implementation of electronic government.
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Auh, Seongyeon, Stuart W. Shulman, Lisa E. Thrane et Mack C. Shelley II. « Beyond the Digital Divide ». Dans Electronic Services, 1646–67. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch101.
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An essential, and rapidly-developing, aspect of electronic government is the growing use of online resources for government activities such as e-rulemaking, citizen participation, and the provision of information, referral, and assistance for users with needs for service delivery. Major developments in the use of electronic government resources for services needed by the elder and disability populations are the primary focus of this chapter. We focus here on the results of a large-scale statewide survey of residents of the state of Iowa, and on the findings from evaluations of aging and disability resource Websites in the United States and in other countries. Current and future trends in service delivery that may help to bridge digital divides for the elder and disability populations are discussed.
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Jensen, Michael J. « Electronic Democracy and Citizen Influence in Government ». Dans Handbook of Research on Strategies for Local E-Government Adoption and Implementation, 288–305. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-282-4.ch015.
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This chapter analyzes the “impact” of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on local government officials’ policy decision-making. Specifically, this chapter answers to what extent they use the Internet to communicate and obtain information and to what extent do their online interactions with “citizens” influence their policy decisions. A national sample of elected local government officials from the United States were surveyed regarding their ICT use and their interactions with stakeholders. The principal findings of the chapter are that, while officials are making extensive use of ICTs to communicate with actors and obtain information, citizens have more influence on policy decisions via offline media.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Electronic government information – United States"
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Silvestru, Ramona camelia, Lavinia Nemes et Catalin ionut Silvestru. « CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN KNOWLEDGE SHARING IN E-LEARNING PROGRAMS FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ». Dans eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-212.
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The G20 Moscow summit from 2013 highlighted the fact that human resource development remained a major priority for developing countries, especially low-income countries, with important impact on the priorities of other low income countries. When discussing about the current global economic development, about increasing economic competitiveness and reducing economic risks of global crises, we take also into consideration the role that governments and their staff can play in ensuring the adequate implementation of the various policy measures. In order for the government staff to perform at high levels of competence both in high and low income countries, especially in G20 members (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States of America plus the European Union member states), we consider that continuous education / lifelong learning would be crucial in providing an enabling environment, with e-learning holding a key position, as it enables people, civil servants to deal with future challenges raised by knowledge and information society. In the framework of the technological, normative and procedural evolutions that influence how the staff from public administrations works and possible openness towards e-learning programs, while aware of the various pedagogic, administrative and economic factors that provide incentives as well as drawbacks in using e-learning in providing training to civil servants, we are interested in analyzing e-learning programs developed and used for public administration staff from several G20 states. Our analysis will be focused on assessing the dimensions of the e-learning systems, variety of courses via e-learning platforms, methodologies used in e-learning, possible limitations and challenges in providing e-learning programs to civil servants in several G20 states. The analysis will be conducted using public information available from national agencies with responsibilities in providing such trainings in various G20 states. Our recommendations are oriented towards stimulating the development of an enabling environment for improving inter-agencies and ministerial coordination by intervening at the levels of human resources from the government levels. In this respect, we promote a wider usage of electronic means in lifelong learning for the staff from public administrations and the sharing of information by electronic means aimed at ensuring further human resource development from the public administration. Moreover, we strongly consider that continuous human resource development in the public administration apparatus from the G20 states and knowledge sharing would provide adequate framework for ensuring that government priorities and policy coordination in order to achieve global economic stability, sustainable growth could be achieved, while also contributing to the development of knowledge and information society and economy.
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Upshall, Ian. « The British Radwaste Information Management System (BRIMS) ». Dans ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4808.
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The creation and subsequent access to accurate information is widely accepted as a vital component of a national radioactive waste management strategy. Information on the origin and quantity of the waste together with its physical, chemical and radiological characteristics provides a catalyst for sound and transparent decision making. This information will originate from a number of potentially disparate sources, including material manufacturers, facility operators, waste producers, Government and Non-Government organisations and regulators. The challenge to those with a role in information management in further increased by the fact that much of the information created is required to support activities, not only in the immediate future, but also in the longer-term — typically many decades or even centuries. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has published a number of guidance documents under the Safety Series, one of which makes direct reference to information management. The document [1] is intended to assist Member States in the development of a national system for radioactive waste management and identifies the key responsibilities and essential features of such a system. The following statement appears in Section 5: “The regulatory body, the waste generators and the operators of radioactive waste management facilities should maintain documentation and records consistent with the legal requirements and their own needs.” An essential requirement of these ‘documents and records’ is that they should be “...kept in a condition that will enable them to be consulted and understood later by people different from, and possibly without reference to, those who generated the records ...” The scope of the documentation and records to be kept will be wide ranging but will include “...an inventory of radioactive waste, including origin, location, physical and chemical characteristics, and, as appropriate a record of radioactive waste removed or discharged from a facility”, and “site plans, engineering drawings, specifications and process descriptions ... radioactive waste package identification ...”. It is has long been recognised in the United Kingdom that the management of radioactive waste will require the assembly and secure retention of a diversity of records and data. This information will be needed to inform the strategic decision making process, thus contributing to the future safe, environmentally sound and publicly acceptable management of radioactive waste. In the meantime it will also service the nation’s international commitments. When the planning application for a Rock Characterisation Facility (RCF) was refused and the subsequent Nirex appeal rejected in 1997, it was recognised that transfer of waste to a national repository was ulikely to take place for many decades. The long-term preservation of information by the waste management organisations thus became an issue. Since this time, the UK nuclear industry, including the waste producers, regulators and other Government Departments have worked together to develop a common information management system that is now being implemented. It is based on an Oracle database and is supported by ‘electronic tools’ designed to facilitate entry and retrieval of data in a common format. Long-term access to these data underpins many aspects of the system design. Designing such a system and seeing through its development has been a challenge for all those involved. However, as the project nears the completion of the development phase, it is clear there are several benefits in this approach. These include a sharing of best practice, shared development costs, an improved understanding of the needs of all parties, and the use of a common platform and tools. The ‘partnership approach’ between waste management organisations, Government departments and regulators will also reduce the likelihood of future surprises or conflicts of interest. Industry-wide co-operation also provides a greater degree of confidence that the system will continue to enjoy technical and financial support for the foreseeable future. The British Radwaste Information Management System (BRIMS) is supported by the principal waste producers, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), the Nuclear Installations Inspectorate (NII) and United Kingdom Nirex Limited (Nirex). All organisations that have participated in its development over the past seven years have free access to it and may use it as part of their waste management strategy.
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Kieba, Max, Massoud Tahamtani, Shane Ayers, Herb Wilhite et Rick Pevarski. « Virginia Pilot Project for Incorporating GPS Technology to Enhance One-Call Damage Prevention ». Dans 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64058.
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Excavation continues to be a leading cause of damage to underground facilities in the United States. Excavation damage was cited as the cause in 20% of the significant pipeline incidents in 2007. Effective damage prevention programs are necessary to protect underground facilities and to ensure public health and safety, environmental protection and continuity of vital services. Central to all damage prevention efforts is effective communication of accurate and timely information among excavators, one-call centers and underground facility operators. In 2005, the Commonwealth of Virginia, federal government, industry and other key stakeholders in the U.S. initiated a pilot project to enhance the one-call damage prevention process through the use of global positioning system (GPS) technology. Virginia was chosen as the location for the Project due to its mature, active and inclusive damage prevention program. Additionally, coincident with the implementation of the Pilot Project, Virginia’s one-call center developed and implemented enhanced mapping capabilities that complemented the Project technology. Certainly, the potential for application of the technology in all states was a driving consideration throughout the Project. Phase I of the Virginia Pilot Project, completed in December 2007, focused on improving the locational accuracy of facility locate requests submitted by excavators to the one-call center. This was achieved by the development and use of electronic white-lining. The Project Team combined existing cell phone, Internet and GPS receiver technologies with the development of specific software applications and enhanced one-call processes. Project data indicate significant improvements were achieved in one-call process costs and efficiencies. These improvements enhance the benefits of such programs to all stakeholders and significantly improve underground facility safety. This paper describes the results from Phase I and the minimum requirements for implementing the technology. The results will be shared and promoted nationwide to encourage other one-call centers to consider incorporating the processes. The paper also describes the status of subsequent, related phases of the Pilot Project. Phase II will involve the application of GPS technology to locating instruments and the development of electronic locator manifests. Phase III will involve the integration of GPS and mapping technologies on excavating equipment. Finally, the paper describes the relevance to other damage prevention programs in the U.S. and other countries.
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Makarov, Anton, et Andrey Shabunin. « Unified Design Methodology for State Information Systems ». Dans V International Scientific Workshop on Modeling, Information Processing and Computing. CEUR-WS.org, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/dnit-mip5/2022-3091-81-86.
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The development of state information systems, state electronic services, and electronic government systems require special approaches. However, at present, the requirements for the design notation of domestic state software are not defined and fixed. In the established practice, in the development of state software projects with a certain specificity and increased social significance, already existing technological solutions used in the private business are applied to the state information systems for various state departments of the Russian Federation. For the design of the state information systems and state e-services, it is suggested to use the unified methodology proposed by the authors, which includes subjects and objects, actions and processes, administrative restrictions, the IDEF0 standard, workflow class notation, the UML standard. The use of the proposed unified design methodology significantly structures, unifies and simplifies state software development. The advantages of using the proposed approach are illustrated in the implemented project to create a domestic customs inspection system.
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Al-Qirim, Nabeel A. « Electronic Government in the Emirate of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates ». Dans 2008 International Conference on Innovations in Information Technology (IIT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/innovations.2008.4781712.
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A. Buzzetto-Hollywood, Nicole, Austin J. Hill et Troy Banks. « Early Findings of a Study Exploring the Social Media, Political and Cultural Awareness, and Civic Activism of Gen Z Students in the Mid-Atlantic United States [Abstract] ». Dans InSITE 2021 : Informing Science + IT Education Conferences. Informing Science Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4762.
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Aim/Purpose: This paper provides the results of the preliminary analysis of the findings of an ongoing study that seeks to examine the social media use, cultural and political awareness, civic engagement, issue prioritization, and social activism of Gen Z students enrolled at four different institutional types located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The aim of this study is to look at the group as a whole as well as compare findings across populations. The institutional types under consideration include a mid-sized majority serving or otherwise referred to as a traditionally white institution (TWI) located in a small coastal city on the Atlantic Ocean, a small Historically Black University (HBCU) located in a rural area, a large community college located in a county that is a mixture of rural and suburban and which sits on the border of Maryland and Pennsylvania, and graduating high school students enrolled in career and technical education (CTE) programs in a large urban area. This exploration is purposed to examine the behaviors and expectations of Gen Z students within a representative American region during a time of tremendous turmoil and civil unrest in the United States. Background: Over 74 million strong, Gen Z makes up almost one-quarter of the U.S. population. They already outnumber any current living generation and are the first true digital natives. Born after 1996 and through 2012, they are known for their short attention spans and heightened ability to multi-task. Raised in the age of the smart phone, they have been tethered to digital devices from a young age with most having the preponderance of their childhood milestones commemorated online. Often called Zoomers, they are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation and are on track to be the most well-educated generation in history. Gen Zers in the United States have been found in the research to be progressive and pro-government and viewing increasing racial and ethnic diversity as positive change. Finally, they are less likely to hold xenophobic beliefs such as the notion of American exceptionalism and superiority that have been popular with by prior generations. The United States has been in a period of social and civil unrest in recent years with concerns over systematic racism, rampant inequalities, political polarization, xenophobia, police violence, sexual assault and harassment, and the growing epidemic of gun violence. Anxieties stirred by the COVID-19 pandemic further compounded these issues resulting in a powder keg explosion occurring throughout the summer of 2020 and leading well into 2021. As a result, the United States has deteriorated significantly in the Civil Unrest Index falling from 91st to 34th. The vitriol, polarization, protests, murders, and shootings have all occurred during Gen Z’s formative years, and the limited research available indicates that it has shaped their values and political views. Methodology: The Mid-Atlantic region is a portion of the United States that exists as the overlap between the northeastern and southeastern portions of the country. It includes the nation’s capital, as well as large urban centers, small cities, suburbs, and rural enclaves. It is one of the most socially, economically, racially, and culturally diverse parts of the United States and is often referred to as the “typically American region.” An electronic survey was administered to students from 2019 through 2021 attending a high school dual enrollment program, a minority serving institution, a majority serving institution, and a community college all located within the larger mid-Atlantic region. The survey included a combination of multiple response, Likert scaled, dichotomous, open ended, and ordinal questions. It was developed in the Survey Monkey system and reviewed by several content and methodological experts in order to examine bias, vagueness, or potential semantic problems. Finally, the survey was pilot tested prior to implementation in order to explore the efficacy of the research methodology. It was then modified accordingly prior to widespread distribution to potential participants. The surveys were administered to students enrolled in classes taught by the authors all of whom are educators. Participation was voluntary, optional, and anonymous. Over 800 individuals completed the survey with just over 700 usable results, after partial completes and the responses of individuals outside of the 18-24 age range were removed. Findings: Participants in this study overwhelmingly were users of social media. In descending order, YouTube, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, WhatsApp, LinkedIn and Tik Tok were the most popular social media services reported as being used. When volume of use was considered, Instagram, Snapchat, YouTube and Twitter were the most cited with most participants reporting using Instagram and Snapchat multiple times a day. When asked to select which social media service they would use if forced to choose just one, the number one choice was YouTube followed by Instagram and Snapchat. Additionally, more than half of participants responded that they have uploaded a video to a video sharing site such as YouTube or Tik Tok. When asked about their familiarity with different technologies, participants overwhelmingly responded that they are “very familiar” with smart phones, searching the Web, social media, and email. About half the respondents said that they were “very familiar” with common computer applications such as the Microsoft Office Suite or Google Suite with another third saying that they were “somewhat familiar.” When asked about Learning Management Systems (LMS) like Blackboard, Course Compass, Canvas, Edmodo, Moodle, Course Sites, Google Classroom, Mindtap, Schoology, Absorb, D2L, itslearning, Otus, PowerSchool, or WizIQ, only 43% said they were “very familiar” with 31% responding that they were “somewhat familiar.” Finally, about half the students were either “very” or “somewhat” familiar with operating systems such as Windows. A few preferences with respect to technology in the teaching and learning process were explored in the survey. Most students (85%) responded that they want course announcements and reminders sent to their phones, 76% expect their courses to incorporate the use of technology, 71% want their courses to have course websites, and 71% said that they would rather watch a video than read a book chapter. When asked to consider the future, over 81% or respondents reported that technology will play a major role in their future career. Most participants considered themselves “informed” or “well informed” about current events although few considered themselves “very informed” or “well informed” about politics. When asked how they get their news, the most common forum reported for getting news and information about current events and politics was social media with 81% of respondents reporting. Gen Z is known to be an engaged generation and the participants in this study were not an exception. As such, it came as no surprise to discover that, in the past year more than 78% of respondents had educated friends or family about an important social or political issue, about half (48%) had donated to a cause of importance to them, more than a quarter (26%) had participated in a march or rally, and a quarter (26%) had actively boycotted a product or company. Further, about 37% consider themselves to be a social activist with another 41% responding that aren’t sure if they would consider themselves an activist and only 22% saying that they would not consider themselves an activist. When asked what issues were important to them, the most frequently cited were Black Lives Matter (75%), human trafficking (68%), sexual assault/harassment/Me Too (66.49%), gun violence (65.82%), women’s rights (65.15%), climate change (55.4%), immigration reform/deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA) (48.8%), and LGBTQ+ rights (47.39%). When the schools were compared, there were only minor differences in social media use with the high school students indicating slightly more use of Tik Tok than the other participants. All groups were virtually equal when it came to how informed they perceived themselves about current events and politics. Consensus among groups existed with respect to how they get their news, and the community college and high school students were slightly more likely to have participated in a march, protest, or rally in the last 12 months than the university students. The community college and high school students were also slightly more likely to consider themselves social activists than the participants from either of the universities. When the importance of the issues was considered, significant differences based on institutional type were noted. Black Lives Matter (BLM) was identified as important by the largest portion of students attending the HBCU followed by the community college students and high school students. Less than half of the students attending the TWI considered BLM an important issue. Human trafficking was cited as important by a higher percentage of students attending the HBCU and urban high school than at the suburban and rural community college or the TWI. Sexual assault was considered important by the majority of students at all the schools with the percentage a bit smaller from the majority serving institution. About two thirds of the students at the high school, community college, and HBCU considered gun violence important versus about half the students at the majority serving institution. Women’s rights were reported as being important by more of the high school and HBCU participants than the community college or TWI. Climate change was considered important by about half the students at all schools with a slightly smaller portion reporting out the HBCU. Immigration reform/DACA was reported as important by half the high school, community college, and HBCU participants with only a third of the students from the majority serving institution citing it as an important issue. With respect to LGBTQ rights approximately half of the high school and community college participants cited it as important, 44.53% of the HBCU students, and only about a quarter of the students attending the majority serving institution. Contribution and Conclusion: This paper provides a timely investigation into the mindset of generation Z students living in the United States during a period of heightened civic unrest. This insight is useful to educators who should be informed about the generation of students that is currently populating higher education. The findings of this study are consistent with public opinion polls by Pew Research Center. According to the findings, the Gen Z students participating in this study are heavy users of multiple social media, expect technology to be integrated into teaching and learning, anticipate a future career where technology will play an important role, informed about current and political events, use social media as their main source for getting news and information, and fairly engaged in social activism. When institutional type was compared the students from the university with the more affluent and less diverse population were less likely to find social justice issues important than the other groups. Recommendations for Practitioners: During disruptive and contentious times, it is negligent to think that the abounding issues plaguing society are not important to our students. Gauging the issues of importance and levels of civic engagement provides us crucial information towards understanding the attitudes of students. Further, knowing how our students gain information, their social media usage, as well as how informed they are about current events and political issues can be used to more effectively communicate and educate. Recommendations for Researchers: As social media continues to proliferate daily life and become a vital means of news and information gathering, additional studies such as the one presented here are needed. Additionally, in other countries facing similarly turbulent times, measuring student interest, awareness, and engagement is highly informative. Impact on Society: During a highly contentious period replete with a large volume of civil unrest and compounded by a global pandemic, understanding the behaviors and attitudes of students can help us as higher education faculty be more attuned when it comes to the design and delivery of curriculum. Future Research This presentation presents preliminary findings. Data is still being collected and much more extensive statistical analyses will be performed.
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Dhivani Gusmi, Adibah, et Achmad Nurmandi. « Algorithmic Government Framework to Support Government Data Disclosure ». Dans 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002779.
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This study aims to analyze the working concept of government algorithms in supporting government data openness. The focus of this research was on the United States, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Spain. In the digital era, the government is guided to be active in providing information to the public. This study focuses on implementing data disclosure in the United States, England, the Netherlands, and Spain. This study uses qualitative methods, and the tools used for statistical and bibliometric analysis are VOSviewer and NVivo Plus 12. The data sources for this research are 363 articles on Open Government. Data has increased in the last ten years in the Scopus database. The data analysis phase of this research uses VOSviewer with simple statistical and bibliometric analysis. The results of data analysis show that the most popular keywords are information, ogd itself, and citizens. The trend found that many studies focused more on transparency, information, citizens, and OGD. However, the keywords used also change every year. Each country has a different algorithm for open government. The United States finds more transparency in compiling data. Meanwhile, the UK talks more about the availability of data to make digital government implemented efficiently. It also strengthens the policy that the Netherlands enforces open government data to investigate criminal cases that refer to citizen/community involvement in the Netherlands. Lastly, Spain pays attention to the transparency used to inform some policies in Spain. In the four countries mentioned transparency and information. Also, it is stated that citizen engagement is also a significant finding in each article. However, there are failures to have open government data mainly due to the site and its licenses. They examined the open data that the government uses today as part of an algorithm that has worked previously with experts in computers and information technology.
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Han, Zhu. « The e-government Development of United States Based on Knowledge Management and its Enlightenment to China ». Dans 2010 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2010.236.
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C. Sipior, Janice, Burke T Ward et Joanna Z. Marzec. « The Digital Divide in the United States and Worldwide ». Dans 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2404.
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The Digital Divide has been defined as a gap between those with access to new information technologies and those without. The term is also used to characterize the disparity between those who can effectively use information technology and those who cannot. This paper explores the digital divide within the United States (U.S.) and worldwide. Factors contributing to the widening of the gap are identified, including differences in income, age, education, race, household type, and geographic location. In an effort to reduce the Digital Divide, initiatives have been undertaken, such as promoting increased competition to reduce equipment and internet connection costs and U.S. government legislation to provide incentives such as tax relief to Internet providers serving specific geographic areas, and the global initiative by the G- 8 Heads of State to help coordinate worldwide government efforts in closing the Digital Divide.
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Sipior, Janice, et Burke Ward. « A Framework for Information Security Management Based on Guiding Standards : A United States Perspective ». Dans InSITE 2008 : Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3188.
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Despite government oversight, consumers continue to be concerned about the security of personal information used by corporations. Consumer concerns give rise to the necessity for corporations to manage information security. Navigating the multitude of existing security standards, including dedicated standards for information security and frameworks for controlling the implementation of information technology, presents a challenge to organizations. In response, we propose our ISM framework which considers global, national, organizational, and employee standards to guide ISM. We contend that a strategic approach to ISM will enable a focus on managing information as a key resource in global competition. This framework is intended to promote a cohesive approach which considers a process view of information within the context of the entire organizational operational environment. This framework can be used by international, national, and regional corporations to formulate, implement, enforce, and audit information security policies and practices.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Electronic government information – United States"
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Thuraisingham, Bhavani. Information Sharing Strategies of the United States Federal Government and Its Allies and Our Contributions Towards Implementing these Strategies. Version 1. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, août 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545051.
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Holtom, Paul, Mark Bromley et Verena Simmel. Measuring International Arms Transfers. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, décembre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/fymr2694.
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Consistent, comprehensive data on international arms transfers enables the identification over time of trends in international arms transfers at the global, regional and national levels. There are several different methods for measuring international arms transfers. This Fact Sheet describes three sources of information for measuring international arms transfers: SIPRI’s measure of the volume of arms transfers; the financial value estimate of the United States Congressional Research Service (CRS); and national government data on the financial value of arms export agreements and deliveries. Using German arms exports in 2011 as a case study, it compares the methods used by SIPRI, the CRS and the German Government to measure German arms exports.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss et Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.
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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Wezeman, Pieter D., Lucie Béraud-Sudreau, Alexandra Marksteiner et Nan Tian. A Practical Guide to State Participation in the UN Report on Military Expenditures. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/hqro4757.
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The United Nations Report on Military Expenditures (UNMILEX) is a reporting Instrument established by the UN General Assembly. Each year all UN member states can voluntarily provide data on their military expenditures to enhance multilateral transparency in military matters. In recent years less than 50 states on average per year have participated in the instrument. However, most states release public information on their military spending at the national level, which could directly support submissions for UNMILEX. To assist the revival of the instrument and to contribute to transparency in military affairs, this guide aims to support officials in preparing their country’s annual submission for UNMILEX. It provides step-by step advice and concrete examples on how to use the information readily available in public government budget documents to fill in UNMILEX submissions. It discusses the definition of ‘military expenditure’ for UNMILEX purposes, shows where to find budget documents and explains whether to report on actual or planned expenditures. Most importantly, the guide gives instructions on how to transcribe data from national budget documents to the correct UNMILEX form. The focus is on making participation easy by using the simplified or single-figure form.
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Domínguez, Patricio, et Carlos Scartascini. Willingness to pay for crime reduction : evidence from six countries in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004531.
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Crime levels are a perennial development problem in Latin America and a renewed concern in the United States. At the same time, trust in the police has been falling, and questions abound about citizens' willingness to support government efforts to fight crime. We conduct a survey experiment to elicit willingness to contribute toward reducing crime across five Latin American countries and the United States. We compare homicide, robbery, and theft estimates and find a higher willingness to contribute for more severe crimes and for higher crime reductions. In addition, we examine the role of information on the willingness to contribute by conducting two experiments. First, we show that exposing respondents to crime-related news increases their willingness to pay by 5 percent. Furthermore, while we document a 7 percent gap in willingness to pay for crime reduction between people who under- and over-estimate the murder rate, we find that this gap can be wholly eliminated by informing them about the actual level of crime. On average, our estimates suggest that households are willing to contribute around $140 per year for a 20 percent reduction in homicide. This individual-level predisposition would translate into additional investment in public security efforts of up to 0.5 percent of GDP.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide : A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Sous la direction de Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel Brown, Michael Wilson et Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands of Southeastern Colorado’s Major Land Resource Area 69. USDA Southwest Climate Hub, juillet 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6947062.ch.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altering species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates, change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices
are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites and their associated state–and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are needed at the local level to inform local management decisions and help ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Southwest Climate Hub and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability
assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level, based on ecological sites and state-and-transition models that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and support informed decision-making for the selection of management adaptations within MLRA 69.
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Sureshbabu, Keertana, Egbe-Etu Etu, Susan Summerville, Ankur Parmar et Gaojian Huang. Exploring the Use of Public Transportation Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic : A National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2204.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Public transportation is an essential part of many older adults’ lives, but the pandemic presented new challenges for the vulnerable population. Adults aged 65 years and older experienced additional challenges, such as limited mobility options (e.g., lack of buses or trains in service due a combination of government lockdowns, fear of contracting or spreading the virus, and driver shortages in certain areas) because of the pandemic, which may have resulted in more age-related declines in perceptual, cognitive, and physical functioning. This study explores how older adults living in major metropolitan cities in the United States used and perceived public transportation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team conducted an online survey through the Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) crowdsourcing marketplace, a platform that offers opportunities to recruit a larger number of participants from diverse geographic locations. 260 respondents completed the survey. Eligibility included: (1) residing in the United States, (2) being aged 55 years or older (the oldest age that can be selected on MTurk), and (3) having an approval rating of 90% or above (i.e., the percentage of the workers’ submitted tasks approved by survey requesters, offered by the MTurk platform). Overall, older adults reported that they had changed travel patterns since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, experienced challenges in using public transportation, and expressed concerns about catching the SARS-CoV-2 virus while using public transportation. Mobile technology (e.g., a transportation navigation app) was perceived as a good option for finding public transportation information, but needs improved user experience and accessibility. These findings may help transit agencies develop effective strategies for improving transportation services and increasing policymakers’ awareness of older adults’ need for accessible public transportation.
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Hills, Thomas, Gus O'Donnell, Andrew Oswald, Eugenio Proto et Daniel Sgroi. Understanding Happiness : A CAGE Policy Report. Sous la direction de Karen Brandon. The Social Market Foundation, janvier 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-21-7.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Everyone wants to be happy. Over the ages, tracts of the ancient moral philosophers – Plato, Aristotle, Confucius – have probed the question of happiness. The stirring words in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that established ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’ as ‘unalienable Rights’ served as the inspiration that launched a nation, the United States of America. Yet, more than 240 years later, the relationship between government’s objectives and human happiness is not straightforward, even over the matters of whether it can and should be a government aim. We approach this question not as philosophers, but as social scientists seeking to understand happiness through data. Our work in these pages is intended to enhance understanding of how the well-being of individuals and societies is affected by myriad forces, among them: income, inflation, governance, genes, inflation, inequality, bereavement, biology, aspirations, unemployment, recession, economic growth, life expectancies, infant mortality, war and conflict, family and social networks, and mental and physical health and health care. Our report suggests the ways in which this information might be brought to bear to rethink traditional aims and definitions of socioeconomic progress, and to create a better – and, yes, happier – world. We explain what the data say to us: our times demand new approaches. Foreword by Richard Easterlin; Introduced by Diane Coyle.
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Wyndham, Amber, Emile Elias, Joel R. Brown, Michael A. Wilson et Albert Rango. Drought Vulnerability Assessment to Inform Grazing Practices on Rangelands in Southeast Arizona and Southwest New Mexico’s Major Land Resource Area 41. United States. Department of Agriculture. Southwest Climate Hub, août 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6818230.ch.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Increased climate variability, including more frequent and intense drought, is projected for the southwestern region of the United States. Increased temperatures and reduced precipitation lower soil water availability, resulting in decreased plant productivity and altered species composition, which may affect forage quality and quantity. Reduced forage quality and increased heat stress attributable to warmer temperatures could lead to decreased livestock performance in this system, which is extensively used for livestock grazing. Mitigating the effects of increasing drought is critical to social and ecological stability in the region. Reduced stocking rates and/or a change in livestock breeds and/or grazing practices are general recommendations that could be implemented to cope with increased climatic stress. Ecological Sites (ESs) and their associated state-and-transition models (STMs) are tools to help land managers implement and evaluate responses to disturbances. The projected change in climate will vary depending upon geographic location. Vulnerability assessments and adaptation strategies are necessary at the local level to inform local management decisions and help to ameliorate the effects of climate change on rangelands. The USDA Southwest Climate Hub and the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) worked together to produce this drought vulnerability assessment at the Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) level: it is based on ESs/STMs that will help landowners and government agencies to identify and develop adaptation options for drought on rangelands. The assessment illustrates how site-specific information can be used to help minimize the effects of drought on rangelands and to support informed decision-making for selecting management adaptations within MLRA 41.