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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Energetic budget »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 janvier 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Ngueto, Yves Franklin, René Laprise, and Oumarou Nikiéma. "A Detailed Limited-Area Atmospheric Energy Cycle for Climate and Weather Studies." Atmosphere 15, no. 1 (2024): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010087.

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Lorenz’ seminal work on global atmospheric energetics improved our understanding of the general circulation. With the advent of Regional Climate Models (RCMs), it is important to have a limited-area energetic budget available that is applicable for both weather and climate, analogous to Lorenz’ global atmospheric energetics. A regional-scale energetic budget is obtained in this study by applying Reynolds decomposition rules to quadratic forms of the kinetic energy K and the available enthalpy A, to obtain time mean and time deviation contributions. According to the employed definition, the tim

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Ohanian, Gabriel A. "The Role of Radio Loud Phase of Nuclear Activity in Galaxy Formation and Evolution." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S304 (2013): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921314004487.

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AbstractKey questions, which arise when one tries to clear up a problem of formation and evolution of galaxies, is the question of energy: what is the energetic budget of AGN owing to form galaxies and provide its subsequent development? Hence, for understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies, it is important to estimate the energetic budget of AGN which we try to do involving radio loud phase of nuclear activity.

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Mahmoudabadi, Gita, Ron Milo, and Rob Phillips. "Energetic cost of building a virus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 22 (2017): E4324—E4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701670114.

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Viruses are incapable of autonomous energy production. Although many experimental studies make it clear that viruses are parasitic entities that hijack the molecular resources of the host, a detailed estimate for the energetic cost of viral synthesis is largely lacking. To quantify the energetic cost of viruses to their hosts, we enumerated the costs associated with two very distinct but representative DNA and RNA viruses, namely, T4 and influenza. We found that, for these viruses, translation of viral proteins is the most energetically expensive process. Interestingly, the costs of building a

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Egger, Joseph. "Mountain Forces and the Atmospheric Energy Budget." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 11 (2011): 2689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jas3740.1.

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Abstract Although mountains are generally thought to exert forces on the atmosphere, the related transfers of energy between earth and atmosphere are not represented in standard energy equations of the atmosphere. It is shown that the axial rotation of the atmosphere must be included in the energy budget in order to resolve this issue. The energy transfer resulting from mountains turns out to be closely related to mountain torques. The energetic effects of a changing rotation of the earth are discussed, as well as those of friction torques and those of the nonspherical shape of the earth.

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Magris, Martina, and Cristina Tuni. "Enough for all: no mating effort adjustment to varying mate availability in a gift-giving spider." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (2019): 1461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz102.

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Males of a gift-giving spider do not modify their allocation to reproduction when mating opportunities vary. Due to their costly courtship via provision of food gifts to females, with high female availability males should reduce their reproductive investment per partner to avoid exhausting their energetic budget too early. Our findings suggest instead that males may be able to enlarge their total reproductive budget, possibly drawing resources from their food gifts by partially feeding on them.

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Richardson, T. B., P. M. Forster, T. Andrews, et al. "Drivers of Precipitation Change: An Energetic Understanding." Journal of Climate 31, no. 23 (2018): 9641–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0240.1.

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The response of the hydrological cycle to climate forcings can be understood within the atmospheric energy budget framework. In this study precipitation and energy budget responses to five forcing agents are analyzed using 10 climate models from the Precipitation Driver Response Model Intercomparison Project (PDRMIP). Precipitation changes are split into a forcing-dependent fast response and a temperature-driven hydrological sensitivity. Globally, when normalized by top-of-atmosphere (TOA) forcing, fast precipitation changes are most sensitive to strongly absorbing drivers (CO2, black carbon).

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Kelm, Detlev H., and Helversen Otto Von. "How to budget metabolic energy: torpor in a small Neotropical mammal." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177, no. 6 (2007): 667–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neotropical nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae) are highly specialized in the exploitation of floral nectar and have one of the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among mammals. Nevertheless, they are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics over a wide elevational range, and thus encounter many extreme and energetically challenging environmental conditions. Depressing their otherwise high metabolic rate, e.g., in situations of food restriction, might be an important adaptive physiological strategy in these dietary specialists. We

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Kelm, Detlev H., and Helversen Otto Von. "How to budget metabolic energy: torpor in a small Neotropical mammal." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177, no. 6 (2007): 667–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neotropical nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae) are highly specialized in the exploitation of floral nectar and have one of the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among mammals. Nevertheless, they are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics over a wide elevational range, and thus encounter many extreme and energetically challenging environmental conditions. Depressing their otherwise high metabolic rate, e.g., in situations of food restriction, might be an important adaptive physiological strategy in these dietary specialists. We

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Kelm, Detlev H., and Helversen Otto Von. "How to budget metabolic energy: torpor in a small Neotropical mammal." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177, no. 6 (2007): 667–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neotropical nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae) are highly specialized in the exploitation of floral nectar and have one of the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among mammals. Nevertheless, they are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics over a wide elevational range, and thus encounter many extreme and energetically challenging environmental conditions. Depressing their otherwise high metabolic rate, e.g., in situations of food restriction, might be an important adaptive physiological strategy in these dietary specialists. We

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Kelm, Detlev H., and Helversen Otto Von. "How to budget metabolic energy: torpor in a small Neotropical mammal." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177, no. 6 (2007): 667–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neotropical nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae) are highly specialized in the exploitation of floral nectar and have one of the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among mammals. Nevertheless, they are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics over a wide elevational range, and thus encounter many extreme and energetically challenging environmental conditions. Depressing their otherwise high metabolic rate, e.g., in situations of food restriction, might be an important adaptive physiological strategy in these dietary specialists. We

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Kelm, Detlev H., and Helversen Otto Von. "How to budget metabolic energy: torpor in a small Neotropical mammal." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 177, no. 6 (2007): 667–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13450724.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Neotropical nectar-feeding bats (Glossophaginae) are highly specialized in the exploitation of floral nectar and have one of the highest mass-specific metabolic rates among mammals. Nevertheless, they are distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics over a wide elevational range, and thus encounter many extreme and energetically challenging environmental conditions. Depressing their otherwise high metabolic rate, e.g., in situations of food restriction, might be an important adaptive physiological strategy in these dietary specialists. We

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Marchand, Théo, Anne-Sophie Le Gal, and Jean-Yves Georges. "Fine scale behaviour and time-budget in the cryptic ectotherm European pond turtle Emys orbicularis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (2021): e0256549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256549.

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For ectotherms, behaviour and associated energetic costs are directly related to thermal conditions. In the present context of global change, estimating time-budget for these species is relevant to assess and predict their capacity to adapt to near future. We tested the hypothesis that in ectotherms where reproduction is highly energy consuming, energy expenditure should vary throughout the breeding season with a maximum around nesting events. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the fine-scale behaviour, time-budget and estimated energetic costs in eight adult female European pond turtles Emy

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Castanet, G., P. Lavieille, F. Lemoine, et al. "Energetic budget on an evaporating monodisperse droplet stream using combined optical methods." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45, no. 25 (2002): 5053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(02)00204-1.

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Frey, H. "Energetic Significance of Torpor and Other Energy-Conserving Mechanisms in Free-Living Sminthopsis-Crassicaudata (Marsupialia, Dasyuridae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 6 (1991): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910689.

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Factors influencing the use of energy-conserving mechanisms including torpor, as well as their energetic significance, were studied in free-living Sminthopsis crassicaudata at Werribee (Victoria) during winter 1981 and 1982. Possible correlations between behavioural or physiological condition of captured animals and climatic variables or food availability were investigated. Daily energy expenditure was calculated by combining time-budget analysis in the field (based on radio-tracking) with respirometric measurements of metabolic rates in captivity. The energy-conserving mechanisms used were to

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Kessler, T. A., and T. R. Parsons. "Primary Production in a Tidally Energetic Fjord: Environmental Forcing of Vertical Phytoplankton Distribution." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 12 (1989): 2173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-269.

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Time dependent changes in the vertical phytoplankton distribution, during two short-term intensive studies in a tidally energetic sill-fjord, were examined with the objective of identifying processes responsible for a seasonal dependence between biomass and stability in a 7-yr environmental data set for the region. Reconciling an apparent divergence between calculated chlorophyl a (Chla) and NO3− mass balances identified diapycnal mixing to be an important term in the NO3− budget, but not in the Chla budget. The balancing mixing rate required was consistent with a wind stress origin and incons

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Blanckenhorn, Wolf U. "Energetic underpinnings of yellow dung fly mating success in the field." Alpine Entomology 5 (July 22, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.68153.

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Foraging provides the basis for animal reproduction, but requires energy and time to be sustained, entailing a trade-off. Whereas females should maximize their time foraging for resources, males should minimize their foraging time by optimizing time budgets to maximize their access to mating partners. Mark-resight field studies are difficult and hence uncommon for small insects. Yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria L.) abound on pastures in cold-temperate regions across the northern hemisphere. Adult flies lick nectar from flowers for energy, but require small insect prey to produce eggs

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Blanckenhorn, Wolf U. "Energetic underpinnings of yellow dung fly mating success in the field." Alpine Entomology 5 (July 22, 2021): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.5.68153.

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Foraging provides the basis for animal reproduction, but requires energy and time to be sustained, entailing a trade-off. Whereas females should maximize their time foraging for resources, males should minimize their foraging time by optimizing time budgets to maximize their access to mating partners. Mark-resight field studies are difficult and hence uncommon for small insects. Yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria L.) abound on pastures in cold-temperate regions across the northern hemisphere. Adult flies lick nectar from flowers for energy, but require small insect prey to produce eggs

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Trudel, Marc, Alain Tremblay, Roger Schetagne, and Joseph B. Rasmussen. "Why are dwarf fish so small? An energetic analysis of polymorphism in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 2 (2001): 394–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f00-252.

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Sympatric populations of dwarf lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) (DLW) and normal lake whitefish (NLW) commonly occur in north temperate and subarctic lakes. DLW have a much lower growth, mature earlier, and have a shorter life span than NLW. Furthermore, they are usually not found when cisco (Coregonus artedi) are present, possibly due to competitive exclusion. In this study, we compared the energy budget of DLW, NLW, and cisco using food consumption rates estimated with mass balance models of chemical tracers (i.e., mercury and radiocesium). These chemicals are globally distributed and

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Mann, G., and A. Warmuth. "Budget of energetic electrons during solar flares in the framework of magnetic reconnection." Astronomy & Astrophysics 528 (March 9, 2011): A104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014389.

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Uchida, Thomas K., Jennifer L. Hicks, Christopher L. Dembia, and Scott L. Delp. "Stretching Your Energetic Budget: How Tendon Compliance Affects the Metabolic Cost of Running." PLOS ONE 11, no. 3 (2016): e0150378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150378.

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D’Angelo, Gianni, Francesco Palmieri, and Antonio Robustelli. "Artificial neural networks for resources optimization in energetic environment." Soft Computing 26, no. 4 (2022): 1779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-022-06757-x.

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AbstractResource Planning Optimization (RPO) is a common task that many companies need to face to get several benefits, like budget improvements and run-time analyses. However, even if it is often solved by using several software products and tools, the great success and validity of the Artificial Intelligence-based approaches, in many research fields, represent a huge opportunity to explore alternative solutions for solving optimization problems. To this purpose, the following paper aims to investigate the use of multiple Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for solving a RPO problem related to

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Mayer, Michael, Leopold Haimberger, John M. Edwards, and Patrick Hyder. "Toward Consistent Diagnostics of the Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean Energy Budgets." Journal of Climate 30, no. 22 (2017): 9225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0137.1.

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The widely used diagnostic vertically integrated total energy budget equations of atmosphere and ocean contain inconsistencies that should no longer be disregarded. The neglect of enthalpy fluxes associated with precipitation and evaporation leads to a spurious dependence on reference temperature. This seemingly small inconsistency is amplified because enthalpy of water vapor implicitly included in lateral atmospheric energy transports usually is computed on the Kelvin scale, leading to inconsistencies that, although zero when globally averaged, attain values on the order of 20 W m−2 in the tr

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Nixon, Amy E., J.C. Gruver, and Robert M.R. Barclay. "Spatial and temporal patterns of roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis)." American Midland Naturalist 162, no. 1 (2009): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440111.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We investigated roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), including roost fidelity, movement between roosts and the size of roosting home-ranges. We expected reproductive females, especially lactating females, to exhibit higher roost fidelity and to move shorter distances between roosts than males or nonreproductive females. Individuals generally switched roosts every 1 or 2 d. Despite their low roost fidelity, individuals occupied small roosting home-ranges (,2 ha), demonstrating fidelity to a roosting area. Roost fidelity, distan

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Nixon, Amy E., J.C. Gruver, and Robert M.R. Barclay. "Spatial and temporal patterns of roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis)." American Midland Naturalist 162, no. 1 (2009): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440111.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We investigated roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), including roost fidelity, movement between roosts and the size of roosting home-ranges. We expected reproductive females, especially lactating females, to exhibit higher roost fidelity and to move shorter distances between roosts than males or nonreproductive females. Individuals generally switched roosts every 1 or 2 d. Despite their low roost fidelity, individuals occupied small roosting home-ranges (,2 ha), demonstrating fidelity to a roosting area. Roost fidelity, distan

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Nixon, Amy E., J.C. Gruver, and Robert M.R. Barclay. "Spatial and temporal patterns of roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis)." American Midland Naturalist 162, no. 1 (2009): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440111.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We investigated roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), including roost fidelity, movement between roosts and the size of roosting home-ranges. We expected reproductive females, especially lactating females, to exhibit higher roost fidelity and to move shorter distances between roosts than males or nonreproductive females. Individuals generally switched roosts every 1 or 2 d. Despite their low roost fidelity, individuals occupied small roosting home-ranges (,2 ha), demonstrating fidelity to a roosting area. Roost fidelity, distan

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Nixon, Amy E., J.C. Gruver, and Robert M.R. Barclay. "Spatial and temporal patterns of roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis)." American Midland Naturalist 162, no. 1 (2009): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440111.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We investigated roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), including roost fidelity, movement between roosts and the size of roosting home-ranges. We expected reproductive females, especially lactating females, to exhibit higher roost fidelity and to move shorter distances between roosts than males or nonreproductive females. Individuals generally switched roosts every 1 or 2 d. Despite their low roost fidelity, individuals occupied small roosting home-ranges (,2 ha), demonstrating fidelity to a roosting area. Roost fidelity, distan

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Nixon, Amy E., J.C. Gruver, and Robert M.R. Barclay. "Spatial and temporal patterns of roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis)." American Midland Naturalist 162, no. 1 (2009): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13440111.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) We investigated roost use by western long-eared bats (Myotis evotis), including roost fidelity, movement between roosts and the size of roosting home-ranges. We expected reproductive females, especially lactating females, to exhibit higher roost fidelity and to move shorter distances between roosts than males or nonreproductive females. Individuals generally switched roosts every 1 or 2 d. Despite their low roost fidelity, individuals occupied small roosting home-ranges (,2 ha), demonstrating fidelity to a roosting area. Roost fidelity, distan

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Gnanadesikan, Anand, Richard D. Slater, P. S. Swathi, and Geoffrey K. Vallis. "The Energetics of Ocean Heat Transport." Journal of Climate 18, no. 14 (2005): 2604–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3436.1.

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Abstract A number of recent papers have argued that the mechanical energy budget of the ocean places constraints on how the thermohaline circulation is driven. These papers have been used to argue that climate models, which do not specifically account for the energy of mixing, potentially miss a very important feedback on climate change. This paper reexamines the question of what energetic arguments can teach us about the climate system and concludes that the relationship between energetics and climate is not straightforward. By analyzing the buoyancy transport equation, it is demonstrated tha

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Jouanno, Julien, and Julio Sheinbaum. "Heat Balance and Eddies in the Caribbean Upwelling System." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 5 (2013): 1004–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0140.1.

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Abstract The upper-ocean heat budget of the Caribbean upwelling system is investigated during the onset of the Atlantic warm pool (June–September) using high-resolution observations of sea surface temperature and a high-resolution (°) regional model. Vertical mixing is found to be the major cooling contribution to the mixed layer heat budget in the nearshore and offshore Colombia Basin. Numerical results show that intense mesoscale eddies in the Colombia Basin significantly shape the turbulent cooling and may participate in the maintenance of cooler temperature in this region compared to surro

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Rivero, A., and H. M. Ferguson. "The energetic budget ofAnopheles stephensiinfected withPlasmodium chabaudi: is energy depletion a mechanism for virulence?" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 270, no. 1522 (2003): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2003.2389.

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Safonova, Mariia, Vladimir Tabunshchik, Roman Gorbunov, and Tatiana Gorbunova. "Heat Budget of Sub-Mediterranean Downy Oak Landscapes of Southeastern Crimea." Forests 14, no. 10 (2023): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14101927.

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This article presents the findings of a research endeavor focused on the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of heat balance and its constituent elements within an oak forest situated in the expanse of the Karadag Nature Reserve. Computed are the values corresponding to the elements of heat balance, encompassing radiation balance, latent heat fluxes corresponding to heat consumption for evaporation, turbulent heat exchange transpiring within the atmosphere, and heat flux coursing through the soil. The features of changes in the heat balance in two key areas are considered: in the zone of growth of t

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Esparza, Pablo, Sandra Castano-Solis, David Jiménez-Bermejo, Jesús Fraile Ardanuy, and Manuel Merino. "Experimental Determination of the Energetic Performance of a Racing Motorcycle Battery-Pack." Processes 8, no. 11 (2020): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111391.

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This paper presents the evaluation of the energetic performance of the battery-pack from the motorcycle prototype EME 16E. This racing prototype was developed by a student team from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) to participate in the MotoStudent competition during 2015–2016. This study includes the sizing and assembly of the motorcycle’s battery-pack under strict regulations and a limited budget. The prototype was also tested under different performance conditions, such as laboratory tests and racing circuits. Experimental results show that the proposed battery-pack is capable of

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Damiani, Alessandro, Bernd Funke, Manuel López Puertas, Michelle L. Santee, Raul R. Cordero, and Shingo Watanabe. "Energetic particle precipitation: A major driver of the ozone budget in the Antarctic upper stratosphere." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 7 (2016): 3554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016gl068279.

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Villafranca, Natalie, Isabella Changsut, Sofia Diaz de Villegas, Haley Womack, and Lauren E. Fuess. "Characterization of trade-offs between immunity and reproduction in the coral species Astrangia poculata." PeerJ 11 (December 4, 2023): e16586. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16586.

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Background Living organisms face ubiquitous pathogenic threats and have consequently evolved immune systems to protect against potential invaders. However, many components of the immune system are physiologically costly to maintain and engage, often drawing resources away from other organismal processes such as growth and reproduction. Evidence from a diversity of systems has demonstrated that organisms use complex resource allocation mechanisms to manage competing needs and optimize fitness. However, understanding of resource allocation patterns is limited across taxa. Cnidarians, which inclu

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Magomedov, M. R. D. "Trophic-Energetic Bases of Functioning and Stability of Natural Populations of Herbivorous Mammals." Известия Российской академии наук. Серия биологическая, no. 7 (May 1, 2023): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s1026347023600188.

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Using the example of various groups of herbivorous mammals, it is shown that the spatial, seasonal and long-term dynamics of energy resources directly affects the level of their consumption by animals, determines changes in the intensity of reproduction, mortality and migration processes, and, ultimately, the state and stability of populations. The supply of nutrients and energy is initially limited, that determines certain forms of ecological processes according to the hierarchy of components of the energy budget. The energy balance of the organism acts as a universal integral indicator of th

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Liu, Yushuo, Chee Kent Lim, Zhiyong Shen, Patrick K. H. Lee, and Theodora Nah. "Effects of pH and light exposure on the survival of bacteria and their ability to biodegrade organic compounds in clouds: implications for microbial activity in acidic cloud water." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 2 (2023): 1731–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-1731-2023.

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Abstract. Recent studies have reported that interactions between live bacteria and organic matter can potentially affect the carbon budget in clouds, which has important atmospheric and climate implications. However, bacteria in clouds are subject to a variety of atmospheric stressors, which can adversely affect their survival and energetic metabolism and, consequently, their ability to biodegrade organic compounds. At present, the effects of cloud water pH and solar radiation on bacteria are not well understood. In this study, we investigated how cloud water pH (pH 3 to 6) and exposure to sol

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Danylevsky, V. "Estimations of the aerosols direct radiative effects in the atmosphere over Kyiv from the AERONET sun-photometer measurements in 2008–2019." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Astronomy, no. 60 (2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/btsnua.2019.60.38-45.

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The article describes briefly the problem of the aerosols influence on the energetic budget of the Earth whole climate system and of the atmosphere particularly. The literary sources comprising such estimations are analyzed and aerosols basic properties are presented which are necessary to determine the quantitative estimations of the aerosols climatology effects. Basic terms and definitions are stated that are using to estimate the influence of the external and internal agents of the climate system on its energy budget. Basic features of the algorithms used to compute the co-called radiative

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Demas, Gregory E., Vladimir Chefer, Mark I. Talan, and Randy J. Nelson. "Metabolic costs of mounting an antigen-stimulated immune response in adult and aged C57BL/6J mice." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 5 (1997): R1631—R1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.5.r1631.

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Animals must balance their energy budget despite seasonal changes in both energy availability and physiological expenditures. Immunity, in addition to growth, thermoregulation, and cellular maintenance, requires substantial energy to maintain function, although few studies have directly tested the energetic cost of immunity. The present study assessed the metabolic costs of an antibody response. Adult and aged male C5BL/6J mice were implanted with either empty Silastic capsules or capsules filled with melatonin and injected with either saline or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). O2 consumption

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Thiébaut, Maxime, Jean-François Filipot, Christophe Maisondieu, et al. "Assessing the turbulent kinetic energy budget in an energetic tidal flow from measurements of coupled ADCPs." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2178 (2020): 20190496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0496.

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Two coupled four-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers were used to provide simultaneous and independent measurements of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate ε and the TKE production rate P over a 36 h long period at a highly energetic tidal energy site in the Alderney Race. The eight-beam arrangement enabled the evaluation of the six components of the Reynolds stress tensor which allows for an improved estimation of the TKE production rate. Depth-time series of ε, P and the Reynolds stresses are provided. The comparison between ε and P was performed by calculating individual

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Schwemmer, Teresa G., Roger M. Nisbet, and Janet A. Nye. "Attributing hypoxia responses of early life Menidia menidia to energetic mechanisms with Dynamic Energy Budget theory." Ecological Modelling 498 (December 2024): 110889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2024.110889.

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FORAY, VINCENT, PIERRE-FRANCOIS PELISSON, MARIE-CLAUDE BEL-VENNER, et al. "A handbook for uncovering the complete energetic budget in insects: the van Handel's method (1985) revisited." Physiological Entomology 37, no. 3 (2012): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2012.00831.x.

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Dyck, Markus G., and Ermias Kebreab. "Estimating the Energetic Contribution of Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus) Summer Diets to the Total Energy Budget." Journal of Mammalogy 90, no. 3 (2009): 585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/08-mamm-a-103r2.1.

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Chen, Jinqiang, and Simona Bordoni. "Orographic Effects of the Tibetan Plateau on the East Asian Summer Monsoon: An Energetic Perspective." Journal of Climate 27, no. 8 (2014): 3052–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00479.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the dynamical processes through which the Tibetan Plateau (TP) influences the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) within the framework of the moist static energy (MSE) budget, using both observations and atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) simulations. The focus is on the most prominent feature of the EASM, the so-called meiyu–baiu (MB), which is characterized by a well-defined, southwest–northeast elongated quasi-stationary rainfall band, spanning from eastern China to Japan and into the northwestern Pacific Ocean between mid-June and mid-July. Observati

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Cliffe, Rebecca N., Judy A. Avey-Arroyo, Francisco J. Arroyo, Mark D. Holton, and Rory P. Wilson. "Mitigating the squash effect: sloths breathe easily upside down." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (2014): 20140172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0172.

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Sloths are mammals renowned for spending a large proportion of time hanging inverted. In this position, the weight of the abdominal contents is expected to act on the lungs and increase the energetic costs of inspiration. Here, we show that three-fingered sloths Bradypus variegatus possess unique fibrinous adhesions that anchor the abdominal organs, particularly the liver and glandular stomach, to the lower ribs. The key locations of these adhesions, close to the diaphragm, prevent the weight of the abdominal contents from acting on the lungs when the sloth is inverted. Using ventilation rate

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Lill, A. "Behavioral Energetics of Overwintering in the Rifleman, Acanthisitta-Chloris." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 6 (1991): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910643.

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The role of behavioural adjustments in meeting increased daily energy requirements in winter was investigated in rifleman, Acanthisitta chloris, inhabiting lowland forest in South I., New Zealand, by comparing their population density, time-activity budget and foraging behaviour in autumn and winter. Rifleman foraged for 83% of daytime in both seasons. The combined effects on the birds' winter energy budget of increased thermoregulation costs and the shorter daylength for foraging were at least partly offset by an estimated 23-29% decrease in the amount of energy expended daily on activity and

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Sherwood, Graham D., Joseph B. Rasmussen, David J. Rowan, Julie Brodeur, and Alice Hontela. "Bioenergetic costs of heavy metal exposure in yellow perch (Perca flavescens): in situ estimates with a radiotracer (137Cs) technique." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57, no. 2 (2000): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-268.

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While the flow of energy is understood to determine the growth of organisms and the productivity of ecosystems, little is known about the sublethal effect of pollutants on the energetic efficiency of wild populations. We used field estimates of fish growth coupled to in situ estimates of food consumption rates obtained from the mass balance of a globally dispersed, trophically transferred radiotracer (137Cs) to demonstrate the bioenergetic impairment of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes polluted by heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn). Annual growth increment relative to the total energy bud

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Grutter, Alexandra S., Jennifer G. Rumney, Tane Sinclair-Taylor, Peter Waldie, and Craig E. Franklin. "Fish mucous cocoons: the ‘mosquito nets’ of the sea." Biology Letters 7, no. 2 (2010): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0916.

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Mucus performs numerous protective functions in vertebrates, and in fishes may defend them against harmful organisms, although often the evidence is contradictory. The function of the mucous cocoons that many parrotfishes and wrasses sleep in, while long used as a classical example of antipredator behaviour, remains unresolved. Ectoparasitic gnathiid isopods (Gnathiidae), which feed on the blood of fish, are removed by cleaner fish during the day; however, it is unclear how parrotfish and wrasse avoid gnathiid attacks at night. To test the novel hypothesis that mucous cocoons protect against g

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Smith, Richard W., Dominic F. Houlihan, Göran E. Nilsson, and Julie Alexandre. "Tissue-specific changes in RNA synthesis in vivo during anoxia in crucian carp." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 3 (1999): R690—R697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r690.

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The overall energy budget for protein synthesis (i.e., transcription plus translation) is thought to consist of fixed and variable components, with RNA synthesis accounting for the former and protein synthesis the latter. During anoxia, the downregulation of protein synthesis (i.e., the variable component), to reduce energetic demand, is an important aspect of survival in crucian carp. The present study examines RNA synthesis during anoxia by labeling with [3H]uridine. A novel synthesis rate calculation is presented, which allows for the tissue-specific salvage of uridine, with synthesis rates

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Su, Zhan, Andrew P. Ingersoll, Andrew L. Stewart, and Andrew F. Thompson. "Ocean Convective Available Potential Energy. Part II: Energetics of Thermobaric Convection and Thermobaric Cabbeling." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 4 (2016): 1097–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0156.1.

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AbstractThe energetics of thermobaricity- and cabbeling-powered deep convection occurring in oceans with cold freshwater overlying warm salty water are investigated here. These quasi-two-layer profiles are widely observed in wintertime polar oceans. The key diagnostic is the ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), a concept introduced in a companion piece to this paper (Part I). For an isolated ocean column, OCAPE arises from thermobaricity and is the maximum potential energy (PE) that can be converted into kinetic energy (KE) under adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements. This s

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Houhamdi, Ines, Amel Bouakkaz, Mouslim Bara, Leila Bouaguel, and Moussa Houhamdi. "On The Behavior of Mallard Anas Platyrhynchos in the Lake of Birds (El-Tarf Province ‒ Northeast Algeria)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 27, no. 1 (2025): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.2478/trser-2025-0008.

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Abstract This research show the daily behavior of the Mallard in Lac des Oiseaux. The study was conducted over three consecutive years (2020, 2021, 2022) (morning and afternoon). The variation in the number of Mallard individuals did not follow a time-series trend, with the peak number of individuals observed in November-December. Foraging dominated the diurnal time budget of this duck. The proportion of each activity differed significantly between the morning and afternoon periods, except for flying activity. Energetic activities were positively correlated and observed during both the morning

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