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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Energy Subsidy Reform »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 4 février 2022

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1

Wang, Xiaolei, et Boqiang Lin. « Electricity subsidy reform in China ». Energy & ; Environment 28, no 3 (24 novembre 2016) : 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958305x16681681.

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China’s rapid economic growth significantly drives the country’s electricity demand. Electricity tariff in China is regulated by the government and is generally priced at a low level, leading to substantial electricity subsidy. With increasing coal price in recent years, the Chinese government’s low electricity tariff policy has led to huge financial losses for power companies, which directly results in electricity shortage. Therefore, the reform of electricity subsidy is the most important aspect of energy price reform in China. The reform is very difficult, as it is closely associated with people’s daily consumption and production activities. This article adopts a price-gap approach to estimate the scale of electricity subsidy with or without external costs in China. The results indicate that the current subsidy is substantial. In 2010, electricity subsidy with external costs in China amounted to 520.249 billion CNY, accounting for 1.3% of the year’s GDP. Despite the substantial electricity subsidy, low-income households did not benefit much. Therefore, there is need to design a sound electricity tariff subsidy and initiate subsidy-reducing strategies to improve efficiency and equality.
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Acharya, Rajesh H., et Anver C. Sadath. « Implications of energy subsidy reform in India ». Energy Policy 102 (mars 2017) : 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.12.036.

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Shehabi, Manal. « Is Energy Subsidy Reform in an Oil-Exporting Small Economy Beneficial to Trade ? Illustrations from Kuwait ». World Trade Review 19, S1 (juillet 2020) : s39—s61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745620000324.

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AbstractThis article fills a gap in the literature by quantifying impacts of fossil fuel subsidy reform on trade (inflow and outflow) in an oil-producing, “almost small”, economy, using Kuwait as an example. It employs a two-region economy-wide model with oligopoly behaviour in a general equilibrium framework. The model embodies unique elements of Kuwait's economic structure, idiosyncratic rigidities, and distortions, including oligopolistic industrial structure and labour markets. Simulations show that energy subsidies have minimal effects on trade and on non-energy exports, largely due to the pervasiveness of oligopolies that sustain large markups and their collusive pricing. Reforming energy subsidies generates higher pro-trade effects if implemented during low (not high) oil prices because its negative effects are partially offset by efficiency gains and reduction in oligopoly markups. Yet, contrary to claims by proponents of reforms, these effects remain largely constrained unless appropriate incentives are introduced. These results have important policy implications. In developing oil-exporting economies with pervasive oligopolies, microeconomic reform can be a channel through which to achieve pro-trade effects of energy subsidy reform. Further, benefits beyond export expansion, such as higher economic efficiency, could be better motivators of energy subsidy reform in oil economies.
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Hartono, Djoni, Ahmad Komarulzaman, Tony Irawan et Anda Nugroho. « Phasing out Energy Subsidies to Improve Energy Mix : A Dead End ». Energies 13, no 9 (5 mai 2020) : 2281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092281.

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A major energy transformation is required to prolong the rise in global temperature below 2 °C. The Indonesian government (GoI) has set a strategy to gradually remove fuel subsidies to meet its 2050 ambitious energy targets. Using a recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, the present study aimed to determine whether or not the current energy subsidy reforms would meet the targets of both energy mix and energy intensity. It also incorporated the environmental aspect while developing a source of a detailed database in the energy sector. The energy subsidy reform policy (followed by an increase in infrastructure and renewable energy investments) could be the most appropriate alternative policy if the government aims to reduce energy intensity and emission, as well as improve energy diversification without pronounced reductions in the sectorial and overall economy. However, all simulations suggested that the removal of energy subsidy does not enough in attaining the targeted energy mix and energy intensity goals. Thus, the Indonesian government should also introduce progressive programs in renewable energy.
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Groot, Loek, et Thijs Oostveen. « Welfare effects of energy subsidy reform in developing countries ». Review of Development Economics 23, no 4 (16 septembre 2019) : 1926–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12619.

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Moerenhout, Tom S. H. « Energy Pricing Policies and the International Trade Regime ». Journal of International Economic Law 23, no 1 (18 novembre 2019) : 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgz026.

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ABSTRACT Energy subsidy and pricing reform is widely heralded as a necessity to transition to sustainable development and keep global warming below 2°C. Energy pricing policies and subsidies are also at the heart of the energy–trade–climate nexus, but progress has been slow within the international trade regime. This is unlike other international organizations or networks, where progress has been more substantial. This article investigates the lack of legitimacy to regulate or coordinate pricing reform and links it to fundamentally divergent interests between fuel producers and importers. The article discusses the regulatory and coordinative potential of the World Trade Organization and preferential trade agreements. It finds that at the World Trade Organization, the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, the Anti-Dumping Agreement, case law, Ricardian theory, and negotiation history all preempt the consideration of most pricing policies as subsidies. As a result, subsidy notification within the World Trade Organization is low and while other options for improving transparency via the Committee on Trade and Environment and Trade Policy Review Mechanism have been suggested, not much has actually happened because producers protect their comparative advantage. Therefore, support for fuel pricing reform remains on a general level via Ministerial Statements or through general provisions in preferential trade agreements that reconfirm the G-20 and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation commitments to fuel subsidy reform. The only real advancement has been made within bilateral trade negotiations where heavyweights such as the European Union can push trading partners to abandon dual pricing policies.
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Lin, Boqiang, et Zhujun Jiang. « Estimates of energy subsidies in China and impact of energy subsidy reform ». Energy Economics 33, no 2 (mars 2011) : 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2010.07.005.

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8

Murjani, Ahmadi. « ASSESSING THE ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM IN INDONESIA THROUGH DIFFERENT SCENARIOS ». International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 10, no 4 (15 mai 2020) : 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.9223.

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9

Chepeliev, Maksym, et Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. « Global fossil-fuel subsidy reform and Paris Agreement ». Energy Economics 85 (janvier 2020) : 104598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2019.104598.

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Krane, Jim. « Political enablers of energy subsidy reform in Middle Eastern oil exporters ». Nature Energy 3, no 7 (23 avril 2018) : 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0113-4.

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11

Coxhead, Ian, et Corbett Grainger. « Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in the Developing World : Who Wins, Who Loses, and Why ? » Asian Development Review 35, no 2 (août 2018) : 180–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00119.

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Fossil fuel subsidies are widespread in developing countries, where reform efforts are often derailed by disputes over the likely distribution of gains and losses. The impacts of subsidy reform are transmitted to households through changes in energy prices and prices of other goods and services, as well as through factor earnings. Most empirical studies focus on consumer expenditures alone, and computable general equilibrium analyses typically report only total effects without decomposing them by source. Meanwhile, analytical models neglect important open-economy characteristics relevant to developing countries. In this paper, we develop an analytical model of a small open economy with a preexisting fossil fuel subsidy and identify direct and indirect impacts of subsidy reform on real household incomes. Our results, illustrated with data from Viet Nam, highlight two important drivers of distributional change: (i) the mix of tradable and nontradable goods, reflecting the structure of a trade-dependent economy; and (ii) household heterogeneity in sources of factor income.
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12

Roos, Elizabeth L., et Philip D. Adams. « The Economy-Wide Impact of Subsidy Reform : A CGE Analysis ». World Trade Review 19, S1 (juillet 2020) : s18—s38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745620000257.

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AbstractOil prices fell from around $US110 per barrel in 2014 to less than $US50per barrel at the start of 2017. This put enormous pressure on government budgets within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region. The focus of GCC economic policies quickly shifted to fiscal reform, including the removal of domestic subsidies on energy products. In this paper, we use a dynamic Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to investigate the economic impact of the gradual removal of subsidies on refined petroleum and electricity, with specific reference to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).Our study shows that removing subsidies eliminates a large distortion in the economy. This improves the efficiency of resource use, so that even though employment and capital in most years fall relative to baseline levels, real GDP rises. In addition, we show that fully-funded compensation payments offset the increases in energy prices, leaving economic welfare of the Saudi-national population little affected. Removing the energy subsidies leads to an improvement in the net volume of trade, while leading to a mixed outcome for industries.
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13

Breisinger, Clemens, Askar Mukashov, Mariam Raouf et Manfred Wiebelt. « Energy subsidy reform for growth and equity in Egypt : The approach matters ». Energy Policy 129 (juin 2019) : 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.059.

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14

Shehabi, Manal. « Diversification effects of energy subsidy reform in oil exporters : Illustrations from Kuwait ». Energy Policy 138 (mars 2020) : 110966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110966.

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15

Solaymani, Saeed, et Fatimah Kari. « Impacts of energy subsidy reform on the Malaysian economy and transportation sector ». Energy Policy 70 (juillet 2014) : 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.03.035.

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16

Solaymani, Saeed. « Impacts of energy subsidy reform on poverty and income inequality in Malaysia ». Quality & ; Quantity 50, no 6 (12 novembre 2015) : 2707–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0284-z.

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17

Li, Jing, Lingling Song et Yanchun Zhu. « Subsidies, Clean Heating Choices, and Policy Costs : Evidence from Rural Households in Northern China ». Sustainability 13, no 1 (26 décembre 2020) : 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010169.

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Clean heating renovation is important for optimizing the regional energy structure and improving the quality of the atmospheric environment in Northern China. According to survey data of 1298 rural households in the “coal-to-gas” reform in Hengshui of Hebei Province, in this paper, we construct a clean heating subsidy model which focuses on clean heating choices, the reburning rate, and the subsidy cost. The key parameters affecting farmers’ choice of clean heating, including the lifeline, classification of rural households, and gas price elasticity, are estimated. Furthermore, we simulate changes between the existing and new subsidy policies, including the impact on the welfare of rural residents. We present the following findings: (1) under the current subsidy standard, the level of gas heating lifeline in Hengshui is 700 m3, the proportion of low-gas-consumption households is approximately 47.38%, and the reburning rate ranges from 47.38% to 63.80%; (2) under a new subsidy standard which we designed to ensure that households will not reburn the coal, the optimal subsidy value is 1.23 CNY/m3, the optimal subsidy volume is 970 m3, and the total subsidy demonstrates an increase of 46.21%; and (3) the government’s subsidy standards should focus on low-income households.
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18

Panda, Aurobinda, et Atul Patel. « Competition Law and Competition Issues Affecting the Energy Sector in India ». Journal of Infrastructure Development 3, no 2 (décembre 2011) : 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097493061100300201.

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India faces endemic electrical energy and peaking shortages. The power sector is plagued with mounting commercial losses due to various inefficiencies, colossal commercial and technical losses and increasing subsidy burden on the states. These shortages have had a very detrimental effect on the overall economic growth of the country. In order to revitalise the sector and improve the techno-economic performance, the Government of India initiated the reform process in 1991. This article analyses the pre-reform era and identifies the key concerns which led to the initiation of the reforms. It also analyses the likely impact of the major policy and regulatory initiatives that have been undertaken since 1991 including the provisions of the new enactments which have come into force eventually in the form of the Electricity Act, 2003. This article details out the key features of the Act and its likely impact on the Indian electricity industry in the emerging scenario. The article also discusses major issues like role of the regulator in the new regime, issue of open access, power trading, introduction of power markets and role of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity in harmonising the orders of the various regulators. JEL Classification: K21, Q43
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19

Schaffitzel, Filip, Michael Jakob, Rafael Soria, Adrien Vogt-Schilb et Hauke Ward. « Can government transfers make energy subsidy reform socially acceptable ? A case study on Ecuador ». Energy Policy 137 (février 2020) : 111120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111120.

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20

Sarrakh, Redouane, Suresh Renukappa, Subashini Suresh et Sabah Mushatat. « Impact of subsidy reform on the kingdom of Saudi Arabia's economy and carbon emissions ». Energy Strategy Reviews 28 (mars 2020) : 100465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100465.

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21

Delzeit, Ruth, Karin Holm-Müller et Wolfgang Britz. « Ökonomische Bewertung des Erneuerbare Energien Gesetzes zur Förderung von Biogas ». Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik 13, no 3 (août 2012) : 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2516.2012.00388.x.

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AbstractThe Renewable-Energy-Source-Act (EEG) promotes German biogas production in order to substitute fossil fuels, protect the environment and prevent climate change. In this paper we quantitatively analyse the EEG-reform in 2008. Results imply that the reform contributes to an expansion of biogas electricity generation and thus to substitution of fossil fuels. However, subsidies, land and transport emissions per unit of electricity produced increase. An alternative analysis shows that an EEG with tariffs independent from plant-types would provide the highest subsidy-efficiency, lower land requirements and higher transport emissions compared to EEG before its reformation.
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22

Barkhordar, Zahra A., Samaneh Fakouriyan et Siamak Sheykhha. « The role of energy subsidy reform in energy efficiency enhancement : Lessons learnt and future potential for Iranian industries ». Journal of Cleaner Production 197 (octobre 2018) : 542–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.231.

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23

Farajzadeh, Zakariya, et Mohammad Bakhshoodeh. « Economic and environmental analyses of Iranian energy subsidy reform using Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model ». Energy for Sustainable Development 27 (août 2015) : 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2015.06.002.

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McCulloch, Neil, Tom Moerenhout et Joonseok Yang. « Fuel subsidy reform and the social contract in Nigeria : A micro-economic analysis ». Energy Policy 156 (septembre 2021) : 112336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112336.

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Xu, Lingyan, Fenglian Huang, Jianguo Du et Dandan Wang. « Decisions in Power Supply Chain with Emission Reduction Effort of Coal-Fired Power Plant under the Power Market Reform ». Sustainability 12, no 16 (14 août 2020) : 6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166582.

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Sustainability in power supply chain has been supported by emission reduction of coal-fired power generation and increasing renewable energy power generation. Under the power market reform of direct power purchase transactions, this paper focuses on the channel selection and emission reduction decisions of power supply chain. From the theoretical perspective, this paper develops the decision-making models of centralized and decentralized power supply chain, which consist of one renewable energy power generation enterprise, one coal-fired power plant and one power grid enterprise. The optimal strategies of power quantities and profits for power supply chain members and their corresponding numerical experiments are analyzed in different cases. The results show that there are qA1Nc*<qA1Lc* for renewable energy power generation enterprise A, qB1Nc*>qB1Lc* and eBNc*>eBLc* for coal-fired power plant B, which indicate that the direct power purchase channel in the centralized scenario is conducive to promoting the transaction quantity of renewable energy power generation, as well as the on-grid power quantity and emission reduction efforts of coal-fired power plant B. Furthermore, the profit of whole power supply chain could be enhanced by the increasing on-grid power preference coefficient of coal-fired power generation, subsidy for renewable energy power generation and preference coefficient for clean production, and by the decreasing emission reduction cost coefficient of coal-fired power plant. Additionally, the emission reduction effort of coal-fired power plant is positively relevant with preference coefficient for clean production, whereas it is negatively relevant with power grid wheeling charge, emission reduction cost coefficient and subsidy for renewable energy power generation. Our findings can provide useful managerial insights for policymakers and enterprises in the sustainability of power supply chain.
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Solaymani, Saeed, Roozbeh Kardooni, Fatimah Kari et Sumiani Binti Yusoff. « Economic and environmental impacts of energy subsidy reform and oil price shock on the Malaysian transport sector ». Travel Behaviour and Society 2, no 2 (mai 2015) : 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2014.09.001.

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Cockburn, John, Véronique Robichaud et Luca Tiberti. « Energy Subsidy Reform and Poverty in Arab Countries : A Comparative CGE-Microsimulation Analysis of Egypt and Jordan ». Review of Income and Wealth 64 (10 avril 2017) : S249—S273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12309.

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Moodley, S., RM Mabugu et R. Hassan. « Analysing scenarios for energy emissions reduction in South Africa ». Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 16, no 4 (1 novembre 2005) : 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2005/v16i4a3079.

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Global environmental pressure dictates that South Africa reduces its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while national objectives focus on economic development. South Africa is faced with the dilemma of simultaneously alleviating poverty, reducing unemployment, growing the economy and responding to international pressure to reduce GHG emissions. As a result, policies that promote energy emissions reduction without being harmful to economic growth and national developmental priorities are needed. Environmental fiscal reform presents one such option. The impact of this is still unclear for South Africa, and this paper explores this issue. Energy balance data on energy consumption, energy emissions and input-output data for South Africa are used to assess the economic and environmental effects of environmental reform in the energy sector. Despite the high reduction in energy emissions, a tax on coal is not selected as the best alternative given the high negative impact on the economy. A tax on oil results in a low reduction in energy emissions, which limits its use as an environmental policy. The scenario using a petroleum products tax results in small decreases in economic growth but it has low energy emissions reduction, hence, this alternative is not selected as an option. Energy subsidy reform offers the second highest reduction in real energy emissions and a low decrease in economic growth, and this scenario is therefore recognised as the best option for carbon dioxide reduction in South Africa. The electricity tax offers moderate reductions in real energy emissions and a moderate decrease in economic growth, and therefore, it is deduced that the electricity tax option could be another option for carbon dioxide emissions reduction in South Africa.
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Mostafa, Mohammed Galal Abdallah. « THE IMPACT OF ENERGY SUBSIDY REFORM ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN EGYPT OVER THE PERIOD FROM 2013 TO 2020 ». International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 11, no 4 (8 juin 2021) : 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11210.

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Nurliyanti, Vetri, Marlina Pandin, Guntur Tri Setiadanu, Harun Al Rasyid, Dian Galuh Cendrawati, Anthony Halog et Muhammad Indra al Irsyad. « Exploring Alternative Policies to Reduce Electricity Subsidies in Indonesia ». E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021) : 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129402005.

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Electricity subsidies in Indonesia remain high and tend to increase. Existing studies generally propose electricity subsidy reform through economic price adjustment; however, this option potentially arises political and social conflicts. The government and the State Electricity Company have also undertaken several measures to decrease electricity supply costs but those measures remain ineffective due to increasing energy prices needed as fuels for power generations. Our study analyses the effectiveness of two alternative grants for LED lamps and rooftop photovoltaic (PV), to reduce electricity subsidies for low-income residential customers with 450 VA and 900 VA electricity capacity limits. The analysis result is that replacing existing lamps with LED lamps for all those customers will cost the government US$ 313.7 million but potentially decrease electricity subsidies to US$ 208.7 million/ year for 15 years. On the other hand, installing the rooftop PV system is ineffective to bring down the electricity subsidies. The investment cost of the on-grid rooftop PV system is between US$ 827.6 and US$ 1,310.3 per house, while the electricity subsidy savings for 20 years are between US$ 724.1 and US$ 744.8.
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Matsuo, Tyeler, et Tobias S. Schmidt. « Hybridizing low-carbon technology deployment policy and fossil fuel subsidy reform : a climate finance perspective ». Environmental Research Letters 12, no 1 (4 janvier 2017) : 014002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa5384.

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Dong, Fugui, Lei Shi, Xiaohui Ding, Yuan Li et Yongpeng Shi. « Study on China’s Renewable Energy Policy Reform and Improved Design of Renewable Portfolio Standard ». Energies 12, no 11 (4 juin 2019) : 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112147.

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China officially implemented the renewable portfolio standard (RPS) on 1 January 2019, and it remains uncertain as to whether this can effectively solve the problem of renewable energy consumption in China and ease the pressure of government subsidies. In order to study the impact of this policy on China’s renewable energy power generation and explore RPS policy that is more suitable for the characteristics of China’s renewable energy, we first develop a revenue function model based on the just released RPS policy to explore the effectiveness of the policy, the feasibility conditions for successful implementation, and the problems that may be encountered during the implementation process. Then, we propose policy recommendations based on the possible problems of the current policy and design an “incremental electricity price” supplementary policy to improve the possibility of successful implementation of the RPS policy. Finally, an evolutionary game model is established to simulate and verify the possibility of successful implementation of the supplementary policy. The main research results are: (1) the essence of the current RPS policy is the comprehensive implementation policy of the RPS and feed-in-tariff (FiT); (2) because of the characteristics of China’s energy structure, the implementation of this policy reform is more resistant; (3) the quantitative research on the revenue function model shows that the current transaction price of the green certificate market is very low, which is not conducive to alleviating the state’s subsidy pressure on renewable energy power generation; and (4) analysis of empirical data shows that the successful implementation of the “incremental electricity price” policy relies on the initial strategies of grid companies and users.
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Newbery, David M. « Towards a green energy economy ? The EU Energy Union’s transition to a low-carbon zero subsidy electricity system – Lessons from the UK’s Electricity Market Reform ». Applied Energy 179 (octobre 2016) : 1321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.01.046.

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Aufan, Dimas Abi. « The Influence of Government Subsidy and Pro-environmental Gaps on Electricity-saving Behaviors of Households in Indonesia ». Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 1, no 3 (30 décembre 2020) : 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v1i3.88.

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This research analyzes whether electricity subsidy as an external factor and pro-environmental intention and acts as internal factors have any relationship on households' electricity-saving behaviors in Indonesia. To this end, Indonesia's household data from the National Socioeconomic Survey of Indonesia (SUSENAS) in 2017 is empirically analyzed. Using logit regression with control factors such as dwellings and sociodemographic characteristics, the statistical analysis reveals that subsidized households areless likely to save electricity in their daily lives. Furthermore, families with higher pro-environmental intentions are not necessarily likely to save electricity, while households who are accustomed to pro-environmental routines are likely to do so. These demonstrate the existence ofinternal gaps between their pro-environmental intention and the acts, suggesting that electricity subsidies reform and program should be considered along with the way how intention-act gaps can be mitigated at household levels for energy saving.
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Sihotang, Parulian, et Sampe L. Purba. « Impact of Covid-19 on Energy Transition Policy in Emerging Countries : Case of Indonesia ». Global Energy Law and Sustainability 1, no 2 (août 2020) : 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2020.0017.

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Covid-19 pandemic has caused not only a global health emergency, but it has also created the market and economic disruptions. Countries’ aspirations for a swift transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy towards lower-carbon economy will be halted since they have now a priority to deal with health emergency and economic burden. However, despite the expected economic recession, there are reasons to remain optimistic, especially for the renewable sector to grow positively during this period of crisis. It is worth noting that renewables were the only source that posted growth in demand during the crisis. Declining energy demand during the crisis as well as low bank interest has provided an opportunity for governments and the private sector to pursue their renewable project agenda. In the case of emerging countries such as Indonesia, the international low oil price has provided an excellent opportunity for consumption subsidy further reform for sustainable development reasons. It is in this time of crisis, the spirit of partnership and co-operation among global citizenship is becoming increasingly crucial to be significantly strengthened to achieve global energy transition target and succeed in striking the balance of energy trilemma – energy security, social impact and environmental sensitivity.
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Raguzin, Igor, et Zeljko Tomsic. « Legislation framework for Croatian renewable energy sources development ». Thermal Science 11, no 3 (2007) : 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0703027r.

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The energy sector reform in the Republic of Croatia (started 2001), which comprises restructuring, liberalization, privatization, and changes in the overall energy sector, has a significant effect on the possibilities of introducing and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES). The adoption of a new legislative framework within the context of reforming Croatia?s energy sector is of key importance for further development and for the future or RES utilization. The Electricity Market Act sets out the le- gal obligation to purchase electricity produced from RES in the manner that a quota or a minimum obligatory share of RES in electricity production is determined by a Government ordinance combined with Tariff system for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources and co-generation. Consequently, on the one hand, incentive funds needed to cover increased costs of production from RES will be collected from customers through the supplier and distributed to privileged producers (feed-in-tariffs, purchase is guaranteed to RES producers on known terms) through the Market Opera- tor. On the other hand, RES investment projects will be encouraged by pur- pose-specific government subsidy and by the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (out of public budget). By applying new energy legislation and associated by-laws (coming into force in 2007), RES projects in Croatia will be provided with a complete and stable legal framework as well as support through incentive measures which will equitably value environmental, social and other benefits of RES use.
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Haase, Isabel, et Herena Torio. « The Impact of the Climate Action Programme 2030 and Federal State Measures on the Uptake of Renewable Heating Systems in Lower Saxony’s Building Stock ». Energies 14, no 9 (28 avril 2021) : 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092533.

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A heating transition is urgently needed to fulfil the national CO2 reduction targets in Germany. Thus, in 2019, there has been a strong policy push towards increasing the share of renewables in heating through the introduction of the Climate Action Programme 2030 and the reform of existing policies. In addition to the policy landscape on the national level, federal states have further leeway to implement policies; these options are currently largely unresearched. In order to fill this gap, we developed a System Dynamics Model for Lower Saxony to determine the effect of recent policy changes as well as additional regional subsidy schemes on the heating market. The results show that even though changes in subsidies can increase the renewable uptake considerably, the CO2e and energy demand reduction targets are not met in any of the examined scenarios. Furthermore, the model shows that policy formulation must take the inertia of the sector into account and completely turn away from fossil fuels to reach the stipulated emission reductions.
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Schmidt, Tobias S., Tyeler Matsuo et Axel Michaelowa. « Renewable energy policy as an enabler of fossil fuel subsidy reform ? Applying a socio-technical perspective to the cases of South Africa and Tunisia ». Global Environmental Change 45 (juillet 2017) : 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.05.004.

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Allali, Khalil, Boubaker Dhehibi, Shinan N. Kassam et Aden Aw-Hassan. « Energy Consumption in Onion and Potato Production within the Province of El Hajeb (Morocco) : Towards Energy Use Efficiency in Commercialized Vegetable Production ». Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no 1 (7 décembre 2016) : 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n1p118.

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<p>Energy use efficiency is a key requirement for sustainability in agricultural production, but often overlooked. The aim of this study was to quantify the amount and efficiency of energy consumed in the production of onions and potatoes in El Hajeb province of Morocco. These estimates are of significant importance in informing contemporary policy discourse related to energy subsidy reform in Morocco, and more specifically within an ongoing national strategy for ‘modernizing’ the agricultural sector under the ‘Green Morocco Plan’. Data were collected through the administration of a direct questionnaire with 60 farmers and analyzed using PLANETE. Our results indicate that total energy consumption in onion production is 107483 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup> with butane (79.5%) as the main source of direct energy. Chemical fertilizers (61.53%) and water for irrigation (30%) were main sources of indirect energy. Energy indices related to energy efficiency ratios, energy profitability and energy productivity were estimated at 0.78, -0.22 and 0.54 kg MJ<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Total energy consumption in potato production was estimated at 74,270 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup>, with direct energy consumption of 28,521 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup> stemming from butane (70%) and diesel (19.14%) as primary sources. Indirect energy consumption was estimated at 45749 MJ ha<sup>-1</sup> and generated principally through the use of fertilizers (60%). Energy indices (efficiency, profitability and productivity) were estimated at 1.54, 0.54, and 0.45 kg MJ<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. GHG emissions were found to be 3.47 t CO<sub>2eq</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup> in the production of onions and 3.63 t CO<sub>2eq</sub> ha<sup>-1</sup> for potatoes. We find that within the study area, increases in the size of production plots are not necessarily consistent with increases in energy use efficiency.</p>
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Khan, Zaffar, Kathryn Siriram et Kyren Greigg. « Fiscal incentives promoting REEE measures in Trinidad and Tobago ». World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 11, no 3 (29 juillet 2014) : 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-06-2014-0013.

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Purpose – Dependence on foreign energy supplies have resulted in some islands successfully harnessing alternative and renewable energy (RE) sources in order to provide a small degree of self-sufficiency. However, the development of Trinidad and Tobago's (T&T's) RE industry has stagnated largely due to the existence of substantial energy subsidies, which present cheap fuel and electricity prices thus providing a disincentive to RE investment. The purpose of this paper is to seek to re-enforce the necessity for an indissoluble government intervention in the establishment of well-designed, coordinated and innovative public-private partnerships for a successful RE industry in T&T. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a review of relevant social and economic literary sources; the research topic has been meticulously investigated. Findings – Initial outcomes indicate that the principal facilitators of RE proliferation in the Caribbean, and more so T&T, will require: gradual reduction of the energy subsidy; declining project costs via fiscal incentives and grant financing; expectation of beneficial rates of return on investment through the guarantee of optimal prices for renewable electricity or the revenue gained from the sale of carbon credits; and capacity building, institutional strengthening and implementation of appropriate legislative and regulatory instruments which provide open access to the national grid. Research limitations/implications – With the exception of T&T, Caribbean nations are heavily dependent on oil and gas imports to meet their primary energy requirements. The investigation conducted has limited documentation on cases of a similar nature within the region. The outcome of the steps identified above are based on conjecture using information gained from international situations. Practical implications – The study helps clarify the crucial role of T&T's government in the successful development of the RE industry. Resources and earnings should be used to develop T&T's infant RE industry and hence reduce the carbon footprint of the nation. Originality/value – Past attempts by the government to promote RE an energy efficiency in T&T have been passive and prevaricated. In addition to outlining the existing fiscal initiatives available to the population, this paper provides short-, medium- and long-term recommendations for the sustainability of RE in T&T. While subsidy reform, among others, poses a challenge it is nonetheless imperative if T&T is to move forward. With the abundance of solar, wind and waste-to-energy resources there is great potential for a successful RE industry in T&T. More than just policy will be required to drive change; greater commitment by the government to ensure the sustainability and economic viability of T&T while also attempting to alter the mindset of the citizenry to act as effective stewards of the island's resources for the well-being of future generations.
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Timilsina, Govinda R., et Sheoli Pargal. « Economics of energy subsidy reforms in Bangladesh ». Energy Policy 142 (juillet 2020) : 111539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111539.

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Moskaliuk, Serhii. « Areas of improvement of implementation mechanisms state energy policy of Ukraine ». Public administration and local government 44, no 1 (10 mars 2020) : 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/102008.

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To ensure the national interests of Ukraine in the sustainable development of the economy, civil society and the state; in order to achieve growth in the standard and quality of life of the population, respect for the constitutional rights and freedoms of the individual and citizen, on September 30, 2019, the President of Ukraine signed the Decree «On the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the Period up to 2030». One of the seventeen goals of Ukraine’s sustainable development for the period up to 2030 was «ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy sources for all». The stated goal of sustainable development of Ukraine for the period until 2030 should be a benchmark for determining the directions of improvement of the state energy policy of Ukraine in the context of the development of relevant draft forecast and program documents, draft legislative and regulatory acts in order to ensure a balanced sustainable development of the energy sector of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of improvement of mechanisms of realization of the state energy policy of Ukraine in the current conditions. In order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the state energy policy, it is advisable to:- increase of natural gas, oil, shale gas, coal (methane) gas production;- creation of minimum reserves of oil and petroleum products, taking into account the requirements of the European Union for the creation and maintenance of such reserves;- protection of national interests, ensuring equal opportunities for the use of subsoil, open auctions for the sale of special permits for the use of subsoil, transparency of the state monitoring system for the use and protection of subsoil, strengthening control and accountability for violations of requirements in the field of subsoil use;- ensuring energy sustainability of Ukraine;- annual approval of Ukraine’s forecast fuel and energy balance;- introduction of mechanisms to promote energy efficiency and economical use of energy resources by all categories of energy consumers;- regulation of the issue of determining the volume of creation of the natural gas insurance reserve for 2020;- transition to natural gas payments for energy;- preserving the transit of natural gas and increasing its volumes through the gas transmission system of Ukraine;- repayment of arrears and payment of salaries to employees of state-owned coal-mining enterprises, preventing such arrears in the future;- diversification of sources and routes of supply of oil, petroleum products, natural and liquefied gas, coal of anthracite grades, providing for supply from one source not more than 30 percent of total volumes of supply;- Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine to investigate, in accordance with the established procedure, violations of the requirements of the legislation on protection of economic competition by economic entities operating in the energy markets, and take appropriate response measures.To form a competitive electricity market on a long-term basis, the following strategic steps should be implemented:- raise tariffs for the population to an economically sound level and eliminate the cross-subsidy system;- to conduct auctions for the construction of RES and high maneuver sources to balance the grid;- launch a fully competitive electricity market in Ukraine with minimal administrative interference in pricing processes;- to integrate the Ukrainian grid with the European ENTSO-E and to ensure the possibility of export-import flows.Conclusions from this research and perspectives of future development in current area. Thus, the study of the efficiency and effectiveness of the state energy policy and the level of development of the energy sector of the country in modern conditions testifies to the need for its further comprehensive reform. It is advisable to implement the improvement of the state energy policy of Ukraine by separate mechanisms: political-administrative, legislative-regulatory, financial-economic, social-communication. Within these mechanisms, it is necessary to develop and implement tools for solving these problems and contradictions in the processes of reforming the energy sector, taking into account the processes of European integration of Ukraine.
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Gharibnavaz, Mohammad Reza, et Robert Waschik. « Food and energy subsidy reforms in Iran : A general equilibrium analysis ». Journal of Policy Modeling 37, no 5 (septembre 2015) : 726–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2015.07.002.

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Osunmuyiwa, Olufolahan, et Agni Kalfagianni. « The Oil Climax : Can Nigeria’s fuel subsidy reforms propel energy transitions ? » Energy Research & ; Social Science 27 (mai 2017) : 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.03.003.

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Jain, Anil K. « A fine balance : Lessons from India's experience with petroleum subsidy reforms ». Energy Policy 119 (août 2018) : 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.050.

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Khalid, Syed Adnan, et Verda Salman. « “Welfare impact of electricity subsidy reforms in Pakistan : A micro model study” ». Energy Policy 137 (février 2020) : 111097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111097.

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SHADIKHODJAEV, SHERZOD. « Renewable Energy and Government Support : Time to ‘Green’ the SCM Agreement ? » World Trade Review 14, no 3 (27 octobre 2014) : 479–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474745614000317.

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AbstractMany governments provide subsidies to shift from ‘dirty’ but cheap fossil fuels to ‘clean’ but expensive renewable energy. Recently, public incentives in the renewable energy sector have been challenged through both dispute settlement procedures of the World Trade Organization and domestic countervailing duty investigations. One may expect that trade frictions in this field will intensify over time. This article argues that the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures – a multilateral trade treaty on subsidization and anti-subsidy measures – should be revised to give more policy space to national authorities in implementing their low-carbon programmes. The Appellate Body made a few climate-friendly interpretations in Canada–Renewable Energy/Canada–Feed-In Tariff Program. It is now members’ turn to carry out meaningful rule-making reforms. This article explores some ways to ‘green’ the existing disciplines.
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Al-Saidi, Mohammad. « Instruments of energy subsidy reforms in Arab countries — The case of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries ». Energy Reports 6 (février 2020) : 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2019.08.020.

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Acharya, Abhijeet. « Advent of Renewable Energy Market– Understanding Critical Success Factors in PPA Model ». Energy and Environment Research 11, no 1 (19 février 2021) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/eer.v11n1p1.

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Under the market reforms, the unbundling of energy systems has opened new areas for value creation at a competitive price, which was impossible in centralized energy markets dominated by utilities. The renewable energy market via Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) has emerged as a realistic business proposition within such reforms. In the last decade, the renewable energy market based on the PPA scheme has seen unprecedented growth in Europe and North America. The falling cost of renewable energy and exigency to achieve energy transition targets have created new opportunities for Independent Power Producers (IPP) via the PPA route. Alongside, the PPA improves bankability and ensures a long-term revenue stream for renewable energy projects in the subsidy-free environment. On the contrary, the complexity of PPA models, market risks, and intermittency of energy generation pose challenges to IPPs and buyers. Considering PPA is an evolving concept, this paper aims to contribute to the existing knowledge on PPAs by analyzing critical success factors in the PPA model. During analysis, the elements that emerged as critical success factors are 1) tariff design, 2) bankability to secure funds, 3) addressing intermittency, and 4) stakeholder engagement. With a focus on regional settings and emerging trends, this paper discussed the rationale for PPA model selection, risk management practices, and strategic partnerships for value creation. During analysis, we also observed that the PPA schemes are driven by local market configuration, demand patterns, and country-specific policies.
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Horoshkova, Lidiia, Іevhen Khlobystov et Uliana Pysmenna. « Sustainable development potential of the Zaporizhzhia region in decentralization conditions (the case of labour and agricultural resources) ». University Economic Bulletin, no 44 (12 février 2020) : 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2020-44-87-98.

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Actuality of research theme. Transformation of the administrative and territorial system in Ukraine is one of the components of the reforms that Ukrainian society needs. One of the ten priorities of the Ukraine 2020 Strategy for Sustainable Development [1] approved by the Presidential Decree is decentralization and reform of the state socio-economic system, restructuring of the territorial organization of economic objects. Therefore, Ukraine and its economy need urgent scientific substantiation and practical implementation of measures for sustainable geospatial development of the country in the conditions of transformation of the administrative-territorial structure, provided the effective use of available potential. Problem statement. To ensure the effectiveness of the process of reforming the administrative and territorial structure of the country, new models, tools and mechanisms of governance and decision-making are needed that will ensure the sustainable development of territories, regions and the state as a whole. That is why there is a need to identify priority factors for the development and use of the territories' potential, which ensures their sustainable geospatial development in the long term. Analysis of the last researches and publications. Such scientists are engaged in the modern aspects of decision of problems of decentralization and reformation of administrative-territorial device in a country, as Pavliuk A. P., Oliinyk D. I., Batalov O. A., Datsko O. I., Murkovych L. L., Molodozhen Yu. B.and other [1-4]. The results of own researches of problem are in to [5-12]. Selection of unexplored parts of general issue. The issue of managing the sustainable development of territories in the context of decentralization requires special attention and in-depth research, both theoretical and practical. Therefore, there is a need to conduct research into the factors influencing the potential of sustainable development of territorial communities at the current stage of reforming the administrative and territorial structure of the country. Task statement, research aim. The purpose of the study is to investigate the components of the effectiveness of the decentralization process and the conditions for the formation of financially viable and self-sufficient united territorial communities (UTC) on the basis of sustainable development of territories and the national economy. Method or methodology of realization of research. In the process of realization researches drawn on scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analytical grouping) and special (abstracting, economical-mathematical design, etc.) methods of study of the economic phenomena and processes. Exposition of basic material (job performances). The paper analyzes the level of financial capacity of the UTC in Zaporizhzhia region and the factors influencing its level. The method of clustering of UTC by the level of financial capacity using statistical indicators of relative frequency and frequency with the subsequent determination of the confidence interval for mediums is proposed. The following were selected as the clustering criteria for assessing financial capacity: income per person; own income per person; infrastructure subsidy for one person. As factors of influence on the level of utilization and development of labor potential it is suggested to use the indicator of development expenditures (capital expenditures) per person. It is established that the main factors of formation of financial capacity and self-sufficiency of the UNC are not the population but the resource potential. The components of this potential are natural-geographical (land, forest, water, mineral, biological, energy) and socio-economic (material, financial, human and intangible) resources. Dispersion analysis has shown that the size of the ATG does not affect the level of their financial capacity and efficiency. Conclusions. The paper analyzes the level of financial capacity of the UTC in Zaporizhzhia region and the factors influencing its level. The technique of clustering of UTC by financial capacity level using the statistical indicators of relative frequency and frequency is proposed. It has been established that the main factors of formation of financial capacity and self-sufficiency of UTC are resource potential, which are components of natural-geographical and socio-economic resources. Dispersion analysis has shown that the size of the UTC does not affect the level of their financial capacity and efficiency.
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