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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Epidemiological standardisation »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 7 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 2 août 2025

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Gürtler, Volker. "Predicting genome variations between passages of Clostridium difficle by ribotypes." Microbiology Australia 36, no. 3 (2015): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma15038.

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Ribotyping is the most widely used method for differentiating strains of Clostridium difficile for epidemiological studies and infection control. Recently there have been calls for standardisation of the technique to which sophisticated technical solutions have been offered. This note offers a solution for standardisation based on conserved rrn operon Type-specific flanking genes. Furthermore, this technique can be used to detect Type-specific rrn operon deletions in passages from a single strain of C. difficile

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Modig, Karin, Roland Rau, and Anders Ahlbom. "Life expectancy: what does it measure?" BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (2020): e035932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035932.

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Life expectancy (LE) is considered a straightforward summary measure of mortality that comes with an implicit age standardisation. Thus, it has become common to present differences in mortality across populations as differences in LE, instead of, say, relative risks. However, most of the time LE does not quite provide what the term promises. LE is based on a synthetic cohort and is therefore not the true LE of anyone. Also, the implicit age standardisation is construed in such a way that it can be questioned whether it standardises age at all. In this paper, we examine LE from the point of vie

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Chambers, Tim, Simon Hales, Nick Wilson, and Michael Baker. "Improvements to Drinking Water." Policy Quarterly 18, no. 2 (2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/pq.v18i2.7571.

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Taumata Arowai, the new independent water services regulator, recently consulted publicly on the drinking water rules for water suppliers. We use a case study on nitrate and official information requests to demonstrate the current weaknesses in the drinking water monitoring and reporting systems and why the reforms proposed by Taumata Arowai seem unlikely to substantively address many of these deficiencies. To ensure sufficient public health surveillance and robust epidemiological research into the potential health impacts of drinking water contaminants, Taumata Arowai should: 1) establish a n

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Manuguerra, J. C., P. Taylor, and R. Snacken. "European Influenza Surveillance Scheme on the Internet." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 03 (1998): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634531.

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AbstractIn 1995, The European Influenza Surveillance Scheme was created with the participation of eight networks from seven countries. The main objectives were to continue the previous CARE Telematics Network and to adapt the project to the Internet environment as well as to improve substantially the quality of the surveillance according to new epidemiological requirements. Clinical and virological data from the general population and hospitals are collected in an interactive real-time database which can then be used for data entry, queries and consultations. Research programmes have been unde

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Wu, Lindsey, Tom Hall, Isaac Ssewanyana, et al. "Optimisation and standardisation of a multiplex immunoassay of diverse Plasmodium falciparum antigens to assess changes in malaria transmission using sero-epidemiology." Wellcome Open Research 4 (February 8, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14950.1.

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Background: Antibody responses have been used to characterise transmission and exposure history in malaria-endemic settings for over a decade. Such studies have typically been conducted on well-standardised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). However, recently developed quantitative suspension array technologies (qSAT) are now capable of high-throughput and multiplexed screening of up to hundreds of analytes at a time. This study presents a customised protocol for the Luminex MAGPIX© qSAT using a diverse set of malaria antigens. The aim is to develop a standardised assay for routine s

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Wu, Lindsey, Tom Hall, Isaac Ssewanyana, et al. "Optimisation and standardisation of a multiplex immunoassay of diverse Plasmodium falciparum antigens to assess changes in malaria transmission using sero-epidemiology." Wellcome Open Research 4 (April 23, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14950.2.

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Background: Antibody responses have been used to characterise transmission and exposure history in malaria-endemic settings for over a decade. Such studies have typically been conducted on well-standardised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). However, recently developed quantitative suspension array technologies (qSAT) are now capable of high-throughput and multiplexed screening of up to hundreds of analytes at a time. This study presents a customised protocol for the Luminex MAGPIX© qSAT using a diverse set of malaria antigens. The aim is to develop a standardised assay for routine s

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Guseva Canu, Irina, Paul A. Schulte, Michael Riediker, Liliya Fatkhutdinova, and Enrico Bergamaschi. "Methodological, political and legal issues in the assessment of the effects of nanotechnology on human health." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 2 (2017): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2016-208668.

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Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) raise questions among the scientific community and public health authorities about their potential risks to human health. Studying a prospective cohort of workers exposed to ENMs would be considered the gold standard for identifying potential health effects of nanotechnology and confirming the ‘no effect’ levels derived from cellular and animal models. However, because only small, cross-sectional studies have been conducted in the past 5 years, questions remain about the health risks of ENMs. This essay addresses the scientific, methodological, political and reg

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Nair, Manisha, Babul Bezbaruah, Amrit Krishna Bora, et al. "Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): methodology for establishing a hospital-based research platform in a low and middle income country setting." F1000Research 9 (January 26, 2021): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24923.3.

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Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidence-based pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process. Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has be

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Nair, Manisha, Babul Bezbaruah, Amrit Krishna Bora, et al. "Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): methodology for establishing a hospital-based research platform in a low and middle income country setting." F1000Research 9 (July 7, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24923.1.

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Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidence-based pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process. Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has be

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Nair, Manisha, Babul Bezbaruah, Amrit Krishna Bora, et al. "Maternal and perinatal Health Research Collaboration, India (MaatHRI): methodology for establishing a hospital-based research platform in a low and middle income country setting." F1000Research 9 (August 17, 2020): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24923.2.

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Background: Maternal and perinatal Health Research collaboration, India (MaatHRI) is a research platform that aims to improve evidence-based pregnancy care and outcomes for mothers and babies in India, a country with the second highest burden of maternal and perinatal deaths. The objective of this paper is to describe the methods used to establish and standardise the platform and the results of the process. Methods: MaatHRI is a hospital-based collaborative research platform. It is adapted from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS) and built on a pilot model (IndOSS-Assam), which has be

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Olaleye, O., U. Ekrikpo, O. Lyne, and J. Wiseberg. "Incidence and survival trends of lip, intra-oral cavity and tongue base cancers in south-east England." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, no. 3 (2015): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x14055925061676.

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Background Oral cavity cancers are on the increase in the UK. Understanding site-specific epidemiological trends is important for cancer control measures. This study demonstrates the changing epidemiological trends in lip, intra-oral cavity and tongue base cancers in south-east England from 1987 to 2006. Aim: Methods This was a retrospective study using anonymised data obtained from the Thames Cancer Registry (TCR) London. Data were analysed using SPSS v.17 and survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Age standardisation of the incidence rates was performed. It was conducted in

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Yániz, J. L., M. A. Silvestre, P. Santolaria, and C. Soler. "CASA-Mot in mammals: an update." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 6 (2018): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd17432.

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Sperm motility is one of the most widely used parameters of sperm quality. Computer-aided sperm motility analysis (CASA-Mot) systems were developed to reduce the subjectivity of sperm motility assessment, and have had broad scientific and practical acceptance. In this review, the sources of variation and current applications of this technology and its relationships with other sperm quality tests are described in detail. Despite remarkable advances in the technique, there is still great need for standardisation in many species, and the numerous factors that affect the results make it difficult

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Badker, Rinette, Kierste Miller, Chris Pardee, et al. "Challenges in reported COVID-19 data: best practices and recommendations for future epidemics." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 5 (2021): e005542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005542.

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The proliferation of composite data sources tracking the COVID-19 pandemic emphasises the need for such databases during large-scale infectious disease events as well as the potential pitfalls due to the challenges of combining disparate data sources. Multiple organisations have attempted to standardise the compilation of disparate data from multiple sources during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, each composite data source can use a different approach to compile data and address data issues with varying results.We discuss some best practices for researchers endeavouring to create such compilat

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Gusmão, R., and J. M. Caldas de Almeida. "Depressive Disorders in Portugal: EAAD and the Depanx Project Regional Baseline Data and the WMH Survey National Data." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70400-6.

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Firstly, recent data on depressive disorders and suicidality burden in Portugal is presented and treatment gap is stressed as well as the insufficient information until recent years (1).At the national level, the first epidemiological study on psychiatric disorders embedded within the World Mental Initiative Survey is ongoing and prevalence and needs for care data will be presented.Implementation process of the EAAD 4-level intervention in Portugal is ongoing along with restructuring of both liaison and specialized mental health care on a regional sector of 350.000 inhabitants with a mental he

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Russo, Antonello, Laura Maria Beatrice Belotti, and Emilio AL Gianicolo. "Municipal breast and colorectal–anal cancer mortality in Sardinia, Italy from 2012 to 2020: application of a hierarchical Bayesian method." BMJ Public Health 2, no. 2 (2024): e000855. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000855.

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BackgroundExcess mortality rates for breast cancer and colorectal–anal cancer in Sardinia are reported in the literature. The aim of the study is to analyse mortality for both cancer entities in Sardinian at municipality level.MethodsSex-specific mortality rates by region and municipality of residence were computed using data from the Italian National Institute of Statistics for the years 2012–2020. Causes of death for malignant breast cancer in women and colorectal–anal cancer in both genders were analysed. The epidemiological analysis was based on the direct and indirect standardisation meth

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Zimandlová, Dana, and Ilja Tachecí. "Use of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 79, no. 3 (2025): 177–84. https://doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2025177.

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Summary: Background: Artifi cial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance and standardise the quality of colonoscopy. Its benefi ts include improved lesion detection, support for examination quality, and potential cost reduction by limiting the need for histological analyses and improving colorectal cancer screening strategies. Purpose: This review aims to evaluate current applications of AI in colonoscopy, focusing on computer-aided detection (CADe), computer-aided dia gnosis (CADx), assessment of infl ammatory bowel dis ease (IBD), quality indicators of colonoscopy, and an

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Yang, Peizeng, Zhenyu Zhong, Liping Du, et al. "Prevalence and clinical features of systemic diseases in Chinese patients with uveitis." British Journal of Ophthalmology 105, no. 1 (2020): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-315960.

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PurposeSystemic diseases are frequently associated with uveitis but are often not recognised by clinicians. An estimate of the prevalence in a large-scale uveitis population is essential for understanding the epidemiological profile and may be helpful for clinical practice.DesignA nationwide survey.MethodsData were obtained from a national database which included the registration of uveitis cases from 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 4 municipalities across mainland China. The primary outcome was identification of a systemic disease associated with uveitis.ResultsFrom April 2008 through

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Morris, Joan K., Ester Garne, Maria Loane, et al. "EUROlinkCAT protocol for a European population-based data linkage study investigating the survival, morbidity and education of children with congenital anomalies." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (2021): e047859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047859.

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IntroductionCongenital anomalies (CAs) are a major cause of infant mortality, childhood morbidity and long-term disability. Over 130 000 children born in Europe every year will have a CA. This paper describes the EUROlinkCAT study, which is investigating the health and educational outcomes of children with CAs for the first 10 years of their lives.Methods and analysisEUROCAT is a European network of population-based registries for the epidemiological surveillance of CAs. EUROlinkCAT is using the EUROCAT infrastructure to support 22 EUROCAT registries in 14 countries to link their data on birth

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Кабиева, Асем, Жания Джумадилдаева, Жанар Еламанова, and Жанна Бейсекова. "Evaluating the effectiveness of public-private partnership projects in health care." «МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК АУДИТ – ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АУДИТ» 64, no. 3 (2024): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55871/2072-9847-2024-64-3-124-133.

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Annotation. In Kazakhstan, the development of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism in healthcare has become relevant in the context of the strategic goals outlined in the Presidential Addresses of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the context of global competitiveness and digitalisation of various sectors of the economy, PPPs are seen as a tool to stimulate long-term investment and improve the quality of healthcare services. The Government of the RK plans to implement 201 PPP projects in the healthcare sector worth KZT 1 trillion by 2025. Despite the importance of PPPs, the COVID-19 pan

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Merridale-Punter, Mathilde S., Anke K. Wiethoelter, Charles M. El-Hage, Cameron Patrick, and Peta L. Hitchens. "Common clinical findings identified in working equids in low- and middle-income countries from 2005 to 2021." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0304755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304755.

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Despite several millions of working equids worldwide, there are few published studies regarding the epidemiology of their health and welfare. Data collected by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) operating in the working equid sphere therefore have important epidemiological value and could be used towards animal health surveillance. The aim of this study was to identify common clinical findings and mortality patterns of working equids in low- and middle-income countries and investigate their epidemiology using data collected from an international NGO. A retrospective analysis was conducted t

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Massen, Georgie May, Philip W. Stone, Harley H. Y. Kwok, et al. "Review of codelists used to define hypertension in electronic health records and development of a codelist for research." Open Heart 11, no. 1 (2024): e002640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2024-002640.

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Background and aimsHypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Electronic health records (EHRs) are routinely collected throughout a person’s care, recording all aspects of health status, including current and past conditions, prescriptions and test results. EHRs can be used for epidemiological research. However, there are nuances in the way conditions are recorded using clinical coding; it is important to understand the methods which have been applied to define exposures, covariates and outcomes to enable interpretation of study findings. This study aimed to identify cod

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Mungamba, Muhulo Muhau, Felix P. Chilunga, Eva L. van der Linden, et al. "Incidence, long-term predictors and progression of chronic kidney disease among African migrants and non-migrants: the transcontinental population-based prospective RODAM cohort study." BMJ Global Health 10, no. 1 (2025): e016786. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2024-016786.

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BackgroundLimited longitudinal data exist on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African populations undergoing epidemiological transitions. We investigated incidence, long-term predictors and progression of CKD among Ghanaians residing in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in the Netherlands (Amsterdam).Methods and findingsWe analysed data from 2183 participants in the transcontinental population-based prospective Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants cohort, followed for approximately 7 years. CKD incidence and its progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) were defined using Kidn

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Turnidge, John D., and Kathy T. Meleady. "Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Australia (AURA) surveillance system: coordinating national data on antimicrobial use and resistance for Australia." Australian Health Review 42, no. 3 (2018): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16238.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to describe the process of establishment and coordination of the national Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Australia (AURA) surveillance system. Methods Existing surveillance programs conducted by health organisations at state or multi-jurisdictional levels were reviewed, and gaps and opportunities identified for the development of a national system. In view of the time frame available as part of the Australian Government Department of Health funding agreement, the strategy used by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care was

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Retamal, Patricio I., and Pedro E. Abalos. "Comparación del ensayo de interferón gamma bovino con técnicas tradicionales para el diagnóstico de infección con Mycobacterium bovis en la Región Metropolitana de Chile." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 17, no. 3 (2016): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.323944.

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Resumen La tuberculosis bovina es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa de importancia económica y sanitaria en los planteles bovinos de países en desarrollo. La prueba cutánea de hipersensibilidad con derivado proteico purificado (PPD) de M. bovis ha sido la técnica más ampliamente utilizada para su diagnóstico, aunque presenta deficiencias en sensibilidad y especificidad, además de requerir una segunda inspección del animal para su interpretación. Con el fin de superar estos problemas se ha desarrollado el ensayo de IFN bovino, que detecta la producción de esta citoquina por linfocitos del propio

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von Schacky, Clemens. "Omega-3 index in 2018/19." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 79, no. 4 (2020): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665120006989.

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The omega-3 index, the percentage of EPA plus DHA in erythrocytes (measured by standardised analysis), represents a human body's status in EPA and DHA. An omega-3 index is measured in many laboratories around the world; however, even small differences in analytical methods entail large differences in results. Nevertheless, results are frequently related to the target range of 8–11 %, defined for the original and scientifically validated method (HS-Omega-3 Index®), raising ethical issues, and calling for standardisation. No human subject has an omega-3 index <2 %, indicating a vital minimum.

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Silva, Aline Conceição, Amanda Sarah Vanzela, Laysa Fernanda Silva Pedrollo, et al. "Characteristics of surveillance systems for suicide and self-harm: A scoping review." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 7 (2024): e0003292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003292.

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Background Suicide is a complex public health issue. Surveillance systems play a vital role in identifying trends and epidemiologic needs, informing public health strategies, and tailoring effective context-based suicide prevention interventions. Aim To identify and summarise the characteristics of specific surveillance systems and general health behaviour that include data onsuicide and self-harm. Method A scoping review following the JBI recommendations and PRISMA-ScR guidelines identified 29 relevant studies on suicide and self-harm surveillance systems. A systematic search was performed on

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Jajou, Rana, Thomas A. Kohl, Timothy Walker, et al. "Towards standardisation: comparison of five whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis pipelines for detection of epidemiologically linked tuberculosis cases." Eurosurveillance 24, no. 50 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.50.1900130.

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Background Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is a reliable tool for studying tuberculosis (TB) transmission. WGS data are usually processed by custom-built analysis pipelines with little standardisation between them. Aim To compare the impact of variability of several WGS analysis pipelines used internationally to detect epidemiologically linked TB cases. Methods From the Netherlands, 535 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains from 2016 were included. Epidemiological information obtained from municipal health services was available for all mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable

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Baggesen, D. L., G. Sørensen, E. M. Nielsen, and H. C. Wegener. "Phage typing of Salmonella Typhimurium – is it still a useful tool for surveillance and outbreak investigation?" Eurosurveillance 15, no. 4 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.15.04.19471-en.

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Phage typing has for decades been useful as a phenotypical, definitive method for epidemiological characterisation of Salmonella Typhimurium. The system recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Centre for phage typing of Salmonella has, however, become rather complex, and the present study illustrates the challenges of sufficient standardisation of the interpretation of lysis results to make sure that the same strain is assigned to the same phage type in different laboratories. Even though molecular typing methods will replace phenotypic characterisation methods in the

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Rudolf Izsák, János Izsák. "Age and gender dependence and the secular trend of death causes in the U.S., analysed on diversity curves." Demográfia 66, no. 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.21543/dee.2023.1.

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Age vs. death cause diversity curves seem to be the appropriate objects to study death cause diversity. The findings of the present paper are consistent with earlier findings of ad-hoc methodological pilot studies. The paper serves as a significant reference for further studies on epidemiological diversity or concentration. The diversity of death causes has become an important population character to be investigated recently. Its variations treated in the paper may correlate with other demographic characteristics of the population. Furthermore, the revealed variations in death cause diversity

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Smith, Shantelle J., Rachael Moorin, Karen Taylor, Jade Newton, and Stephanie Smith. "Collecting routine and timely cancer stage at diagnosis by implementing a cancer staging tiered framework: the Western Australian Cancer Registry experience." BMC Health Services Research 24, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11224-4.

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Abstract Background Current processes collecting cancer stage data in population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) lack standardisation, resulting in difficulty utilising diverse data sources and incomplete, low-quality data. Implementing a cancer staging tiered framework aims to improve stage collection and facilitate inter-PBCR benchmarking. Objective Demonstrate the application of a cancer staging tiered framework in the Western Australian Cancer Staging Project to establish a standardised method for collecting cancer stage at diagnosis data in PBCRs. Methods The tiered framework, developed i

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Moore, Irene, Jeremy Wrobel, Jessica Rhodes, et al. "Australasian interstitial lung disease registry (AILDR): objectives, design and rationale of a bi-national prospective database." BMC Pulmonary Medicine 20, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01297-2.

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Abstract Background Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a group of respiratory conditions affecting the lung interstitium often associated with progressive respiratory failure. There is increasing recognition of the need for improved epidemiological data to help determine best practice and improve standardisation of care. The Australasian ILD Registry (AILDR) is a bi-national registry of patients with all ILD subtypes designed to establish a clinically meaningful database reflecting real world practice in Australasia with an objective to improve diagnostic and treatment pathways through researc

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Hotsuliak, S. "ELEVENTH TO FOURTEENTH INTERNATIONAL SANITARY CONFERENCES (1903-1938): INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS FOR TRANSNATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RISK MANAGEMENT." Journal of science. Lyon 65 (April 30, 2025). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15349603.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> The Eleventh to Fourteenth International Sanitary Conferences (1903–1938) established foundational frameworks for transnational epidemic governance, transitioning from fragmented quarantine systems to multilateral cooperation. Key achievements—the 1903 and 1926 Conventions and the Office International d’Hygiène Publique—standardised disease reporting and quarantine protocols, integrating bacteriological advances while reflecting colonial priorities that prioritised European trade over health equity. These efforts institutionalised data s

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Rizzoli, A., H. C. Hauffe, G. Carpi, G. I. Vourc’h, M. Neteler, and R. Rosà. "Lyme borreliosis in Europe." Eurosurveillance 16, no. 27 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.16.27.19906-en.

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Despite improvements in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, Lyme borreliosis (LB) is still the most common arthropod-borne disease in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, with risk of infection associated with occupation (e.g. forestry work) and certain outdoor recreational activities (e.g. mushroom collecting). In Europe, LB is caused by infection with one or more pathogenic European genospecies of the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, mainly transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. Recent surveys show that the overall prevalence of LB may be stabilising, but its geographi

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Gobin, Maya, Jeremy Hawker, Paul Cleary, et al. "National outbreak of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 linked to mixed salad leaves, United Kingdom, 2016." Eurosurveillance 23, no. 18 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.18.17-00197.

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We investigated a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 in the United Kingdom (UK) with 165 cases between 31 May and 29 July 2016. No linked cases were reported in other countries. Cases were predominately female (n = 128) and adult (n = 150), 66 attended hospital and nine had features of haemorrhagic uraemic syndrome. A series of epidemiological studies (case–control, case–case, ingredients-based and venue-based studies) and supply chain investigations implicated mixed salad leaves from Supplier A as the likely outbreak vehicle. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) indicated a link with strains fr

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Abhijit Desai, Saloni, and Chitra S. Nayak. "Nailfold capillaroscopy as a prognostic marker for connective tissue diseases: An observational clinico-epidemiological study." Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, May 28, 2023, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijdvl_205_2022.

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Background Nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is useful in the diagnosis and assessment of various connective tissue diseases. In this study, NFC findings were studied in patients of systemic sclerosis (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and dermatomyositis. Aims To study the nailfold capillaroscopic findings in patients with connective tissue disorders, their correlation with disease severity, and changes in findings following treatment or disease progression. Methods This observational prospective time-bound clinico-epidemiological study was conducted in 43 patients over 20 months at Topiwal

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Hudda, Mohammed T., Julie Aarestrup, Christopher G. Owen, Jennifer L. Baker, and Peter H. Whincup. "Varying optimal power for height-standardisation of childhood weight, fat mass and fat-free mass across the obesity epidemic." International Journal of Obesity, September 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-024-01619-y.

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Abstract Introduction Childhood adiposity markers can be standardised for height in the form of indices (marker/heightp) to make meaningful comparisons of adiposity patterns within and between individuals of differing heights. The optimal value of p has been shown to differ by birth year, sex, age, and ethnicity. We investigated whether height powers for childhood weight and fat mass (FM) differed by birth year, sex, or age over the period before and during the child obesity epidemic in Copenhagen. Setting/methods Population-based cross-sectional study of 391,801 schoolchildren aged 7 years, 1

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Katibeh, Marzieh, Elanor Watts, Michael Gichangi, Sergio Latorre-Arteaga, Nigel M. Bolster, and Andrew Bastawrous. "Near vision data and near correction requirements from community eye health programmes in nine countries." Eye, January 22, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02910-4.

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Abstract Background Recent estimates of global prevalence of uncorrected presbyopia range from 510 to 826 million. There is a shortage of primary data regarding Near Visual Impairment (NVI) magnitude. Methods Near visual acuity (NVA) and NVI data was collected from over 388,000 people aged 35 or over across 9 countries, within Community Eye Health programmes between January 2022 and June 2023. In Kenya (n = 34,328), dioptric power of required near correction was also recorded, and any association with age, gender or level of NVA was assessed via linear regression model. Results 146,801 of 388,

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Damineni, Ujwala, Amulya Varshini Banka, Sri Ram Charan Gundapaneni, Neha Narayan, and Yethindra Vityala. "Applications and Challenges of Advanced Molecular Diagnostics in Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology: A Literature Review." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, April 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2025/78052.20832.

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Molecular biology techniques have revolutionised biomedical research and clinical practice, enabling the detailed examination of genetic information and cellular processes. In epidemiology and surveillance, molecular approaches have advanced more rapidly than in clinical use and are recognised for their superior discrimination. This review aimed to provide details on the clinical and epidemiological applications of molecular diagnostics, particularly Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), in various bacterial and viral diseases and to discuss its future prospects. A comprehensive literature review was

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Al-Timimi, Zayn, Jessie Huang-Lung, Lisa Keay, Paul Healey, Eleanor Yang, and Hamish Dunn. "A Systematic Review of Glaucoma Diagnosis in Prevalence Studies and Quality of Reporting." Journal of Glaucoma, June 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000002248.

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Précis: This systematic review has revealed that variable definitions of glaucoma continue to be employed in prevalence studies, despite the introduction of the ISGEO criteria. Purpose: To systematically review diagnostic criteria and examinations performed in glaucoma prevalence studies over time and determine the quality of reporting. Accurate estimates of glaucoma prevalence are crucial to inform resource allocation. However, diagnosis of glaucoma comprises inherently subjective examinations and the cross-sectional nature of prevalence studies precludes monitoring for progression. Methods:

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Ellam, H., N. Q. Verlander, K. Lamden, J. S. Cheesbrough, C. A. Durband, and S. James. "Surveillance of giardiasis in Northwest England 1996-2006: impact of an enzyme immunoassay test." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 37 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.37.18977-en.

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The incidence of giardiasis in Central Lancashire increased following the introduction of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay diagnostic test in November 2002. We compared the epidemiological trends for 1996-2006 in Central Lancashire with a control area which used a standard wet preparation diagnostic method throughout. Poisson regression modelling was used to investigate trends in giardiasis before and after the introduction of the test. In the control area, incidence of giardiasis was four per 100,000 in 2005. In contrast, in Central Lancashire, the rates increased in temporal association with t

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Mountjoy, Margo, Astrid Junge, Abhinav Bindra, et al. "Surveillance of athlete mental health symptoms and disorders: a supplement to the International Olympic Committee’s consensus statement on injury and illness surveillance." British Journal of Sports Medicine, July 19, 2023, bjsports—2022–106687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2022-106687.

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In 2019, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) published a consensus statement outlining the principles for recording and reporting injury and illness in elite sport. The authors encouraged sport federations to adapt the framework to their sport-specific context. Since this publication, several sports have published extensions to the IOC consensus statement.In response to a paucity of epidemiological data on athlete mental health, the IOC mental health working group adapted the IOC consensus statement on injury and illness surveillance to improve the capturing of athlete mental health data

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Wei, Shuying, and Sean Semple. "Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from non-tobacco sources in homes within high-income countries: a systematic review." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, November 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01288-8.

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AbstractThe health impacts associated with exposure to elevated concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are well recognised. There is a substantial number of studies characterising PM2.5 concentrations outdoors, as well as in homes within low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries (HICs), there is a sizeable literature on indoor PM2.5 relating to smoking, but the evidence on exposure to PM2.5 generated from non-tobacco sources in homes is sparse. This is especially relevant as people living in HICs spend the majority of their time at home, and in the northern hemisphe

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Fears, Robin, and Volker Ter Meulen. "Human and animal health in Europe: the view from the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) on challenges in infectious disease." Italian Journal of Public Health 9, no. 2 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.2427/6335.

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For the last seven years, the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC) has conducted a series of projects defining and clarifying priorities for European policy in infectious disease. Both human and animal populations are increasingly threatened by emerging and re-emerging infections, including zoonoses, partly attributable to the impact of environmental change on the distributions of pathogens, hosts and vectors. Among the key challenges to be faced are the impact of climate change, the increase of antibiotic resistance and the need to develop novel global surveillance and early wa

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He, Q., A. M. Barkoff, J. Mertsola, et al. "High heterogeneity in methods used for the laboratory confirmation of pertussis diagnosis among European countries, 2010: integration of epidemiological and laboratory surveillance must include standardisation of methodologies and quality assurance." Eurosurveillance 17, no. 32 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.17.32.20239-en.

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Leão, Teresa, and Henrique Barros. "Merging academy and healthcare in the Public Health training of medical students." Public Health Reviews 41, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00146-1.

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Abstract Background Public Health remains central to understand health and its determinants, and Public Health teams are essential for an integrated collaborative medical practice. However, current teaching of public health to medical students varies in the European Region though an investment in multidisciplinary workforce is recognised essential to deliver high quality public health services. A recent medical education curricula restructuring in the University of Porto Medical School resulted in the inclusion of a Public Health module linking academic teaching to field practice and provided

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Leitgeb, W., M. Papadakaki, H. Johannsen, and A. Morandi. "ProtAct-Us from serious injuries with long-term consequences." European Journal of Public Health 34, Supplement_3 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckae144.784.

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Abstract Battling serious injuries and long-term consequences in road traffic remains one important issue in the overall goal of resilient future road transport and its Vision Zero. Challenges of increasing personal transport in urban areas coupled with autonomous vehicles and shuttles, new mobility devices and the overall need to ensure the safety of vulnerable road users as well as all types of vehicle occupants’ require solid medical background knowledge paired with innovative engineering approaches. EU Horizon Europe is currently funding the ProtAct-Us consortium (2024-2027) that aims at p

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Tan, Michelle M. C., Matheus G. Barbosa, Pedro J. M. R. Pinho, et al. "Determinants of multimorbidity in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review of longitudinal studies and discovery of evidence gaps." Obesity Reviews, December 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/obr.13661.

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SummaryMultimorbidity—the coexistence of at least two chronic health conditions within the same individual—is an important global health challenge. In high‐income countries (HICs), multimorbidity is dominated by non‐communicable diseases (NCDs); whereas, the situation may be different in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), where chronic communicable diseases remain prominent. The aim of this systematic review was to identify determinants (including risk and protective factors) and potential mechanisms underlying multimorbidity from published longitudinal studies across diverse population

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Kroidl, Inge, Simon Winter, Raquel Rubio-Acero, et al. "Studying temporal titre evolution of commercial SARS-CoV-2 assays reveals significant shortcomings of using BAU standardization for comparison." Virology Journal 20, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12985-023-02167-z.

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Abstract Background Measuring specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has become one of the main epidemiological tools to survey the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but also vaccination response. The WHO made available a set of well-characterized samples derived from recovered individuals to allow normalization between different quantitative anti-Spike assays to defined Binding Antibody Units (BAU). Methods To assess sero-responses longitudinally, a cohort of ninety-nine SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR positive subjects was followed up together with forty-five vaccinees without previous infection but with two vacc

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Foley, Charlene, Muthana Al Obaidi, and Coziana Ciurtin. "P26 UK and Ireland paediatric primary Sjögren’s syndrome cohort study and repository (UK/Ireland PpSS cohort study and repository)." Rheumatology 58, Supplement_4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez414.007.

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Poster presentation Tuesday 8 October Background Sjögren’s syndrome, a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease is characterised by inflammation of the exocrine glands, principally the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in xerostomia and xerophthalmia. It can also present with more extensive exocrinopathy as well as extra-glandular, systemic features. Defined as primary SS (pSS) when there is no association with other autoimmune disease, reported incidence and prevalence rates vary. Juvenile-onset pSS is believed to be rare; however it is likely that it is under-recognised and therefore unde

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Affinito, Giuseppina, Vito Salerno, Massimo Di Gennaro, et al. "Incidence and prevalence of dementia: A 2015-2020 population-based study in the Campania Region of Italy." Neuroepidemiology, April 26, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000539031.

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Objective: To provide population-based estimates of prevalence and incidence of any dementia and Alzheimer’s dementia in the Campania Region (South Italy), and to validate towards a clinical registry. Methods: Population-based study, using routinely collected healthcare data of individuals living in the Campania Region (South Italy) from 2015 to 2020. We included individuals aged ≥65 years alive at the prevalence day (1 January 2021) who had at least one administrative record for dementia and/or Alzheimer's dementia from 2015 to 2020. Age-and sex-standardised prevalence rates were calculated u

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