Thèses sur le sujet « Épidémiologie »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 50 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Épidémiologie ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Rivière, Jeanne. « L'hydatidose : parasitologie, épidémiologie, prophylaxie, traitement ». Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT028P.
Texte intégralBui, Thi-Mai-Anh. « Séparation des préoccupations en épidémiologie ». Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066457/document.
Texte intégralMathematical and computational models have become widely used and demanded tools for examining mechanisms of transmission, exploring characteristics of epidemics, predicting future courses of an outbreak and evaluating strategies to find a best control-program. One of the problems of modelling is bridging the gap between conceptual models (i.e compartmental models of epidemiology) and their computer simulation (through deterministic, stochastic or agent-based implementation). Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) are often used to address such difficulties by separating two concerns of modelling, specification (conceptual model) and implementation (computational model). In this perspective, we develop a DSL called KENDRICK targeted to the epidemiological modelling and coupled with a simulation platform that allows the study of such models. The other important issue needs to be addressed in the context of epidemiological modelling is the heterogeneities introduced by separate concerns. In order to facilitate the specification of models and their evolution, it is crucial to be able to define concerns with as few dependencies with each other as possible and to combine them as freely as possible. We address such challenges by proposing a common mathematical meta-model that supports both concerns and models and enabling their compositions by some operators. We then implement our proposal language KENDRICK based on this meta-model. The language simplifies the construction of complex epidemiological models by decomposing them into modular concerns, by which common concerns can be reused across models and can be easily changed
Bui, Thi-Mai-Anh. « Séparation des préoccupations en épidémiologie ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066457.
Texte intégralMathematical and computational models have become widely used and demanded tools for examining mechanisms of transmission, exploring characteristics of epidemics, predicting future courses of an outbreak and evaluating strategies to find a best control-program. One of the problems of modelling is bridging the gap between conceptual models (i.e compartmental models of epidemiology) and their computer simulation (through deterministic, stochastic or agent-based implementation). Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) are often used to address such difficulties by separating two concerns of modelling, specification (conceptual model) and implementation (computational model). In this perspective, we develop a DSL called KENDRICK targeted to the epidemiological modelling and coupled with a simulation platform that allows the study of such models. The other important issue needs to be addressed in the context of epidemiological modelling is the heterogeneities introduced by separate concerns. In order to facilitate the specification of models and their evolution, it is crucial to be able to define concerns with as few dependencies with each other as possible and to combine them as freely as possible. We address such challenges by proposing a common mathematical meta-model that supports both concerns and models and enabling their compositions by some operators. We then implement our proposal language KENDRICK based on this meta-model. The language simplifies the construction of complex epidemiological models by decomposing them into modular concerns, by which common concerns can be reused across models and can be easily changed
Dubuque, Josée. « Épidémiologie des hospitalisations pour infections respiratoires ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25005/25005.pdf.
Texte intégralFortunato, Léa. « Méthodes statistiques d'analyse spatiale en épidémiologie ». Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T060.
Texte intégralChikli, Isabelle. « La listériose : épidémiologie et pouvoir pathogène ». Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P210.
Texte intégralRivalan, Olivier. « Brucellose : diagnostic biologique, épidémiologie et prophylaxie ». Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P027.
Texte intégralBrault, Nicolas. « Le concept de biais en épidémiologie ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC229/document.
Texte intégralThis PhD thesis, belonging to the tradition of historical epistemology, deals with the history and the formation of the concept of bias in epidemiology. It shows that the operational function of the concept of bias is essentially critical, in the sense that this concept, used by epidemiologists throughout history as an antonym to both objectivity, causality and evidence, is central to both the construction of epidemiology as a scientific discipline and the advent of scientific medicine. An historical and critical account is given of the actual definition of bias, conceived as a systematic error or deviation from the truth, and to the various taxonomies of bias which marked the history of this concept, whose origin goes back to the founders of mathematical statistics. Bias thus appears as a threat to the validity of the design of an epidemiological study, and to the validity of statistical inference and medical reasoning. In other words, what is studied here is the consequences of the probabilistic revolution on both epidemiology and medicine, which led epidemiologists and physicians to a kind of scepticism or even criticism about their own inferences, which would ultimately give birth to the evidence-based medicine's movement
Sadoun, Catherine. « Ostéoporose : épidémiologie, facteurs de risque, traitements ». Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P116.
Texte intégralLe, Loc'h Guillaume. « Épidémiologie moléculaire des avipoxvirus chez l’Outarde houbara ». Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14167/1/LeLoch.pdf.
Texte intégralChabas, Hélène. « Immunité bactérienne et épidémiologie évolutive des phages ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG042.
Texte intégralLiving organisms face parasites which decrease their fitness and spread into their population. In response, hosts have evolved countless immune defenses that are often circumvented by parasite evolution. These defenses are usually extremely diverse. What is the impact of such genetic diversity on the protection against the evolution of parasites? Answering this question experimentally requires an experimental system in which host genetic diversity and parasite evolution and spreading can be monitored. Phages and bacteria systems are ideal candidates for such studies as their handling is easy in the lab, their life cycle is short and their mutation rates is high. The recent discovery of CRISPR--Cas immunity has opened many possibilities. Indeed, this immunity has the unique property to generate in the same genetic background as the sensitive host, numerous resistant alleles. In addition, it relies on an interference--RNA-like pathway, which results in the precise understanding of phage bypassing and in the ability to predict the targeted sequence. This system hence allows the experimental study of the impact of host genetic diversity on the epidemiology and the evolution of parasites and on antagonist coevolution. In this PhD, we 1) study how the host population composition impacts the probability of an epidemic created by an escape mutant (evolutionary emergence), 2) try to understand the causes of the heterogeneity in durability of resistances and 3) monitor the coevolution dynamic between genetically diverse populations. We show that the composition of the host population impacts the probability of evolutionary emergence: a low resistances diversity with an intermediate proportion of sensitive hosts maximises the probability of evolutionary emergence. Second, we show that CRISPR--Cas resistances are heterogeneous in their durability and this is not explained by the heterogeneity of escape mutants fitness. Third, we show that resistances diversity is conserved in a short term by parasites genetic diversity and that the coevolutionary dynamic is fastened by parasite intra-specific genetic diversity. Finally, we discuss research questions that we find interesting to develop in the near future
Mohsen, Mroueh Fatima. « Diabète et cancer colorectal : épidémiologie et physiopathologie ». Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ117.
Texte intégralDiabetes is a chronic systemic malfunction characterized by persistent metabolic disturbances that culminate in a high rate of complications to which cancer was recently annexed. In fact, diabetes inflates colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by 1.2-1.5 folds. However, the cellular and molecular pathways involved are not well understood. Our results show that AMPK/mTORC1 pathway is deregulated in both diabetes and CRC. This was paralleled by an elevation in the expression of the NADPH oxidase Nox4 leading to an increase in ROS production. Furthermore, our results show that oxidative stress, secondary to alteration in the level and activity of Nox4 is augmented in diabetes and contributes to the progression of CRC. The resulting oxidative stress further led to an alteration in the signaling of the AMPK/mTORC1 pathways culminating in an exacerbated aggressiveness in cancer cell behavior and colon polyp formation. Our project allows the identification of novel molecular mechanisms involved in diabetes-induced CRC progression and development of effective therapeutic strategies to reverse the progression of CRC in diabetic patients
Ossart, Caroline. « Le gonocoque : épidémiologie et modalités de traitement ». Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P151.
Texte intégralGhio, Brigitte. « Mort subite du nourrisson : épidémiologie et prévention ». Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11113.
Texte intégralVialard, Jacquemine. « Paratuberculose des ruminants : épidémiologie, diagnostic et prophylaxie ». Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10283.
Texte intégralLaaidi, Karine. « Éco-épidémiologie des pollinoses en Haute-Bourgogne ». Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOMU14.
Texte intégralAn inceasing interest is now given to atmospheric pollution of the atmosphere and to its effects on human health, but the studies usually concern chemical pollution, and the biologic pollution is often neglected. Nevertheless, the latter is responsible for allergies sometimes severe, associating benign symptoms such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis or cough to another one more serious and more disabling, which is asthma. These seasonal manifestations are worth being studied in order to understand the different aspects of pollinic allergy and to try to elaborate forecast and prevention methods, which could improve the health of allergic people and, consequently, reduce the costs due to this disease. This study, taking place in High-Burgundy (France), comprises three parts. The first one describes the physiopathologic and geographic setting of the study, the data and the methods used. The second part represents a study of analytic epidemiology, and allowed us to describe several ans complementary aspects of pollinosis : allergens, syntoms felt by sick persons, the sales of anti allergic drugs ans eosinophily evolution. Then the third and last part emphasizes three major elements which can explain the etiology of pollinosis : the pollen itself, by its nature and its seasonal evolution ; meteorological conditions, which influences pollen dispersal as well as, more directly, allergic manifestations ; and chemical pollution, whose more offending pollutant was proved to be ozon
Deslandes, Emmanuelle. « Modelisation des données longitudinales complexes en épidémiologie ». Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066161.
Texte intégralFadloun, Samiha. « Visualisations pour la veille en épidémiologie animale ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS025/document.
Texte intégralMany documents concerning emergence, spread or follow-up of human and animal diseases are published daily on the Web. In order to prevent the spread of disease, epidemiologists must frequently search for these documents and analyze them to detect outbreaks as early as possible. In this thesis, we are interested in the two activities related to this monitoring work in order to produce visual tools facilitating the access to relevant information. We focus on animal diseases, which have been less studied but can have serious consequences for human activities (diseases transmitted from animals to humans, epidemics in livestock ...).The first activity is to collect documents from the Web. For this, we propose EpidVis, a visual tool that allows epidemiologists to group and organize the keywords used for their research, visually build complex queries, launch them on different search engines and view the results returned. The second activity is to explore a large number of documents concerning diseases. These documents contain not only information such as disease names, associated symptoms, infected species, but also spatio-temporal information. We propose EpidNews, a visual analytics tool to explore this data for information extraction. Both tools were developed in close collaboration with experts in epidemiology. The latter carried out case studies to show that the functionalities of the proposals were completely adapted and made it possible to easily extract knowledge
Biard, Lucie. « Test des effets centre en épidémiologie clinique ». Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC302.
Texte intégralCentre effects modelling within the framework of survival data often relies on the estimation of Cox mixed effects models. Testing for a centre effect consists in testing to zero the variance component of the corresponding random effect. In this framework, the identification of the null distribution of usual tests statistics is not always straightforward. Permutation procedures have been proposed as an alternative, for generalised linear mixed models.The objective was to develop a permutation test procedure for random effects in a Cox mixed effects model, for the test of centre effects.We first developed and evaluated permutation procedures for the test of a single centre effect on the baseline risk. The test was used to investigate a centre effect in a clinical trial of induction chemotherapy for patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.The second part consisted in extending the procedure for the test of multiple random effects, in survival models. The aim was to be able to examine both center effects on the baseline risk and centre effects on the effect of covariates. The procedure was illustrated on two cohorts of acute leukaemia patients. In a third part, the permutation approach was applied to a cohort of critically ill patients with hematologic malignancies, to investigate centre effects on the hospital mortality.The proposed permutation procedures appear to be robust approaches, easily implemented for the test of random centre effect in routine practice. They are an appropriate tool for the analysis of centre effects in clinical epidemiology, with the purpose of understanding their sources
Nivoix, Yasmine. « Infections fongiques invasives : épidémiologie et optimisation thérapeutique ». Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA2006.
Texte intégralFleury, Catherine. « Étude épidémiologique clinique et anatomo-pathologique du mélanome du cheval camarguais ». Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T270.
Texte intégralMintsa, mi ondo Julie. « Les aspects spatiaux dans la modélisation en épidémiologie ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870752.
Texte intégralLévesque, Simon. « Épidémiologie moléculaire des entérites à Campylobacter en Estrie ». Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6837.
Texte intégralAbstract : Campylobacteriosis is the leading notifiable enteric disease in industrialised countries. It colonizes a wide range of animal which in turn spread the disease. The majority of campylobacteriosis cases are sporadic infections for which the source is rarely apparent. The main goal of my research project is to determine contamination sources of Campylobacter in the Eastern Townships, to identify the sources and routes of transmission and to establish the main sources of sporadic infections. We determined antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter isolates in order to predict which bacterial population will be resistant, caused by antimicrobial selective pressure administered to the host. High levels of resistance of chicken isolates to erythromycin and tetracycline, and low levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin reflect the use of the former antibiotics in animal husbandry. The fact that the erythromycin and tetracycline resistance levels were significantly lower among human isolates suggests that other transmission sources are important for human infection. In order to determine which molecular typing method will be the most relevant for our research design, we compared four typing methods (AFLP, MLST,/7a typing and PFGE). Only MLST has the potential to link isolates to a particular ecological niche, such as chicken, raw milk and water. In order to optimize MLST, we developed a complementary system based on HRM. We demonstrated that HRM has the potential to complement the analysis methods based on sequencing for SNP and facilitate a wide range of studies based on genotypic methods. We have subsequently undertaken a major project of isolation and molecular characterization of Campylobacter in the Eastern Townships, in order to truly understand the mechanisms of transmission of the bacteria and determine the source of sporadic cases. We confirmed that chicken was responsible for the majority of cases of campylobacteriosis. However, we have shown that the urban-rural gradient of campylobacteriosis in the Eastern Townships could be explained by exposure to bovine, especially for the 15-34 year old age group through occupational exposure. By the identification of infection sources, we proposed courses of action that could be used by public health authorities to reduce the incidence of campylobacteriosis in Quebec.
Mintsa, Mi Ondo Julie. « Les aspects spatiaux dans la modélisation en épidémiologie ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENS042/document.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, our interest is on the aspect in space of the establishment of a spatial model in epidemiology and the conditions leading to the stability of the systems that we present, in epidemiology, from the classical models by Ross and Mckendrick. Firstly, we intend to examine the eects of the Normalized DiFerence Vegetation Index(NDVI) in a model of contamination of malaria in Bankoumana, a region in Mali. From the system obtained, we willnd the basic reproduction rate. Then we deduce two point of equilibrium, among which one point of equilibrium without the disease and another one with an endemic point. The latter with the basic reproduction rate vary according to the indices of normalized vegetation. Then, we will build a model having equations delay, containing the NDVI. The rate of basic reproduction and the two points of equilibrium that come from our system depend upon the delay introduced. We will show that the stability of our points of equilibrium is not only dependent upon the basic reproduction rate, but also closely related to the delays introduced. In another way, we will divide the region of study in areas where we will set hypotheses that the rate of contamination brought about by individuals in an area of study on the others, can be dierent. It will permit us to obtain a system in which we will determine the points of equilibrium and the conditions that will lead us to obtain the stability according to Lyapunov. Then, we will disturb the previous system at the level of its unique endemic point of equilibrium, with the introduction of an additional noise. The conditions leading to stability according to Lyapunov, on the new system obtained, are generally deduced here. In a similar framework, we will elaborate a multigroups model, in which we will introduce spatial coordinates. The groups are formed according to a closeness depending to a radius of a circle at random. Here, the rate of contamination is supposed to be uniform in the groups. After having determined the point of equilibrium and the rate of basic reproduction, we will nd the conditions facilitating stability in as by Lyapunov in a global framework. In the order1, it means that supposing that we have only one group, the conditions of stability are obtained according to the Routh-Hurvitz criteria
Houga-Lauron, Claire. « Étude des méthodes statistiques utilisées en épidémiologie dentaire ». Nantes, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NANT1467.
Texte intégralBouard, Bertrand. « Épidémiologie de la dracunculose et méthodes de lutte ». Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25135.
Texte intégralLecuix, Isabelle. « La toxocarose humaine : épidémiologie, clinique, thérapeutique et prophylaxie ». Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P086.
Texte intégralL'Hostis, Monique. « Babesia divergens en France : épidémiologie descriptive et analytique ». Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON13515.
Texte intégralPoisson, Philippe. « Protection intra-buccale : épidémiologie-évaluation biomécanique et physiologique ». Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21247.
Texte intégralRotureau, Brice. « Eco-épidémiologie des leishmanioses cutanées en Guyane française ». Antilles-Guyane, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AGUY0143.
Texte intégralOverall, this thesis aims at reactualizing and improving ecological and epidemiological knowledge about cutaneous leishmaniases in French Guiana by using new and adapted molecular tools. Thus, it took up the challenge of an integrated molecular eco-epidemiological approach. A molecular technique (PCR-RFLP) for the detection and the identification of New World Leishmania species was first designed for diagnosis and large-scale epidemiological studies. Parallely, cultures in synthetic medium were carried out for the improvement of routine diagnosis. A strict monitoring of the cutaneous leishmaniasis cases of French Guiana was also developped. Then, the new molecular method was applied to samples from Guianan patients within a large-scale eco-epidemiological study of the Leishmania parasites polymorphism. The actualization of the specific incidence was done and we observed the correlation between the different parasite genotypes and some clinical and epidemiological parameters. Some sand fly and mammal capture sessions confirmed the adaptability of the Nyssomyia sand flies to anthropized ecotopes, proved the absence of implication of Chiroptera in the Guianan pathogenic complexes, and led to the first observations in French Guiana of canine visceral leishmaniases due to L. Infantum imported from Europe. Finally, an integration of molecular, ecological, epidemiological, clinical, geographical, demographic and social data was given
Riffard, Serge. « Détection, identification, épidémiologie des Legionella par amplification génique ». Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T285.
Texte intégralAnnesi-Maesano, Isabella. « Marqueurs en épidémiologie respiratoire : applications et problèmes méthodologiques ». Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA11T039.
Texte intégralMessas, Emmanuel. « Insuffisance mitrale ischémique : épidémiologie, physiopathologie, pronostic et traitements ». Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05N23S.
Texte intégralBafeta, Aïda. « Épidémiologie et méthodologie des méta-analyses en réseau ». Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC106.
Texte intégralNetwork meta-analyses allow for estimating all possible pair-wise comparisons between interventions, even some trials are lacking In the past few years, network meta-analyses have been increasingly used for comparing healthcare interventions. Network meta-analyses are primarily meta-analyses; they are probably subject to the same types of bias and should therefore be performed according to the explicit and rigorous methods used in systematic reviews. However, did not evaluate the presence of essential methodological components of the systematic review process such as conducting a literature search and assessing the risk of bias of individual studies, or the presentation of findings in reports of network meta-analyses. We assessed whether network meta-analyses follow the key methodological recommendations for reporting and conduct of systematic reviews. We show that the essential methodological components of the systematic review process—conducting a literature search and assessing risk of bias of individual studies—are frequently lacking in reports of network meta-analyses. We assessed how the results of network meta-analyses are reported. We show that the results of network meta-analyses are heterogeneously reported. The author inadequately reported essential component to judge the amount of evidence (that is, the interventions included in the network, direct comparisons between interventions, number of randomised trials and patients for each comparison) and the relative effect sizes between interventions from direct evidence, indirect evidence, and the network meta-analysis. Development of reporting guidelines to assist authors in writing and readers in critically appraising reports of network meta-analyses is timely
Salameh, Pascale. « Troubles respiratoires chroniques non cancéreux et expositions aux pesticides : résultats d'études épidémiologiques au Liban ». Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20929.
Texte intégralJusot, Jean-François. « Évaluation de la prise en charge et des mesures d'hygiène dans la prévention des gastroentérites nosocomiales en pédiatrie ». Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10117.
Texte intégralZewail, Reem. « Épidémiologie des maladies parasitaires chez les immigrants au Québec ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5482.
Texte intégralPicot, Marie-Christine. « Épidémiologie de la dépression : projet d'étude en milieu professionnel ». Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11172.
Texte intégralCallies, Philippe. « La cysticercose à Madagascar : diagnostic, épidémiologie et suivi thérapeutique ». Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P155.
Texte intégralCasin, Isabelle. « Taxonomie et épidémiologie moléculaires des "Haemophilus" responsables d'infections humaines ». Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA11A001.
Texte intégralOuabi, Mastafa. « La bilharziose urogénitale à Errachidia (Maroc) : dépistage et épidémiologie ». Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2P015.
Texte intégralAcquaviva, Eric. « Pharmaco-épidémiologie des psychotropes chez les enfants et adolescents ». Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066433.
Texte intégralRuppé, Etienne. « Épidémiologie, quantification et conséquences du portage intestinal d'entérobactéries multirésistantes ». Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077067.
Texte intégralThe recent widespread of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria, especially those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), has jeopardized the efficacy of currently advised treatments of the infections they cause. The intestinal microbiota might play a key role in this phenomenon as being the main reservoir for enterobacteria. Still, data about intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria remain scarce for some aspects that could benefit to the patients. In the present work, we aimed to add knowledge to the different phases of the intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria (pre-colonization, colonization and post-colonization). We first focused on the pre-colonization phase and studied the determinants that lead to the intestinal carriage of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria. We found that such bacteria had spread even in extremely remote places, and that at hospital admission, the prediction of their digestive carriage was poorly effective based on the clinical data available at that time. About colonization itself, we worked on the quantitative dimension of the carriage of ESBL-producing enterobacteria and introduced a new marker: the relative abundance i. E. The ratio between the intestinal densities of ESBL-producing enterobacteria and that of total enterobacteria. We observed the evolution of this marker after a short exposure to levofloxacin, a widely-prescribed fluoroquinolone. Furthermore about thé colonization phase, we developed a microbiological method to recover enterobacteria producing the OXA-48 carbapénémase, subsequently to its incidental detection in a patient with no obvious risk factors for carriage of such bacteria. Eventually, we studied the post-colonization phase (i) in establishing for the first time the link between the relative abundance of ESBL-producing enterobacteria and their occurrence in urinary-tract infections in women, and (ii) in observing the in vivo transfer of the KPC carbapenemase from a Greece-acquired strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae to a commensal K. Pneumoniae. In conclusion, our results highlighted the central role played by the intestinal microbiota and opened new, concrete perspectives of the management of multidrug-resistant enterobacteria
Benhamiche, Anne-Marie. « Épidémiologie descriptive des cancers digestifs : incidence, prévalence, tendances chronologiques ». Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU05.
Texte intégralTheophile, Hélène. « Etude de la causalité en pharmacovigilance et pharmaco-épidémiologie ». Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21898/document.
Texte intégralThe analysis of causality, which consists of determining if drug intake is the cause of the event occurrence, is the central issue of pharmacovigilance and pharmacoepidemiology. The first part of this work deals with the study of causality assessment methods at the level of individual cases. We first compared the recently developed logistic causality assessment method and the method officially used in France, to consensusual expert judgement taking as a reference. The results showed that the French causality assessment method tended to underestimate the responsibility of the drug (low sensitivity) whereas the logistic method tended to overestimate it (low specificity). Subsequently a new version of the French causality assessment method aiming to improve its sensitivity and discriminating power was proposed. The validation phase of this updated method showed improved sensitivity and a performance closer to consensual expert judgement. For the logistic method, the criteria of causality assessment and their weights were re-evaluated on a larger sample of drug-event pairs that had been used in the initial weighting. The validity of this method and that of one of the most commonly used algorithms in pharmacovigilance, the Naranjo method, were compared to consensual expert judgement. Results concerning the internal validity and the predictive qualities of the Naranjo method were not satisfactory while the logistic method presented an improved specificity and good sensitivity and predictive values. The logistic method now presents characteristics that should improve the assessment of drug responsibility in the occurrence of adverse events. The implementation of causality assessment method specific to a therapeutic class and / or to a type of adverse event could also improve the assessment of adverse events. We proposed a scale adapted to hemorrhages with antithrombotics and derived from the French causality assessment method. In the second part of this thesis, the epidemiological analysis of causality was tackled by proposing two methods: the populational analysis of individual cases, in particular their time to onset after drug exposure, and the case-population approach. Although less robust than the conventional methods, these were tested on real problems of pharmacovigilance and the results indicate that they may be useful for an initial exploration of a potential causal association. In conclusion, this methodological work could help to better assess drug causality in the occurrence of adverse event in post maketing surveillance
Dong, Siwei. « Réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate en anesthésie : épidémiologie et risques environnementaux ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0171/document.
Texte intégralImmediate hypersensitivity reactions occurring during anesthesia remains a major concern for anesthesiologists. The drugs most frequently responsible for anaphylaxis are neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). The purpose of this study is to determine the current epidemiology and to identify environmental factors that may explain the high frequency of allergic reactions to neuromuscular blocking agents that can occur without any prior exposure. In the first part of the thesis, a national survey describing the epidemiology of anaphylaxis during anesthesia between 2005 and 2007 in France was carried out. The value of testing specific IgE against NMBA was confirmed.The occurrence of immediate allergic hypersensitivity reaction when first exposure to an NMBA during induction led to evoke the existence of cross-sensitization with substances present in environment and having a quaternary ammonium compound. Different hypotheses have been proposed including exposure to cosmetics and / or disinfectants, exposure to antigens encountered in phosphorylcholine yeasts, or parasites, or exposure to a derivative opiate, pholcodine. In the second part of the thesis, two occupational populations, hairdressers apprentice exposed to chemical agents containing ammonium ions, baker and pastry maker exposed to allergens yeast and parasites were compared with the general population to search for differences regarding the prevalence of specific IgE antibody against NMBA. At the end of this work, hairdressers exposed to cosmetics agents appears to be a risk factor for developing specific IgE antibodies against NMBA and we demonstrated for the first time the hypothesis of the ross-sensitization between repeated exposures to cosmetics products containing quaternary ammonium and NMBAs
Imbert, Sébastien. « Épidémiologie et sensibilité aux antifongiques des espèces cryptiques d’Aspergillus ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS237.
Texte intégralIn recent years, the cryptic species concept has revolutionized the Aspergillus genus taxonomy. Henceforth, dozens of species could be found in human samples, with an increasing incidence. However, as their identification remains a challenge, few is known regarding their pathogenicity or their antifungal susceptibility. The recent development of the MSI web application dedicated to the microorganism’s identification from their mass spectra, has improved these “new” species identification in numerous centers. The collaboration with this network of users allowed us to collect and study a large collection of cryptic isolates (390 isolates from 69 species and 13 sections), combining an accurate DNA sequence-based identification, the antifungal susceptibility testing by reference method and the clinical involvement. We brought evidence for species-dependent antifungal resistance patterns. We also highlighted the extent of species diversity involved in human disease, including some species never described, and the species-dependent pathogenicity patterns for some species. Thus, this work improved the knowledge on Aspergillus cryptic species and underline the importance of their accurate identification in clinical practice. The new version 2 of the MSI application, upgraded during this study, stand for an easy and powerful tool for this
Lemesle, Martin Martine. « Epidémiologie des accidents vasculaires cérébraux et des accidents ischémiques transitoires dans la ville de Dijon, France ». Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOMU10.
Texte intégralSonfack, Tsafack Elodie Pamela. « La coqueluche au Québec depuis l'introduction du vaccin acellulaire : Bilan épidémiologique ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/27845/27845.pdf.
Texte intégralSixou, Michel. « Etude épidémiologique de la transmission d'Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans dans la parodontite aigue͏̈ juvénile ». Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30227.
Texte intégral