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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Equality types »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 juin 2025

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Pitts, Andrew M. "Typal Heterogeneous Equality Types." ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 21, no. 3 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3379447.

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Zhang, Yuting. "Different Tax Types Effect Equality." International Journal of Global Economics and Management 6, no. 1 (2025): 161–64. https://doi.org/10.62051/ijgem.v6n1.19.

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The passage talks about whether it is much fairer to use income tax or consumption tax for people in different income brackets. We try to explore the history of taxation and both the benefit side and disadvantage side of different types of taxation. I used website, google scholar, having a research of key words like income tax, consumption tax and so on. Look for several essay that fit for my idea and record the data. My conclusion is that instead of consumption by value, further refinement could consider consumption as a portion of income as a better metric. Exemptions should be made readily

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Aaly Kologani, M., X. L. Xin, Y. B. Jun, and M. Mohseni Takallo. "Positive implicative equality algebras and equality algebras with some types." Journal of Algebraic Hyperstructures and Logical Algebras 3, no. 2 (2022): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/hatef.jahla.3.2.6.

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Boua, Hamid, and Mohammed Karmouni. "Equality between different types of invertibility." Methods of Functional Analysis and Topology 27, no. 1 (2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/mfat-npu26_1.2021.05.

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Kodelja, Zdenko. "Equality of Opportunity and Equality of Outcome." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 6, no. 2 (2016): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.85.

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The report on the findings of extensive empirical research on equality of educational opportunities carried out in the US on a very large sample of public schools by Coleman and his colleagues has had a major impact on education policy and has given rise to a large amount of research and various interpretations. However, as some interpreters have highlighted,even more important than the findings of the survey themselves has been Coleman’s redefinition of equality of opportunity, abandoning the then prevailing conception of equality of educational opportunities as equality of starting points an

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Palsberg, Jens. "Equality-based flow analysis versus recursive types." ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 20, no. 6 (1998): 1251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/295656.295662.

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Liu, Yiyun, Jonathan Chan, Jessica Shi, and Stephanie Weirich. "Internalizing Indistinguishability with Dependent Types." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 8, POPL (2024): 1298–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3632886.

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In type systems with dependency tracking, programmers can assign an ordered set of levels to computations and prevent information flow from high-level computations to the low-level ones. The key notion in such systems is indistinguishability : a definition of program equivalence that takes into account the parts of the program that an observer may depend on. In this paper, we investigate the use of dependency tracking in the context of dependently-typed languages. We present the Dependent Calculus of Indistinguishability (DCOI), a system that adopts indistinguishability as the definition of eq

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Das, Ankush, Henry Deyoung, Andreia Mordido, and Frank Pfenning. "Nested Session Types." ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 44, no. 3 (2022): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3539656.

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Session types statically describe communication protocols between concurrent message-passing processes. Unfortunately, parametric polymorphism even in its restricted prenex form is not fully understood in the context of session types. In this article, we present the metatheory of session types extended with prenex polymorphism and, as a result, nested recursive datatypes. Remarkably, we prove that type equality is decidable by exhibiting a reduction to trace equivalence of deterministic first-order grammars. Recognizing the high theoretical complexity of the latter, we also propose a novel typ

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Eremondi, Joseph, Ronald Garcia, and Éric Tanter. "Propositional equality for gradual dependently typed programming." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, ICFP (2022): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3547627.

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Gradual dependent types can help with the incremental adoption of dependently typed code by providing a principled semantics for imprecise types and proofs, where some parts have been omitted. Current theories of gradual dependent types, though, lack a central feature of type theory: propositional equality. Lennon-Bertrand et al. show that, when the reflexive proof refl is the only closed value of an equality type, a gradual extension of the Calculus of Inductive Constructions (CIC) with propositional equality violates static observational equivalences. Extensionally-equal functions should be

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Pujet, Loïc, and Nicolas Tabareau. "Impredicative Observational Equality." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 7, POPL (2023): 2171–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3571739.

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In dependent type theory, impredicativity is a powerful logical principle that allows the definition of propositions that quantify over arbitrarily large types, potentially resulting in self-referential propositions. Impredicativity can provide a system with increased logical strength and flexibility, but in counterpart it comes with multiple incompatibility results. In particular, Abel and Coquand showed that adding definitional uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP) to the main proof assistants that support impredicative propositions (Coq and Lean) breaks the normalization procedure, and thus t

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LUO, ZHAOHUI, and ROBIN ADAMS. "Structural subtyping for inductive types with functorial equality rules." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 18, no. 5 (2008): 931–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129508006956.

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In this paper we study subtyping for inductive types in dependent type theories in the framework of coercive subtyping. General structural subtyping rules for parameterised inductive types are formulated based on the notion of inductive schemata. Certain extensional equality rules play an important role in proving some of the crucial properties of the type system with these subtyping rules. In particular, it is shown that the structural subtyping rules are coherent and that transitivity is admissible in the presence of the functorial rules of computational equality.

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Pujet, Loïc, and Nicolas Tabareau. "Observational equality: now for good." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, POPL (2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3498693.

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Building on the recent extension of dependent type theory with a universe of definitionally proof-irrelevant types, we introduce TTobs, a new type theory based on the setoidal interpretation of dependent type theory. TTobs equips every type with an identity relation that satisfies function extensionality, propositional extensionality, and definitional uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP). Compared to other existing proposals to enrich dependent type theory with these principles, our theory features a notion of reduction that is normalizing and provides an algorithmic canonicity result, which we

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Pelke, Lars. "Party institutionalization, authoritarian regime types and women’s political equality." Contemporary Politics 27, no. 4 (2021): 461–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2021.1908724.

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Baek, Inmee, and Andrew Chia. "Do types of foreign capital matter for income equality?" World Economy 43, no. 12 (2020): 3243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12984.

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VYTINIOTIS, DIMITRIOS, and STEPHANIE WEIRICH. "Parametricity, type equality, and higher-order polymorphism." Journal of Functional Programming 20, no. 2 (2010): 175–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796810000079.

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AbstractPropositions that express type equality are a frequent ingredient of modern functional programming – they can encode generic functions, dynamic types, and GADTs. Via the Curry–Howard correspondence, these propositions are ordinary types inhabited by proof terms, computed using runtime type representations. In this paper we show that two examples of type equality propositions actually do reflect type equality; they are only inhabited when their arguments are equal and their proofs are unique (up to equivalence.) We show this result in the context of a strongly normalizing language with

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Pakpahan, Novritsar Hasintongan. "Formulation of Contempt of Court Statute to Restore Abused Judiciary’s Dignity Caused by Integrity Besmirch Through Retrial." Equality : Journal of Law and Justice 2, no. 2 (2025): 135–48. https://doi.org/10.69836/equality-jlj.v2i2.289.

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This research is based on the issue of lack of contempt of court statutes and the common practice of denigrating judiciaries in trials. Background of the study is due to common practice of integrity abuse and lack of judiciary’s dignity protection that pushes the need for contempt of court statute formulation. The paper then formulates two research questions, namely how the regulation of contempt of court would revitalize court’s dignty and how regulation can be formulated for legal remedy towards tainted legal process. The methodology of the research is based on normative research that applie

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Jiang, Tao, Hong-wei Jin, Wen-jie Ma, Ji-gen Chen, and Ling-min Yuan. "TYPES OF QUALITY AND EQUAL SCIENCE EDUCATION SYSTEMS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EQUALITY IN EDUCATION." Journal of Baltic Science Education 22, no. 3 (2023): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/23.22.439.

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Some education systems have both quality and equality. They have achieved educational equity. This study aimed to uncover the practical wisdom of such systems in developing educational equality. A quantitative research design was used. Family capital and science achievement were the variables analyzed. They were secondary data collected by the 2018 PISA test. PISA surveyed students' family capital with questionnaires and measured students' science achievement with cognitive items. Six education systems with quality but low equality comprised the control group. Its sample size ranged from 4656

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Al-Shami, Tareq. "Investigation and corrigendum to some results related to g-soft equality and gf -soft equality relations." Filomat 33, no. 11 (2019): 3375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1911375a.

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Since Molodtsov defined the concept of soft sets, many types of soft equality relations between two soft sets were discussed. Amongthese types are 1-soft equality and gf-soft equality relations introduced in [1] and [2], respectively. In this paper, we first aim to show that some results obtained in [1,2] need not be true, by giving two counterexamples. Second, we investigate under what conditions these results are correct. Finally, we define and study the concepts of gf-soft union and gf-soft intersection for arbitrary family of soft sets.

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Traavik, Laura E. M. "Career equality." Gender in Management: An International Journal 33, no. 6 (2018): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-07-2017-0092.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate inclusion, perceived opportunities and discrimination between men and women, across career levels, in a professional service firm in Norway. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design with a survey was used. Employees across six different career levels in a large Norwegian professional service firm responded, resulting in a sample size of 912. Findings Men report higher levels of inclusion and more opportunities and less discrimination in the work place than women do. Patterns of differences between men and women vary across career

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Alwan, Alyaa A., and Alaa A. Najim. "Co r-Equality Domination in Graphs." BIO Web of Conferences 97 (2024): 00119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249700119.

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There are a lot of studies and scientific researches on domination and its different types. We introduce new types of domination. D is known as a co-r-equality dominating set because D ⊆ V(G), such that ∀ v ∈ V — B, where r vertices in D dominate the vertex v, The cardinality minimum of all MCrEDS is known as the co-r-equality dominance number, as shown by γcre(G). We determine best possible upper and lower bounds for Υcrs(G), discussed for several standard graphs such as: complete, complete bipartite, wheel graphs.

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Tan, Kok-Chor. "Equality and Special Concern." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 36 (2010): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2010.10717655.

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IntroductionThe various special concerns and commitments that individuals ordinarily have, for example towards family members, friends, and possibly compatriots, present an interesting challenge for justice. Justice, after all, is said to be blind and imposes demands on persons that ought to be impartial, at least in some respects, to personal ties and relationships. Yet individual special concerns are obviously of moral importance and are deeply valued by participants in these relationships. Thus any conception of justice to be plausible has to be able to accommodate to some extent the variou

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Kazerounian, Milod, Jeffrey S. Foster, and Bonan Min. "SimTyper: sound type inference for Ruby using type equality prediction." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 5, OOPSLA (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485483.

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Many researchers have explored type inference for dynamic languages. However, traditional type inference computes most general types which, for complex type systems—which are often needed to type dynamic languages—can be verbose, complex, and difficult to understand. In this paper, we introduce SimTyper, a Ruby type inference system that aims to infer usable types—specifically, nominal and generic types—that match the types programmers write. SimTyper builds on InferDL, a recent Ruby type inference system that soundly combines standard type inference with heuristics. The key novelty of SimType

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HEDBERG, MICHAEL. "A coherence theorem for Martin-Löf's type theory." Journal of Functional Programming 8, no. 4 (1998): 413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796898003153.

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In type theory a proposition is represented by a type, the type of its proofs. As a consequence, the equality relation on a certain type is represented by a binary family of types. Equality on a type may be conventional or inductive. Conventional equality means that one particular equivalence relation is singled out as the equality, while inductive equality – which we also call identity – is inductively defined as the ‘smallest reflexive relation’. It is sometimes convenient to know that the type representing a proposition is collapsed, in the sense that all its inhabitants are identical. Alth

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Yeasmin, Dr Minara. "Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions about Gender Equality." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation 4, no. 4 (2023): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/.ijmrge.2023.4.4.427-431.

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Teachers are the agent of social change. For teachers, promoting gender equality is not a question of opinion, but a requisite responsibility. The present study aims to examine the B.Ed. trainee students’ perception of gender equality. It followed a descriptive survey design for which one self-made questionnaires was used as the tool and focused group discussions arranged for qualitatively perspective. Total 136 B.Ed. trainee students was taken as sample from Aliah University and WBUTTEPA of Kolkata, West Bengal. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis was done. It is found the B.Ed. traine

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Osmanaj, Enejda. "Gender Equality – Legal Reality in Albania." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 1, no. 1 (2014): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v1i1.p268-273.

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The objective for gender equality policy is that women and men must have the same power to shape society and their own lives. While equality is an essential component of the human rights' protection, gender in equalities are still present in our society. One of the most serious violations of gender equality is violence against women. Violence against women is a form of discrimination, which is rooted in gender inequality. According to a study by INSTAT (2007), 27, 6% of women reported that violence had started after marriage. Abused women often were unwilling, to talk openly about domestic vio

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Cheng, Xiao Yun, Xiao Long Xin, and Peng Fei He. "Generalized state maps and states on pseudo equality algebras." Open Mathematics 16, no. 1 (2018): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2018-0014.

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AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to cope with states in a universal algebraic setting, that is, introduce a notion of generalized state map from a pseudo equality algebra X to an arbitrary pseudo equality algebra Y. We give two types of special generalized state maps, namely, generalized states and generalized internal states. Also, we study two types of states, namely, Bosbach states and Riečan states. Finally, we discuss the relations among generalized state maps, states and internal states (or state operators) on pseudo equality algebras. We verify the results that generalized internal sta

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Robbins, Joel. "Equality, Inequality, and Exchange." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 34, no. 4 (2009): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.116562.

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Comments on: JOHN LIEP. A Papuan Plutocracy: Ranked Exchange on Rossel Island. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 2009. Pp. 376. ISBN: 978-87-7934-446-4 I mention that good ethnographies appear after the fact to be based on good fortune because John Liep looks for all the world like one of those lucky types for whom this generalization holds true. Interested in economy and exchange, he found his way to Rossel Island, where people happen to operate what from some angles has to be seen as the most complex currency system in the world, one that turns on 34 different, ranked kinds of currency tokens

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König, Dieter, and Volker Schmidt. "Extended and conditional versions of the PASTA property." Advances in Applied Probability 22, no. 2 (1990): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427556.

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Two types of conditions are discussed ensuring the equality between long-run time fractions and long-run event fractions of stochastic processes with embedded point processes. Modifications of this equality statement are considered.

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König, Dieter, and Volker Schmidt. "Extended and conditional versions of the PASTA property." Advances in Applied Probability 22, no. 02 (1990): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800019777.

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Two types of conditions are discussed ensuring the equality between long-run time fractions and long-run event fractions of stochastic processes with embedded point processes. Modifications of this equality statement are considered.

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Zhao, Dafang, Muhammad Aamir Ali, Waewta Luangboon, Hüseyin Budak, and Kamsing Nonlaopon. "Some Generalizations of Different Types of Quantum Integral Inequalities for Differentiable Convex Functions with Applications." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 3 (2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6030129.

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In this paper, we prove a new quantum integral equality involving a parameter, left and right quantum derivatives. Then, we use the newly established equality and prove some new estimates of quantum Ostrowski, quantum midpoint, quantum trapezoidal and quantum Simpson’s type inequalities for q-differentiable convex functions. It is also shown that the newly established inequalities are the refinements of the existing inequalities inside the literature. Finally, some examples and applications are given to illustrate the investigated results.

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Nazar, Nazia, Karin Österman, and Kaj Björkqvist. "Religious Tolerance, Gender Equality and Bellicose Attitudes: A Comparative Study of Three Educational Systems in Pakistan." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 11, no. 1 (2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v11i1.p126-135.

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The study explores differences between Pakistani students from three types of schools regarding religious tolerance, views on gender equality, and bellicose attitudes towards India. A questionnaire was filled in by 285 girls and 300 boys, 15−17 years of age (mean age identical for both = 15.8, SD = 0.8), from three different types of schools (Urdu Medium, English Medium, and Madrassas). Significant differences were found: students attending English Medium schools differed most from other students. They scored highest on religious tolerance and gender equality, and lowest on bellicose attitudes

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Tao, Zhuolin, Qianyu Zhong, and Yinuo Dang. "A Maximal Multimodal Accessibility Equality Model to Optimize the Equality of Healthcare Services." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 13, no. 8 (2024): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi13080278.

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The equality of healthcare services has been a focus among researchers and policymakers. The maximal accessibility equality (MAE) model is a widely used location-allocation model for the optimization of the accessibility equality of facilities. However, it might produce biased results due to the overlooking of multiple transport mode options for urban residents. This study develops a maximal multimodal accessibility equality (MMAE) model by incorporating the multimodal two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) accessibility model. It reflects the multimodal context in cities and aims to maximiz

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Hyder, Abd-Allah, Hüseyin Budak, and Mohamed A. Barakat. "Milne-Type inequalities via expanded fractional operators: A comparative study with different types of functions." AIMS Mathematics 9, no. 5 (2024): 11228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2024551.

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<abstract><p>This study focused on deriving Milne-type inequalities using expanded fractional integral operators. We began by establishing a key equality associated with these operators. Using this equality, we explored Milne-type inequalities for functions with convex derivatives, supported by an illustrative example for clarity. Additionally, we investigated Milne-type inequalities for bounded and Lipschitzian functions utilizing fractional expanded integrals. Finally, we extended our exploration to Milne-type inequalities involving functions of bounded variation.</p></a

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Powell, Martin. "The Strategy of Equality Revisited." Journal of Social Policy 24, no. 2 (1995): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400024855.

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ABSTRACTIn 1982 Julian Le Grand in his text,The Strategy of Equalitydelivered the message that ‘almost all public expenditure on the social services in Britain benefits the better off to a greater extent than the poor’. This has been developed into the conventional wisdom, that the welfare state has failed to achieve equality. However, this pessimistic verdict may be challenged on a number of grounds. First, it is debatable to what extent the welfare state was intended to achieve the types of equality defined by Le Grand. Second, it is possible to arrive at a less pessimistic conclusion both b

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Ilieva, N. V., and V. S. Kulia. "THE GUARANTEES OF THE CONCEPT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY OF ALL PARTICIPANTS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE PROCESS BEFORE THE LAW AND THE COURTS IN UKRAINE." Constitutional State, no. 55 (October 15, 2024): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2024.55.311957.

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The article analyzes approaches to understanding the concept of guarantees, the essence of guarantees, general guarantees of the principle of equality of all participants in court proceedings and special guarantees of the principle of equality of all participants in the administrative process before the law and the court. The primary definitions of the concept of guarantees, the main guarantees of the general principle of equality were studied, the principle of equality of participants in court proceedings was separately studied, the classification of such guarantees was considered taking into

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Brännström, Leila. "The Terms of Ethnoracial Equality." Social & Legal Studies 27, no. 5 (2017): 616–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663917722827.

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This article initially accounts for the discussions concerning the notions ‘ethnic origin’ and ‘race’ that have taken place in the Swedish legislative context and places these within a wider European context. Next follows a mapping of the ways in which Swedish courts, in cases of alleged ethnic discrimination, read the notion of ‘ethnic affiliation’ – defined as ‘national or ethnic origin, skin colour, or other similar circumstance’ – and decide whether a statement or an act is related to it. The purpose, to borrow Michel Foucault’s words, is to ‘make visible precisely what is visible’. By bri

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Haußner, Stefan, and Michael Kaeding. "Political equality without social equality? Social distortion of voter turnout in the European elections 2019 across nine European capitals." Research & Politics 7, no. 2 (2020): 205316802092815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053168020928159.

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Although we know a lot about why citizens vote or abstain in elections, the social inequality of low turnout in European elections has attracted little attention. This paper focuses on voter turnout in the last 2019 European elections and examines whether low voter turnout in second-order elections is automatically associated with high social inequality, using Tingsten’s law as inspiration. By contrasting a second-order election with other high and low turnout elections, the paper deepens our understanding of the mechanisms behind low turnout in European elections. Following the argument that

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Haque, Farhana. "Gender and Development: A Study of Feminist Theories." International Journal of Culture and History 7, no. 2 (2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v7i2.17734.

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The term feminism derived from the notion to establish women’s right equal like men. It refers to the ideology that men and women should be treated equally both in the sections of politics and morality. Feminism means to create a scope to women to raise their voice against men regarding the matter of equality and as a result feminism does frequently linked towards different types of motions since last two centuries and performed to execute the concept of parity through implanting it throughout the culture. There are several other opinions and ideologies by different feminists regarding the ter

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Vinska, Oksana, and Volodymyr Tokar. "CLUSTER ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION GENDER EQUALITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Journal Business, Management and Economics Engineering 19, no. 02 (2021): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bmee.2021.15382.

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Purpose – The article aims at discovering classes and clusters of EU member-states considering their levels of economic development and gender equality to foster the enhancement of EU cohesion policy. Research methodology – The methodology includes the grouping by two parameters, economic development and gender equality, and the cluster analysis, the “far neighbor principle”, agglomerative hierarchical classification algorithm and the usual Euclidean distance as the distance between objects. Findings – There are no gender equality laggards among EU member-states. More developed countries belon

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Politova, A. S. "The state of scientific development of the problems of criminal liability for gender-based violence in the context of armed conflict (martial law) in Ukraine in 2012-2014." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 4 (September 14, 2023): 367–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.04.61.

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The article analyzes the topics of dissertation research on gender-based violence, including its types (forms), approved in 2012-2014. The author notes that the problem of gender-based violence and its types (forms), gender discrimination, gender equality in the context of armed conflict (martial law) has not been the subject of comprehensive scientific research.It is concluded that in 2012 1609 dissertation research topics in the specialty 12.00 (Legal Science) were approved, of which 14 topics or 0.87 % were devoted to the problems of gender-based violence, including its forms (types), and g

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WEIRICH, STEPHANIE. "FUNCTIONAL PEARL Type-safe cast." Journal of Functional Programming 14, no. 6 (2004): 681–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796804005179.

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Comparing two types for equality is an essential ingredient for an implementation of dynamic types. Once equality has been established, it is safe to cast a value from one type to another. In a language with run-time type analysis, implementing such a procedure is fairly straightforward. Unfortunately, this naive implementation destructs and rebuilds the argument while iterating over its type structure. However, by using higher-order polymorphism, a casting function can treat its argument parametrically. We demonstrate this solution in two frameworks for ad-hoc polymorphism: intensional type a

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Thomson, Stanley Bruce, William X. Wei, and Phillip Swallow. "Equality and harmony: diversity management in China." Chinese Management Studies 13, no. 1 (2019): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-10-2017-0290.

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Purpose Considering the importance of China as a global economic power and the emphasis placed on human resources in a knowledge economy, the findings of no less than 30 articles on diversity management in that country seem inadequate given the growing importance of diversity in the workplace. Analysis of those articles reveals that most of the research focuses on firms located on the eastern coast. Moreover, while cataloging the types of industry and ownership covered provides a broad overview, specific industries and ownership types require further examination. Methodology Searches were cond

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Nevskaya, Irina A. "Typological features of Shor equative and similative constructions." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2022): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/81/22.

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Equative constructions state that the object compared and the standard of comparison possess the same quality to the same degree (She is as tall as her father). In contrast, similative ones presuppose that the action is processed in the same manner (She sings like her mother). Such comparative constructions of equality have not been studied sufficiently in the typological aspect. Research on such constructions in a language allows for delineating their universal and individual features. This paper deals with equality constructions in Shor, an indigenous Turkic language spoken in South Siberia,

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Schmid, Günther. "Enhancing gender equality through transitional labour markets." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 7, no. 2 (2001): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890100700207.

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This article develops the concept of ‘transitional labour markets': legitimised and collectively insured sets of mobility options between paid and unpaid work. Such mobility options could constitute a basis for both a new gender contract and a new concept of full-employment, the latter being based on the flexible target of 30 hours a week, from which employees would constantly deviate over their life course to allow for periods of training, child-care, higher-income phases etc. Of five different types of transitional labour market, this article focuses on the transition between paid and unpaid

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Nikolakakis, Nikolaos. "Spheres of Equality and Distributive Justice." Díkaion 34, no. 1 (2025): 1–32. https://doi.org/10.5294/dika.2025.34.1.1.

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Among political and legal theories, there is widespread agreement on equality as a normative principle. The present paper’s main argument is constructed as a set, rather than as a system, of isolated positions within the framework of a view of the concepts of justice and equality. The epistemological rejection of foundationalism is accompanied by the methodological priority of politics over philosophy. The central positions derive from the adherence to a pluralistic galaxy of incommensurable values, which function as concurrent variables. The argumentation this paper brings forward is based pr

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Soboleva, Natalia. "Perceptions of gender equality in post-crisis Europe." European Journal of Government and Economics 6, no. 1 (2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2017.6.1.4323.

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The paper aims to compare the perceptions of gender equality of individuals more or less affected by economic crisis in Europe. Crisis touched the economy of most European countries but to a different extent. Special focus is given to the perceptions of gender equality of vulnerable groups (female, lesser-educated, one-adult households with children). The data is Eurobarometer 2011. The sample is limited to respondents aged 18-65. According to the results of multilevel regression analysis, those who have suffered from crisis assess lower the current level of gender equality whereas perceptions

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Ilik, Danko. "The exp-log normal form of types: decomposing extensional equality and representing terms compactly." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 1 (2017): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3093333.3009841.

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Buribayev, Yermek A., and Zhanna A. Khamzina. "Gender equality in employment: The experience of Kazakhstan." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 19, no. 2 (2019): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358229119846784.

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No country in the world has achieved full gender equality in labour relations. Kazakhstan has just begun a long way of creating legislative and organizational conditions for equality in the workplace. It is obvious that to create a more equal, gender-sensitive society, a state will require profound changes in perceptions, attitudes, stereotypes, and laws. Facilitating such changes is justified not only from a moral but also from an economic point of view. Today, the requirements for women in society in the performance of labour functions are the same as for men. However, in family and domestic

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Bogacki, Sylwester, and Tomasz Wołowiec. "The Development and Types of the Income Tax Construction." Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 14, no. 2 (2022): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tekapr.2021.14.2-4.

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Two basic types of income taxes have evolved in tax systems: tax cedular, also known as analytical tax, and global tax, also known as synthetic or unitary tax. Taxation of personal income has become and is one of the most important redistribution tools income of the population, allowing for the implementation of the principles of universality, justice (equality) and taxation of the so-called clean income (these three principles are the requirements of modern taxation income from natural persons in EU countries) and stimulating the desired behavior in the sphere of consumption. Therefore, incom

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Dadan Ramlan. "Analisis Hukum Undang-Undang Pemilihan terhadap Pelanggaran Kampanye Ditempat Ibadah dalam Presfektif Equaliy Before The Law." Referendum : Jurnal Hukum Perdata dan Pidana 2, no. 1 (2025): 18–37. https://doi.org/10.62383/referendum.v2i1.442.

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General elections for regional heads are a means of democracy to obtain regional heads based on the principles of direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair elections. In the general election process for regional heads there are 4 (four) types of handling violations, in this case criminal election violations, administrative violations. Elections, Violations of the Code of Ethics and other Violations of Laws, in implementing Violation Handling must pay attention to the principle of equality before the law that all people must be treated equally before the law. This principle is one of

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