Bibliographies thématiques / Equine behaviour

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Equine behaviour »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 2 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Equine behaviour":

Butterworth, Jill. « Equine behaviour ». Veterinary Record 174, n^o 12 (20 mars 2014) : 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.g2233.

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Nellist, Jenni. « Equine behavioural first aid ». Veterinary Nurse 10, n^o 10 (2 décembre 2019) : 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2019.10.10.540.

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It is common for equines to become difficult to handle during procedures, veterinary or otherwise, as a direct result of handling during the procedure and as a consequence of poor mood state derived from inappropriate housing; these lead to pessimistic behavioural responses, which will include proactive defensive behaviour. Since poor equine behaviour is a common cause of injury to veterinary personnel, and not all equine owners and handlers have sufficient levels of competence to cope with dangerous equine behaviour, both the veterinary practice and the client are likely to benefit from veterinary personnel trained and competent in behavioural first aid. Behavioural first aid can prevent problematic behaviour from escalating, protect human safety and improve equine welfare.

White, Jo, et Ruth Sims. « Improving Equine Welfare through Human Habit Formation ». Animals 11, n^o 8 (21 juillet 2021) : 2156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082156.

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This paper explores the potential for interventions to develop pro-animal welfare habitual behaviours (PAWHBs) in people to improve the lives of animals. Human behavioural research indicates that opportunities exist to deliver lasting change through developing positive habitual behaviours. The routine nature of many equine care and management practices lends itself to habit formation and maintenance. This proof-of-concept paper aims to evaluate a theory-based intervention of developing and maintaining a PAWHB in people caring for equines. Qualitative research methods were used. A 30 day PAWHB intervention (PAWHBInt) of providing enrichment to an equine by scratching them in a consistent context linked to an existing routine behaviour was undertaken. Participants (n = 9) then engaged in semi-structured interviews that were analysed using thematic analysis, where the participants self-reported the outcomes they observed during the intervention. The study findings suggest that the PAWHBInt had a positive impact on human behaviour and habit formation. The research helps to address the dearth of evidence regarding the application of habit theory to equine welfare interventions and emphasised linking a desired new behaviour to an existing routine behaviour when developing PAWHBs. The research also highlights the role of mutual benefit for human and equine, and emotion in providing feedback and potential reward, supporting the link to the cue-routine-reward principle of habit theory.

BRACHER, VERENA, et T. STOHLER. « Equine clinical behaviour ». Equine Veterinary Journal 30, S27 (10 juin 2010) : 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb05134.x.

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Murphy, Jack, et Sean Arkins. « Equine learning behaviour ». Behavioural Processes 76, n^o 1 (septembre 2007) : 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2006.06.009.

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McGreevy, Paul. « Assessing equine behaviour ». Veterinary Record 186, n^o 14 (16 avril 2020) : 459.2–459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.m1471.

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Torres Borda, Laura, Zsofia Kelemen, Ulrike Auer et Florien Jenner. « Video Ethogram of Equine Social Behaviour ». Animals 14, n^o 8 (14 avril 2024) : 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14081179.

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Equine social behaviour studies face challenges stemming from the absence of a comprehensive ethogram with unequivocal standardised definitions and the resulting limits to data comparison across studies. To address these constraints, this ethogram offers researchers a standardised framework, defining thirty-seven distinct equine social behaviours supplemented by video examples for enhanced clarity. These definitions amalgamate insights from existing ethograms and are fine-tuned through meticulous video observations, encompassing contextual cues such as distinguishing between aggressive and playful circling based on ear position and facial expressions and communicative nuances to provide a detailed representation of equine social behaviours. Video recordings complement the standardised definitions by capturing the dynamic flow and sequence of social interactions. By providing a dynamic and detailed representation, videos allow researchers to observe the temporal aspects of behaviour, including the sequence, duration, and rhythm of interactions. These detailed data are crucial for interpreting social behaviours and unravelling the complexities of equine societies. Standardized and video-illustrated definitions of equine social behaviour facilitate clear and consistent communication between researchers, enabling cross-study comparisons regarding the impact of husbandry practices and health conditions on equine social behaviour, which, in turn, can facilitate the assessment and optimisation of management practices and equine welfare.

Torres Borda, Laura, Ulrike Auer et Florien Jenner. « Equine Social Behaviour : Love, War and Tolerance ». Animals 13, n^o 9 (26 avril 2023) : 1473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13091473.

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Sociality is an ethological need of horses that remained unchanged by domestication. Accordingly, it is essential to include horses’ social behavioural requirements and the opportunity to establish stable affiliative bonds in equine management systems and welfare assessment. Thus, this systematic review aims to provide an up-to-date analysis of equine intraspecific social ethograms. A literature review yielded 27 papers that met the inclusion criteria by studying adult (≥2 years) equine social behaviour with conspecifics using a well-defined ethogram. Social interactions were observed in 851 horses: 320 (semi-)feral free-ranging, 62 enclosed (semi-)feral and 469 domesticated, living in groups averaging 9.1 (mean +/− 6.8 s.d., range: 2–33) horses. The ethograms detailed in these 27 studies included a total of 40 (mean: 12.8/paper, range: 2–23) social behaviours, of which 60% (24/40) were agonistic, 30% (12/40) affiliative, 7.5% (3/40) investigative and 2.5% (1/40) neutral. The 27 publications included 67.7% agonistic and only 26% affiliative, 5.1% investigative and 1.2% neutral social behaviours in their methodology, thus focusing predominantly on socio-negative interactions. The strong emphasis on agonistic behaviours in equine ethology starkly contrasts with the rare occurrence of agonistic behaviours in stable horse groups and the well-established importance of affiliative interactions for equine welfare. The nuanced and complex equine social behaviour requires refinement of the ethogram with a greater focus on affiliative, ambivalent and indifferent interactions and the role of social tolerance in equine social networks to advance equine welfare assessment.

Nellist, Jennifer M. « Equine behavioural first aid and combatting stress in equines ». UK-Vet Equine 5, n^o 3 (2 mai 2021) : 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2021.5.3.129.

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Behavioural first aid is for the prevention of harm to equids and humans. The need for behavioural first aid is either immediately apparent on examination or requested by a client because of the occurrence of undesirable and/or dangerous behaviour. Delivering effective first aid advice relies on recognising the problem, providing immediate, practical interim solutions, or referral to an appropriate behavioural practitioner. Behaviour itself is related to the equine's social and environmental situation, its emotional experience and the behavioural goal. Challenging behaviour is often related to lack of predictability or control in the equine's life, caused by sub-optimal management or during exposure to painful, frightening or confusing equitation practices that do not adhere to the principles of learning theory. The goal of behavioural first aid is to preserve the safety and welfare of the equine and their human connections until the animal is referred on. As such, being able to undertake behavioural first aid should be considered a valuable skill and an asset to modern equine veterinary practice.

Done, E. J., H. Randle et T. Counsell. « The effect of group size on proximity relations in pre weaned foals kept in a commercial stud environment ». BSAP Occasional Publication 35 (2006) : 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00042713.

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The Stud Book Returns of racehorse breeders to Weatherbys Group Ltd. in 2003 recorded 16,008 live foals in England, Scotland, Wales, the Irish Republic and Northern Ireland; the same organization estimates the U.K. racehorse population to be 40,000 (Defra, 2004). The link between diminished equine well-being and social isolation (where physical segregation from conspecifics is regarded as preventing the expression of instinctive social behaviour) is well documented (e.g. Fraser, 1992, ). The negative consequences of social deprivation during the primary socialization period have been studied in adult equines; these include fear responses when presented with novel stimuli, generalized fear-induced aggression and stereotypic behaviours (Fraser, 1992, ; McGreevy et al., 1995b, . The manifestation of ‘a normal behavioural repertoire’ is widely viewed as an indication of well-being (Hurnik et al., 1985, ). The acquisition of typical equine behaviour occurs in a socialization period that involves close contact with conspecifics (e.g. identification through olfactory investigation and reciprocal maintenance behaviours such as allo-grooming).

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Thèses sur le sujet "Equine behaviour":

De, Roeck Robert Michael. « The rheology, microstructure and sedimentation behaviour of equine blood ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621962.

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Fenner, Katharine (Kate) Helen. « The Equine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) : How the domestic equine triad can advance ethical equitation ». Thesis, University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24338.

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This thesis consists of eight chapters describing the development and validation of the Equine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ). The E-BARQ, a novel citizen science project, has the potential to change the way we understand horse behaviour by investigating the domestic equine triad of training, management and behaviour and linking its various interactions to outcomes and interventions. The way that horses are trained, handled, and managed influences their behaviour that, in turn, impacts both rider safety and horse welfare. While the fields of equine science and equitation science have made inroads into our understanding of horse behaviour, many traditional management and training techniques continue to be used today, despite the lack of an evidence-base to substantiate their efficacy. To obtain a baseline understanding of what constitutes normal behaviour in horses, it is necessary to collect, analyse and interpret large-scale, longitudinal, observational data relating to what I have dubbed the domestic equine triad. These data will reveal how our current training and management practices affect behaviour, a knowledge gap that could be argued to have, until now, compromised rider safety and horse welfare. The E-BARQ is designed to bridge this gap, deepen our understanding of horse behaviour and the horse-human dyad, and provide a robust, One Welfare evidence-base for future equine research promoting ethical equitation.

De, Beer Ampie. « Influencing Leadership Skills, Behaviour and Values : an Equine Assisted Leadership Development Course Evaluation ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59812.

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In the current turbulent business climate, the need for well-developed leaders, that can handle the internal and external corporate pressure, is increasing There are a number of established leadership development programs but not many that make use of experiential learning techniques. More recently, there has been an increase in Equine Assisted Leadership Development (EALD) Programmes in the world and in South Africa. There is evidence that Equine Assisted Programmes can have a positive lasting effect on the participants of the programme. The aim of this study is to evaluate an equine assisted leadership development programme. The focus is on the leader's behaviour change, the impact it has on their leadership style, and their perceived relationship with their followers. Qualitative, exploratory researched methods were used to gain new insights into the behaviour change of the leaders after they had attended an Equine Assisted Leadership Development programme. A total of 13 semi- structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with leaders and senior leaders, 12 to 36 months after they attended the programme. The participants work in the mining industry. Each interview was analysed by means of thematic content analysis. The leaders that attended the EALD courses shared their real-life experiences and the perceived impact the programme had on their leadership skills, behaviour and values. What emerged from the findings was an Equine Assisted Leadership Development Process Flow and Impact Model, which documented the journey of a leader taking part in an EALD programme, starting at the pre EALD course, through the process, to an end outcome resulting in improved leaderships skills, behaviour and a shift in values. The final outcome of the programme is illustrated in an adapted model which divides impact areas into three groups: namely impact on the individual, their relationship with others and their team. Each grouping describes the change in leadership skills, behaviour and a shift in values that was enacted in the specific areas.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
pa2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

Giles, Sarah Louise. « Equine obesity : linking predictions from evolutionary biology with the ingestive behaviour and subsequent body condition of UK horses and ponies ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683555.

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This thesis assessed the factors influencing body condition and subsequent obesity risk in UK horses and ponies, using an interdisciplinary approach. It was novel in considering social and behavioural risk factors for obesity, using modelling to generate testable predictions, epidemiological risk factor studies to quantify the relative role of behavioural versus other factors, and behavioural fieldwork studies to support model predictions. In a partially outdoor-living population the prevalence of obesity was 27% at the end of winter, rising to 35% during summer. Regional nuchal crest adiposity had the opposite seasonal pattern. Breed was the most important factor in determining obesity risk. As horses and ponies became obese, usual seasonal variation in body condition was reduced, something not previously reported. The role of social and behavioural risk factors in determining body condition and subsequent obesity was highlighted. Dominance was strongly associated with body condition in two studies, where more dominant individuals tended to have a higher body condition score and greater obesity risk. Theoretical modelling predicted that differences in foraging efficiency could lead to stable and predictable body condition differences within pairs and trios of individuals. When tested empirically, foraging efficiency was associated with both dominance and body condition in domestic herds. Animals with a greater foraging efficiency generally had a higher body condition and were more dominant. A potential 'fattening cycle' is described whereby a greater body condition leads to a higher dominance status, allowing for a greater foraging efficiency, and further body condition increase. Herd dynamics and social relationships could therefore determine obesity risk. The direction of association between dominance, body condition and foraging efficiency requires future longitudinal investigation. Social and behavioural risk factors should be considered in future clinical investigations in group-living animals. A series of practical recommendations for horse owners are detailed.

Mazzo, Hortencia Campos. « Suplementação de glicerina na dieta de equinos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-03082018-153431/.

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A glicerina, na alimentação, pode ser considerada uma boa fonte energética. Assim, sua utilização como substituta em parte de grãos e outros alimentos ricos em amido é amplamente estuda já que esses alimentos podem causar alterações metabólicas e digestivas quando em alto consumo. Neste estudo, objetivou-se comparar níveis de adição de glicerina na dieta de equinos. Foram utilizados oito pôneis machos, castrados, da raça Mini-Horse, com idade aproximada de 9 anos ± 6 meses, peso corporal médio de 149,80 ± 17,20 kg e escore corporal médio de 5,4 ± 0,7. Os animais foram alojados em baias individuais. Adotou-se consumo diário individual de 1,75% do peso corporal (PC), sendo 1% do PC em matéria seca (MS) proveniente do volumoso e 0,75% do PC em MS do concentrado, com proporção 60:40 (volumoso:concentrado). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino duplo 4 x 4 contemporâneos. As dietas diferiram quanto ao nível de inclusão de glicerina (0, 4, 8 e 12%) que foram calculados com relação á porcentagem de concentrado fornecidos por animal. As avaliações foram realizada em quatro períodos, sendo 14 dias de adaptação à dieta, 5 dias de coleta total de fezes (CTF) e 2 semanas de intervalo entre os períodos. Avaliou-se a digestibilidade aparente total dos nutrientes e fermentabilidade da glicerina a partir da CTF, por meio das análises de respostas glicêmicas, insulinêmicas, ácido graxos da cadeia curta, ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA) e pH das fezes. Também foram realizadas análises de segurança e aceitabilidade que se constituiu de análises de função hepática e renal, triglicerídeos, colesterol e frações além da avaliação do comportamento alimentar dos animais. Além de análise de implicações econômica a partir da simulação de substituição do milho pela glicerina bruta. Os dados foram submetidos à análise pelo programa Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., 2010). Para os resultados significativos, foi utilizado o teste de Tukey com P<0,05. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos em nenhuma das análises realizadas (P<0,05). A glicerina se mostrou palatável e com aceitabilidade. A substituição de milho por glicerina, mesmo em valores de 1%, representa economicamente 0,42% de ganho. A suplementação de glicerina bruta na dieta de equinos se apresenta como segura não afetando o comportamento alimentar, a higidez e a saúde digestiva dos animais, possuindo justificativa econômica para uso.
Glycerin in food can be considered a good source of energy. Thus, its use as a substitute part of grains and other starchy foods is widely studied since these foods can cause metabolic and digestive changes when in high consumption. The objective of this study was to compare levels of glycerin addition in the equine diet. Eight male, castrated Mini-Horse male ponies, aged approximately 9 years ± 6 months, mean body weight of 149.80 ± 17.20 kg and mean body score of 5.4 ± 0.7 were used. The animals were housed in individual stalls. Individual daily consumption of 1.75% of body weight (CP) was used, with 1% CP in dry matter (DM) from bulky and 0.75% CP in DM from concentrate, with a ratio of 60:40 voluminous: concentrate). The experimental design used was the contemporary 4 x 4 double Latin square. The diets differed in the glycerin inclusion levels (0, 4, 8 and 12%) that were calculated in relation to the percentage of concentrate supplied per animal. The evaluations were performed in four periods, 14 days of adaptation to the diet, 5 days of total collection of feces (TCF) and 2 weeks of interval between periods. The total apparent digestibility of nutrients and fermentability of glycerol from the TCF were evaluated through glycemic, insulinemic, short chain fatty acid, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and faecal pH analyzes. Safety and acceptability analyzes were also performed, which consisted of analyzes of liver and renal function, triglycerides, cholesterol and fractions, besides the evaluation of the animals\' feeding behavior. In addition to analysis of economic implications from the simulation of substitution of corn by crude glycerin. The data were submitted to analysis by the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., 2010). For the significant results, the Tukey test was used with P <0.05. There were no differences between treatments in any of the analyzes performed (P <0.05). Glycerin was palatable and acceptable. The substitution of corn for glycerin, even at 1%, represents economically 0.42% gain. The supplementation of crude glycerin in the equine diet presents itself as safe, without affecting the alimentary behavior, the hygiene and the digestive health of the animals, with economic justification for use.

Al-Jaru, Ayman I. « Equine spermatogenesis : meiotic chromosome behavior and recombination ». Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2010. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/1762/.

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Studying the spermatogenesis of horse is beneficial for the horse industry by identifying the causes of chromosomal abnormalities, which cause embryonic loss, congenital abnormalities and infertility. Little is known about the spermatogenesis in horse. This is the first report that investigates the horse spermatogenesis in detail, particularly metaphase I (MI) and prophase I (PI) stages of the first meiotic division. Meiotic recombination is considered to be the major outcome of meiosis. It is essential for proper chromosome segregation and formation of normal haploid gametes. Analysis of recombination frequency and distribution are crucial for genomic and association studies. Any alteration of the recombination frequency and positioning can cause non-disjunction and generation of aneuploidy. The frequency and distribution of chiasmata were estimated at MI chromosomes from fourteen fertile stallions. The average frequency of autosomal chiasmata was 49.45 ± 2.07, corresponding to a genetic length of 2,472.5 cM. All autosomal bivalents had at least one chiasma. The majority of chromosomes have one or two chiasmata, which are mostly distally localized. The frequency and the distribution as well as the genetic length of chiasmata were also estimated for the first time in eight different individual autosomes. Immunofluorescent localization was used to characterize the early stages of the first meiotic division as well as to examine the frequency and the distribution of DNA mismatch repair protein MutL Homologous Protein 1 (MLH1) foci on synaptonemal complexes (SCs) from sex fertile stallions. The mean frequency of autosomal recombination foci was 50.11±2.35. All autosomal bivalents had at least one recombination focus. In general, foci were located near the distal ends with some foci interstitially distributed. The distribution of MLH1 foci indicated positive interference; however, foci were very close to one another in rare instances. The average SCs relative length was highly correlated with the average number of MLH1 foci. MLH1 have been proposed to mark crossover sites at PI since the frequency and distribuation of MLH1 foci closely correspond to the frequency and distribution of chiasmata on MI chromosomes. iii | P a g e Spermatozoa viability, which include spermatozoa head and tail membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial function assessment are the main sperm analysis parameters considered in this thesis to evaluate the stallion fertility using epididymal collected semen samples. The mean percentage of spermatozoa with viable heads and tails, using Chicago sky blue stain, was 81.26 ± 5.06. FITC-Pisum sativum agglutinin (FITC-PSA) and MitoTracer green were used successfully to assess the spermatozoal acrosomal status as well as the mitochondrial function, respectively. The mean percentage of spermatozoa with integrated acrosome was 93.85 ± 1.9, while for functional mitochondria was 95.63 ± 1.63. In conclusion, this finding is the cornerstone to understanding the genetic basis of normal horse spermatogenesis. Simultaneous assessment of different functional sperm parameters as well as investigating the synapsis and recombination frequency and distribution, at PI or MI, would assist with predictions of stallion fertility prior to breeding. In addition, this study will enable investigators to use linkage analysis in identifying and localising different genetic loci associated with specific traits.

Parker, Matthew Oliver. « Behavioural correlates of the equine stereotypy phenotype ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/67410/.

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Stereotypic behaviour is characterised as repetitive, topographically invariant, rigid behaviour patterns, often displayed by captive, domestic and laboratory animals. The cause of these behaviours is thought primarily to be related to impoverished or species-atypical living environments, but recent research has outlined a neural phenotype, relating to basal ganglia dopamine physiology, which is common to several species. One species displaying the neural and associated behavioural phenotypes is the Horse. The purpose of this thesis was to explore, through behavioural assays, the behavioural phenotypes associated with endogenous basal ganglia dysfunction as a neural feature of equine oral stereotypy. In the first study, the behavioural effects of one aspect of the neural phenotype – downregualtion of dopamine transmission in the nigrostriatal pathways – were examined. Animals with the medial aspect of the dorsal striatum lesioned have been shown to exhibit learning differences in spatial navigation procedures. Employing two dry-maze procedures, stereotypic and control horses were required to locate food in different locations. No specific differences between the groups were found, but the stereotypic group were found to be less exploratory and tended to adopt ‘habitual’ response patterns. In the next studies, the behavioural effects of a further feature of the neural phenotype – upregulation of mesoaccumbens dopamine transmission – were examined. Chronic amphetamine exposure leads to a similar neural phenotype, and this offered an interesting hypothesis in the context of the endogenous change reported in stereotypic horses. A Pavlovian to Instrumental Transfer task was initially employed, in which horses were first trained in a Pavolvian procedure, and subsequently trained to perform an instrumental response, reinforced by the same food as in the Pavlovian phase. In the transfer phase, the Pavlovian conditioned stimulus was introduced in the context of the instrumental responding. It was predicted that response rates would increase during the transfer phase; however, the results were inconclusive. In the third study, further behavioural effects of increased mesoaccumbens dopamine were tested by employing an instrumental choice procedure. Stereotypic horses and controls were trained to choose between two mutually-exclusive schedules of reinforcement, one associated with a short delay to gain food and one with a longer delay. Chronic amphetamine exposure leads to a decrease in sensitivity to delay, and it was demonstrated that stereotypic horses showed similar patterns, failing to choose the shorter schedule. Finally, increased dopamine transmission is known to enhance the rate at which learning shifts from planned-action to habit, and this was examined in stereotypic horses using a ‘place-response’ preparation. Evidence was found to support this hypothesis in two variations of this procedure. The latter findings suggested an imbalance of the constituent cells that form the striatum: the striosome and matrix components. Taking this in conjunction with the other findings, this imbalance may hold the key to identifying the aetiology of stereotypic behaviour.

Francis, Jesse. « SENSORY ANALYSIS OF EQUINE FEED PRODUCTS ». OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1787.

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Three experiments were conducted to investigate factors that may influence horse and consumer preference of equine feed products. The first experiment was a two-phase study designed to investigate the impact of oil-based palatants on horse preference when topically applied to a pelleted diet. In Phase One, treatment diets containing six palatants (banana, anise, apple, peppermint, spearmint, and orange) were compared to a control diet (corn oil) in a paired preference test. Phase Two then compared three palatants (anise, apple, and peppermint) to each other. Preference testing was comprised of a 15 second olfaction period followed by a 3 minute consumption period and first diet sniffed, first diet consumed, first action, aversive behaviors, excessive salivation, amount consumed, and number of chews were recorded. Results from Phase One revealed that orange negatively impacted palatability indicated by less consumption when compared to the control (P = 0.02), though there was no impact on chews per gram. No difference between control and treatment diets for first sniff or first consumed was observed when analyzed individually in either Phase One or Two, though there was a moderate positive correlation (ф = 0.39, P = 0.04) between olfaction and consumption during the peppermint and anise comparison. Consumption as the first action was consistent across all trials (P < 0.05). Anise was preferred over apple and peppermint as indicated by higher total consumption (P < 0.05) in Phase Two. The second experiment was designed to compare horse and consumer preferences of two horse treats products. Horses were presented with two different treat products in a paired preference test comprised of separate olfaction and consumption periods. Additionally, consumers evaluated the two different horse treat products separately for purchase intent as well as consumer preference using a Hedonic ranking scale of the sensory attributes. Consumer data were analyzed by comparing 1) the preferences of horse owning participants to non-horse owning participants, and 2) horse owning participants preference for the two different treat products. No difference was observed for first product sniffed, consumed, or finished during the horse preference test. However, moderate positive correlations were observed between first product sniffed and consumed (P = 0.01, ф = 0.40) as well as first product consumed and finished (P < 0.01, ф = 0.48). Consumer testing revealed lower ratings for Product A in size (P = 0.01), texture (P = 0.02), and purchase intent (P = 0.02) from horses owners when compared to non-horse owners. Horse owners rated Product A lower in appearance (P < 0.01), texture (P < 0.01), size (P < 0.01), and purchase intent (P < 0.01) than Product B.The third project investigated the influence of packaging on shelf life stability and horse preference of treats. Three packaging treatments (control, poly, and paper) were examined at five time points over a 12-month period. Treatments were analyzed for moisture, water activity, mold, yeast, pH, and volatile organic acids. Horse preference testing evaluated first treatment sniffed, consumed, and finished as well as number of treats consumed. Moisture content and water activity increased in all treatments (P < 0.01) from month 0 to month 12, with paper packaging providing a greater fluctuation and containing visible mold at month 12 (P < 0.01). No difference was observed for first treatment sniffed, consumed, or finished during preference testing. However a trend (P = 0.09) for the period*treatment interaction was observed for number of treats consumed, with a poly increasing while paper decreased. These data indicate that 1) palatants and packaging material influence horse preference of feed products, and 2) both horse and consumer testing should be considered during product development to maximize acceptance.

Paula, Renata Alves de. « Estudo da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em equinos durante o casqueamento com a utilização de feromônio materno equino ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154512.

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A equinocultura encontra-se em constante crescimento e por isso há um maior interesse em estudos científicos que favoreçam a relação homem animal garantindo consequentemente o bem-estar animal. Discussões são cada vez mais frequentes, envolvendo não só as formas de criação como também as práticas as quais são submetidos. A feromonioterapia é uma nova alternativa que vem sendo estudada a fim de tranquilizar e reduzir os problemas relacionados ao medo, ansiedade e fobia e limitando as manifestações do sistema nervoso autônomo e consequentemente o estresse a esses animais. Para tanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) de equinos submetidos ao tratamento com Feromônio Materno Equino (FME) durante o procedimento de casqueamento. Foram avaliados 20 potros, com idade média de vinte e quatro meses, machos e fêmeas sem experiência prévia ao casqueamento que foram divididos em dois grupos (A e B) onde um deles recebeu tratamento com FME e o outro placebo (excipiente sem o princípio ativo), considerado randomizado e duplo-cego. Os parâmetros avaliados foram frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (FR), glicemia, VFC e análise de reações comportamentais. O exame clínico foi avaliado em dois momentos sendo: M1 (20 minutos previamente ao casqueamento) e M2 (20 minutos após o casqueamento). Já a VFC, foi avaliada nos momentos pré, trans e pós casqueamento. Os resultados demonstraram que não houve diferenças estatísticas dos parâmetros clínicos avaliados (FC, FR e glicemia) em comparação com os grupos (FME e placebo) em relação aos momentos M1 e M2. A FC mínima, FC média e FC máxima e principalmente os índices da VFC (SDNN, SDANN e SDNNi, RMSSD e PNN50) também não diferiram quando se comparou os grupos nos momentos pré, trans e pós casqueamento. Embora não tenha ocorrido significância, observou-se tendência a diminuição dos parâmetros FC, glicemia e reatividade em um dos grupos, havendo percepção nítida de mudança no comportamento durante o casqueamento sugerindo maior tranquilidade dos equinos durante o procedimento, com a feromonioterapia.
The horse breeding is found in constant growth and then there is a greater interest in scientific studies that favor the animal man relationship therefore ensuring animal welfare. Discussions are increasingly frequent, involving not only the forms of creation but also the practices which are submitted. Pheromone therapy is a new alternative that has been studied in order to reassure and reduce the problems related to fear, anxiety and phobia and limiting the manifestations of the autonomic nervous system and consequently the stress to these animals. For this purpose, the aim of this study was to evaluate the heart rate variability (HRV) of horses submitted to treatment with Maternal Equine Pheromone (MEP) during the hoof trimming. We evaluated 20 foals, with an average age of twenty-four months, males and females without prior experience to the hoof trimming that were divided into two groups (A and B) where one received treatment wich MEP and and the other placebo (excipient without the active ingredient), considered randomized and double-blind. The parameters evaluated were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (FR), blood glucose, HRV and analysis of behavioral reactions. The clinical examination was studied in two moments: M1 (20 minutes before the procedure hoof trimming) and M2 (20 minutes after the procedure hoof trimming). Already the HRV was evaluated in pre, trans and post procedure hoof trimming. The results showed that there was no statistical differences of clinical parameters evaluated (FC, FR and glucose) compared to the groups (MEP and placebo) in relation to the moments M1 and M2. Minimum FC, medium FC and maximum FC and especially the index of VFC (SDNN, SDANN e SDNNi, RMSSD e PNN50) also did not differ when compared the groups in moments pre, during and after procedure hoof trimming. Although there has not been significance there was a tendency to decrease the parameters FC, blood glucose and reactivity in one of the groups, there being clear perception of change in behavior during procedure hoof trimming with pheromone therapy suggesting greater tranquility of equines during the procedure.

Sarrafchi, Amir. « Equine stereotypic behavior as related to horse welfare : A review ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-77944.

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There are strong suggestions that equine stereotypies are being connected to poor welfare and a sub-optimal management and/or stabling environment. Until today different forms of equine stereotypic behaviors have been described. Crib-biting, weaving, and box-walking are considered the most prevalent. Several studies have been conducted to establish links between the underlying causes and potential function of such behaviors. Both experimental and epidemiological studies have indicated management factors specifically feeding practices, housing conditions, and weaning method as crucial in the development of stereotypies in stabled horses. Some neurologic studies on equine stereotypy demonstrated some forms of CNS dysfunction as the causal factor for the performance of stereotypic behaviors. Different researchers hypothesized that the functional significance of stereotypies is that they reduce stress in captive environments and should thus be considered as a coping mechanism. In contrast, the owner‟s perspective is often that a stereotypic horse has a “stable-vice” that needs to be stopped and different kinds of methods have been developed to control or regulate stereotypic behaviors. However, if the stress-reducing hypothesis is correct, controlling stereotypic behaviors particularly by physical and surgical approaches without addressing the underlying causes is of great concern to the horse‟s welfare. Although there is ongoing uncertainty about the exact function, the growing knowledge about causation should be applied: under all circumstances prevention is better than cure.

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Livres sur le sujet "Equine behaviour":

International Congress on Equine Clinical Behaviour (1st 1996 Basel, Switzerland). Equine clinical behaviour. Sous la direction de Bracher Verena et Swiss Equine Veterinary Association. Newmarket, Suffolk, UK : Equine Veterinary Journal Ltd., 1998.

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Verena, Bracher, dir. Equine clinical behaviour : Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Equine Clinical Behaviour, Basel, Switzerland, June, 1996. Newmarket, Suffolk : Equine Veterinary Journal, 1998.

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Lethbridge, Emma. Knowing your horse : A guide to equine learning, training, and behaviour. Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.

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McGreevy, Paul. Equine behavior : A guide for veterinarians and equine scientists. 2^e éd. Edinburgh : Elsevier, 2013.

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McGreevy, Paul. Equine behavior : A guide for veterinarians and equine scientists. Edinburgh : Saunders, 2004.

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Kiley-Worthington, M. Horse watch : What is is to be equine. London : J.A. Allen, 2005.

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Budiansky, Stephen. The nature of horses : Exploring equine evolution, intelligence, and behavior. New York : Free Press, 1997.

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Anderson, Allen. Horses with a mission : Extraordinary true stories of equine service. Novato, Calif : New World Library, 2009.

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1954-, Anderson Allen, et Anderson Linda C. 1946-, dir. Horses with a mission : Extraordinary true stories of equine service. Novato, Calif : New World Library, 2009.

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1954-, Anderson Allen, et Anderson Linda C. 1946-, dir. Horses with a mission : Extraordinary true stories of equine service. Novato, Calif : New World Library, 2009.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Equine behaviour":

Hausberger, Martine, Léa Lansade et Séverine Henry. « Chapter 15. Behaviour and behavioural management during rearing and stabling ». Dans Equine nutrition, 505–12. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-855-1_15.

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Barbier, M., S. Benoit et J. L. Lambey. « Effect of a complementary horse feed on nervous horse behaviour ». Dans Applied equine nutrition and training, 195–203. Wageningen : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-740-0_13.

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Scofield, Rose M. « A guide to equitation science. » Dans Solving equine behaviour problems : an equitation science approach, 1–38. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244892.0001.

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Scofield, Rose M. « Handling the horse. » Dans Solving equine behaviour problems : an equitation science approach, 39–71. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244892.0039.

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Scofield, Rose M. « Groundwork and foundation training. » Dans Solving equine behaviour problems : an equitation science approach, 72–109. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244892.0072.

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Scofield, Rose M. « Ridden work. » Dans Solving equine behaviour problems : an equitation science approach, 110–39. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244892.0110.

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Wickens, Carissa L., et Katherine A. Houpt. « Stereotypic and Behavior Disorders ». Dans Equine Neurology, 472–83. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993712.ch37.

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Piché, Anthony, Robert Halpern, Michael A. Savallo et Michael C. Granatosky. « Equine Locomotion ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 2401–9. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55065-7_1003.

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Piché, Anthony, Robert Halpern, Michael A. Savallo et Michael C. Granatosky. « Equine Locomotion ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–10. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1003-1.

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Kristiansen, Rachel E. « Equine Communication ». Dans Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior, 1–5. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_949-1.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Equine behaviour":

Rashid, Maheen, Sofia Broome, Katrina Ask, Elin Hernlund, Pia Haubro Andersen, Hedvig Kjellstrom et Yong Jae Lee. « Equine Pain Behavior Classification via Self-Supervised Disentangled Pose Representation ». Dans 2022 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wacv51458.2022.00023.

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Li, Zhan-lei, Sheng-ming Wang et Yun-feng Ye. « Empirical Study on Equity Mispricing and Market Timing Behaviour of Equity Financing ». Dans 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5304654.

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Liu, Zhi, et Nikhil Garg. « Test-optional Policies : Overcoming Strategic Behavior and Informational Gaps ». Dans EAAMO '21 : Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465416.3483293.

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Tuyon, Jasman. « Anatomy Of Behavioural Risk Seasonality In Equity ». Dans 13th Asian Academy of Management International Conference 2019. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.11.

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Kolodzik, Ann Katharine, et Paul Hutchison. « From Every Angle : Group In/Equity Behaviors ». Dans 17th International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS) 2023. International Society of the Learning Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22318/icls2023.136676.

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Ekroth, Gunnel. « What we would like the bones to tell us : a sacrificial wish list ». Dans Bones, behaviour and belief. The osteological evidence as a source for Greek ritual practice. Swedish Institute at Athens, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/actaath-4-55-04.

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Animal bones comprise the only category of evidence for Greek cult which is constantly significantly increasing. The use of ever more sophisticated excavation methods demonstrates the importance of zooarchaeological material for the study of Greek religion and how such material can throw light on texts, inscriptions and images, as the animal bones constitute remains of actual ritual actions and not mere descriptions or representations of these actions. This paper outlines some areas where the zooarchaeological evidence may be of particular pertinence, for example, in elucidating the complex and idiosyncratic religious terminology of shares of sacrificial victims mentioned in sacred laws and sacrificial calendars, or in providing a context for a better understanding of the representations of animal parts on Attic vases. The role of meat within ancient Greek society, the choice of sacrificial victims and the handling of “non-sacrificable” animals such as game, dogs and equids within Greek cult can also be clarified by comparisons with the animal remains.

Omar, Nor Asiah. « The Role Of Consumers Participation Behavior To Smes Brand Equity ». Dans 13th Asian Academy of Management International Conference 2019. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.33.

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Xie, Hongtao, Shaofu Zhou et Huajie Xu. « A State Space Model for Equity Mutual Funds' Trading Behavior ». Dans 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.2390.

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Sharif, Haider, Mohammed Jameel Alsalhy, Raaid Alubady, Sarah Kadhim Mohsin, Ragheed Hussam et Jamal K. Abbas. « Investor Behavior Analysis Using Bayesian Learning for the Equity Market ». Dans 2023 Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas : International Conference on Intelligent Systems (AICERA/ICIS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aicera/icis59538.2023.10420285.

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Wang, Le, Benjamin Addei-Duah, Wanliang Dai et Xiaoshu Wang. « The Literature Review of Brand Equity and Consumer Buying Behaviour : 1980~2014 ». Dans 2014 International Conference on Mechatronics, Electronic, Industrial and Control Engineering. Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/meic-14.2014.349.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Equine behaviour":

Wallace, ina F., Meera Viswanathan, Stephanie McInnis et Jessica Sobolewski. How Effective Are Interactive Social Media Interventions for Changing Health and Health Behaviors ? A Cochrane Review Summary with Commentary. RTI Press, septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2023.rb.0034.2309.

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This brief summarizes the published Cochrane Review, “Behavioural Interventions Delivered Through Interactive Social Media for Health Behaviour Change, Health Outcomes, and Health Equity in the Adult Population,” by J. Petkovic, S. Duench, J. Trawin, O. Dewidar, J. Pardo Pardo, R. Simeon, M. DesMeules, D. Gagnon, J. Hatcher Roberts, A. Hossain, K. Pottie, T. Rader, P. Tugwell, M. Yoganathan, J. Presseau, & V. Welch (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012932.pub2). The Cochrane Review examines whether interactive social media interventions improve health behaviors and health outcomes, concluding that such interventions may benefit physical activity, weight loss, and well-being, but the evidence is not strong due to extensive heterogeneity and small effects. The review defines interactive social media as “activities, practices, or behaviours among communities of people who have gathered online to interactively to share information, knowledge, and opinions… in which adults are able to communicate directly with each other” (p. 1). The review and original commentary acknowledge the limitations, suggesting that future social media intervention trials use a common set of outcome measures, examine the role of mediating variables, and measure adherence. The original commentary describes other social media research that has shown an impact.

Bekaert, Geert, et Campbell Harvey. Capital Flows and the Behavior of Emerging Market Equity Returns. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juillet 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6669.

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Korajczyk, Robert, Deborah Lucas et Robert McDonald. Understanding Stock Price Behavior around the Time of Equity Issues. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3170.

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Santoro, Fabrizio. Visual Nudges : How Deterrence and Equity Shape Tax Compliance Attitudes and Behaviour in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.011.

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The empirical evidence on the drivers of compliance is expanding quickly, but there is less evidence from low-income countries. Mass-media communication channels are a cheap option that budget-constrained revenue administrations can use to communicate with taxpayers. However, very little is known about the effectiveness of such tools in improving compliance. This paper starts to address this gap by testing the impact of two short animated videos on tax matters – one focusing on deterrence and the other on equity – that were used in a survey experiment. Using a unique dataset of survey and administrative data from Rwandan taxpayers, we are able to measure the impact on compliance perceptions and behaviour. We document two significant results. First, both videos are effective in improving perceptions around enforcement and equity. Second, only the deterrence video translates into more tax being remitted – the equity appeal fails to raise more revenue. We investigate the mechanisms behind this response, and show that prior behaviour of taxpayers might explain the different responses to our deterrence and equity treatments. Our intervention is highly cost-effective and easily scalable.

Desai, Sonalde. Gender Inequalities and Demographic Behavior : India. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1003.

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As India prepares for the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD), it is clear that the country’s population policy faces a number of serious challenges. Although India was the first country to announce an official family planning program in 1952, its population has grown from 361 million in 1951 to 844 million in 1991. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 ICPD. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. The purpose of the reports is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family’s central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.

Mascagni, Giulia, Roel Dom et Fabrizio Santoro. The VAT in Practice : Equity, Enforcement and Complexity. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), janvier 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2021.002.

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The value added tax (VAT) is supposed to be a tax on consumption that achieves greater economic efficiency than alternative indirect taxes. It is also meant to facilitate enforcement through the ‘self-enforcing mechanism’ – based on opposed incentives for buyers and sellers, and because of the paper trail it creates. Being a rather sophisticated tax, however, the VAT is complex to administer and costly to comply with, especially in lower-income countries. This paper takes a closer look at how the VAT system functions in practice in Rwanda. Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines qualitative information from focus group discussions with the analysis of administrative and survey data, we document and explain a number of surprising inconsistencies in the filing behaviour of VAT-remitting firms, which lead to suboptimal usage of electronic billing machines, as well as failure to claim legitimate VAT credits. The consequence of these inconsistencies is twofold. It makes it difficult for the Rwanda Revenue Authority to exploit its VAT data to the fullest, and leads to firms, particularly smaller ones, bearing a higher VAT burden than larger ones. There are several explanations for these inconsistencies. They appear to lie in a combination of taxpayer confusion, fear of audit, and constraints in administrative capacity.

Gage, Anastasia J., et Wamucii Njogu. Gender Inequalities and Demographic Behavior : Ghana/Kenya. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1004.

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Ghana and Kenya were the first countries in sub-Saharan Africa whose governments recognized the potentially detrimental effects of rapid population growth on economic development and, as a result, adopted and implemented national population policies. This is one of three reports on the relationship between gender equity, family structure and dynamics, and the achievement of reproductive choice that was prepared by the Population Council for the 1994 International Year of the Family and the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development. These reports provide critical reviews of the relationship between gender inequality and demographic behavior in three demographically significant, culturally distinct parts of the developing world: Egypt, India, and Ghana and Kenya. Their purpose is to help governments and international agencies design and implement policies that are affirmative of women, sensitive to the family’s central role in resource allocation and distribution, and effective in achieving broad-based population and development goals.

Fiore, Ann Marie Marie, Danielle Testa, Kelcie Slaton, Shantell Reid et Sonia Bakhshian. The Small, Inventory Free Retail Format : The Impact on Consumer-Based Brand Equity and Purchase Behavior. Ames (Iowa) : Iowa State University. Library, janvier 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa.8469.

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Olarreaga, Marcelo, Jacques Morriset et Alejandro Izquierdo. Information Diffusion in International Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, juillet 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010814.

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Specific information on trade and financial markets across international borders is costly to acquire. Sellers and buyers rely instead on information obtained from partner behavior in other countries. Three channels are identified through which information is disseminated in import and equity markets of 14 OECD countries. The first consists of information spillovers from commercial to financial markets and vice-versa. We find strong evidence in support of the first direction and some for the reverse, suggesting that traders use common information, frequently from the same sources, such as financial intermediaries. The second and third channels emphasize seller and buyer reputation in third markets. They are equally important in explaining bilateral import flows, but buyer reputation appears to be more relevant for equity flows. All three channels may help better explain contagion effects across markets and countries.

Sappington, Jayne, Esther De León, Sara Schumacher, Kimberly Vardeman, Donell Callender, Marina Oliver, Hillary Veeder et Laura Heinz. Library Impact Research Report : Educating and Empowering a Diverse Student Body : Supporting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Research through Library Collections. Association of Research Libraries, juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.texastech2022.

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As part of ARL’s Research Library Impact Framework initiative, a research team from the Texas Tech University (TTU) Libraries explored methods for assessing collections related to the study and research of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) topics and their discoverability by users. DEI studies have increased in prominence on academic campuses along with calls to question privilege and power structures, making DEI collections assessment critical. The TTU Libraries undertook a two-part project that surveyed user needs, collections usage, cataloging and discoverability, and user behavior in searching for and evaluating DEI resources. While the researchers were not able to identify an effective method for assessing DEI in large-scale collections, key findings indicate the potential for partnering with women’s and gender studies and Mexican American and Latino/a studies and the need for increased attention on cataloging and metadata, particularly table of contents and abstract/summary fields. The research team identified that many users expressed uncertainty in searching and evaluating DEI resources and expressed interest in search enhancements for better filtering and more prominent website presence for DEI research help.