Thèses sur le sujet « Estimation du potentiel de marché »
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Wu, Ziqing. « Towards hyperconnected circular supply chains : conceptualization, demand estimation, and network design ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025EMAC0002.
Texte intégralThe Circular Economy is receiving growing attention in both academia and industry, yet the implementation of circular principles continues to face significant challenges. In particular, dynamic supply chains and efficient logistics systems that can support circular operations remain underdeveloped. This thesis addresses three key challenges in circular supply chains and offers distinct contributions to advance this evolving field. First, it explores the integration of Physical Internet principles into circular supply chains. Circular systems involve complex multi-directional flows of materials, collaboration among diverse stakeholders, and active engagement from end customers, all of which introduce unique operational challenges. Physical Internet principles — such as seamless flows, stakeholder collaboration, and plug-and-play functionalities — position it as a promising potential solution to these challenges. A conceptual framework is introduced, merging Physical Internet and circular supply chain concepts, and detailing ten interrelated characteristics. Additionally, a maturity model is developed to help companies assess their current practices and devise action plans for adopting this framework. The second contribution addresses the challenge of demand estimation for new businesses entering the circular economy. A market potential estimation framework is proposed, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods. This framework combines clustering analysis, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, and expert judgment to estimate market potential based on existing product statistics and secondary market research. The third contribution focuses on supply chain network design within the Circular Economy and Physical Internet context. A decision-support system is developed, incorporating mixed-integer programming models to optimize facility location decisions. This system incorporates the conceptual framework from the first contribution and leverages demand scenarios from the second, offering decision-makers tailored solutions for network design. All three contributions are illustrated through an industrial case on the electric retrofitting of Internal Combustion Engine vehicles, demonstrating the applicability and relevance of the proposed solutions
Lepez, Vincent. « Potentiel de réserves d'un bassin pétrolier : modélisation et estimation ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460802.
Texte intégralGlorieux, Nicolas. « Optimisation de la trajectoire des cadres, choix de mobilité interne et potentiel d'évolution ». Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50374-1999-7.pdf.
Texte intégralThis thesis analyse the influence of the previous career on the choice of career guidance when two possibilities are available: internal movement (vertical or lateral) and the decision of firing managers. An empirical study identified two models of career planning, based on the maximization of the net benefit (evaluated performance minus mobility cost). In the first model called + immediate benefit ;, each movement between different occupations is made in order to maximize the benefit. The second model called + delayed benefit ; define a series of movements into complementary occupations. A satisfying performance in the whole set of movements is a necessary condition to access the final occupation because it allows the manager to produce an optimal contribution into this job. This model explain the reproduction of the managerial personnel into big firms by the transmission of organizational knowledges necessary to the perpetuation of the enterprise. The fraction of the managers that are concerned by this procedure depend on the choice of external recruitment made by the employer. When considering occupational characteristics into the choice of internal mobility for two differents jobs, there is an uncertainty on the ability of the agent to master the required capacities in the new job which are missing in the actual job. The success of the mobility is never guarantee ex ante but always verifiable ex post by the observation of the performance in the new job. The fonnalization of the two models with the theory of choice of investment in uncertainty shows that the employer try to reduce this uncertainty by a selection on the individual capabilities and by the consideration of the link between the jobs. We called this link : the level of transferability between the occupations. The employer demand a premiun of performance, proportionnal to the degree of uncertainty, as a proof that the person is a priori able to master the new occupation. The coexistence of the two models depend on the capacity of the agent to achieve the anticipated trajectory. The firm can produce some + generalist ; managers or some + experts ; specialized into a particular field
Ajouz, Sakhr. « Estimation du potentiel de résistance de Botrytis cinerea à des biofongicides ». Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453646.
Texte intégralCaillault, Cyril R. « Le risque de marché : mesures et backtesting : approche par les copules dynamiques ». Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0009.
Texte intégralThis thesis deals with the copulas in order to measure the market risk. Chapter 1, we recall the Most important results concerning copulas : definition, Sklar's theorem, constructions, tail dependence, concordance measures, and simulation's algorithms. In Chapter 2, we develop a non parametric estimation method based on tail dependence concept that we compare with the “Omnibus" estimator. We show that the choice of the best copula could be different according to the method. Then, our results show existence of co movements between Asian markets. Chapter 3, we develop dynamical methods to compute the Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall measures. The choice of the measure is discussed according to the Basle amendment. Chapter 4, we introduce the dynamical copula to calculate Value at Risk. Three tests are proposed in order to validate this computations method
Blanchard, Christophe. « Estimation en continu des potentiels évoqués auditifs précoces ». Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120007.
Texte intégralRoger, Muriel. « Politiques de l'emploi et transitions sur le marché du travail ». Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010016.
Texte intégralPhélizon, Constance. « La création de richesse associée aux offres publiques : modélisation et estimation sur le marché français ». Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010039.
Texte intégralJandrzejewski, Bouriga Mathilde. « Estimation de matrices de covariance : application à la gestion de risques Marché et financiers d'EDF ». Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090010.
Texte intégralHamouche, Bouayad Agha Salima. « Estimation d'un modèle de déséquilibre sur le marché des biens de consommation en Algérie : 1966-1989 ». Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010010.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work is to study disequilibrium in the algerian consumption goods market. For that purpose, we consider works done in this fieldfor centrally planned economies in eastern europe. These economies are said to suffer from sustained, significand excess demand. If we wish to test this hypothesis, we must admit for each observation the possibility that it reflects either positve or negagtive excess aggregate demand. The appropriate model must therefore allow that either buyers or sellers may encounter quantity constraints. Estimation in this context requires the techniques for dealing with markets in disequilibrium. That provides the opportunity to review the various available estimation techniques : full information maximum likelihood ; three pseudo-maximum likelihood methods and their simulated counterparts. On the basis of our results, excess supply seems to be the most frequent case and this justifies rejecting the hypothesis of sustained excess demand in the market for consumption goods. We cannot draw strong, unambigous empirical conclusions from this work, while considering the labour market on one hand and the second economy or the other,would appear to be very great indeed
Castaings, William. « Analyse de sensibilité et estimation de paramètres pour la modélisation hydrologique : potentiel et limitations des méthodes variationnelles ». Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10154.
Texte intégralThe rainfall-runoff transformation is characterized by the complexity of the involved processes and by the limited observability of the atmospheric forcing, catchment properties and hydrological response. It is therefore essential to understand, analyse and reduce the uncertainty inherent to hydrological modelling (sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, data assimilation). Variational methods are widely used in other scientific disciplines (ex. Meteorology, oceanography) facing the same challenges. In this work, they were applied to hydrological models characterised by different modelling paradigms (reductionist vs. Systemic) and runoff generation mechanisms (infiltration-excess vs. Saturation excess). The potential and limitations of variational methods for catchment hydrology are illustrated with MARINE from the Toulouse Fluids Mechanics Institute (IMFT) and two models (event based flood model and continuous water balance model) based on TOPMODEL concepts developed at the Laboratory of Environmental Hydrology (LTHE). Forward and adjoint sensitivity analysis provide a local but extensive insight of the relation between model inputs and prognostic variables. The gradient of a performance measure (characterising the misfit with observations), calculated with the adjoint model, efficiently drives a bound-constrained quasi-newton optimization algorithm for the estimation of model parameters. The results obtained are very encouraging and plead for an extensive use of the variational approach to understand and corroborate the processes described in hydrological models but also estimate the model control variables (calibration of model parameters and state estimation using data assimilation)
Bellier-Delienne, Annie. « Évaluation des contrats notionnels MATIF : estimation de la volatilité et de l'option de livraison ». Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090028.
Texte intégralNotional bond futures volatility, which measures the sensibility of the contract to movements in financial market, is estimated from different types of options on long bond futures evaluation models. Whaley model (with classical hypothesis of Black and Scholes model, American option) gives the best result within the different models which were tested. The quality option gives the futures seller the choice of delivery bond at the expiry date. Obtained by arbitrage, it always seems to be under evaluated by the market. It can be explained by the fact that the market limits the official bond list with two or three deliverable bonds, and when a bond goes out of the official list, the next delivery month, it's almost the cheapest to deliver
Tapachès, Émeric. « Estimation du potentiel de la technologie solaire thermodynamique à concentration en climat non désertique - Application à La Réunion ». Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0011/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis focuses on the study of the direct solar resource received in Reunion and numerical modeling of a solar power plant consists of: 1 / a field of linear Fresnel collectors in which circulates synthetic oil; 2 / two sensible heat storage tanks; 3 / an organic Rankine cycle. The main goal is to evaluate the performance of such power plant in the island area identified as suitable.To meet this goal, several studies have been conducted: (i) a beam solar radiation map of Reunion was made from satellite images of MeteoSat 7. This map was used to assess the availability of this resource; (ii) a new global-to-diffuse irradiance decomposition model was made from based-ground measurements at Saint-Pierre. This model is based on the representation of higher probabilities of occurrence of the diffuse fraction; (iii) the geometry of the solar collector and beam solar irradiance were modeled from an existing ray-tracing code. This code has been used, firstly, to dimension the collector using an optimization method. And secondly, to develop a fast method in order to simulate absorbed flux distribution on the linear receiver elements; (iv) unsteady-state heat transfers within the solar collector was modeled with a nodal approach; (v) annual electricity production of the power plant running in the south of the island was simulated with a monitoring and control strategy relevant for the demand of the local electricity grid.The models that have been developed during this thesis are design support tools and allow the study of control strategies control of solar power plants with linear Fresnel collector
Alvarez, Alexander. « Modélisation de séries financières, estimation, ajustement de modèles et test d'hypothèses ». Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30018.
Texte intégralDavidson, Natalia. « The impact of spatial concentration on enterprise performance and location choice in Russia ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL12015/document.
Texte intégralFirm, city and regional level data for Russia, years 1999-2008, is employed to analyze the effects of agglomeration level and home market potential (HMP) on enterprise productivity and location choice. City average wages, transport infrastructure and business environment are considered. Our motivation is search for sources of economic development in the Russian cities, which differ significantly in their initial conditions and present situation. Agglomeration economies are associated with the opportunities for input sharing, matching and knowledge spillovers. In Chapter 3, urbanization and diversity economies as well as HMP are found to be positive. Localization economies have an inverted U shape for the majority of specifications, but are positive for the monotowns, showing the importance of firms’ concentration in the same industry for enterprise performance. Urbanization economies are important for the monotowns too. In Chapter 4, it is found that urbanization economies arising from presence both of national and foreign firms are positive, while those arising from the foreign firms’ presence are relatively larger. Localization economies arising from the national firms’ presence have an inverted U shape; localization effects arising from the foreign firms’ presence are contradictory. In Chapter 5, enterprise location choice for a city is estimated. Both urbanization economies and HMP positively affect location choice; localization economies keep the inverted U shape. Foreign firms’ choice for a city is more affected by agglomeration, HMP and institutional infrastructure, probably as they have greater opportunities than the national firms to choose location
Coutant, Sophie. « Contenu en informations dans les prix d'options : estimation de la densité neutre au risque du sous-jacent et applications ». Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090024.
Texte intégralThis thesis is concerned by the information content in option prices. More precisely, a first part consists in estimating the risk neutral distribution of the option underlying asset. In a second part, we study the feasible applications of the knowledge of this risk neutral density : expectations analysis of markets participants using confidence intervals, tests of expectation hypothesis, estimation of market participants risk aversion function
Kandil, Lamia. « Disparités sexuelles sur le marché du travail égyptien 1988-2006 : approche économétrique et empirique ». Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010057.
Texte intégralEfligenir, Anthony. « Estimation des propriétés électriques/diélectriques et des performances de séparation d'ions métalliques de membranes d'ultrafiltration et/ou de nanofiltration ». Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2039/document.
Texte intégralThe characterization of electrical and dielectric properties of UF and NF membranes is an essential step to understand their filtration performance. A new approach has been developed to determine the dielectric properties of a NF membrane by impedance spectroscopy. This is based on the isolation of the membrane active layer and the use of mercury as conductive material, which allowed us to prove that the dielectric constant of the solution inside nanopores is lower than that of the external solution. Two cell configurations (fibers immersed in the solution or fibers embedded in an insulating gel) were investigated for the implementation of tangential electrokinetic measurements with hollow fibers and the solution around the fibers was found to influence both streaming current and cell electrical conductance. Moreover, the important contribution of the fiber porous body to the streaming current does not allow the conversion of the latter to luminal zeta potential. The advantageous properties of these membranes were finally used to decontaminate solutions containing metal ions. Decontamination performances in terms of both pollutant retention and ecotoxicological impact were studied on synthetic solutions and a discharge water from surface treatment industry. Although retention performances were remarkable, the toxicity of the real effluent could not be totally annihilated. A thorough study of the retention of non-metallic contaminants is thus required
Cherrid, Nada. « Application des métaheuristiques à l'estimation des signaux physiologiques non stationnaires et fortement bruités ». Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002521990204611&vid=upec.
Texte intégralThis work of thesis carries on the problem of evaluating the physiological and temporally non stationary signals. We were especially interested in the brainstems Auditory Evoked Potentials (BAEPs). These signals are responses to acoustical stimulations. They reflect the activity of the auditory system while permitting a more precocious diagnosis of the acoustic neuroma. In the first step, we propose a new approach to evaluate the non stationary signals, recorded in extremely unfavourable conditions. This approach is based on the use of a stimulated annealing algorithm, in association with the technique of averaging without integration of information a priori on the signals to estimate. Then we will study two variants of this technique. The first uses a model of shape that offers a better quality of the signal. The second one integrates an information a priori on the dynamics of the BAEPs that proves to be notably efficient in the case where the signals are not greatly stationary, one demonstrates as well as the convergence of the optimisation algorithm is accelerated. These approaches are tested on healthy and pathological subjects and thereafter on a type of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals
Bonhomme, Stéphane. « Inégalité, mobilité et hétérogénéité sur le marché du travail : Contribution Empiriques et Méthodiques ». Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163065.
Texte intégralDans le deuxième chapitre nous étudions l'effet de la mobilité entre emplois sur les corrélations entre salaires et caractéristiques non salariales. Dans notre modèle, de fortes préférences pour ces caractéristiques ne se traduisent pas nécessairement en corrélations négatives si les frictions de mobilité sont importantes. Sur données européennes, nous estimons de fortes préférences pour certaines caractéristiques telles que le type de travail ou la sécurité de l'emploi, ainsi que des différentiels de salaires très faibles entre niveaux d'aménités.
Les chapitres 3 et 4 introduisent une méthode de modélisation de l'hétérogénéité inobservée : l'analyse en composantes indépendantes. Celle-ci diffère de l'analyse en composantes principales en ce que les facteurs ne sont pas supposés simplement non corrélés, mais statistiquement indépendants. Cette hypothèse permet d'identifier les facteurs de manière non ambigüe. Nous appliquons notre méthode à des données de salaires de l'éducation pour l'année 1995 en France. Nos résultats suggèrent une relation complexe et multidimensionnelle entre le niveau d'étude et son rendement sur le marché du travail.
Almonord, Jean Sergo. « Haïti et la CARICOM : essais sur les limites et le potentiel de l'intégration économique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDSESAM/2024/2024ULILA007.pdf.
Texte intégralAfter an extensive introduction on Haiti and CARICOM, this thesis comprises three essays in international economics aimed at shedding light on the issues and potential of the country and the region.The first essay is a critical discussion of David Ricardo's classical theory of comparative advantage, examining the role of income disparities in international trade. By breaking free from the commonly adopted restrictive assumption of "homothetic preferences," which pos-its that households allocate a constant fraction of their income to the purchase of each good or service they consume, the significance of demand (and thus of income distribution) in explaining trade flows is reaffirmed. A simple model demonstrates that a low-income coun-try can be excluded from trade despite its comparative advantages, even in the absence of trade barriers such as tariffs or transportation costs.Countries still dominated by subsistence agriculture tend to have a low level of openness because most of their production is consumed locally, and foreign-produced consumer goods remain inaccessible to them. In contrast, countries specializing in tourism services tend to have a high level of openness because they export these services to finance the importation of much of their food and consumer goods, which are not locally produced. In summary, re-gardless of their size, the level of economic openness of low-income countries depends largely on their specialization.Another crucial implication of the model is that only the wealthiest countries can truly bene-fit from the advantages of international trade. Trade appears as a driver of divergence rather than convergence because, in some cases, it tends to exacerbate inequalities between nations. Some countries benefit from global growth while others, despite their geographical proximi-ty, seem to drift away irreversibly.The second essay underscores the vulnerabilities arising from the tourism specialization of many Caribbean countries. Although this specialization has allowed them to benefit from the growth of wealthy countries, it also exposes them to all shocks that may affect this sector. The Covid-19 pandemic tragically revealed this fragility, as evidenced by the clear decline in GDP directly related to the importance of tourism in each of these countries. Caribbean economies were directly affected by travel restrictions imposed by tourists' countries of origin, without having a say. Thus, in addition to the fragility inherently linked to specializa-tion, these countries found themselves largely deprived of their sovereignty in economic pol-icy matters, which is particularly problematic when there is a divergence of interest.The third essay explores a potential avenue for Haiti's development. Despite CARICOM's stated intentions, intra-community trade remains very limited, and the expected benefits of the Chaguaramas agreements have yet to materialize. Caribbean countries have few com-plementarities and could be nothing more than competing tourist destinations without con-nections if they did not benefit from the visibility provided by belonging to the Caribbean community at the international level. We argue that Haitian craftsmanship could enrich the region's tourism industry. Haiti has a clear comparative advantage in this field due to its abundant workforce compared to other countries in the region. It could thus benefit from the successful tourism industry of its neighbors, as these countries have every interest in promot-ing a more cultural, profitable, and sustainable form of tourism than mass tourism
Belova, Alexandra. « Estimation of consumer demand on the air transport market ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E040/document.
Texte intégralNowadays one of peculiarities of the liberalized airline market is a huge divergence of ticket prices for the same flights. Mostly it reflects the companies' being unable to easily change the volumes of production or/and store them. The development and use of the yield management models (seat allocation models) have centered on airlines offering a variety of different types of fares for travel on the same flight. The goal of this dissertation is to construct a number of economic models to explain the price dispersion on the airline market from the different points of view. In Part 3, I create a direct price mode! which explains how different product and consumer characteristics influence the price level. It is shown how different attributes like the moment of ticket reservation, ticket class, weekday of the departure and number of coupons define the price and how it corresponds to the consumer characteristics (gender, income, age, etc.). Part 4 is devoted to the differences of the price level from the competition point of view. In a strategic game where firms compete against each other the set of rationalizable strategies for each player entails ail the best responses to the others' decisions. This chapter proposes an empirical test of the existence of the unique Nash equilibrium in a Cournot oligopoly. In Part 5 I treat an airline passenger market as a market with the product differentiation and apply a multinomial logit model to calculate price elasticities. The logit model (with a special focus on the consumers heterogeneity) estimates how the different product characteristics influence the market shares
Dubreuil, François. « Recruter sur un marché interne : les justifications des décisions d'attribution d'emploi de cadre, au sein d'une entreprise française de distribution d'énergie ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23947/23947_1.pdf.
Texte intégralDubreuil, François. « Recruter sur un marché interne : les justifications des décisions d'attribution d'emploi de cadre, au sein d'une entreprise française de distribution d'énergie ». Thesis, Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100062.
Texte intégralThis thesis is a study of how managers justify their staffing decisions. We spent three years at the distribution management branch of two French energy companies. We investigated the staffing tools, performed 65 formal interviews with recruiting managers, HR people and internal staff candidates and analysed data on job placement for the 6500 staff. Theoretically, we rely on the conventionalist and institutionalist approach. Studying the debates in the literature on competency, we show that while some specialists want to acknowledge competency, others want to manage it, others to certify it and others still to create networks of competencies. These specialists put emphasis on official, managerial, technical and relational competencies. Empirically, we show that there are four ways to staff positions: career path planning, recruiting on the internal market, human resources management and networking. Between 1980 and 2004, the career path planning approach is progressively replaced by the human resources management approach. The internal market looses its fluidity
Nguyen, Quoc-Hung. « THÉORIE NON LINÉAIRE DU POTENTIEL ET ÉQUATIONS QUASILINÉAIRES AVEC DONNÉES MESURES ». Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063365.
Texte intégralCorpetti, Thomas. « Estimation et analyse de champs denses de vitesses d'écoulements fluides ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005351.
Texte intégralBerdjane, Belkacem. « Consommation et investissement optimaux dans des marchés financiers à coefficients aléatoires ». Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES029.
Texte intégralWe consider an optimal investment and consumption problem for a Black-Scholes financial market with stochastic coefficients driven by a diffusion process. We assume that an agent makes consumption and investment decisions based on a constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) utility functions. The dynamical programming approach leads to an investigation of the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB) equation which is a highly non linear partial differential equation (PDE) of the second order. By using the Feynman-Kac representation we prove uniqueness and smoothness of the solution. Moreover, we study the optimal convergence rate of the iterative numerical schemes for both the value function and the optimal portfolio. We show, that in this case, the optimal convergence rate is super geometrical, i. E. Is more rapid than any geometrical one. We apply our results to a stochastic volatility financial market. We consider the same consumption and investment problem but we consider a Black-Scholes financial market with stochastic volatility and unknown stock appreciation rate. The volatility parameter is driven by an external economic factor modeled as a diffusion process, of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type with unknown drift. We use the dynamical programming approach and find an optimal financial strategy which depends on the drift parameter. To estimate the drift coefficient we observe the economic factor Y in the interval [0, T0] with fixed T0 > 0, and use a fixed-accuracy sequential estimation. Moreover, we consider the optimal consumption and investment problem on the finite interval [T0, T] under the estimated parameter. We show that the expected absolute deviation of the objective function from the optimal one, is less than some fixed positive small parameter δ, i. E. The strategy calculated through the sequential procedure is δ-optimal
Barry, Nene Amy. « Mesure d'impact de l'intervention gouvernementale au Canada sur le marché du poulet à griller et estimation d'une fonction de transfert entre le prix au producteur et le prix du maïs : Une application au modèle FARM ». Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8637.
Texte intégralDifernand, Audrey. « Etimation of potentials among young athletes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7163.
Texte intégralSports among young individuals are a fundamental aspect of their physical, mental, and social development. It provides the opportunity to engage in physical activities, cultivate motor skills, build friendships, and inquire values such as discipline, perseverance, and fair play. Moreover, sports contribute to promote a healthy and active lifestyle from an early age, which can have positive long-term implications for health. However, youth sports also come with their set of challenges, including competition pressure, early specialization, and issues related to selection and inclusion. Therefore, it is essential to understand the various aspects of youth sports, consider the individual needs and aspirations of young athletes, and promote a balanced approach that encourages both sports performance and the overall well-being of young individuals. This thesis work revolves around age factors that develop and maximize the potential of young athletes while considering their performance uniqueness in a same-age category. Initially, despite athletes being grouped by age categories to ensure greater fairness, performance differences persist in swimming and athletics for all age categories between 10 and 16 years, both in girls and boys. However, it is possible to rebalance the performances for a better evaluation in relation to the athlete's age category. Nevertheless, disparities don't only exist in terms of performance. When considering dropouts among young swimmers, they are more likely to be affected by dropouts than their relatively older counterparts. We also examine the influence of gender and performance on youth athlete dropout rates. Girls tend to exit sports programs earlier and more frequently than boys, with dropout rates rising as performance levels decline. Furthermore, we highlight the role of maturity status in evaluating youth swimmers' performance. Swimmers who participate in more events and demonstrate greater maturity tend to outperform their peers with lower performance levels. Lastly, we analyze conversion rates from junior to senior categories in swimming. Succeeding in competitive swimming during youth does not necessarily guarantee future success. A better consideration of these factors would help reduce the impacts on dropout and conversion rates, ultimately leading to a more accurate estimation of an individual's sports potential
Bhatti, Sajjad Haider. « Estimation of the mincerian wage model addressing its specification and different econometric issues ». Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780563.
Texte intégralLu, Nan. « La modélisation de l'indice CAC 40 avec le modèle basé agents ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0004/document.
Texte intégralWe develop an agent-based model to replicate two frequently observed anomalies in the financial markets: the fat tails and the clustered volatility of the distribution of the returns. Our goal is to show conclusively that these anomalies could be attributed to a mimetic formation of the expectations of the stakeholders in the markets. We did not follow the rencent developpments in the field of the ACE model in the finance, but we propose a very simple model which is estimated from the stylized facts of the French daily index CAC 40. The hypothesis of mimetic anticipations can thus be tested: it is not rejected in our modeling
Yapo, Kicho Denis. « Contribution à la modélisation des complexes fer-tannins ». Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/dbac2027-2999-467e-89d6-ac2cdf787526.
Texte intégralBoukrami, Othmane. « Les effets de la diversification sur le risque de change non couvert par les marchés financiers : estimation de la rentabilité du portefeuille dans un système d'informatio optimal ». Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30024.
Texte intégralIn current market conditions, companies in emerging markets have the choice between a short-term debt in local currency and a long-term hard currency financing from international sources to finance their long-term investments. This practice would create either an interest rate gap or a currency gap. As an extent of previous researches and studies covering the question of currency risks diversification in mature financial markets, this thesis is quite distinctive from the existing literature as it focuses on emerging market currencies for which there are little or no hedging options of currency and interest rate risks. The proposed model is based on a fundamentally different approach from existing risk models, seeking to mitigate risks internally through portfolio diversification, rather than by matching supply and demand. This, by analyzing both correlations between emerging market currencies in a portfolio composed of African, Asian, South American and Eastern Europe currencies and the effect of diversification on market risk reduction. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the specification and the identification of a risk diversification model while demonstrating that the establishment of a diversified portfolio of emerging market currencies not covered by the commercial banks is a lucrative business over the long-term. With an efficient information system, the proposed model attempts to demonstrate the effect that such hedging products would have on reducing the credit risk of borrowers and hence the lenders. To achieve this aim, the different risks associated with these activities have been identified while choosing the methods for their effective management as well as the modeling of hypothetical exposures created by this activity. The impact of reducing market risk exposure through the usage of interest rate and currency hedging products on the credit risk rating of companies in emerging countries has also been modeled. The current research claims that the choice of currencies does not significantly impact the results as long as the proposed regional limits are respected. The simulation’ results show that managing a diversified currency portfolio under an optimal risk management guidelines can be a lucrative business for banks as the risk mitigation can be effectively done through portfolio diversification
Devulder, Antoine. « Involuntary unemployment and financial frictions in estimated DSGE models ». Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E016/document.
Texte intégralThanks to their internal consistency. DSGE models, built on microecoc behavor, have become prevalenl for business cycle and policy analysis in institutions. The recent crisis and governments' concern about persistent unemployment advocate for mechanism, capturing imperfect adjustments in credit and labor markets. However, popular models such as the one of Smets and Wouters (2003-2007), although unsophisticated in their representation of these markets, are able to replicate the data as well as usual econometric tools. It is thus necessary to question the benefits of including these frictions in theoretical models for operational use.ln this thesis, I address this issue and show that microfounded mechanisms specifiç to labor and credit markets can significantly alter the conclusions based on the use of an estimated DSGE model, fom both a positive and a normative perspective.For this purpose, I build a two-country model of France and the rest of the euro area with exogenous rest of the world variables, and estimate it with and without these two frictions using Bayesian techniques. By contrast with existing models, I propose two improvements of the representation of labor markets. First, following Pissarides (2009), only wages in new jobs are negotiated by firms and workers, engendering stickiness in the average real wage. Second, I develop a set of assumptions to make labor market participation endogenous and unemployment involuntary in the sense that the unemployed workers are worse-off that the employed ones. Yet, including this setup in the estimated model is left for future research.Using the four estimated versions of the model, I undertake a number of analyses to highlight the role of financial and labor market frictions : an historical shock decomposition of fluctuations during the crisis, the evaluation of several monetary policy rules, a counterfactual simulation of the crisis under the assumption of a flexible exchange rate regime between France and the rest of the euro area and, lastly, the simulation of social VAT scenarios
Charron, Jacques-Olivier. « La relation entre estimation de la valeur fondamentale des sociétés cotées et évolution de leur cours : une contribution basée sur des études de cas ». Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646347.
Texte intégralDoisy, Anne. « Analyse de la migration et de la déformation cellulaires : application à l'étude du rôle de la protéine CD9/MRP1 dans le carcinome colorectal ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10229.
Texte intégralVu, Dinh Toan. « Unification du système de hauteur et estimation de la structure lithosphérique sous le Vietnam utilisant la modélisation du champ de gravité et du quasigéoïde à haute résolution ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30050.
Texte intégralThe goal of this work was twofold. The first part was devoted to the research of the size and physical shape of the Earth in Vietnam through the determination of a local gravimetric quasigeoid model. The second part was to better constrain the Earth's interior structure beneath Vietnam by determining the Moho and Lithosphere-Asthenosphere Boundary (LAB) depth models. For the first objective, a high-resolution gravimetric quasigeoid model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on new land gravity data in combination with fill-in data where no gravity data existed. The resulting quasigeoid model was evaluated using 812 GNSS/levelling points in the study region. This comparison indicates that the quasigeoid model has a standard deviation of 9.7 cm and 50 cm in mean bias. This new local quasigeoid model for Vietnam represents a significant improvement over the global models EIGEN-6C4 and EGM2008, which have standard deviations of 19.2 and 29.1 cm, respectively, when compared to the GNSS/levelling data. An essential societal and engineering application of the gravimetric quasigeoid is in GNSS levelling, and a vertical offset model for Vietnam and its surrounding areas was determined based on the GNSS/levelling points and gravimetric-only quasigeoid model for this purpose. The offset model was evaluated using cross-validation technique by comparing with GNSS/levelling data. Results indicate that the offset model has a standard deviation of 5.9 cm in the absolute sense. Thanks to this offset model, GNSS levelling can be carried out over most of Vietnam's territory complying to third-order levelling requirements, while the accuracy requirements for fourth-order levelling networks is met for the entire country. To unify the height system towards the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF), the zero-height geopotential value for the Vietnam Local Vertical Datum W_0^LVD was determined based on two approaches: 1) Using high-quality GNSS/levelling data and the estimated gravimetric quasigeoid model, 2) Using the Geodetic Boundary Value Problem (GBVP) approach based on the GOCE global gravity field model enhanced with terrestrial gravity data. This geopotential value can be used to connect the height system of Vietnam with the neighboring countries. Moreover, the GBVP approach was also used for direct determination of the gravity potential on the surface at three GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) stations at epoch 2018.0 in Vietnam. Based on time series of the vertical component derived from these GNSS observations as well as InSAR data, temporal variations in the geopotential were also estimated on these permanent GNSS stations. This enables monitoring of the vertical datum and detect possible deformation. These stations may thus contribute to increase the density of reference points in the IHRF for this region. For the second objective, the local quasigeoid model was first converted to the geoid. Then, high-resolution Moho and LAB depth models were determined beneath Vietnam based on the local isostatic hypothesis using the geoid height derived from the estimated geoid, elevation data and thermal analysis. From new land gravity data, a complete grid and map of gravity anomalies i.e., Free-air, Bouguer and Isostatic was determined for the whole of Vietnam. The Moho depth was also computed based on the gravity inversion using the Bouguer gravity anomaly grid. All new models are computed at 1' resolution. The resulting Moho and LAB depth models were evaluated using available seismic data as well as global and local lithospheric models available in the study region. [...]
La, Rota Camilo. « Analyse de l'activité électrique multi-sites auditif chez le cobaye ». Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE19001.
Texte intégralThe scientific problem that has motivated this study is the representation and processing of information in the neocortex. We are interested in particular in the hypothesis that states that information is coded on the neural populations' cooperative activities. This study is essential to find technological solutions to some medical problems, such as the development of neuroprosthesis. The existence of new multisite measuring techniques that allow the in vivo observation of the spatiotemporal activity of the cortex at high resolutions, give us the possibility to study the concept of "neural interaction" at mesoscopic scales and to study the mechanisms of senses and perception at the level of functional areas. We have studied in particular the electrical activity of the guinea pig's auditory cortex in response to stimuli using voltage-dependent dyes (optical imaging). We have studied some techniques for the processing and analysis of the spatiotemporal information represented by this data. By means of a descriptive analysis we have characterized the signals, their variability and the measuring errors. A theoretical study complemented this description, and allowed us to interpret our data in function of the underlying neural activity. Optical signals are difficult to process with traditional signal processing techniques, we have used wavelet-based techniques to estimate and characterize the neural activity components of the signal. Finally, we have evaluated some approaches to the spatiotemporal modeling of the cortical activity, and we have studied the pertinence of these models to describe our data. Some perspectives on this problem and on the design of future experiences are given
Al, Wakil Anmar. « Modélisation de la Volatilité Implicite, Primes de Risque d’Assurance, et Stratégies d’Arbitrage de Volatilité ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED047/document.
Texte intégralVolatility strategies have flourished since the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. Nevertheless, the recent catastrophic performance of such exchange-traded products has put into question their contributions for portfolio hedging and diversification. My thesis work aims to rethink and reinvent the philosophy of volatility strategies.From a preliminary empirical study based on the expected utility theory, Chapter 1 makes a diagnostic of traditional volatility strategies, based on buy-and-hold investments and passive replication of implied volatility. It exhibits that, although such portfolio hedging significantly outperforms traditional hedging, it appears strongly inappropriate for risk-loving investors.Chapter 2 paves the way for a new generation of volatility strategies, active, option-based and factor-based investing. Indeed, our both analytical and empirical decomposition of implied volatility smiles into a combination of implied risk premia, distinct and tradeable, enables to harvest actively the compensation for bearing higher-order risks. These insurance risk premia measure the pricing discrepanciesbetween the risk-neutral and the physical probability distributions.Finally, Chapter 3 compares our factor-based investing approach to the strategies usually employed in the hedge fund universe. Our essay clearly evidences that our tail risk premia strategies are incremental determinants in the hedge fund performance, in both the time-series and the cross-section of returns. Hence, we exhibit to what extent hedge fund alpha actually arises from selling crash insurance strategies against tail risks
Kabui, Ali. « Value at risk et expected shortfall pour des données faiblement dépendantes : estimations non-paramétriques et théorèmes de convergences ». Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743159.
Texte intégralMo, Zhexun. « A Few Essays on the Political Economy of Inequalities in Africa and China ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0057.
Texte intégralThis Ph.D. dissertation speaks to my general research interests at the intersections of development economics, political economy and economic history. Specifically, my research agenda centers around two main axes. On the one hand, by digitizing large-scale historical datasets, I explore the long-term vicissitudes of inequalities in multi-dimensional forms in both Africa and East Asia, in particular their historical determinants (via the advent and end of colonialism, the rise and fall of different political regimes, etc) and their long-run interactions with contemporary development and growth outcomes. On the other hand, I zoom in from a more micro perspective, by designing cross-country survey experiments, in order to understand how people subjectively perceive inequalities and form preferences for redistribution, especially in developing countries where the strong presence of traditional institutions and unique growth trajectories could have shaped citizens to view inequality and development in alternative manners and the insights from which could also inform policy-making for more sustainable development in the longer run. In this Ph.D. thesis, I attempt to answer these questions centering around the aforementioned research dimensions in four chapters, traversing the territories of West Africa and East Asia. In the first chapter, I examine the historical determinants over the design of French colonial institutions in West Africa. In particular, I zoom in on one of the most draconian forced labor episodes embedded in the conscription system at the time, specifically in colonial Mali where military reservists were exploited for public works and railway construction, and estimate the long-term developmental repercussions of colonial forced labor by hand-collecting an enormous historical dataset on colonial soldiers in Mali together with my colleagues researching on development in contemporary Mali. In my second and third chapters, I depart away from colonialism in West Africa, and dive into investigating inequality perceptions and the formation of redistributive preferences in contemporary China. Via two consecutive survey experiments with my co-authors, we find that Chinese citizens’ attitudes towards inequalities and preferences for redistribution differ significantly from the western ideals,and we attempt to rationalize this unique set of preferences with China’s transitional economic experience and low political agency of the population. In my final chapter, I go back into the history of China in the 20th century, and together with my co-authors, we estimate the long-run evolution of Chinese national wealth accumulation from the founding of the Republic of China (1911) till 2020. We find very striking patterns with regards to the dynamics of wealth accumulation of a country having undergone drastic political and development trajectories over the past century, which paves the way for more dialogues on understanding the intricate relationship between inequality and growth in China and the developing world at large in the future
Faye, Papa Latyr. « Le potentiel d'offres de vols à bas prix au Québec ». Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9413/1/eprint9413.pdf.
Texte intégralCastaings, William. « Analyse de sensibilité et estimation de paramètres pour la modélisation hydrologique : potentiel et limitations des méthodes variationnelles ». Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264807.
Texte intégralNadeau, Simon. « Estimation de la ressource granulaire et du potentiel aquifère des eskers de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue et du sud de la Baie-James (Québec) ». Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4020/1/M12079.pdf.
Texte intégralDoan, Thi Lien Huong. « L'estimation du coût du capital dans les marchés émergents : une application au secteur alimentaire du Vietnam ». Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2994/1/M9422.pdf.
Texte intégralBruneau, Gabriel. « Trois essais en macroéconomie ». Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13582.
Texte intégralEconomic fluctuations represent the movements of economic growth. It may experience acceleration phases (expansion) or deceleration (recession), and even depression if the decline in production is persistent. Economic fluctuations are related to differences between actual growth and potential growth. They can be explained by supply and demand shocks, as well as by the credit cycle. In the first case, the conditions of production are modified. This is the case when the price of production factors (wages, raw materials prices) or external factors influencing the price of products (exchange rate) evolve. Thus, an increase in the price of production factors causes a negative shock and slows growth. This slowdown may also be due to a negative demand shock caused by an increase in product prices caused by a currency appreciation, causing a decrease in exports. The second case concerns the financial variables and financial assets. Thus, in a period of expansion, economic agents borrow more and have speculative behaviors in response to anticipated supply and demand shocks. The value of securities and financial assets increases, causing a bubble that eventually burst, causing a collapse in the value of assets. Therefore, economic activity cannot be funded. This is what generates a recession, sometimes profound, as in the recent financial crisis. This thesis includes three essays on macroeconomic fluctuations and economic cycles, specifically on the topics described above. The first chapter deals with expectations about monetary policy and on the reaction of econonomic agents on these expectations. A particular emphasis is placed on the consumption of durable goods and indebtedness related to this type of consumption. The second chapter discusses the influence of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on labour demand in the Canadian manufacturing sector. Finally, the third chapter focuses on spillover, sometimes negative, of the real estate market on household consumption and the impact on property prices and household debt of demand expectations in the property market. The first chapter, entitled ``Monetary Policy News Shocks and Durable Consumption'', provides insight on the link between durable goods spending and monetary policy news shocks. We propose and implement a new approach to identifying news shocks about future monetary policy. News shocks are identified recursively from the residuals of a monetary policy rule estimated using U.S. multi-horizon survey data. We then use those inferred news shocks in a structural VAR (SVAR). An expected monetary policy tightening leads to an increase in output, non-durable and durable goods consumption, and real price of durable goods. Although news shocks account for a significant fraction of output and consumption fluctuations, they contribute less than surprise shocks to economic fluctuations. We then carry out theoretical analysis using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with durable goods and nominal rigidities. Results indicate that a model with sticky durable goods price can reproduce the positive correlation between the response functions of durable and non-durable goods consumption to policy news shocks that was found from the SVAR. The second chapter is entitled ``Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Labour Market Adjustments in Canadian Manufacturing Industries''. In this chapter, we estimate the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on hours worked and jobs in Canadian manufacturing industries. The analysis is based on a dynamic model of labour demand and the econometric strategy employs a panel two-step approach for cointegrating regressions. Our data is drawn from a panel of 20 manufacturing industries, from Statistics Canada's KLEMS database, and covers a long sample period that includes two full exchange rate appreciation and depreciation cycles. We find that exchange rate fluctuations have economically and statistically significant effects on the labour decisions of Canadian manufacturing employers, and that these effects are stronger for trade-oriented industries. Finally, the last chapter, entitled ``Housing Market Dynamics and Macroprudential Policy'', studies the statistical evidence suggesting a collateral link between the housing market and the rest of the economy and if the link is more demand- or supply-driven. We also followed the \textit{news shocks} literature and look if a housing-market boom-bust can arise endogenously following unrealized expectations of a rise in housing demand. To this end, we construct a New Keynesian model in which a fraction of households borrow against the value of their houses. We estimate the model with Canadian data using Bayesian methods. We assessed the model's ability to capture key features of consumption and house price data. Finally, we performed an analysis to determine how well the introduction of a countercyclical loan-to-value (LTV) ratio can reduced household indebtedness and housing price fluctuations compare to a monetary policy rule augmented with house price inflation. We find statistical evidence suggesting an important collateral link between the housing market and the rest of the economy, and this link is mainly driven by demand factors. We also find that the introduction of news shocks can generate a housing market boom-bust cycle, the bust following unrealized expectations on housing demand. Finally, our study also suggests that a countercyclical loan-to-value ratio is a useful policy to reduce the spillover from housing market to consumption via the collateral value.