Thèses sur le sujet « Estimativa universal »
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Costa, Tássia Alves. « Estimativa da umidade do solo na região semiárida do Brasil pelo método do triângulo universal ». Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/08.03.10.42.
Texte intégralSoil moisture is a key variable of several processes in the earth system, with emphasis on water, energy and nutrient cycles in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Direct and indirect methods have been developed to estimate its spatial and temporal variability, in situ or via remote sensing products. In the context of remote sensors, one of the first alternative proposed for estimation of surface soil moisture was the so-called 'method of the universal triangle'. This method presumes the existence of a relationship between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the surface soil moisture. While most of the remote sensors used in estimating soil moisture work on scales of kilometers, the triangle method, in principle, allows working on the desired scale (that is, the same as the NDVI and LST data). The requirement, however, is to select an area with the widest possible range of NDVI and LST values. In the present work, it were used MODIS data, MOD13A2 (NDVI) and MOD11A2 (LST), with a spatial resolution of 1 km, to test the ability of the method to estimate the surface soil moisture (Mo) in a MODIS scene, in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The results were validated in comparison with in situ soil moisture data obtained from two different research sites, São João and Serra Talhada, representing, respectively, the Caatinga ecoregions known as the Borborema Plateau and Southern Sertaneja Depression. Two alternatives were tested for the development of the relationship between Mo, NDVI, and LST: a simple geometric solution and a third-degree polynomial. The comparison with in situ data resulted in correlation coefficients (R$^{2}$) of 0.18 and 0.78, respectively, for both solutions. The polynomial equation was validated in two ways: through the conventional validation process, where part of the data is used to build the equation, and the remainder to verify it; and by cross-validation procedure. The R$^{2}$ values obtained in both processes were, respectively, 0.78 and 0.91. The high correlation coefficient achieved with the cross-validation process indicates the existence of a strong dependence on the surface soil moisture about the NDVI and LST parameters, as recommended by the method applied. Thus, the polynomial solution was used to spatialize the surface soil moisture estimated within the MODIS scene, for two different periods: dry and rainy seasons. For the dry period, soil moisture ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 cm$^{3}$ cm$^{-3}$ throughout the scene. For the rainy season, the variation obtained was 0.3 to 0.5 cm$^{3}$ cm$^{-3}$. Based on these results, we consider that the triangle method presents a potential for surface soil moisture estimates for the Brazilian semi-arid region.
Coutinho, Francisco Edson Gama. « Universal moduli of continuity for solutions to fully nonlinear elliptic equations ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11427.
Texte intégralIn this paper we provide a universal solution for continuity module in the direction of the viscosity of fully nonlinear elliptic equations considering properties of the function f integrable in different situations. Established inner estimate for the solutions of these equations based on some conditions the norm of the function f. To obtain regularity in solutions of these inhomogeneous equations and coefficients of variables we use a method of compactness, which consists essentially of approximating solutions of inhomogeneous equations for a solution of a homogeneous equation in order to "inherit" the regularity that those equations possess.
Neste trabalho fornecemos mÃdulo de continuidade universal para soluÃÃes, no sentido da viscosidade,de equaÃÃes elÃpticas totalmente nÃo lineares, considerando propriedades de integrabilidade da funÃÃo f em diferentes situaÃÃes. Estabelecemos estimativa interior para as soluÃÃes dessas equaÃÃes baseadas em algumas condiÃÃes da norma da funÃÃo f. Para se obter regularidade nas soluÃÃes dessas equacÃes nÃo homogÃneas e de coeficientes variÃveis usamos um mÃtodo de compacidade, o qual consiste, essencialmente, em aproximar soluÃÃes de equaÃÃes nÃo homogÃneas por uma soluÃÃo de uma equaÃÃo homogÃnea com o objetivo de âherdarâ a regularidade que essas equaÃÃes possuem.
Gomez, Javier Dario Pulido. « Estimativa de erosão pela Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE) e transferência de sedimentos para todo território Brasileiro ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-25102012-150933/.
Texte intégralThis work is an attempt to validate a methodology for estimating sediment production for the whole Brazilian territory. Tools were used geographic information systems (GIS), spatial statistics, modeling and database management applied to soil conservation, allowing combine the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with different models of sediment transfer rate (SDR). The methodology used as test data of Brazilian sedimentometric network composed of 201 basins. The estimates were analysed by multiple linear regression getting values of R2 to 46% between observed and modelled data. Noted the low sensitivity of USLE model in relation to the erosivity factor (R factor) when two observations by different methods differ in their maximum values and spatial distribution of 18000 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.year-1 and 28000 MJ.mm.ha-1.h-1.year-1. the other aspects the model proved to be sensitive to soil coverage factor (factor C of USLE) affecting the estimated maximum rates of erosion between 160 Mg.ha-1.year-1 up to 460 Mg.ha-1.year-1.
Cassuli, Danieli Cristina. « Estimativa de perda de solo na Bacia do Rio Pinto, em São Miguel do Iguaçu - PR ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1678.
Texte intégralFundação Araucária
El trabajo tiene por objetivo estimar la perdida del suelo por lá erosión laminar de lá cuenca hidrografica del aroyo Pinto ubicada en la mesorregión oeste del departamento Paraná. Lá predicción fue realizada por lo medio de lá aplicación de la equación universal de perdidas del Suelo - USLE. De informaciones obtidas en campo y gabinete fue posible determinar los índices de las variables que compõen el citado modelo matemático. Lá integraçión de los datos y lá estimacion de los datos de perdidas de suelo anual fueran desarolladas en el Sistema de Informaciones Geográficas (SIG) QGIS, con la ayuda de técnicas de geoprocessamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demostran, que prevalece en la area del estudo, perdida de Suelo inferiores a 25 t/ha/ano. En reneral las condiciones estan conectadas a las areas de Latosol y Nitosol, en locales donde el factor topográfico es menor que 3 y el suelo és utilizado para lá Agricultura con la adopción de prácticas conservacionistas como lá siembra directa y siembra en contorno. Los locales en la cuenca que apresentan valores altos de perdidas de suelo anuais hasta de 7.107 t/ha/ano, estan associadas a las areas con alto fotor LS (Hasta 14), dispondo de suelos tipo cambisol y nitosol con ocupaciones de pasturas y extraciones de basalto, que no apresentan práticas conservacionistas de forma efetiva
Este trabalho visa estimar as perdas de solo por erosão laminar na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pinto, localizada na mesorregião oeste do estado do Paraná. O principal objetivo é contribuir para o levantamento de dados sobre a perda de solo e identificar a relação com as características fisiográficas a fim de subsidiar a conservação dos solos sob uso agrícola. A predição foi executada por meio da aplicação da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solo USLE. A partir de informações obtidas em campo e gabinete, foi possível determinar os índices das variáveis que compõem o citado modelo matemático. A integração dos dados levantados e a estimativa de perdas de solo anual foram desenvolvidas no Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) QGIS, com o auxílio de técnicas de geoprocessamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as perdas de solo predominantes na bacia do rio Pinto são inferiores à 25 t/ha/ano. Em geral, esta condição está relacionada às áreas de Latossolos e Nitossolos, em locais onde o fator topográfico é menor que 3 e o solo é utilizado para agricultura com adoção de práticas conservacionistas como o plantio direto e plantio em contorno. Na bacia, os locais que apresentaram valores elevados de perda de solo anuais, até 7.107 t/ha/ano, estão associados às áreas com elevado índice de fator LS (até 14), dominadas pelos Cambissolos e Neossolos Litólicos e Regolíticos, ocupadas com pastagem e extração de basalto, as quais não apresentam práticas conservacionistas eficazes
Basso, Bruna Tauana. « Estimativa de erosão utilizando a Equação Universal de Perdas de Solos (EUPS) : o caso do alto curso do rio Chopim ». Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/4041.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The erosive process ocurrs naturally, however it is being accelerated by anthropic action causing changes in the natural characteristics of soil, reduction of crop productivity, rivers silting and several environmental problems. The implementation of sustainable studies models in watershed, aims preservation, utilization and dinamic of the environment, having an important role as environmental resources management tool. This study aims to establish estimation of soil loss to upper course of Chopim River watershed through aplication of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), applying Qgis 3.0 software. The study area is located in the south of Paraná State. Were considered pluviosity rainfall data from 1985 to 2015 to calculate annual average erosivity and was obtained a variation from 9752 Mj/ha.mm/year to 8180Mj/ha.mm/year, constituting an moderate to strong erosivity. The present soils in the study area have an average erosivity of 0,02030, 0,02092, 0,02410 and 0,02681 Mg.ha.h.ha-1.MJ-1.mm-1 for Nitosol, Latosol, Cambisol, Neosol, respectively. The declivity degree associated with ramp length results in topographic factor, which indicated the study area with flat and smooth wavy relief. The factors of use, management and conservation practices of soil, were estimated according to soil use classification and literature review, alternating from 0 to 0,143. The types of use soil classes were differentiated by Pine, Forest, Open Fields, Conventional Cultivation and Exposed Soil, Urban Area. The annual average soil loss was estimated in 39,36 ton/ha.year what can be considered as moderated soil loss. In the maps analysis were not possible to identificate only one factor that individualizes as soil losses. However, was observed that the association of the erosivity factor and the topographic factor, indicates the high values of soil loss. Nevertheless, the soil loss estimation map in the upper course of the watershed of Chopim River provides enough data to the analysis and environmental planning of study area.
O processo erosivo ocorre de maneira natural, porém pode ser acelerado pela ação antrópica ocasionando mudanças nas características naturais do solo, redução da produtividade de culturas, degradação dos solos, assoreamento de rios e diversos problemas ambientais. A implementação de estudos de modelos sustentáveis em bacias hidrográficas visando a preservação, utilização e dinâmica do meio ambiente possui um papel importante como ferramenta de gestão dos recursos ambientais. Este estudo visou estabelecer estimativas de perda de solo para o setor do Alto Curso da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Chopim por meio da aplicação da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS), com o auxílio do software QGis 3.0. A área de estudo localiza-se no Sul do estado do Paraná, abrange grande parte do município de Palmas. A erosividade anual média, considerando os dados pluviométricos de 1985 a 2015, teve uma variação de 9752 MJ/ha.mm/ano a 8180 MJ/ha.mm/ano, constituindo uma erosividade moderada a forte. Os solos presentes na área de estudo possuem uma erodibilidade média tendo valores mínimos de 0,02030, 0,02092, 0,02410 e 0,02681 Mg.ha.h.ha-1.MJ-1.mm-1 para o Nitossolo, Latossolo, Cambissolo e Neossolo respectivamente. O grau de declividade associado ao comprimento de rampa resulta no fator topográfico o que indicou a área de estudo com um relevo plano e suave ondulado. Os fatores de uso e manejo do solo e práticas conservacionistas foram valorados de acordo com a classificação do uso do solo e a revisão da literatura, e alternaram de 0 a 0,143. As classes dos tipos de uso de solos se diferenciaram por Pinus, Floresta, Campo Limpos, Cultivo convencional e solo exposto, área urbana. A perda de solo média anual foi estimada em 39,36 ton/ha.ano o que pode ser considerada como perda de solo moderada. Na análise dos mapas não foi possível identificar apenas um fator que individualize as perdas de solos. A associação da erosividade com o fator topográfico indicam os valores elevados de perda de solo, sendo os elementos principais que estariam influenciando na perda de solo na área. Ainda assim, o mapa de estimativa de perdas de solo do Alto Curso da Bacia hidrográfica do Rio Chopim fornece dados suficientes para a análise e planejamento ambiental da área de estudo.
Filho, NarcÃlio Silva de Oliveira. « Regularidade para equaÃÃes quase lineares em conjuntos singulares degenerados ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14681.
Texte intégralCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
We will study a new universal gradient continuity estimate for solutions to quasi-linear equations with varying coefficients at singular set of degeneracy: S(u) := {X : Du(X) = 0}. Ourmain theorem reveals that along S(u), u is asymptotic as regular as solutions to constant coefficient equations. In particular, along the critical set S(u),u enjoys a modulus of continuity much superior than the possibly low, continuity feature of the coefficients. The results are new even in the context of linear elliptic equations, where it is herein shown that H^1- weak solutions to div (a(X,Du))= 0 with aij elliptic and dinicontinuous are actually C ^{1,1^{-}} along S(u). The results and insights of this work foster a new understanding os smoothness properties of solutions to degenerate or singular equations, beyond typical elliptic regularity estimates, precisely where the diffusion attributes of the equation collapse.
Neste trabalho estudaremos uma nova estimativa universal para a continuidade do gradiente de soluÃÃes para equaÃÃes quase lineares com coeficientes variÃveis em conjuntos singulares degenerados que serÃo denotados por S(u) := {X : Du(X) = 0} . O resultado principal deste trabalho revela que ao longo de S(u), u à assintoticamente tÃo regular quanto as soluÃÃes das equaÃÃes com coeficientes constantes. Em particular, ao longo do conjunto S(u), Du tem um mÃdulo de continuidade superior a baixa caracterÃstica de continuidade de seus coeficientes. Os resultados sÃo novos e mesmo no contexto de equaÃÃes diferenciais lineares onde se mostra que soluÃÃes H^1- fracas da equaÃÃo div(a(X, Du)) = 0 com os aij elÃpicos e Dini-ContÃnuos sÃo realmente C ^{1,1^{-}} ao longo de S(u). Os resultados e as perspectivas deste trabalho promovem um novo entendimento sobre as propriedades suavidade de soluÃÃes para equaÃÃes singulares, ou degeneradas, alÃm de estimativas tÃpicas sobre regularidade elÃpticas, precisamente onde temos os atributos de difusÃo do equaÃÃo do colapso.
Nunes, Sheila Elke Araújo. « Estimativa dos custos da doença pneumocócica e estudo de custo-efetividade da introdução universal da vacina anti-pneumocócica 10 valente no Brasil ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7547.
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Introduction: Estimate the costs of treatment of pneumococcal diseases can aid the understanding of reduced economic burden of these after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), as run in Brazil, in March 2010, which introduced the PCV10 valiant in the National Program Immunization (NPI) for children between 2 and 23 months of age. Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) before the introduction indicated that the vaccine was cost-effective (R $ 24.930 / Daly avoided - Disability Adjusted Life Years), in the SUS perspective. Disease burden and the cost of the vaccine were identified as the main drivers of the results for sensitivity analysis. Objectives: Estimate the costs of pneumococcal disease and to evaluate the ratio of incremental cost-effectiveness (ICER) of implementing the PCV-10 brave after introduction into INP Brazil. Methods: Three steps have been performed in the SUS perspective: 1) cost of illness study: medical charts of children 28 days to 35 months of age hospitalized with clinical suspicion of bacterial pneumonia were reviewed to estimate the costs of pneumonia and to other syndromes costs were estimated by therapeutic guidelines; 2) comparison between the three methods of funding: (i) bottom-up / micro-costing by chart review; (ii) top-down / micro-costing through therapeutic guidelines; and (iii) top-down / gross-costing, through reimbursement paid by the SUS. 3) CEA: the strategy to vaccinate with PCV-10 was compared to the non-vaccination. The model used was the PneuModel. In acute otitis media from all causes, pneumococcal meningitis, pneumococcal sepsis and pneumococcal pneumonia were considered. Costs were obtained by microcusteio, epidemiological data from primary studies of population-based, dose costs and vaccination coverage in INP. The discount rate was 5%. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness and variability of the model parameters. Results: The cost of study of hospitalized pneumonia records of 52 cases of severe pneumonia and 7 of very serious pneumonia were reviewed. Statistical analyzes of severe pneumonia data revealed that there is difference between the costing methodologies (p=0,015) and to compare the estimated costs by these methods there was no difference between the cost of compensation and the cost for therapeutic guideline (p=0,241). At ACE, annually, vaccination with PCV-10 would prevent 3,942 cases of the disease and 16,514 years of life lost in a cohort of children <1 year. The ICER was R $ 14,230 per DALY averted. In sensitivity analysis, the model was sensitive to variations in incidence and mortality of pneumonia and pneumococcal meningitis. Conclusions: The cost for therapy guideline, uncommonly used in disease cost estimates, was an alternative to funding for compensation, heavily used technique and lower accuracy. After introduction of ICER, using primary data revealed that PCV-10 is a low-cost intervention, as suggested by WHO (<1GDP / per capita - in Brazil, in 2010, US $ 10.933) and, ICER less than previous ACE. Despite uncertainties in critical parameters of the model, using secondary data, ACE can provide evidence to support decision making. After the implementation analysis can result in more accurate estimates and provide evidence to continue vaccination.
Introdução: Estimar os custos do tratamento das doenças pneumocócicas podem auxiliar no conhecimento da redução da carga econômica destas após introdução da vacina anti-pneumocócica conjugada (VPC), como corrido no Brasil, em março de 2010, que introduziu a VPC-10 valente no Programa Nacional de Imunização (PNI), para crianças entre 2 e 23 meses de idade. Análise de custo-efetividade (ACE) antes da introdução indicou que a vacina era custo-efetiva (R$ 24,930/Daly evitado – do inglês, Disability Adjusted Life Years), na perspectiva do SUS. Carga da doença e os custos da vacina foram identificados como os principais direcionadores do resultado para análise de sensibilidade. Objetivos: Estimar os custos da doença pneumocócica e avaliar a razão de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) da implementação da VPC-10 valente após introdução no PNI do Brasil. Métodos: Três etapas foram executadas, aplicadas a perspectiva do SUS: 1º) estudo de custo de doenças: prontuários de crianças com 28 dias a 35 meses de idade internadas por suspeita clínica de pneumonia bacteriana foram revisados para estimar os custos da pneumonia e para demais síndromes os custos foram estimados por diretrizes terapêuticas; 2º) comparação entre as três metodologias de custeio: (i) bottom-up/micro-costing através da revisão de prontuários; (ii) top-down/micro-costing através de diretriz terapêutica; e (iii) top-down/gross-costing através de ressarcimento pago pelo SUS. 3º) ACE: a estratégia de vacinar com a VPC-10 foi comparada com a não vacinação. O modelo empregado foi o PneuModel. Neste, otite média aguda por todas as causas, meningite pneumocócica, sepse pneumocócica e pneumonia pneumocócica foram consideradas. Os custos foram obtidos por microcusteio, dados epidemiológicos a partir de estudos primários de base populacional, custos da dose e de cobertura vacinal no PNI. A taxa de desconto aplicada foi de 5%. Análise de sensibilidade foi conduzida para testar a robustez e variabilidade de parâmetros do modelo. Resultados: No estudo de custo da pneumonia hospitalizada prontuários de 52 casos de pneumonias graves e 7 de pneumonias muito graves foram revisados. Análises estatísticas dos dados de pneumonias graves revelaram que há diferença entre as metodologias de custeio (p=0,015) e ao comparar os custos estimados por estas metodologias não houve diferença entre o custeio por ressarcimento e o custeio por diretriz terapêutica (p=0,241). Na ACE, anualmente, a vacinação com VPC-10 evitaria 3.942 casos da doença e 16.514 anos de vida perdidos em uma coorte de crianças <1 ano. A RCEI foi de R$ 14.230 por DALY evitado. Na análise de sensibilidade, o modelo foi sensível às variações de incidência e letalidade de pneumonia e meningite pneumocócica. Conclusões: O custeio por diretriz terapêutica, pouco empregado nas estimativas de custo de doença, se mostrou uma alternativa ao custeio por ressarcimento, técnica muito utilizada e de menor acurácia. A RCEI pós introdução, com dados primários, revelou que a VPC-10 é uma intervenção de baixo custo, como sugerido pela OMS (<1PIB/per capita – no Brasil, em 2010, R$ 10,933) e, com menor RCEI que ACE anterior. Mesmo com incertezas em parâmetros críticos do modelo, usando dados secundários, ACE podem fornecer evidências para apoiar tomadas de decisões. Analise pós-introdução pode resultar em estimativas mais precisas e fornecer evidências para continuar a vacinação.
Oliveira, Filho Narcélio Silva de. « Regularidade para equações quase lineares em conjuntos singulares degenerados ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/12999.
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We will study a new universal gradient continuity estimate for solutions to quasi-linear equations with varying coefficients at singular set of degeneracy: S(u) := {X : Du(X) = 0}. Ourmain theorem reveals that along S(u), u is asymptotic as regular as solutions to constant coefficient equations. In particular, along the critical set S(u),u enjoys a modulus of continuity much superior than the possibly low, continuity feature of the coefficients. The results are new even in the context of linear elliptic equations, where it is herein shown that H^1- weak solutions to div (a(X,Du))= 0 with aij elliptic and dinicontinuous are actually C ^{1,1^{-}} along S(u). The results and insights of this work foster a new understanding os smoothness properties of solutions to degenerate or singular equations, beyond typical elliptic regularity estimates, precisely where the diffusion attributes of the equation collapse.
Neste trabalho estudaremos uma nova estimativa universal para a continuidade do gradiente de soluções para equações quase lineares com coeficientes variáveis em conjuntos singulares degenerados que serão denotados por S(u) := {X : Du(X) = 0} . O resultado principal deste trabalho revela que ao longo de S(u), u é assintoticamente tão regular quanto as soluções das equações com coeficientes constantes. Em particular, ao longo do conjunto S(u), Du tem um módulo de continuidade superior a baixa característica de continuidade de seus coeficientes. Os resultados são novos e mesmo no contexto de equações diferenciais lineares onde se mostra que soluções H^1- fracas da equação div(a(X, Du)) = 0 com os aij elípicos e Dini-Contínuos são realmente C ^{1,1^{-}} ao longo de S(u). Os resultados e as perspectivas deste trabalho promovem um novo entendimento sobre as propriedades suavidade de soluções para equações singulares, ou degeneradas, além de estimativas típicas sobre regularidade elípticas, precisamente onde temos os atributos de difusão do equação do colapso.
Veniziani, Junior José Carlos Toledo. « Utilização de índices de vegetação para estimativa da proteção do solo pela cobertura vegetal : uma contribuição para o uso da equação universal das perdas de solo / ». Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86522.
Texte intégralBanca: Sergio dos Anjos Ferreira Pinto
Banca: Diana Sarita Hamburger
Resumo: O processo de erosão acelerada se apresenta como um dos maiores problemas ambientais da atualidade, influenciando a produção agrícola, devido às conseqüências no empobrecimento do solo e no abastecimento de água, diminuindo a sua disponibilidade em reservatórios. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para avaliação da ambiental das variáveis relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de processos erosivos além da verificação da adequação do uso e ocupação do solo as necessidades especiais da área, tendo como estudo de caso a Bacia do Córrego Santo Antonio, situada no município de Jaú-SP. Propomos como indicador quantitativo da cobertura vegetal, os índices de vegetação (IV) obtidos por meio de imagens de satélite. Na avaliação da suscetibilidade à erosão nos amparamos no modelo da EUPS o qual foi desenvolvido para obtenção de uma classificação das terras da bacia em classes de risco de erosão além da obtenção classes de capacidade de uso relativas a cada unidade pedológica. O estudo relativo a analise da viabilidade da utilização do IV, foi embasado na amostragem de campo a partir da qual se obteve os valores médios de percentual de interceptação das gotas de chuva para determinados tipos de cultivo na região. Avaliamos ser possível o emprego do índice de vegetação em estudos referentes à proteção do solo e acreditamos serem as classes de risco á erosão um importante indicador das necessidades de planejamento ambiental. Verificamos uma mudança no uso do solo da área do ano 2000 para ao ano 2003, o que provocou grandes alterações nos resultados da adequação do uso do solo na bacia do córrego Santo Antonio.
Abstract: The soil loss process arises as one of the major environmental problems nowadays, influencing the agricultural production, due to its consequences on the soil decay and on the water supply, decreasing its availability in the reservoirs. This work presents a proposal for the assessment of the environmental aspect of the variables concerning the development of the soil loss processes besides the verification of the adequacy of the use and occupation of the land regarding the special necessities of the area, portraying as study of case the Santo Antonio watershed, located in the town of Jaú, São Paulo. We propose as the quantitative indicator of the vegetation covering, the vegetation indexes ( VI) obtained through satellite images. On the assessment of the soil loss susceptibility we looked for support on the USLE, which was developed to obtain a classification of the watershed lands in classes of soil loss risk, besides obtaining classes on the capability of use regarding each pedologic unit. The study about the analysis of the viability of the use of the vegetation index was based in the field samples, from which were achieved the average percentage values of rain drops interception for determined kinds of agricultural growing in the region. We assessed that it is possible to proceed the use of the vegetation index in studies concerning the soil protection, and we believe that the classes of risk regarding soil loss are an important indicator towards the necessities of environmental planning. It was verified a certain change on the land use in the area from the year 2000 until the year 2003, what brought huge alterations on the outcome of the land use adequacy in the Santo Antonio watershed.
Mestre
Veniziani, Junior José Carlos Toledo [UNESP]. « Utilização de índices de vegetação para estimativa da proteção do solo pela cobertura vegetal : uma contribuição para o uso da equação universal das perdas de solo ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86522.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O processo de erosão acelerada se apresenta como um dos maiores problemas ambientais da atualidade, influenciando a produção agrícola, devido às conseqüências no empobrecimento do solo e no abastecimento de água, diminuindo a sua disponibilidade em reservatórios. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para avaliação da ambiental das variáveis relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de processos erosivos além da verificação da adequação do uso e ocupação do solo as necessidades especiais da área, tendo como estudo de caso a Bacia do Córrego Santo Antonio, situada no município de Jaú-SP. Propomos como indicador quantitativo da cobertura vegetal, os índices de vegetação (IV) obtidos por meio de imagens de satélite. Na avaliação da suscetibilidade à erosão nos amparamos no modelo da EUPS o qual foi desenvolvido para obtenção de uma classificação das terras da bacia em classes de risco de erosão além da obtenção classes de capacidade de uso relativas a cada unidade pedológica. O estudo relativo a analise da viabilidade da utilização do IV, foi embasado na amostragem de campo a partir da qual se obteve os valores médios de percentual de interceptação das gotas de chuva para determinados tipos de cultivo na região. Avaliamos ser possível o emprego do índice de vegetação em estudos referentes à proteção do solo e acreditamos serem as classes de risco á erosão um importante indicador das necessidades de planejamento ambiental. Verificamos uma mudança no uso do solo da área do ano 2000 para ao ano 2003, o que provocou grandes alterações nos resultados da adequação do uso do solo na bacia do córrego Santo Antonio.
The soil loss process arises as one of the major environmental problems nowadays, influencing the agricultural production, due to its consequences on the soil decay and on the water supply, decreasing its availability in the reservoirs. This work presents a proposal for the assessment of the environmental aspect of the variables concerning the development of the soil loss processes besides the verification of the adequacy of the use and occupation of the land regarding the special necessities of the area, portraying as study of case the Santo Antonio watershed, located in the town of Jaú, São Paulo. We propose as the quantitative indicator of the vegetation covering, the vegetation indexes ( VI) obtained through satellite images. On the assessment of the soil loss susceptibility we looked for support on the USLE, which was developed to obtain a classification of the watershed lands in classes of soil loss risk, besides obtaining classes on the capability of use regarding each pedologic unit. The study about the analysis of the viability of the use of the vegetation index was based in the field samples, from which were achieved the average percentage values of rain drops interception for determined kinds of agricultural growing in the region. We assessed that it is possible to proceed the use of the vegetation index in studies concerning the soil protection, and we believe that the classes of risk regarding soil loss are an important indicator towards the necessities of environmental planning. It was verified a certain change on the land use in the area from the year 2000 until the year 2003, what brought huge alterations on the outcome of the land use adequacy in the Santo Antonio watershed.
AYER, Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes. « Estimativa da erosão hídrica na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Pedra Branca, município de Alfenas - MG, a partir da Equação Universal de Perdas de Solos Revisada ». Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2014. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/545.
Texte intégralThe Latosoil (oxisols) class is the most used on agriculture on South of Minas Gerais. Its weathering features, the physical and chemical properties and its mineralogical composition provide high stability to these soils. Such peculiarities contribute to decrease the erosive action of the rainfall, resulting in deep soils and well structured. However, in the last 100 years, cultives and managements have submitted these soils to practices that expose them to the hydric erosion. This occurrence degrades their attributes and favors the erosion increase, promoting the water bodies’ silting on the region. To estimate the water erosion in the watershed Córrego Pedra Branca, we applied the revised universal soil loss equation. In the watershed were discriminated three units of dystrophic Red Latosols ((LVd1, LVd2 and LVd3) were discriminated and one of undiscriminated floodplain soils (SIV), which present an average soil loss of 4,7 t ha-1 year-1 were evaluated. Of the total area, 31,7 % of the watershed presented erosion levels above the limit of loss tolerance as follows: 10,54 t ha-1 year-1 for LVd1; 9.35 t ha-1 year-1 for LVd2; 9,14 t ha-1 year-1 for LVd3; and 9.77 t ha-1 year-1 for the SIV. The area with erosion rate above the tolerance limit resulted from the management, the absence of conservation practices and high erosivity. However, in a simulated scenario with conservation management practices, such as no tillage, average soil losses would decrease to 1,38 t ha-1 year-1, with only 3,93 % of the area with soil losses above the tolerance limit.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Zhang, Junan. « Universal compression and probability estimation over unknown alphabets / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3167859.
Texte intégralBeirami, Ahmad. « Characterizing the redundancy of universal source coding for finite-length sequences ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45750.
Texte intégralHlozek, Renee Alexandra. « Probing the early universe and dark energy with multi-epoch cosmological data ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:37eb7f80-e7c0-41a4-a3a7-0e59f50abbf3.
Texte intégralAhmed, Amer A. « An Improved Approach For Soil Moisture Estimation By Employing Illumination-Corrected Data In A Modifed Ts-VI Method ». Thesis, Fredericton : University of New Brunswick, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/35376.
Texte intégralGaraud, Damien, et Damien Garaud. « Estimation des incertitudes et prévision des risques en qualité de l'air ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00679178.
Texte intégralSyed, Usman Hassan. « Estimation of Un-electrified Households & ; Electricity Demand for Planning Electrification of Un-electrified Areas : Using South Africa as Case ». Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125590.
Texte intégralFerté, Agnès. « Statistics of the CMB polarised anisotropies : unveiling the primordial universe ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112223/document.
Texte intégralA deep understanding of the first instants of the Universe would not only complete our description of the cosmic history but also enable an exploration of new fundamental phsyics at energy scales unexplored on Earth laboratories and colliders. The most favoured scenario which describes these first instants is the cosmic inflation, an ephemeral period of accelerated expansion shortly after the big bang. Some hints are in favour of this scenario which is however still waiting for a smoking-gun observational signature. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) B modes would be generated at large angular scales by primordial gravitational waves produced during the cosmic inflation. In this frame, the primordial CMB B modes are the aim of various ongoing or being-deployed experiments, as well as being-planned satellite mission. However, unavoidable instrumental and astrophysical features makes its detection difficult. More specifically, a partial sky coverage of the CMB polarisation (inherent to any CMB measurements) leads to the E-to-B leakage, a major issue on the estimation of the CMB B modes power spectrum. This effect can prevent from a detection of the primordial B modes even if the polarisation maps are perfectly cleaned, since the (much more intense) leaked E-modes mask the B-modes. Various methods have been proposed in the literature offering a B modes estimation theoretically free from any leakage. However, when applied to real data, they are no longer completely leakage-free and remove part of the information on B-modes. These methods consequently need to be validate in the frame of real data analysis. In this purpose, I have worked on the implementation and numerical developments of three typical pseudospectrum methods. Afterwards, I have tested each of them in the case of two fiducial experimental set ups, typical of current balloon-borne or ground based experiments and of potential satellite mission. I have therefore stated on the efficiency and necessity of one of them: the so-called pure method. I have also shown that the case of nearly full sky coverage is not trivial because of the intricate shape of the contours of the point-sources and galactic mask. As a result this method is also required for an optimal B modes pseudospectrum estimation in the context of a satellite mission. With this powerful method, I performed realistic forecasts on the constraints that a CMB polarisation detection could set on the physics of the primordial universe. First of all, I have studied the detectability of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r, amounting the amplitude of primordial gravity waves and directly related to the energy scale of inflation, in the case of current suborbital experiments, a potential array of telescopes and a potential satellite mission. I have shown that a satellite-like experiment dedicated to the CMB polarisation detection will enable us to measure a tensor-to-scalar ratio of about 0.001, thus allowing for distinguishing between large and small field models of inflation. Moreover, in extension of the standard model of cosmology, the CMB EB and TB correlations can be generated. In particular, I have forecast the constraints that one could set on a parity violation in the gravitational waves during the primordial universe from observations on a small and a large part of the sky. Our results have shown that a satellite-like experiment is mandatory to set constraints on a range of parity violation models. I finally address the problematic of the detectability of observational signature of a primordial magnetic field
Sourlamtas, Konstantinos. « Soil Erosion estimation for the Göta Älv river using remote sensing, GIS and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-175412.
Texte intégralNaber, Steven John. « Nonlinear least-squares and universal-kriging estimation of source and ground-water parameters for several types of plumes caused by instantaneous contamination releases / ». The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848531362977.
Texte intégralSchaub, François. « Estimation géostatistique de l'impédance acoustique après migration prestack en profondeur ». Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002987.
Texte intégralRigollier, Christelle. « Vers un accès à une climatologie du rayonnement solaire : estimation de l'irradiation globale à partir d'images satellitales ». Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955264.
Texte intégralGomes, Leonardo. « Sobre o primeiro salto de autovalores para o h-Laplaciano, desigualdades universais para o problema de vibração de uma placa e estimativa do tipo conjectura de Pólya ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11400.
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Neste trabalho apresentamos três tipos diferentes de desigualdades envolvendo autovalo-res de diversos operadores. Primeiramente encontramos uma estimativa inferior para oprimeiro salto dos autovalores para o h-Laplaciano, melhorando em particular algumasestimativas já conhecidas para tal operador. Em seguida, obtemos uma desigualdadeuniversal para autovalores do problema de vibração de uma placa com extremidades fixas sobre variedades Riemannianas. Porfim, apresentamos uma estimativa inferior para autovalores do tipo conjectura de Pólya para operadores elípticos mais gerais. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
In this work we presente three different types of inequalities involving eigenvalues of severaloperators. Firstly we find a lower bound for the fundamental gap for theh-Laplacian improving in particular, some estimates already known to such operator. Next,we obtain a universal inequality for eigenvalues of the vibration problem for a clamped plate onRiemannian manifolds. Finaly we give alower bound for eigenvalues o Pólya conjecture Type for more general eliptic operators.
Schneider, Sebastien. « Estimation des paramètres hydrodynamiques des sols à partir d'une modélisation inverse de données d'infiltration et de résistivité électrique ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00398650.
Texte intégralPaulus, Caroline. « Filtrage de données sismiques multicomposantes et estimation de la polarisation ». Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204504.
Texte intégralIls peuvent enregistrer le déplacement dans plusieurs directions de l'espace ainsi que les variations de pression.
Le développement de traitements adaptés à ce type de données est nécessaire.
Le but de ce travail de thèse est de développer une méthode permettant d'une part le débruitage de données sismiques multicomposantes, la séparation des différents champs d'ondes ou encore l'estimation de la polarisation des ondes et de leur direction d'arrivée (DOA).
Cette méthode, appelée filtrage matriciel large-bande multicomposante, dérivée de la méthode monocomposante, prend en compte l'information de polarisation et traite les différentes composantes de façon globale et non indépendamment.
Le principe utilisé est celui de la décomposition en valeurs propres d'une matrice spectrale pour permettre une séparation efficace de l'espace des données de départ en deux espaces complémentaires (sous-espace signal et sous-espace bruit).
Ruggiero, Giovanni Abdelnur. « Une étude comparative de méthodes d'assimilation de données pour des modèles océaniques ». Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976619.
Texte intégralZhou, Hong. « Integration of Analytical Models for Estimating Sediment Supply and Evaluation of Channel Stability ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1456273575.
Texte intégralDe, Brémond D'Ars Jean. « Estimation des propriétés rhéologiques des magmas par l'étude des instabilités gravitaires : Pétrologie du complexe plutonique lite de Guernesey ». Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619374.
Texte intégralKorsakissok, Irène. « Changements d'échelle en modélisation de la qualité de l'air et estimation des incertitudes associées ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596384.
Texte intégralSadikhov, Teymur. « Stability, dissipativity, and optimal control of discontinuous dynamical systems ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53635.
Texte intégralSchneider, Sébastien. « Estimation des paramètres hydrodynamiques des sols à partir d'une modélisation inverse de données d'infiltration et de résistivité électrique ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459291.
Texte intégralGuilloux, Frédéric. « Analyse harmonique et Estimation spectrale sur la Sphère.Applications à l'étude du Fond diffus cosmologique ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347673.
Texte intégralLa localisation des needlets (récente construction d'ondelettes) sur la sphère est étudiée et optimisée en terme de concentration spatiale et d'estimation statistique. Ces fonctions sont ensuite utilisées pour construire un nouvel estimateur du spectre de puissance angulaire. L'examen des propriété de cet estimateur, d'un point de vue théorique (dans l'asymptotique des hautes fréquences angulaires) et pratique, montre qu'il améliore les méthodes existantes dans un modèle réaliste comportant des données manquantes et un bruit hétéroscédastique. A côté de l'estimation spectrale, l'utilisation des needlets est également introduite dans un problème de séparation de sources.
Après quatre chapitres introductifs (dédiés respectivement aux aspects physiques, analytiques et statistiques de l'étude du CMB, puis à une présentation d'ensemble des résultats), quatre articles de revue (en collaboration) sont présentés : "Practical wavelet design on the sphere" ; "CMB power spectrum estimation using wavelets" ; "Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics" et "A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP".
Santamaría-Gómez, Alvaro. « Estimation des mouvements verticaux de l'écorce terrestre par GPS dans un repère géocentrique, dans le cadre du projet TIGA ». Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00686823.
Texte intégralLopez, Morgan. « Estimation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre à différentes échelles en France à l'aide d'observations de haute précision ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777476.
Texte intégralPrins, Christian. « Échantillonnage, simulation et estimation des gisements secondaires de diamant ». Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00780063.
Texte intégralParis, Silvia. « Méthodes de détection parcimonieuses pour signaux faibles dans du bruit : application à des données hyperspectrales de type astrophysique ». Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933827.
Texte intégralCaron, Benoît. « EMISSION DE CENDRES PENDANT L'ACTIVITE EXPLOSIVE DES VOLCANS ITALIENS EN ZONE DISTALE : ESTIMATION, CARACTERISATION PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE ET CONTRUCTION D'UNE BASE DE DONNEE POUR MIEUX EVALUER LES ALEAS VOLCANIQUES DANS LE SUD DE L'ITALIE ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545633.
Texte intégralDemarcq, Hervé. « Applications de la télédétection infrarouge et visible en océanographie. Etude de la zone de dilution rhodanienne, observations des zones de production dans le Golfe du Lion, et estimation de l'éclairement solaire global en Méditerranée Occidentale ». Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 1985. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00955845.
Texte intégralHauet, Alexandre. « Estimation de débit et mesure de vitesse en rivière par Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry ». Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116889.
Texte intégralUne station LSPIV de mesure en continu et temps réel a été mise en place sur la rivière Iowa à Iowa City (USA). Les premières années de fonctionnement ont montré des estimations LSPIV de débit en bonne concordance avec la courbe de tarage du site et avec des mesures classiques réalisées au moulinet. L'établissement d'une importante base de données a permis une étude de sensibilité de la technique. Les sources d'erreur affectant la mesure ont été identifiées et quantifiées. L'étude de sensibilité a été affinée grâce à un simulateur numérique de la mesure LSPIV en rivière, outils capitalisant notre connaissance de la mesure et permettant d'évaluer l'importance relative de différentes sources d'erreur pour une situation donnée.
Une unité LSPIV motorisée (camionnette équipée d'un bras télescopique et d'une caméra) a été développée pour permettre l'application de la méthode en sites difficiles d'accès. Cette unité s'est montrée efficace, donnant des résultats d'excellentes qualités sur les différents sites testés. Des mesures LSPIV de champ de vitesse de surface ont été utilisées par ailleurs pour la validation de la modélisation hydraulique d'une zone d'écoulement complexe (la lône de Port-Galand sur l'Ain) et pour une étude de reconstitution de formes de fond de chenal en laboratoire.
Grosdemouge, Virginie. « Proposition d'indicateurs de confort thermique et estimation de la température radiante moyenne en milieu urbain tropical. Contribution à la méthode nationale d'évaluation des ÉcoQuartiers ». Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0033.
Texte intégralFeedback from the post-occupancy evaluation carried out in the eco-neighbourhood (EQ) of Ravine Blanche, in Reunion Island, shows that some indicators proposed by the French eco-neighbourhood evaluation model are not suitable for specific application in tropical climate. This thesis demonstrates that a building performance indicator based on a level of thermal comfort seems more appropriate in a tropical urban environment. A literature review of the main existing outdoor thermal comfort indices has been carried out. Two relevant indices for application in a tropical climate have been chosen: the PET and the UTCI indices. In addition, this research study mainly focuses on the definition and estimation of the mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), which is one of the most important factors that influence human thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. However, Tmrt is particularly difficult to determine, whether in terms of in-situ measurements or numerical modelling. An experimentation based on an existing methodology has been set up so as to estimate Tmrt. This thesis also proposes a methodology relating to how to conduct field surveys in outdoor environments with micrometeorological measurements. People’s subjective thermal perception in a coastal outdoor urban environment of the EQ of Ravine Blanche has been investigated during summer. Furthermore, two popular radiation measurement techniques in determining Tmrt (black globe & grey globe) have been studied. The choice of the method has an impact on the thermal comfort indices values. Finally, the PET and UTCI indices have been calibrated and their respective comfort zones have been defined for the climate of Saint-Pierre
Mbengue, Abdou Aziz. « Estimation par satellite de l'humidité spécifique au dessus de l'océan par radiométrie hyperfréquence ». Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00737712.
Texte intégralTran, Truong. « ESTIMATION DE L'ÉTAT HYDRIQUE DES SOLS EN AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST PAR TÉLÉDÉTECTION SPATIALE ». Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608801.
Texte intégralBourdin-Korsakissok, Irène. « Changements d'échelles en modélisation de la qualité de l'air et estimation des incertitudes associées ». Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584389.
Texte intégralYver, Camille. « Estimation des sources et puits du dihydrogène troposphérique : développements instrumentaux, mesures atmosphériques et assimilation variationnelle ». Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633825.
Texte intégralHörmann, Wolfgang, et Josef Leydold. « Automatic Random Variate Generation for Simulation Input ». Department of Statistics and Mathematics, Abt. f. Angewandte Statistik u. Datenverarbeitung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2000. http://epub.wu.ac.at/534/1/document.pdf.
Texte intégralSeries: Preprint Series / Department of Applied Statistics and Data Processing
Klimprová, Lucie. « Regresní metody pro statistickou analýzu prostorových dat ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228884.
Texte intégralAdon, Marcellin. « Etude des concentrations de gaz atmosphériques et estimation des flux de dépôt sec à l'échelle des principaux écosystèmes africains ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650079.
Texte intégralDavtyan, Vahan. « Les failles actives d'Arménie : estimation des vitesses de déplacement par la géodésie (GPS), l'archéosismologie et la paléosismologie ». Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551535.
Texte intégralPlu, Matthieu. « Représentation numérique et mathématique des structures météorologiques cohérentes d'échelle synoptique ». Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00286510.
Texte intégralL'objectif principal de cette thèse est de bâtir et d'évaluer un algorithme d'extraction des structures cohérentes d'échelle synoptique. Elles sont recherchées dans le seul champ de tourbillon potentiel, qui est inversible dans l'atmosphère sèche. L'attribution des autres champs dynamiques à la structure est ainsi rendue possible après inversion. L'extraction repose sur la projection des champs bidimensionnels sur un ensemble de bases d'ondelettes orthogonales. Une base optimale est associée à chaque structure ; pour éviter la redondance entre les structures, une technique d'orthogonalisation a été mise au point. La comparaison de l'extraction avec une méthode non objective est possible grâce à un nouveau critère de cohérence temporelle, qui repose sur l'indépendance de l'évolution de l'environnement.
L'extraction est appliquée à plusieurs phénomènes d'échelle synoptique : un précurseur d'altitude haute-fréquence, un rapide de courant-jet et des champs d'altitude associés à des épisodes précipitants en Méditerranée. Ces études montrent la pertinence dynamique des structures extraites et dégagent des perspectives d'utilisation de l'algorithme. On aborde aussi sa possible application à la mise en place d'une prévision d'ensemble à courte échéance des tempêtes.
Monteil, Céline. « Estimation de la contribution des principaux aquifères du bassin versant de la Loire au fonctionnement hydrologique du fleuve à l'étiage ». Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00677056.
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