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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Exosc »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 1 avril 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Exosc"

Zhang, Yujing, Xinyue Yang, Yang Hu et Xin Huang. « Integrated Bioinformatic Investigation of EXOSCs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Followed by the Preliminary Validation of EXOSC5 in Cell Proliferation ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, n^o 20 (12 octobre 2022) : 12161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012161.

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The Exosome complex (EXOSC) is a multiprotein complex that was originally discovered as the machinery of RNA degradation. Interestingly, recent studies have reported that EXOSC family members (EXOSCs) are associated with various human diseases, including cancers. It will be interesting to investigate whether EXOSCs are related to the processes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, multiple public databases and experimental validation were utilized to systemically investigate the role of EXOSCs, especially EXOSC5, in HCC. It is worth considering that the mRNA and protein levels of many EXOSCs were elevated in HCC, although there were some differences in the results from different database analyses. The over-expression of EXOSCs could predict HCC to some extent, as evidenced by the positive correlation between the elevated EXOSCs and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels, as well as with a high accuracy, as shown by the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Additionally, higher mRNA expressions of specific EXOSCs were significantly related to clinical cancer stage, shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in HCC patients. A moderate mutation rate of EXOSCs was also observed in HCC. Furthermore, a gene functional enrichment analysis indicated that EXOSCs were mainly involved in the metabolism of RNA. Moreover, we revealed that the expression of EXOSCs is remarkably related to immune cell infiltration. Finally, EXOSC5 was upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, promoting cell growth and proliferation via activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The bioinformatic analyses, following verification in situ and in vitro, provided a direction for further functions and underlying mechanism of EXOSCs in HCC.

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Müller, Juliane S., David T. Burns, Helen Griffin, Graeme R. Wells, Romance A. Zendah, Benjamin Munro, Claudia Schneider et Rita Horvath. « RNA exosome mutations in pontocerebellar hypoplasia alter ribosome biogenesis and p53 levels ». Life Science Alliance 3, n^o 8 (11 juin 2020) : e202000678. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000678.

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The RNA exosome is a ubiquitously expressed complex of nine core proteins (EXOSC1-9) and associated nucleases responsible for RNA processing and degradation. Mutations in EXOSC3, EXOSC8, EXOSC9, and the exosome cofactor RBM7 cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia and motor neuronopathy. We investigated the consequences of exosome mutations on RNA metabolism and cellular survival in zebrafish and human cell models. We observed that levels of mRNAs encoding p53 and ribosome biogenesis factors are increased in zebrafish lines with homozygous mutations of exosc8 or exosc9, respectively. Consistent with higher p53 levels, mutant zebrafish have a reduced head size, smaller brain, and cerebellum caused by an increased number of apoptotic cells during development. Down-regulation of EXOSC8 and EXOSC9 in human cells leads to p53 protein stabilisation and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Increased p53 transcript levels were also observed in muscle samples from patients with EXOSC9 mutations. Our work provides explanation for the pathogenesis of exosome-related disorders and highlights the link between exosome function, ribosome biogenesis, and p53-dependent signalling. We suggest that exosome-related disorders could be classified as ribosomopathies.

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McIver, Skye C., Yoon-A. Kang, Andrew W. DeVilbiss, Chelsea A. O'Driscoll, David T. Yang, Saghi Ghaffari et Emery H. Bresnick. « The RNA-Degrading Exosome Complex Is an Endogenous Suppressor of Erythroid Maturation ». Blood 124, n^o 21 (6 décembre 2014) : 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2659.2659.

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Abstract Complex genetic networks control hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into progenitors that give rise to billions of erythrocytes daily. We demonstrated that the master regulator of erythropoiesis, GATA-1, induces expression of genes encoding components of the autophagy machinery. In this context, the Forkhead transcription factor, Foxo3, amplified GATA-1-mediated transcriptional activation. We conducted studies to assess whether the GATA-1/Foxo3 cooperativity is restricted to the control of autophagy, or if it more broadly impacts the erythroid cell transcriptome. Analysis of the GATA-1/Foxo3-dependent transcriptome in erythroid cells revealed a target gene ensemble extending beyond autophagy, but representing only a small fraction of the complex GATA-1-dependent target gene ensemble. GATA-1/Foxo3 repressed expression of genes encoding two exosome complex components, Exosc5 and Exosc8. The exosome complex functions in one of the major RNA degradation pathways in diverse cell types, mediates splicing and degradation of mRNAs and non-coding RNAs, and functions in epigenetic gene regulation. As the role of the exosome complex in erythropoiesis, and more broadly in hematopoiesis, had not been described previously, we conducted biological and mechanistic studies to determine whether the endogenous exosome complex has important roles in the development and/or function of erythroid cells. Strikingly, downregulating expression of endogenous exosome components, Exosc8, Exosc9 and the catalytic component Dis3 dramatically increased the percentage of primary erythroid precursor cells in the R4 (polychromatic and orthrochromatic orthrochromatic) population from 1% in control cells to 30%, 28% and 16% respectively. We have extended these initial findings to explore key mechanistic and biological questions. Using the exosome complex high-resolution crystal structure as a guide, we are conducting loss-of-function studies to establish whether additional exosome complex components that serve structural roles in the complex (Exosc4 and Exosc7), bind RNA substrates (Exosc1), and degrade RNAs (Dis3L and Exosc10) are also important determinants of erythroid maturation. Initial studies indicate that multiple components suppress maturation, but differ quantitatively in their importance. Studies are underway to test the hypothesis that downregulating Exosc8 or Exosc9 severely disrupts the integrity of the exosome complex, whereas certain other components are less critical for complex integrity and function. We have developed a co-immunoprecipitation assay to measure interactions between endogenous exosome complex components in erythroid cells. This assay is being used to establish the role of the various exosome complex subunits in complex integrity in cultured and primary erythroid cells. Under conditions in which downregulating Exosc8 or Exosc9 induced erythroid maturation, expression of the established regulators of erythropoiesis GATA-1, FOG-1, or KLF1 was unaffected. To test the hypothesis that the exosome complex downregulates a cohort of critical RNAs, including regulatory non-coding RNAs, required for erythroid maturation, we are conducting studies to identify direct exosome complex targets in erythroid cells at distinct stages of maturation. Our results demonstrate a new mode of controlling erythropoiesis in which multiple components of the exosome complex are endogenous suppressors of the erythroid developmental program. Furthermore, since the exosome complex had not been shown previously to regulate any aspect of hematopoiesis, this work expands the biological repertoire of exosome complex-dependent processes. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Beheshtian, Maryam, Zohreh Fattahi, Mahsa Fadaee, Raheleh Vazehan, Payman Jamali, Elham Parsimehr, Mahboubeh Kamgar et al. « Identification of disease‐causing variants in the EXOSC gene family underlying autosomal recessive intellectual disability in Iranian families ». Clinical Genetics 95, n^o 6 (14 mai 2019) : 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cge.13549.

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McIver, Skye C., Koichi R. Kasumura, Elsa Davids, Yoon-A. Kang, Peng Liu, David T. Yang et Emery H. Bresnick. « Orchestrating Developmental Signaling to Balance Erythroblast Proliferation and Differentiation ». Blood 128, n^o 22 (2 décembre 2016) : 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.699.699.

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Abstract The highly conserved exosome complex mediates the degradation and processing of multiple classes of RNAs. How this post-transcriptional RNA- and gene-regulatory machine impacts cell fate decisions and differentiation is poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that exosome complex subunits confer an erythroid maturation barricade, and the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 dismantles the barricade by transcriptionally repressing the cognate genes. While dissecting requirements for the maturation barricade in mice, we discovered that the exosome complex is a vital determinant of a developmental signaling transition that dictates proliferation versus differentiation of erythroid precursor cells. Using shRNAs to downregulate exosome complex subunits, we developed conditions that disrupt exosome complex integrity and analyzed functional consequences. We discovered that erythroid precursor cells derived from E14.5 murine fetal liver exhibited significantly decreased survival when erythropoietin (Epo) was removed from the culture media. Live cells decreased from 66% in the control to 24% (p = 2 x 10-5) in the Exosc8-knockdown condition. The maturation-associated increase (1.5 fold, p = 0.003) in the Ter119+CD71+ (R3: early/late basophilic erythroblast) population upon Exosc8 knockdown did not occur without exogenous Epo. Thus, the survival and differentiation of erythroid precursors after downregulating Exosc8 is critically dependent on Epo. We tested whether Exosc8 downregulation impaired stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated proliferation/amplification of erythroid precursors. Using a phospho-flow cytometry assay, we quantitated the capacity of SCF or Epo to instigate cell signaling using the shared downstream substrate Akt. SCF induced maximal Akt phosphorylation in immature Ter119-CD71high erythroblasts (5.5 fold, p = 3 x 10-6). As erythroid maturation progressed to Ter119+CD71high, the SCF response was diminished. Exosc8 downregulation abrogated SCF-mediated induction of phospho-Akt. Epo induced maximal Akt phosphorylation in Ter119+CD71high erythroblasts, and Exosc8 downregulation accelerated acquisition of this signaling response. Whereas Epo did not affect Akt phosphorylation in control Ter119-CD71high erythroblasts, Epo increased phospho-Akt 4 fold (p = 0.003) upon Exosc8 downregulation. Thus, downregulating Exosc8 abrogated SCF signaling that supports erythroid precursor proliferation/amplification, while precociously inducing Epo-dependent pro-differentiation signaling. As downregulating Exosc8 abrogated SCF signaling, we tested whether the exosome complex or individual subunits confer Kit expression or promote signaling via a post-receptor mechanism. Downregulating Exosc8 or Exosc9 reduced Kit surface expression in the R2 (proerythroblast and early basophilic) cell population [14.6 (p = 3.6 x 10-4) and 6 fold (p= 1.3 x 10-6) decrease, respectively]. Exosc8 downregulation also reduced Kit mRNA and primary transcript levels at all erythroid maturation stages. By 24 h post-infection with shExosc8-expressing retrovirus, Kit protein decreased 10 fold (p = 0.046) in Ter119- erythroid precursor cells. We tested whether the Exosc8 requirement for Kit primary transcript, mRNA and protein expression involved alterations in the distribution of transcriptionally-competent serine 5-phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at Kit. Using quantitative ChIP analysis with control and Exosc8-knockdown Ter119- cells, Exosc8 downregulation reduced phospho-Ser5 Pol II occupancy within the coding region (+5 kb) and 3' UTR, but not at the promoter. Furthermore, Exosc9 occupied multiple regions of the Kit locus. These results support a model in which the exosome complex confers Kit expression and stem cell factor/Kit signaling via a transcriptional mechanism. Functioning as a gatekeeper of the SCF - Epo developmental signaling transition, the exosome complex controls the massive production of erythroid cells that ensures organismal survival in homeostatic and stress contexts. Studies are underway to establish the full repertoire of exosome complex targets in the developing erythroblast, how these targets relate to exosome complex targets in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and exosome complex-dependent strategies for translational applications. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Yin, Shang-Jun, Guo-Ying Qian, Jun-Mo Yang, Jinhyuk Lee et Yong-Doo Park. « Detection of Melanogenesis and Anti-Apoptosis-Associated Melanoma Factors : Array CGH and PPI Mapping Integrating Study ». Protein & ; Peptide Letters 28, n^o 12 (décembre 2021) : 1408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866528666211105112927.

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Background: We investigated melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-related melanoma factors in melanoma cells (TXM1, TXM18, A375P, and A375SM). Objective: To find melanoma associated hub factor, high-throughput screening-based techniques integrating with bioinformatics were investigated. Methods: Array CGH analysis was conducted with a commercial system. Total genomic DNAs prepared individually from each cell line with control DNA were properly labeled with Cy3-dCTP and Cy5-dCTP and hybridizations and subsequently performed data treatment by the log2 green (G; test) to red (R; reference) fluorescence ratios (G/R). Gain or loss of copy number was judged by spots with log2-transformed ratios. PPI mapping analysis of detected candidate genes based on the array CGH results was conducted using the human interactome in the STRING database. Energy minimization and a short Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation using the implicit solvation model in CHARMM were performed to analyze the interacting residues between YWHAZ and YWHAB. Results: Three genes (BMP-4, BFGF, LEF-1) known to be involved in melanogenesis were found to lose chromosomal copy numbers, and Chr. 6q23.3 was lost in all tested cell lines. Ten hub genes (CTNNB1, PEX13, PEX14, PEX5, IFNG, EXOSC3, EXOSC1, EXOSC8, UBC, and PEX10) were predicted to be functional interaction factors in the network of the 6q23.3 locus. The apoptosis-associated genes E2F1, p50, BCL2L1, and BIRC7 gained, and FGF2 lost chromosomal copy numbers in the tested melanoma cell lines. YWHAB, which gained chromosomal copy numbers, was predicted to be the most important hub protein in melanoma cells. Molecular dynamics simulations for binding YWHAB and YWHAZ were conducted, and the complex was predicted to be energetically and structurally stable through its 3 hydrogen-bond patterns. The number of interacting residues is 27. Conclusion: Our study compares genome-wide screening interactomics predictions for melanoma factors and offers new information for understanding melanogenesis- and anti-apoptosis-associated mechanisms in melanoma. Especially, YWHAB was newly detected as a core factor in melanoma cells.

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Di Giovambattista, Anna Paola, Itxaropena Jácome Querejeta, Purificación Ventura Faci, Gerardo Rodríguez Martínez et Feliciano Ramos Fuentes. « Familial EXOSC3-related pontocerebellar hypoplasia ». Anales de Pediatría (English Edition) 86, n^o 5 (mai 2017) : 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2016.09.004.

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Li, Baoyu, Xuehong Xian, Xinwei Lin, Luo Huang, Ailin Liang, Hongwei Jiang et Qimei Gong. « Hypoxia Alters the Proteome Profile and Enhances the Angiogenic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes ». Biomolecules 12, n^o 4 (14 avril 2022) : 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12040575.

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Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their exosomes (Exos) are effective treatments for regenerative medicine. Hypoxia was confirmed to improve the angiogenic potential of stem cells. However, the angiogenic effect and mechanism of hypoxia-preconditioned DPSC-Exos are poorly understood. We isolated exosomes from DPSCs under normoxia (Nor-Exos) and hypoxia (Hypo-Exos) and added them to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVEC proliferation, migration and angiogenic capacity were assessed by CCK-8, transwell, tube formation assays, qRT-PCR and Western blot. iTRAQ-based proteomics and bioinformatic analysis were performed to investigate proteome profile differences between Nor-Exos and Hypo-Exos. Western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we silenced LOXL2 in HUVECs and rescued tube formation with Hypo-Exos. Hypo-Exos enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube formation in vitro superior to Nor-Exos. The proteomics analysis identified 79 proteins with significantly different expression in Hypo-Exos, among which LOXL2 was verified as being upregulated in hypoxia-preconditioned DPSCs, Hypo-Exos, and inflamed dental pulp. Hypo-Exos partially rescued the inhibitory influence of LOXL2 silence on HUVEC tube formation. In conclusion, hypoxia enhanced the angiogenic potential of DPSCs-Exos and partially altered their proteome profile. LOXL2 is likely involved in Hypo-Exos mediated angiogenesis.

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Zhang, Yi, Yi Qin, Michael Chopp, Chao Li, Amy Kemper, Xianshuang Liu, Xinli Wang, Li Zhang et Zheng Gang Zhang. « Ischemic Cerebral Endothelial Cell–Derived Exosomes Promote Axonal Growth ». Stroke 51, n^o 12 (décembre 2020) : 3701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.031728.

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Background and Purpose: Cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) and axons of neurons interact to maintain vascular and neuronal homeostasis and axonal remodeling in normal and ischemic brain, respectively. However, the role of exosomes in the interaction of CECs and axons in brain under normal conditions and after stroke is unknown. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from CECs of nonischemic rats and is chemic rats (nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos), respectively. A multicompartmental cell culture system was used to separate axons from neuronal cell bodies. Results: Axonal application of nCEC-exos promotes axonal growth of cortical neurons, whereas isCEC-exos further enhance axonal growth than nCEC-exos. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that CEC-exos applied into distal axons were internalized by axons and reached to their parent somata. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that both nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos contain abundant mature miRNAs; however, isCEC-exos exhibit more robust elevation of select miRNAs than nCEC-exos. Mechanistically, axonal application of nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos significantly elevated miRNAs and reduced proteins in distal axons and their parent somata that are involved in inhibiting axonal outgrowth. Blockage of axonal transport suppressed isCEC-exo–altered miRNAs and proteins in somata but not in distal axons. Conclusions: nCEC-exos and isCEC-exos facilitate axonal growth by altering miRNAs and their target protein profiles in recipient neurons.

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McGuffie, Eileen M., Jennifer E. Fraylick, Debra J. Hazen-Martin, Timothy S. Vincent et Joan C. Olson. « Differential Sensitivity of Human Epithelial Cells to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S ». Infection and Immunity 67, n^o 7 (1 juillet 1999) : 3494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.7.3494-3503.1999.

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ABSTRACT Exoenzyme S (ExoS) is an ADP-ribosyltransferase produced and directly translocated into eukaryotic cells by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Model systems that allow bacterial translocation of ExoS have found ExoS to have multiple effects on eukaryotic cell function, affecting DNA synthesis, actin cytoskeletal structure, and cell matrix adherence. To understand mechanisms underlying differences observed in cell sensitivities to ExoS, we examined the effects of bacterially translocated ExoS on multiple human epithelial cell lines. Of the cell lines examined, confluent normal kidney (NK) epithelial cells were most resistant to ExoS, while tumor-derived cell lines were highly sensitive to ExoS. Analysis of the mechanisms of resistance indicated that cell association as well as an intrinsic resistance to morphological alterations were associated with increased resistance to ExoS. Conversely, increased sensitivity to ExoS appeared to be linked to epithelial cell growth, with tumor cells capable of undergoing non-contact-inhibited, anchorage-independent growth all being sensitive to ExoS, and NK cells becoming sensitive to ExoS when subconfluent and growing. Consistent with the possibility that growth-related, actin-based structures are involved in sensitivity to ExoS, scanning electron microscopy revealed cellular extensions from sensitive, growing cells to bacteria, which were not readily evident in resistant cells. In all studies, the severity of effects of ExoS on cell function directly correlated with the degree of Ras modification, indicating that sensitivity to ExoS in some manner related to the efficiency of ExoS translocation and its ADP-ribosylation of Ras. Our results suggest that factors expressed by growing epithelial cells are required for the bacterial contact-dependent translocation of ExoS; as normal epithelial cells differentiate into polarized confluent monolayers, expression of these factors is altered, and cells in turn become more resistant to the effects of ExoS.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Exosc"

Jia, Jinghua. « Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS induced apoptosis in host cells ». [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005780.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2004.
Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 149 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Del, Moro Agnese. « The nature of extreme X-ray to optical ratio sources (EXOs) ». Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8340.

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This thesis presents a study of a sample of objects with a high X-ray-to-optical flux ratio, which are believed to be a good tracer of highly obscured, high redshift active galaxies (AGN). Such objects have particular importance since they may account for a significant fraction of the accretion history of the Universe and because of their links with the co-evolution of super-massive black holes and their host galaxies. In this thesis the results are presented for a new sample of bright, X-ray selected objects with extreme X-ray-to-optical flux ratios (“EXOs”), constructed from a cross-correlation of the 2XMMp X-ray and the SDSS-DR5 optical catalogues. Investigation of the optical/NIR and X-ray colours constrains the fraction of obscured sources to be over half of the sample. Optical and X-ray spectroscopic analysis for a sub-sample of the EXOs confirms these results and reveals the presence of a large number of type-2 QSOs. The discovery of the source with the currently highest X-ray-to-optical flux ratio value is also reported and its properties investigated. Finally, a population study of a complete sample of bright X-ray selected AGN from the Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) is presented. Through detailed X-ray spec- tral analysis, the average properties of the sample are investigated and the fraction of absorbed sources and its dependence on the intrinsic X-ray luminosity is studied. The properties of the high X-ray-to-optical flux ratio sources in this SXDS sample is compared with the EXO sample drawn from the the 2XMMp/SDSS catalogue cross-correlation.

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Lavenius, Axel. « Automatic identification of northern pike (Exos Lucius) with convolutional neural networks ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-418639.

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The population of northern pike in the Baltic sea has seen a drasticdecrease in numbers in the last couple of decades. The reasons for this are believed to be many, but the majority of them are most likely anthropogenic. Today, many measures are being taken to prevent further decline of pike populations, ranging from nutrient runoff control to habitat restoration. This inevitably gives rise to the problem addressed in this project, namely: how can we best monitor pike populations so that it is possible to accurately assess and verify the effects of these measures over the coming decades? Pike is currently monitored in Sweden by employing expensive and ineffective manual methods of individual marking of pike by a handful of experts. This project provides evidence that such methods could be replaced by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), an automatic artificial intelligence system, which can be taught how to identify pike individuals based on their unique patterns. A neural net simulates the functions of neurons in the human brain, which allows it to perform a range of tasks, while a CNN is a neural net specialized for this type of visual recognition task. The results show that the CNN trained in this project can identify pike individuals in the provided data set with upwards of 90% accuracy, with much potential for improvement.

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Önnerberg, Carl-Henrik, Jerry Roth et Tobias Bergenmo. « Likviditetshantering i industriföretag : En fallstudie om Stamo Maskin AB och GEA EXOS Ventilation AB ». Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6370.

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Sammanfattning

Titel: Likviditetshanteringen i industriföretag

Kurs: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi

Författare: Carl-Henrik Önnerberg, Jerry Roth, Tobias Bergenmo

Handledare: Per Janze

Nyckelord: Kassaflöde, Likviditet, Likviditetshantering

Bakgrund: Kassaflödet har blivit alltmer viktigt i dagens samhälle, då in- och utbetalningar sker löpande i företagen. Detta för att tidigare kunna upptäcka ett ojämnt flöde av likvida medel. Om likviditeten är dålig en period är det akut för företaget att skaffa fram likvida medel annars kan inga utbetalningar ske. Att ha en god likviditet är något alltfler företag eftersträvar och ser som en positiv egenskap hos bolaget.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva hur industriföretag genomför sin likviditetshantering av in- och utbetalningar på kort sikt samt undersöka om det finns förslag till förändringar.

Metod: Vi utförde en explanativ fallstudie om två industriföretag i Mälardalen. Intervjuer genomfördes med respektive ekonomiansvarig. Teoretiska kunskaper om likviditetshantering skaffades via litteratur och internetkällor.

Slutsats: Efter fallstudien på Stamo och EXOS har vi fått en uppfattning om att likviditetshanteringen består till stor del av förhandlingar av betalningsvillkor. Då företagen gynnas av långa ledtider på utbetalningar och korta ledtider på inbetalningar. Båda företagen har god översikt på sin likviditetshantering. De följer upp prognoser och likviditetsbudgeten vilket skapar bra översyn på flödet mellan in- och utbetalningar. Dock kan vi anse att de borde börja med en uppföljning av kassaflödet genom att börja upprätta en kassaflödesanalys.

Abstract

Title: Cash management in industrial companies

Course: Bachelor in business administration with a major in financial accounting

Author: Carl-Henrik Önnerberg, Jerry Roth, Tobias Bergenmo

Tutor: Per Janze

Key words: Cash Flow, Cash Management, Liquidity

Background: Cash flow has become increasingly important in today's society, as incoming and outgoing payments happens continuously in companies. This to enable earlier detection of an uneven cash flow. If liquidity is poor during a period, it is urgent for the company to raise cash or otherwise there will be no payments. To have a good liquidity is something more and more companies are seeking and see as a positive quality of the company.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe how the industrial companies fulfill their cash management of incoming and outgoing payments in the short term, and examine whether there are any possible improvements.

Method: We conducted an explanatory case study of two industrial companies in Mälardalen. Interviews were conducted with the financial directors. Theoretical knowledge of cash management procured through literature and Internet sources.

Conclusion: After the case study on Stamo and EXOS we have belief that the cash management is largely composed of negotiation of payment terms. Since companies benefit from long lead times of outgoing payments and short lead times on incoming payments. Both companies have good overview of its cash management. They follow up the budget forecasting which creates a good review on the flow between the incoming and outgoing payments. However, we think that they should start to establish a cash flow statement for economic review.

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Würtele, Martin R. A. « Strukturbiologie der Toxine ExoS und Fusicoccin wie zwei pathogene Organismen in die Biochemie der Zell-Regulation höherer Eukaryonten eingreifen / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968462081.

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Aglar, Öznur. « Design and synthesis of inhibitors of the ADP ribosylating toxin ExoS : Targeting the Type III Secretion System (T3SS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123117.

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Quenee, Lauriane. « Mécanismes de la sécrétion des toxines ExoS et ExoT par le système de sécrétion de type III de Pseudomonas aeruginosa : séquence d'adressage et rôle de la chaperonne SpcS ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10190.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pathogène opportuniste, est responsable d'infections nosocomiales et d'infections pulmonaires chez les patients atteints de mucoviscidose. L'un des facteurs déterminants dans la virulence de cette bactérie est son système de sécrétion de type III (SSTT). Le SSTT permet aux bactéries d'injecter des toxines directement dans le cytosol d'ne cellule eucaryote cible. Ce facteur de virulence peut être aussi considéré comme un système biologique de transfert de protéines. Nous avons donc défini les modalités d'utilisation de la souche CHA de P. Aeruginosa comme outil de vectorialisation. L'invalidation des gènes exoS et exoT a permis de créer une souche peu toxique pour les cellules eucaryotes, qui présente une capacité d'injection accrue pour les protéines d'intérêt. Des protéines de fusion ont été réalisées avec différents segments N-terminaux de ExoS et des protéines rapporteuses. La capacité de ces protéines à être produites et injectées par le SSTT de la souche CHA, a permis de définir la séquence d'adressage permettant l'injection optimale dans une cellule cible. Les 54 premiers acides aminés de ExoS sont le meilleur compromis entre un domaine minimum de la toxine native et une information suffisante pour un adressage efficace vers le SSTT. Le gène orf1 code pour une chaperonne spécifique : SpcS, qui interagit avec les toxines ExoS et ExoT dans le cytosol de la souche CHA et favorise leur sécrétion, sans pour autant être indispensable à un mécanisme ou à la toxicité bactérienne. Avec le complexe ExoS/Spcs nous avons copurifié la protéine CysB. Cette protéine est un nouvel inhibiteur du SSTT, impliqué dans une voie de régulation encore indéterminée
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogen. It uses type three secretion system (TTSS) to inject effector proteins directly into the cytosol of target cells. This sytem can also be considered as a protein transfer system. We have defined a way to turn the P. Aeruginosa CHA strain as a bacterial protein vector. Deletion of exoS and exoT generated a non toxic strain was able to inject protein transfer system. We have defined a way to turn the P. Aeruginosa CHA strain as a bacterial protein vector. Deletion of exoS and exoT generated a non toxic strain was able to inject proteins into the cytosol of a target cell. Fusion proteins were realized with the N-termina domain of ExoS. They were produced and secreted by the TTSS of the CHA strain, allowing to emphasize that the signal sequence for TTSS secretion was encoded by the 54 first amino acids of the toxin. We have also shown that the orf1 gene encodes a type III chaperone, SpcS, which was able to interact with ExoS and ExoT in the cytose of the bacteria. SpcS increased the secretion of these toxins, but was not compulsory for secretion neither for toxicity. With the ExoS/Spcs complex, CysB has also been copurified. This protein was a negative regulator of TTSS expression but was involved in a still non described regulatory pathway

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Armentrout, Erin I. « Sensing of Host Cell Contact by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1499965816504161.

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Henriksson, Maria. « Cellular targets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin Exoenzyme S ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121.

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Yasmin, Lubna. « Exoenzyme S of Pseudomonas aeruginosa : cellular targets and interaction with 14-3-3 ». Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1411.

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Livres sur le sujet "Exosc"

Krausz, Pierre. Chimie organique : Cours + exos. Paris : Dunod, 2008.

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Beaumont, Simon. Biochimie : 50% cours + 50% exos. Paris : EdiScience, 2005.

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Michel, Henry. Mécanique du point : Cours + exos. Paris : Dunod, 2008.

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Réveillac, Jean-Michel. Mini manuel de C++ : Cours + exos corrigés. Paris : Dunod, 2010.

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Chimie : Tle S, obligatoire et specialité, exos +. Paris : Bordas, 2007.

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Boularas, Driss. Mathématiques pour les sciences de la vie et de l'environnement : Cours + exos corrigés. Paris : Dunod, 2009.

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Petits exos trop rigolos, du CP au CE1, 6 à 7 ans : Jeux de français, jeux de maths, énigmes. Vanves : Hachette, 2010.

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Ammann, Michael T. exos. Writers Club Press, 2003.

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Ammann, Michael T. Exos. Tandem Library, 2003.

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Photiades, Demetres. Othonas : He exose (Historia). S.I. Zacharopoulos, 1988.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Exosc"

Coste, Didier. « Exos as Eros, and Vice Versa ». Dans A Cosmopolitan Approach to Literature, 271–88. New York : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003289609-19.

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Koekemoer, A. M., D. M. Alexander, F. E. Bauer, J. Bergeron, W. N. Brandt, S. Cristiani, M. Dickinson et al. « Early Spitzer Detections of Extreme X-ray/Optical Sources (EXOs) ». Dans Growing Black Holes : Accretion in a Cosmological Context, 120–25. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11403913_15.

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Mukai, T., N. Kaya et W. Miyake. « Exos-D Observations of Charged Particle Precipitation and Acceleration Processes ». Dans Magnetospheric Substorms, 277–84. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm064p0277.

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Frisoli, Antonio, Carmelo Chisari, Edoardo Sotgiu, Caterina Procopio, Marco Fontana, Bruno Rossi et Massimo Bergamasco. « Rehabilitation Training and Evaluation with the L-EXOS in Chronic Stroke ». Dans Impact Analysis of Solutions for Chronic Disease Prevention and Management, 242–45. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30779-9_35.

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Koekemoer, A. M., D. M. Alexander, F. E. Bauer, J. Bergeron, W. N. Brandt, E. Chatzichristou, S. Cristiani et al. « Probing the High Redshift Universe with Extreme X-Ray/Optical Sources (EXOs) ». Dans Multiwavelength Mapping of Galaxy Formation and Evolution, 88–93. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10995020_13.

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Yau, A. W., E. Drakou, M. J. Greffen, D. J. Knudsen et E. Sagawa. « Radio-Frequency Ion Mass Spectrometer Measurements of Ion Composition, Velocity and Temperature : the EXOS-D Suprathermal Mass Spectrometer ». Dans Measurement Techniques in Space Plasmas : Particles, 307–12. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm102p0307.

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Jaleel, Haniffa Beevi Abdul, et Pauline Teo Hwa Ling. « Transforming Online Learning Beyond the Digital Data ». Dans Research Anthology on Remote Teaching and Learning and the Future of Online Education, 938–57. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7540-9.ch047.

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Experiential Online Classroom (ExOC) for Introduction to Business Presentation under the English 1 module at Taylor's University has expanded the landscape of blended learning from self-directed learning to experiential learning through participation in an online learning environment (OLE). The ExOC has been completely modernised and humanised to shape students' skills in a business presentation by building intangible elements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR), which are character building, higher order thinking, soft skills, and lifelong learning. Human touch to technology-based content encourages students to build a community virtually, which naturally gives a deep learning experience with greater engagement. This chapter explains the design and development Introduction to Business Presentation MOOC as a modernised and humanised blended learning method that transformed online learning. Finally, the preliminary impacts of students' participation and engagement in using the MOOC are also discussed.

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Jaleel, Haniffa Beevi Abdul, et Pauline Teo Hwa Ling. « Transforming Online Learning Beyond the Digital Data ». Dans Preparing 21st Century Teachers for Teach Less, Learn More (TLLM) Pedagogies, 182–201. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1435-1.ch011.

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Zhang, Leisheng, Xiaowei Gao, Shixun Ma, Miao Yu, Xianghong Xu, Yuanguang Zhao, Shuang Chen et al. « MSC-Derived Exosomes for Tissue Engineering and Disease Intervention ». Dans Exosomes - Recent Advances From Bench to Bedside [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110530.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stromal cells or medicinal signaling cells or multipotent stem cells, are heterogeneous cell populations with unique immunomodulatory feature and hematopoietic-supporting capacity. MSCs function through a variety of approaches including paracrine and autocrine, direct- or trans-differentiation, bidirectional immunomodulation, and serving as constitutive microenvironment. Of them, exosomes and microvesicles function as the pivotal vehicle for mediating the ameliorative and therapeutic effect of MSCs toward various recurrent and refractory diseases, such as xerophthalmia, radioactive nasal mucosa injury, acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), dermal chronic ulcers, and intrauterine adhesions. State-of-the-art renewal has also highlighted the promising prospective of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) and diverse biomaterial composites in regenerative medicine. In this book chapter, we mainly focus on the concept, biological phenotypes, preclinical research, and clinical practice of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) and/or biomaterials, which will collectively supply overwhelming new references for the further development of MSC-Exos-based biotherapy and disease diagnosis in future.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Exosc"

Oakley, Phil, Webster Cash, Randy McEntaffer, Ann Shipley et Ted Schultz. « The EXOS sounding rocket payload ». Dans SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, sous la direction de Stephen L. O'Dell et Giovanni Pareschi. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.827494.

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Eberman, Brian S., et Bin An. « EXOS research on force-reflecting controllers ». Dans Applications in Optical Science and Engineering, sous la direction de Hari Das. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.142116.

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Grindlay, J., T. Prince, M. Weisskopf et G. Skinner. « The EXOSS mission for hard X-ray astronomy ». Dans High−Energy Astrophysics in the 21st Century. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39661.

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Nasr, Ali, Spencer Ferguson et John McPhee. « Model-Based Design and Optimization of Passive Shoulder Exoskeletons ». Dans ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69437.

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Abstract To physically assist workers in reducing musculoskeletal strain or to develop motor skills for patients with neuromuscular disabilities, recent research has focused on Exoskeletons (Exos). Designing active Exos is challenging due to the complex human geometric structure, the human-Exoskeleton wrench interaction, the kinematic constraints, and the selection of power source characteristics. Because of the portable advantages of passive Exos, designing a passive shoulder mechanism has been studied here. The study concentrates on modeling a 3D multibody upper-limb human-Exoskeleton, developing a procedure of analyzing optimal assistive torque profiles, and optimizing the passive mechanism features for desired tasks. The optimization objective is minimizing the human joint torques. For simulating the complex closed-loop multibody dynamics, differential-algebraic equations (DAE)s of motion have been generated and solved. Three different tasks have been considered, which are common in industrial environments: object manipulation, over-head work, and static pointing. The resulting assistive Exoskeleton’s elevation joint torque profile could decrease the specific task’s human shoulder torque. Since the passive mechanism produces a specific torque for a given elevation angle, the Exoskeleton is not versatile or optimal for different dynamic tasks. We concluded that designing a passive Exoskeleton for a wide range of dynamic applications is impossible. We hypothesize that augmenting an actuator to the mechanism can provide the necessary adjustment torque and versatility for multiple tasks.

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Cook III, Walter R., Thomas A. Prince, Jonathan E. Grindlay, Martin C. Weisskopf, Brian D. Ramsey et Gerald K. Skinner. « EXOSS : a hard x-ray and soft gamma-ray astronomy mission ». Dans San Dieg - DL Tentative, sous la direction de Oswald H. W. Siegmund et Hugh S. Hudson. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.23278.

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NATORI, MICHIHIRO, ICHIRO NAKATANI, KEIKEN NINOMIYA, TOSHIHIRO KURII et KEN MAEDA. « Dynamics of the Exos-D Satellite - Effects of Various Flexible Appendages ». Dans 31st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-993.

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Su, Fang-Hsiang, Manas Somaiya, Shrish Mishra et Rajyashree Mukherjee. « EXOS : Expansion on session for enhancing effectiveness of query auto-completion ». Dans 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bigdata.2015.7363869.

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Matsuzaki, A. « An Overview of LAS/ILAS ». Dans Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.tud21.

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The Limb-Atmospheric Infrared Spectrometer (LAS) was launched on February 14, 1984, boarding on the satellite "OHZORA" (EXOS-C) to investigate the constituents of the middle atmosphere. This sensor measures the infrared spectra of the solar radiation passing a limb atmosphere at various tangent heights. These spectra include the "whole" absorption bands of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and nitrous oxide. Furthermore the spectra give the wavelength dependence of the aerosol scattering extinction. Consequently, we can get the vertical profiles of these atmospheric constituents at various global points, with good accuracy.

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Zhang, Leiyu, Jianfeng Li, Mingjie Dong, Ying Cui et Xi Rong. « Development of a Compatible Exoskeleton (Co-Exos II) for Upper-Limb Rehabilitation* ». Dans 2019 16th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urai.2019.8768641.

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Solazzi, Massimiliano, Mirko Abbrescia, Rocco Vertechy, Claudio Loconsole, Vitoantonio Bevilacqua et Antonio Frisoli. « An interaction torque control improving human force estimation of the rehab-exos exoskeleton ». Dans 2014 IEEE Haptics Symposium (HAPTICS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/haptics.2014.6775453.

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