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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Export controls – Germany (West) »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Hofhansel, Claus. "Explaining Foreign Economic Policy: A Comparison of U.S and West German Export Controls." Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 3 (1990): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00005845.

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ABSTRACTThis article analyzes differences between United States and West German export controls. It shows that United States controls are more extensive and stricter than controls in West Germany. Three possible explanations for this variation in policy are considered. First, these two states differ in regard to their positions in the international system and in their choice of economic strategies. Second, the extent of domestic political support for strict export control policies varies between the two countries. Finally, West Germany lacks the institutional framework to adequately control it

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Schürmann, Heinz Jürgen. "Structural Changes and Performance of the German Oil Industry." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 4, no. 4 (1986): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459878600400401.

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More than in many other countries, the oil market in West Germany is traditionally characterised by liberal trade patterns. This open market allowed a virtually free inflow of oil products. Hence, the pressure on prices at Rotterdam's spot market affected directly the product prices for German consumers. In all end-product markets, oligopoly and strong competition by outsiders prevail. If the cutthroat competition is intensified, this may lead to an alteration of the supply structure within the group of the quite heterogeneous market participants. The West German oil industry is passing throug

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Gracheva, Maria. "Regional Aspect: Commodity Structure of Germany’s Exports." Contemporary Europe 101, no. 1 (2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope1202195107.

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The article examines the specificity of commodities exports of Germany’s eastern and western lands. The indicators of sectoral export specialization are determined by comparing sectoral export quotas of the federal lands and the East/West with the general German sectoral export quotas. Calculations are based on data from the country's Federal Statistical Office for 2008 and 2019. As a result of the analysis of the indicators obtained, the general characteristics of the export specifics in relation to industrial branches and federal lands in two parts of the country are formulated, changes amon

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Mokoro, Brian. "Review of After War: The Political Economy of Exporting Democracy by Christopher Coyne." New Perspectives on Political Economy 04, no. 1 (2008): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.62374/8hpkx792.

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West Germany, Japan, Somalia, Haiti, Afghanistan and Iraq. What do these six countries have in common? Each of these countries has been the site of a U.S. led postwar military occupation and reconstruction. At various points in the past century, the United States has endeavored to export liberal democracy to nations abroad. While some of these reconstructions have succeeded – West Germany and Japan are clear success stories – others, like Somalia, have failed miserably. The outcomes of other endeavors, specifically Iraq and Afghanistan, are still undetermined. When looking at the various outco

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Rodionova, I. A. "REGIONS AND COUNTRIES - LEADERS OF MODERN WORLD TRADE: WHAT'S NEW?" International Trade and Trade Policy 9, no. 2 (2023): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2023-2-113-125.

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This article analyzes the main parameters of world trade in goods and services by aggregated export and import items, by regions of the world and leading countries. As a result of the changing geopolitical situation in the world, when developing countries are trying to change the old world order (with the hegemony of Western countries over the United States), the conditions of world trade and the share of certain countries in global export and import indicators are changing. The analysis of world trade is based on statistical data from the UN, WTO and other international organizations. The cha

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Friedrichs, D. A., U. Buntgen, D. C. Frank, J. Esper, B. Neuwirth, and J. Loffler. "Complex climate controls on 20th century oak growth in Central-West Germany." Tree Physiology 29, no. 1 (2008): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpn003.

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Blaurock, Katharina, Burkhard Beudert, and Luisa Hopp. "Hydrological controls on temporal contributions of three nested forested subcatchments to the export of dissolved organic carbon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 29, no. 11 (2025): 2377–91. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2377-2025.

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Abstract. Assessing the export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from terrestrial systems into inland waters reliably is of vital importance to understand the global carbon cycle in detail. In this context, hydrological connectivity within catchments is the prerequisite for transport processes from terrestrial systems into inland waters. Using high-frequency measurements of DOC concentrations via ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectrometry, we quantified the DOC export at the outlets of three nested forested subcatchments within a 3.5 km2 headwater catchment in the Bavarian Forest National Park

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Broadman, Harry G., and Chaouki Abdallah. "G7: Balance security and collaboration." Science 376, no. 6599 (2022): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.add3956.

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Increased government scrutiny of cross-border university research relationships, tightened export controls on technologies, and strengthened national regimes regulating technology-related foreign direct investment are now priorities for most democracies. These policy changes are motivated by the common goal of shoring up economic and national security. But the approaches are neither uniform nor harmonized, even among the relatively homogeneous G7 nations, undermining cross-border research and development (R&D) collaboration. When the leaders of G7 meet in late June in Schloss Elmau, German

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Carlin, Wendy, and David Soskice. "Shocks to the System: the German Political Economy Under Stress." National Institute Economic Review 159 (January 1997): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019715900104.

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The German economy is recovering hesitantly from the sharp post-unification boom and recession. Two features of recent West German performance are novel: there has been an unprecedented loss of jobs in industry, and manufacturing profitability has been pushed to its lowest level ever and is now low relative to other OECD economies. Serious problems with labour costs and innovation would be expected to show up in a weakening in the trend of export performance. That this has not yet happened is the consequence of the existence of an apparently robust innovation system which enables companies to

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KRASNOZHENOVA, ELENA E. "THE OCCUPANTS AND THE POPULATION OF NORTH-WEST RUSSIA DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." CASPIAN REGION: Politics, Economics, Culture 66, no. 1 (2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-510x-2021-66-1-016-023.

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The war of Germany against the USSR was based on the idea of expanding the "living space" of the German nation, capable of using the resources of the occupied territories of the Soviet republics for the benefit of its own development. The population of the countries destined for conquest must feed the German economy with man power resources, the natural reserves of their former territories will provide the economic needs of the German army and the entire German people. The most important tool for the economic use of the occupied territories was the tax system, the export of production equipmen

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Gross, Stephen. "The German Economy and East-Central Europe: The Development of Intra-Industry Trade from Ostpolitik to the Present." German Politics and Society 31, no. 3 (2013): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2013.310305.

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Over the past decade Germany has had one of the most successfuleconomies in the developed world. Despite the ongoing Euro crisis unemploymenthas fallen below 7 percent, reaching its lowest levels since Germanreunification in 1990. Germany’s youth unemployment is among thelowest in Europe, far beneath the European average.1 One of the mostimportant engines of the German economy today, and in fact throughoutthe twentieth and twenty-first centuries, has been its export sector. As LudwigErhard, West Germany’s Economics Minister during the Wirtschaftswunderof the 1950s remarked: “foreign trade is q

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Grünbacher, A. "Profits and Cold War - Politically Motivated Export Finance in West Germany during the 1950s: Two Case Studies." German Politics 10, no. 3 (2001): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644000412331307444.

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Shin, I. K. C. "The Situation and the Problems of Hazardous Waste Treatment in Germany." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 1-2 (1992): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0383.

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Yearly 4 900 000 tons of hazardous waste are generated in West Germany. The Germany Waste Disposal Act regulates not only the import and the export, but also the transit of wastes. Also avoidance of waste generation and recycling of wastes are emphasized by the act. To reduce waste amounts the collected wastes are treated preliminarily by chemical, physical and biological methods. 740 000 tons of hazardous waste are combusted annually in 27 incineration plants. 18 additional incineration plants are planned. Disposal of diluted acids in the North Sea was completely stopped by the end of 1989. C

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Sarkar, Jayita. "U.S. Policy to Curb West European Nuclear Exports, 1974–1978." Journal of Cold War Studies 21, no. 2 (2019): 110–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00877.

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After India's detonation of a nuclear explosive in 1974 publicly demonstrated the proliferation risks from nuclear assistance, the U.S. government increased its efforts to control nuclear exports worldwide. In doing so, U.S. policymakers faced challenges from two major West European allies, France and West Germany, both of which pursued their commercial interests through nuclear exports to countries such as Pakistan, Brazil, Iran, and India, among others. Despite multilateral efforts including the formation of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and bilateral negotiations with the supplier governments

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Weber, Klaus. "Zivilisationskritik als Export-, Import- und Re-Exportgut. Antiwestliche Ideologien zwischen dem Kaiserreich und dem spätosmanischen und ostasiatischen Raum." Zeitschrift für Weltgeschichte 23, no. 1 (2022): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/zwg0120225.

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Man kann ein kleines Regal füllen mit den Arbeiten, die seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs zur politischen, kulturellen und nicht zuletzt geographischen Verortung Deutschlands zwischen Ost und West erschienen sind. Dabei fällt auf, dass die Verortung in diesen Beiträgen fast ausschließlich in Bezug auf den ,,Westen“ diskutiert wird, und dass sie sich fast ausschließlich auf die Debatte in der Bundesrepublik bezieht. Der 1990 erfolgte Beitritt des östlicheren Deutschland zur Bundesrepublik hat der Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage freilich nochmals Konjunktur beschert. Aber sowohl für die Bonner R

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Schnaus, Julia. "Das leise Sterben einer Branche – Der Niedergang der westdeutschen Bekleidungsindustrie in den 1960er/70er Jahren." Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 62, no. 1 (2017): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2017-0002.

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AbstractUnnoticed Disappearance – The Decline of the West-German Clothing Industry in the 1960s/70sIn the beginning of the 20th century the German clothing industry used to be a considerable producer of consumer goods, manufacturing clothes for both home and export market. In the 1960s and 70s this branch of the German industry began to decline, mainly due to the pay gap between the labor costs in Germany and low-wage-countries located in Eastern Europe and Asia. In response to this development bigger German companies outsourced their production abroad to save labor costs. Smaller companies of

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Plumb, James. "‘Back to the Future' A review of Australian reservation and other natural gas export control policies." APPEA Journal 59, no. 2 (2019): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18282.

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Despite record levels of domestic production, forecasters are predicting that the east coast Australian gas market will remain tight in 2019. The introduction of the Australian Domestic Gas Security Mechanism (ADGSM) by the Federal Government in 2017, and the proposal announced by the Australian Labour Party (ALP) to bolster the mechanism, have again thrust the issue of political intervention in the export gas market into sharp focus. This paper provides an overview of the current regulatory intervention at the state and federal level, and looks back at the history of controls imposed upon the

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Klimiuk, Zbigniew. "Germany’s Economic Growth In 1950–60 and the Problem of the Country’s Balance of Payments Sustainability." Internal Security 13, no. 1 (2021): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2899.

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The 1950s in Germany, especially the period 1953–1958, were later recognised as the ‘golden years of the post-war period’. By the end of this period, most of the war damage had been removed and the economy was in a state of dynamic growth. In the period 1949–59, the average real GDP growth rate was about 7.4% with an average investment rate of 24.2% (in current prices). In the years (1950–53), a massive housing construction programme was carried out that was financed almost in half from public funds. Germany’s economic growth in 1950–60 mainly influenced by investment activities and the growth

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Ruiz-Villanueva, V., M. Borga, D. Zoccatelli, L. Marchi, E. Gaume, and U. Ehret. "Extreme flood response to short-duration convective rainfall in South-West Germany." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 5 (2012): 1543–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1543-2012.

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Abstract. The 2 June 2008 flood-producing storm on the Starzel river basin in South-West Germany is examined as a prototype for organized convective systems that dominate the upper tail of the precipitation frequency distribution and are likely responsible for the flash flood peaks in Central Europe. The availability of high-resolution rainfall estimates from radar observations and a rain gauge network, together with indirect peak discharge estimates from a detailed post-event survey, provided the opportunity to study in detail the hydrometeorological and hydrological mechanisms associated wit

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Silvia, Stephen J. "A Silver Age? The German Economy since Reunification." German Politics and Society 37, no. 4 (2019): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2019.370407.

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Since German unification, assessments of the German economy have swung from “sick man of the euro” in the early years to dominant hegemon of late. I argue that the German economy appears strong because of its recent positive performance in two politically salient areas: unemployment and the current account. A deeper assessment reveals, however, that German economic performance cannot be considered a second economic miracle, but is at best a mini miracle. The reduction in unemployment is an important achievement. That said, it was not the product of faster growth, but of sharing the same volume

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Trunov, Philipp O. "Germany and «Libyan problem» during 2010-s." Asia and Africa Today, no. 9 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750014942-8.

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Germany has been growing political and military activity in Northern Africa and Sahel region by the mid 2010s. FRG and its EU partners faced the great number of instability risks which are projected from zones of armed conflicts located in northern part of Africa. The key elements of the corridor of instability which has connected the fragile states in Sahel and Northern Africa were the «Libyan door» (the upper part) and «Malian gates» (the lower one). But in the 2010s FRG faced the absence of opportunities for itself to be directly involved in the resolution of «Libyan problem». That is why i

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Hitchcock, Garrick. "Cross-border trade in Saratoga fingerlings from the Bensbach River, south-west Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060218.

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Saratoga Scleropages jardinii (Saville-Kent 1892) is a popular aquarium and sportsfish native to southern New Guinea and northern Australia. In recent years the people of the Bensbach River area in Papua New Guinea's Western Province have been harvesting wild fingerlings for sale across the nearby international border in Indonesia's Papua Province. From there the fish are sold to dealers in other parts of Asia. The species is protected by law in Indonesia, and subject to various regulations in Australia. In Papua New Guinea there are no controls on its exploitation. Uncontrolled harvesting of

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Handl, Vladimír. "German Multilateralism and Relations among the Visegrad group countries." Czech Journal of International Relations 38, no. 1 (2003): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32422/cjir.979.

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German policy has experienced dynamic development and significant elements of change since the country's unification, mainly in the area of security and integration policy. However, German policy has been still defined to a great extent by its internal "institutional pluralism" (Bulmer, Paterson, Jeffery). The "pragmatization" of German integration policy (Schmalz) does not mean rejection of principal orientation on multilateralism. German policy towards the Visegrad group countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia) has focused mainly on normalisation of mutual relations and t

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Holm, Kyrre. "Europeanising Export Controls: The Impact of the European Union Code of Conduct on Arms Exports in Belgium, Germany and Italy." European Security 15, no. 2 (2006): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09662830600903793.

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van Criekinge, Jan. "Historisch Overzicht van de Spoorwegen in West-Afrika." Afrika Focus 5, no. 3-4 (1989): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0050304003.

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Historical Survey of the Railway Development in West Africa The present day railway system in West Africa is the result of the transport-policy developed by the colonial powers (France, Great Britain and Germany) at the end of the 19th century. It is remarkable that no network of railways, like in Southern Africa, was brought about. The colonial railways in West Africa were built by the State or by a joint-stock company within the borders of one colony to export the raw materials from the production centres to the harbours. Nevertheless railways were built for more than economical grounds only

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Goggin, Denys. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOTAL HAZARD CONTROL PLAN FOR AN LNG SITE." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90039.

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Australia's North West Shelf Project is based on the development of major gas reserves discovered in the early 1970s in deep water some 130 km off the coast from Dampier, Western Australia.The project was developed in two phases. The Domestic Gas Phase, completed in 1984, supplies pipeline gas to the State Energy Commission of Western Australia for distribution in the south-west of the State. The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Phase involves the export of LNG to eight Japanese power and gas utilities under 20-year Sale and Purchase Agreements. The production and export of LNG commenced in 1989.A

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Van der Pijl, Kees. "The BRICS—An Involuntary Contender Bloc Under Attack." Estudos Internacionais: revista de relações internacionais da PUC Minas 5, no. 1 (2017): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2317-773x.2017v5n1p25.

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In this piece I look at the BRICS bloc (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) as rivals of the West, united more by circumstance than by intent. It emerged as a seemingly innocuous banker’s gimmick referring to the ‘emerging market’ potential of the countries thus thrown together, but due to the aggressive Western response to independent policies, the BRICS have slowly moved towards solidifying their cohesion. Comprising half the world’s population, the bloc on the eve of the financial crisis of 2008 was closing in on the West. In Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms, China’s GDP was

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Wallace, Robert G., Richard Kock, Luke Bergmann, et al. "Did Neoliberalizing West African Forests Produce a New Niche for Ebola?" International Journal of Health Services 46, no. 1 (2016): 149–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13530762.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A recent study introduced a vaccine that controls Ebola Makona, the Zaire ebolavirus variant that has infected 28,000 people in West Africa. We propose that even such successful advances are insufficient for many emergent diseases. We review work hypothesizing that Makona, phenotypically similar to much smaller outbreaks, emerged out of shifts in land use brought about by neoliberal economics. The epidemiological consequences demand a new science that explicitly addresses the foundational processes underlying multispecies health, including the

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Wallace, Robert G., Richard Kock, Luke Bergmann, et al. "Did Neoliberalizing West African Forests Produce a New Niche for Ebola?" International Journal of Health Services 46, no. 1 (2016): 149–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13530762.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) A recent study introduced a vaccine that controls Ebola Makona, the Zaire ebolavirus variant that has infected 28,000 people in West Africa. We propose that even such successful advances are insufficient for many emergent diseases. We review work hypothesizing that Makona, phenotypically similar to much smaller outbreaks, emerged out of shifts in land use brought about by neoliberal economics. The epidemiological consequences demand a new science that explicitly addresses the foundational processes underlying multispecies health, including the

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Blaurock, Katharina, Burkhard Beudert, Benjamin S. Gilfedder, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Stefan Peiffer, and Luisa Hopp. "Low hydrological connectivity after summer drought inhibits DOC export in a forested headwater catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 9 (2021): 5133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021.

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Abstract. Understanding the controls on event-driven dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export is crucial as DOC is an important link between the terrestrial and the aquatic carbon cycles. We hypothesized that topography is a key driver of DOC export in headwater catchments because it influences hydrological connectivity, which can inhibit or facilitate DOC mobilization. To test this hypothesis, we studied the mechanisms controlling DOC mobilization and export in the Große Ohe catchment, a forested headwater in a mid-elevation mountainous region in southeastern Germany. Discharge and stream DOC co

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WINTER, C. H., S. O. BROCKMANN, I. PIECHOTOWSKI, et al. "Survey and case-control study during epidemics of Puumala virus infection." Epidemiology and Infection 137, no. 10 (2009): 1479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809002271.

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SUMMARYIn Baden-Wuerttemberg, a federal state in south-west Germany, a large outbreak of 1089 laboratory-confirmed human Puumala virus (PUUV) infections occurred in 2007. We conducted a survey to describe the disease burden and a case-control study to identify risk factors for acquiring PUUV. Case-patients were interviewed about clinical outcome and both case-patients and randomly recruited controls were interviewed about exposure. We calculated matched odds ratios (mOR) using a conditional logistic regression model. Multivariable analysis of 191 matched case-control pairs showed that case-pat

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Yago, Kazuhiko. "Before the ‘locomotive’ runs: the impact of the 1973–1974 oil shock on Japan and the international financial system." Financial History Review 27, no. 3 (2020): 418–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565020000177.

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This article offers a Japanese perspective on the debate about the international financial system immediately after the first oil shock of 1973–4. Using archival records from the OECD and Bank of Japan, I analyze the three key policy issues discussed at the meetings of Working Party 3 (WP3) of the OECD: petrodollar recycling, balance-of-payments adjustments, and the management of global growth. Documents show that the Japanese approach to capital controls, exchange rate management, state-led growth orientation and international banking strategies was rather strengthened by the impact of the oi

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CHRISTY, CAROL A. "American and German Trends in Sex Differences in Political Participation." Comparative Political Studies 18, no. 1 (1985): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414085018001004.

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This study examines the impact of economic development and generational turnover on trends in sex differences in political participation. Election studies of the United States and West Germany are the sources of the trend data, which cover the period between 1952-1953 and 1980. Controls are imposed for increased education levels, the decreased preponderance of rural residents and farming families, and the replacement of older generations by younger ones. The results show that these socioeconomic processes have had a negligible impact on the sex difference trends. Furthermore, these socioeconom

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Karapin, Roger. "Protest and Reform in Asylum Policy: Citizen Initiatives versus Asylum Seekers in German Municipalities, 1989-1994." German Politics and Society 21, no. 2 (2003): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503003782353493.

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Many writers have argued that anti-immigration politics in Germanyand other West European countries have been driven by radical-rightparties or the electoral maneuvering of national politiciansfrom established parties. Others have argued that waves of violenceagainst immigrants and ethnic minorities have spurred anti-immigrationpolitics, or that racist ideologies and socioeconomic inequalityare the root causes. By comparison, authors have paid relatively littleattention to anti-immigration mobilization at subnational levels,including the public positions taken by subnational politicians andthe

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Bergmann, Felicitas, Dominik Fischer, Luisa Fischer, et al. "Vaccination of Zoo Birds against West Nile Virus—A Field Study." Vaccines 11, no. 3 (2023): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11030652.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is known to cause disease and death in humans and various animals worldwide. WNV has circulated in Germany since 2018. In 2020, four birds tested positive for the WNV genome at Zoopark Erfurt (Thuringia). Moreover, virus neutralization assays detected neutralizing antibodies (nAb) against WNV in 28 birds. In addition, nAb against WNV and Usutu virus (USUV) were found in 14 birds. To protect valuable animals and to reduce the risk of viral transmission from birds to humans, we performed a field study on WNV vaccination at the zoo. To conduct the study, 61 birds from the zo

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Mustafa, Khalid, and Mohammed Nishat. "Volatility of Exchange Rate and Export Growth in Pakistan: The Structure and Interdependence in Regional Markets." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 4II (2004): 813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i4iipp.813-828.

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Pakistan follows the flexible exchange rate system since July 2000. Prior to this period it followed a managed floating exchange rate since 1982 and a fixed rate prior to 1982. Due to controlled exchange rate a little fluctuation in exchange rate was observed. It is empirical concluded that the Pakistan’s share of exports in world market did not indicate any significant change during fixed and managed floating exchange rate regimes [Kumar and Dhawan (1991)]. Pakistan’s share in world exports was stable during the last 24 years, ranging between a minimum of 0.12 percent in 1980 and a maximum of

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KIST, M. J., and S. FREITAG. "Serovar specific risk factors and clinical features of Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Enteritidis: a study in South-West Germany." Epidemiology and Infection 124, no. 3 (2000): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268899003933.

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Human salmonellosis in Germany has been an increasing problem since the 1980s, with a peak of 195000 reported cases in 1992. During the peak years, isolates of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) predominated by far over other salmonella serovars (NSE) (80 vs. 20%). In a comparison of the clinical characteristics of 790 persons infected with SE to 175 persons infected with NSE, watery diarrhoea (OR 1·7) and high grade (> 39 °C) fever (OR 1·8) were independently associated with SE infection. When comparing possible risk factors for acquiring salmonella infection among patients with SE compared to th

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Wendland, F., R. Kunkel, A. Grimvall, B. Kronvang, and D. I. Müller-Wohlfeil. "Model system for the management of nitrogen leaching at the scale of river basins and regions." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 7 (2001): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0428.

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In the framework of the EU-project RANR (Regional analysis of subsurface nitrogen retention and its impact on the nitrogen export from land to sea) a model system was developed to estimate groundwater-borne nitrogen inputs into river systems. The core of this model system is composed of a soil nitrogen leaching model (SOIL-N) and a groundwater residence time/denitrification model (WEKU). The application of the model system was carried out for the study catchment areas of the Uecker basin (ca. 2400 km2, Germany) and the Gjern basin (ca. 200 km2, Denmark). For both catchment areas, the modelled

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Franklin, H. R., H. Schraffordt Koops, J. Oldhoff, et al. "To perfuse or not to perfuse? A retrospective comparative study to evaluate the effect of adjuvant isolated regional perfusion in patients with stage I extremity melanoma with a thickness of 1.5 mm or greater." Journal of Clinical Oncology 6, no. 4 (1988): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1988.6.4.701.

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The use of isolated regional perfusion in an adjuvant setting for stage I melanoma of the extremity continues to be controversial. The present retrospective study evaluates the past 20 years' experience by comparing 227 perfused patients from Groningen with 238 matched controls from five hospitals in The Netherlands and Westphalia (a region of West Germany bordering the Netherlands). All patients underwent wide local excision for a primary extremity melanoma of 1.5 mm or greater in thickness. A proportional hazards regression analysis for recurrence of disease and survival identified the signi

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Ganji Kheybari, Abolfazl, Tim Steiner, Steven Liu, and Sabine Hoffmann. "Controlling Switchable Electrochromic Glazing for Energy Savings, Visual Comfort and Thermal Comfort: A Model Predictive Control." CivilEng 2, no. 4 (2021): 1019–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/civileng2040055.

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Dynamic façades play an important role in enhancing the overall performance of buildings: they respond to the environmental conditions and adjust the amount of transmitted solar radiation. This paper proposes a simulation-based framework to evaluate the energy and comfort performance of different control strategies for switchable electrochromic glazing (EC). The presented method shows the impact of a model predictive control (MPC) on energy savings and on visual and thermal comfort for different orientations compared to other strategies. Besides manual operation and conventional rule-based con

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Gherghina, Sergiu, and Huan-Kai Tseng. "Voting home or abroad? Comparing migrants' electoral participation in countries of origin and of residence." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 3 (2016): 456–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1132690.

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The political participation of immigrants has received increased scholarly attention over recent decades. However, comparisons between the electoral behavior of immigrants in their countries of origin and of residence are still limited. This article addresses this gap in the literature and seeks to identify the determinants of Romanian immigrants' electoral participation in the local elections of four West European countries (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) as compared to their turnout in their home country's legislative elections. Looking through the lenses of exposure theory, we hypothesi

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Zapototskyi, S., and V. Parenyuk. "Transport logistics: main challenges for Ukraine." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 65 (2016): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2016.65.9.

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In the article the author has analyzed the general principles of transport logistics in Ukraine. The main factors that determine the logistical activities and which have an influence on the choice of the mode of transport have been determined. The transportation of cargo by mode of transport was analysed, and outlined a place of road transport. In this paper conducted analytical studies to determine the sectoral structure of export of Ukraine’s regions to neighboring countries by automobile transport by means of transportation and information portal Ukraine “Lardi-trans”. According to the stud

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Jakiyah, Ulpah, Lukman M. Baga, and Netti Tinaprilla. "DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP USAHA TANI BERAS ORGANIK DI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 10, no. 1 (2016): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v10i1.34.

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Salah satu kebijakan Menteri Pertanian berkenaan dengan ekspor dan impor beras adalah peningkatan ekspor jenis beras khusus, seperti beras organik. Permintaan pasar global beras organik semakin meningkat, tetapi Indonesia menghadapi pesaing seperti Thailand dan Vietnam. Meskipun demikian, petani beras organik di Provinsi Jawa Barat menunjukkan kemampuan daya saingnya dengan keberhasilannya melakukan ekspor ke negara Amerika Serikat, Jerman, Malaysia, Singapura, Belanda, Italia, dan Dubai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing beras organik, dan mengidentifikasi dampak kebijakan peme

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Liu, Ruiqi, Paul Kuper, Thomas Grombein, Christoph Naab, Mulhim Al-Doori, and Martin Breunig. "Towards Integrated Data Management and Analysis for Spatio-Temporal Digital Terrain Models." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-G-2025 (July 11, 2025): 543–50. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-g-2025-543-2025.

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Abstract. Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are still one of the most emerging products derived from remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR. A DTM usually is defined as the current digital representation of the earth´s surface. However, due to natural events and human influences the earth's surface is constantly changing. Therefore, the ability to analyse DTM data over time allows to understand and quantify changes, which are crucial for environmental monitoring, disaster management and urban planning. In this paper we introduce a GeoDBMS-based approach to manage, sustainably provide, analyse a

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Solanki, Jayesh Dalpatbhai, Sunil J. Panjwani, Ravi Kanubhai Patel, Devanshi Nishantbhai Bhatt, Param Jagdeep Kakadia, and Chinmay J. Shah. "Assessment of Arterial Stiffness, Brachial Haemodynamics, and Central Haemodynamics in Diabetic Hypertensives: A Pulse Wave Analysis-Based Case-Control Study from an Urban Area of West India." Pulse 9, no. 3-4 (2021): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519357.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Hypertension (HTN) and diabetes frequently coexist, imposing significant cardiovascular risk that is normally studied in terms of brachial blood pressure (bBP). Direct and superior parameters like central haemodynamics and arterial stiffness are studied scarcely. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) offers a non-invasive measurement of the same that we studied in diabetic hypertensives. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> We conducted a case-control study on 333 treated diabetic hypertensive cases and 333 euglycaemic normotensiv

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Farmakis, Eleftherios Terry R., Franziska Beer, Ioannis Tzoutzas, et al. "Influence of Laser Irradiation Settings, during Diode-Assisted Endodontics, on the Intraradicular Adhesion of Self-Etch and Self-Curing Luting Cement during Restoration—An Ex Vivo Study." Materials 15, no. 7 (2022): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15072531.

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Background: Diode-assisted endodontics is nowadays utilized for pulp space disinfection, but little is known on the bonding potential of this lased root dentin when the tooth is restored with an intracanal polymer post. Objectives: to investigate the influence of diode laser irradiation settings, in laser-assisted endodontics, on the intraradicular bonding of composite materials. Methods: Sixteen two-rooted, maxillary first premolars were collected, prepared up to F4 (Protaper Universal. Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and randomly assigned in two groups: group A (chopped mode or

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Schepanski, Kerstin, Bernd Heinold, and Ina Tegen. "Harmattan, Saharan heat low, and West African monsoon circulation: modulations on the Saharan dust outflow towards the North Atlantic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (2017): 10223–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10223-2017.

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Abstract. The outflow of dust from the northern African continent towards the North Atlantic is stimulated by the atmospheric circulation over North Africa, which modulates the spatio-temporal distribution of dust source activation and consequently the entrainment of mineral dust into the boundary layer, as well as the transport of dust out of the source regions. The atmospheric circulation over the North African dust source regions, predominantly the Sahara and the Sahel, is characterized by three major circulation regimes: (1) the harmattan (trade winds), (2) the Saharan heat low (SHL), and

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von Aderkas, P. "The edible fiddlehead—Matteuccia struthiopteris (Ostrich fern)." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 86 (1985): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000008071.

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SynopsisMatteuccia struthiopteris is distributed throughout most of the boreal region of the northern hemisphere. It has been variously recorded as a vermifuge and an ingredient in beer manufacture as well as a food. Young leaves, alternatively known as croziers or fiddleheads, are picked before they have unfurled and are boiled or steamed and served as a hot vegetable. The market, between Malecite indian and colonists, developed in the Fredericton area of New Brunswick 200 years ago, following a particularly severe winter. The newly arrived United Empire Loyalists, having emigrated from the U

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CHORNII, Viktoriia. "WAYS OF REVIVAL OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD TAKING INTO ACCOUNT WORLDWIDE EXPERIENCE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 312, no. 6(2) (2022): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-312-6(2)-37.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the current state of development of the economy of Ukraine. A review and assessment of the economic recovery of countries after military aggression was carried out. The key points in the formation of the recovery policy were highlighted on the example of the countries that were being rebuilt according to the Marshall Plan. The main directions of post-war recovery of countries such as Israel, South Korea, Japan, Italy, and West Germany were analyzed in detail and highlighted. It was established that, taking into account the fact that Ukraine has a power

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Butkus, Zenonas. "The Communist Revolt in Tallinn on the 1st of December 1924 and its Diplomatic Cover-Up." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 43 (August 8, 2019): 22–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2019.43.2.

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This article, based on the archives stored in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Russia and some recently published documents, investigates the coup attempted by the Soviets on December 1, 1924 in Tallinn and evaluates its consequences within the broad context of international relations. During the research, it was established that an attempt to stage a coup in Estonia had been undertaken both by the Estonian communists and the USSR leadership, which had the highest political body – the Politburo – and the Comintern, a self-crafted tool set up for spreading the communist movement around the world

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