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Li, Nan. « Using the probabilistic fertility table to test the statistical significance of fertility trends ». Canadian Studies in Population 43, no 3-4 (20 décembre 2016) : 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6fp4f.
At below replacement level, fertility changes are subtle and complex; distinguishing statistically significant trends from random shifts is becoming a relevant issue. The probabilistic fertility table describes the uncertainty of the childbearing process, and provides a significance test for the annual changes of various fertility measures, which is essential for distinguishing a statistically significant change from a random fluctuation. This paper provides an analytical model for the total fertility of the probabilistic fertility table, and extends the significance test to period trends that include multiple annual changes. The extended significance test indicates that complex annual changes could accumulate to become a significant trend. Applying the analytical model and extended test to the total fertility of Canada, it indicates that the 2002–11 increase trend is statistically significant and, therefore, supports project future increases of total fertility.En-dessous du seuil de remplacement des générations, les changements à la fertilité sont subtils et complexes. Aussi, il est devenu pertinent de pouvoir distinguer les tendances significatives au plan statistique des écarts aléatoires. Le tableau probabiliste de fertilité décrit l’incertitude liée au processus de reproduction et fournit un critère de signification des changements annuels dans les diverses mesures de fertilité, élément essentiel pour distinguer un changement important au plan statistique des fluctuations aléatoires. Cet article fournit un modèle analytique pour l’ensemble du tableau probabiliste de fertilité et élargit la portée de cette mesure aux tendances dans le temps incluant les multiples changements annuels. Ce critère élargi indique que les changements complexes annuels peuvent représenter une tendance significative. En appliquant le modèle analytique et le critère au tableau de fertilité du Canada, on constate que la tendance à la hausse de 2002–11 est importante au plan statistique et, par conséquent, augure des hausses futures dans la fertilité totale.
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Niermann, Hans, et Hans Schulz. « Fertilität und Trauma/ Fertility and Trauma ». Andrologia 5, no 2 (24 avril 2009) : 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0272.1973.tb00353.x.
Ekawati, Rindang, Rina Herartri, Nuraini Nuraini, Laili Rahayuwati et Sukamdi Sukamdi. « Fertilitas Migran dan Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Fertilitas di Jawa Barat ». Populasi 25, no 2 (6 juin 2018) : 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.36203.
Migrasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi dinamika penduduk, baik melalui jumlah migran maupun fertilitas migran. Jumlah migrasi yang besar ke Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu penyebab peningkatan jumlah penduduk yang cukup besar. Jika migran memiliki fertilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nonmigran, maka pengaruh tersebut akan lebih besar lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perbedaan fertilitas antara migran dan nonmigran serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi fertilitas di Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2015. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kecenderungan migran memiliki fertilitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nonmigran. Sementara itu, faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh terhadap fertilitas adalah pendidikan, usia kawin pertama, penggunaan alat kontrasepsi, dan kegiatan utama (pekerjaan). Migration is one of the factors that influences the dynamics of population, both through the number of migrants and the fertility of migrants. The large number of migrants to West Java Province is one of the causes of a considerable increase in population. If migrants have higher fertility than non-migrants, the effect will be even greater. This study aims to examine the difference of fertility between migrants and non-migrants as well as factors affecting fertility in West Java. The data used is 2015 National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas). The analysis is done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that there is a tendency for migrants to have higher fertility compared with non-migrants while the socio-economic factors that have an effect on fertility are education, first marriage age, use of contraceptives, and main activities (work).
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Bracher, Michael, et Gigi Santow. « Fertility desires and fertility outcomes ». Journal of the Australian Population Association 8, no 1 (mai 1991) : 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03029554.
Tan, Seang Lin. « Fertility ». Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no 3 (juin 1996) : 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199606000-00001.
Sondheimer, Steven J. « Fertility ». Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no 3 (juin 1997) : 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199706000-00001.
Sondheimer, Steven J. « Fertility ». Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynaecology 10, no 3 (juin 1998) : 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-199806000-00006.
Greece is typical of the European experience vis-a-vis fertility decline. Its total fertility rates (TFR) fell below the population replacement level of 2.1 in 1981 and now remains at 1.3. A review of the fertility policy debates in Europe and in Greece, in particular, reveals that policy debates and discourses are biased with unfounded assumptions and judgements regarding causes and consequences of fertility decline. A review of existing literature and the researcher's own empirical work presents sufficient evidence to support this conclusion. In addition, a comparison of such political and institutional perspectives with the fertility experiences and perspectives of a sample population in Greece finds that the institutional perspectives are not always adequately informed of the ground realities. It is therefore concluded that significant informational gaps are present in Greek fertility policy debates. It is also theorised that such knowledge vacuums are one of the reasons why policy initiatives fail to deliver.
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Boadu, Kwame Annor. « War and fertility ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22516.pdf.
A Masters Thesis, presented as part of the requirements for the award of a Research Masters Degree in Economics from NOVA – School of Business and Economics This research is an empirical assessment of the causal relationship between democracy and birth rates. The question under study is whether a country is more likely to experience fertility declines as it becomes more democratic, holding the other country's characteristics constant. This study goes beyond the existing literature to establish a causal relationship between democratization and fertility declines. To establish a causal relation we adopt two complementary strategies. The first is to include country fixed effects in the estimation and
the second is to use an instrumental variables approach. The results suggest a robust negative causal relationship between democracy and birth rates. We interpret the effect of political rights on fertility as stemming from a decrease in overall societal risk, which diminishes as political institutions mature.
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Altankhuyag, Gereltuya. « Fertility analysis of Mongolia : fertility transition and its determinants in 1960-1998 ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423566.
Zeman, Krystof, Eva Beaujouan, Zuzanna Brzozowska et Tomás Sobotka. « Cohort fertility decline in low fertility countries : Decomposition using parity progression ratios ». Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/DemRes.2018.38.25.
BACKGROUND: The long-term decline in cohort fertility in highly developed countries has been widely documented. However, no systematic analysis has investigated which parity contributed most to the fertility decline to low and very low levels.
Objective: We examine how the contribution of changing parity progression ratios varied across cohorts, countries, and broader regions in Europe, North America, Australia, and East Asia. We pay special attention to countries that reached very low completed cohort fertility, below 1.75 children per woman.
Methods: Using population censuses and large-scale surveys for 32 low fertility countries, we decompose the change in completed cohort fertility among women born between 1940 and 1970. The decomposition method takes into account the sequential nature of childbearing as a chain of transitions from lower to higher parities.
Results: Among women born between 1940 and 1955, the fertility decline was mostly driven by reductions in the progression ratios to third and higher-order births. By contrast, among women born between 1955 and 1970, changes in fertility showed distinct regional patterns: In Central and Eastern Europe they were fuelled by falling second-birth rates, whereas in the German-speaking countries, Southern Europe, and East Asia decreases in first-birth rates played the major role.
Conclusions: Pathways to low and very low fertility show distinct geographical patterns, which reflect the diversity of the cultural, socioeconomic, and institutional settings of low fertility countries.
Contribution: Our study highlights the importance of analysing parity-specific components of fertility in order to understand fertility change and variation. We demonstrate that similar low levels of completed cohort fertility can result from different combinations of parity-specific fertility rates.
Preservation of female fertility is an important issue today. There are a few effective clinical options for preserving female fertility. Conventional IVF followed by embryo cryopreservation is the only established procedure but is not applicable to all women. Oocyte cryopreservation avoids the ethical and moral concerns related to cryopreservation of embryos but conventional slow freezing methods are associated with low survival rate of oocytes. The main objective of this translational research thesis was to develop an efficient and safe methodology for oocyte cryopreservation that is clinically applicable for female fertility preservation. Specific research objectives were to investigate cryobiology of oocytes in terms of: 1) cryoprotectant (CPA) toxicity effect on oocyte ultra-structures and embryonic developmental potential; 2) Vitrification versus conventional slow freezing of oocytes and their effects of oocyte structures and embryonic developmental potential; 3) Vitrification of embryos using the McGill Cryoleaf and its effect of embryonic development and DNA fragmentation; 4) Clinical efficacy of oocyte vitrification in prospective clinical trials; 5) Effects of oocyte vitrification in terms of the clinical obstetrical and perinatal outcomes; 6) Clinical applications of vitrification of oocytes for preservation of female fertility. The CPA mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (PROH) was found to be the most suitable combination for oocyte vitrification, resulting in high embryo development and the least DNA fragmentation. Vitrification of oocyte using the CPA mixture of EG and PROH in combination with the McGill Cryoleaf system is superior to the conventional slow-cooling method, resulting in better preservation of egg ultra-structures and functions. The reduced embryonic development potential of cryopreserved oocyte is related to increased DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase enzymes. Vitrification of human oocytes using the McG Préservation de la fécondité est un sujet important à ce jour. Il y a peu de traitements effectifs pour préserver la fécondité des femmes. La fécondation in vitro (FIV) conventionnelle suivie par la cryoconservation des embryons est la seule procédure bien établie. Cependant, celle-ci n'est pas possible pour certaines femmes. La cryopréservation des ovocytes évite les problèmes éthiques et moraux reliés à la cryoconservation des embryons. Cependant, les méthodes de congélation lente sont associées à des taux de survie des ovocytes faible. Les objectifs principaux de cette thèse de recherche translationnelle était de développer une méthode efficace et sécuritaire pour la cryopréservation des ovocytes qui est cliniquement applicable pour la préservation de la fécondité des femmes. Les objectifs spécifiques de cette recherche étaient d'étudier la cryobiologie des ovocytes à propos de : 1) l'effet toxique du cryoprotectant sur l'ultra-structures des ovocytes et le potentiel de développement des embryons; 2) la vitrification versus la congélation lente des ovocytes et leur effets sur la structure des ovocytes et le potentiel de développement embryonnaire; 3) la vitrification des embryons en utilisant le McGill Cryoleaf et son effet sur le développement embryonnaire et la fragmentation de l'ADN; 4) l'efficacité clinique de vitrification des ovocytes dans des études prospectives cliniques; 5) les effets de long terme de vitrification des ovocytes au niveau des résultats obstétriques et périnatals; 6) l'application clinique de vitrification des ovocytes pour la préservation de la fécondité des femmes. Le mélange de CPA de l'éthylène glycol (EG) et de 1-2 propanediol (PROH) a été trouvé d'être la combinaison la plus convenable pour la vitrification des ovocytes en donnant des résultats de développement embryonnaire supérieur et à un taux de fragmentation de l'ADN diminué. La vitrification des ovocytes en utilisant l
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Badenoch, D. F. « Semen analysis and fertility ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375208.
Del, Bono Emilia. « Fertility and economic opportunities ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397080.
This study of Fertility Differentials in Bangladesh is based on a subset of data obtained from the 1983 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. The focus of the study is to identify the variables that significantly affect the cumulative fertility of women in Bangladesh and to examine differentials in fertility.Path analysis has been used for analyzing the data of this thesis. Differentials in fertility are examined in terms of selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the ever married women and their husbands.The study shows that age of women has the highest effect on number of children ever born. Religion has positive and significant direct effects on fertility. Education of women has significant negative effects on fertility. Employment status of women effect fertility negatively in rural Bangladesh. The results of this study also suggest that high fertlity in Bangladesh will persist if immediate action is not taken to halt it. Department of Mathematical Sciences
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Nordqvist, Sarah. « Biological Markers of Fertility ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & ; gynekologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234067.
Infertility affects 15 % of couples, which corresponds to 60 - 80 million worldwide. The microenvironments in which the oocyte, embryo and fetus mature are vital to the establishment and development of a healthy pregnancy. Different biological systems, such as angiogenesis, the immune system and apoptosis need to be adequately regulated for pregnancy to occur and progress normally. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) and Src homology 2 domain-containing adapter protein B (SHB) on human female fertility. HRG is a plasma protein that regulates angiogenesis, the immune system, coagulation/fibrinolysis and apoptosis, by building complexes with various ligands. The impact of HRG on fertility is studied here for the first time. HRG is present in follicular fluid, the Fallopian tube, endometrium, myometrium and placenta. HRG distribution within embryo nuclei depends on developmental stage. Blastocysts express and secrete HRG. The HRG C633T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) appears to affect the chance of pregnancy and, correspondingly, parameters associated with pregnancy in IVF. Additionally, this HRG genotype may increase the risk in IVF of only developing embryos unfit for transfer. SHB is an adaptor protein involved in intracellular signaling complexes that regulate angiogenesis, the immune system and cell proliferation/apoptosis. Shb knockout mice have altered oocyte/follicle maturation and impaired embryogenesis. The impact of three SHB polymorphisms (rs2025439, rs13298451 and rs7873102) on human fertility is studied for the first time. The SNP prevalences did not differ between infertile and fertile women. BMI, gonadotropin dosages, the percentage of immature oocytes, the number of fertilized oocytes, the percentage of good-quality embryos and the day of embryo transfer seems to be affected by SHB genotype. In conclusion, HRG and SHB appear to influence female fertility. They are potential biomarkers that might be used for predicting pregnancy chance in infertile women. Knowledge of these genotypes may improve patient counseling and individualization of treatment.
de Jong, Andries, et Edith Lodewijckx. « Fertility ». Dans European Studies of Population, 59–88. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9512-4_4.
Tranter, N. L. « Fertility ». Dans British Population in the Twentieth Century, 83–125. London : Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24379-2_4.
Sharpton, Amy N. « Fertility ». Dans Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 696–98. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_289.
Delbaere, Ilse, et Jenny Stern. « Fertility ». Dans Preconception Health and Care : A Life Course Approach, 53–79. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31753-9_5.
Smith, Stanley K., Jeff Tayman et David A. Swanson. « Fertility ». Dans A Practitioner's Guide to State and Local Population Projections, 77–101. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7551-0_5.
Yusuf, Farhat, Jo M. Martins et David A. Swanson. « Fertility ». Dans Methods of Demographic Analysis, 97–122. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6784-3_5.
Namboodiri, Krishnan. « Fertility ». Dans The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis, 97–134. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-8994-2_5.
Pol, Louis G., et Richard K. Thomas. « Fertility ». Dans The Demography of Health and Healthcare, 91–112. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8903-8_5.
Puaschunder, Julia M. « Capitalism Crowding out Fertility ». Dans Proceedings of the 10th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (RAIS 2018). Paris, France : Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rais-18.2018.23.
Kato, Hisakazu. « Low Fertility in Taiwan ». Dans MISNC2020&IEMT2020 : The 7th Multidisciplinary in International Social Networks Conference and The 3rd International Conference on Economics, Management and Technology. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429395.3429416.
Bouyou, J., E. Bentivegna, A. Maulard, P. Pautier, C. Genestie, S. Gouy et P. Morice. « P96 Fertility outcome after fertility-sparing surgery of malignant ovarian germ cell tumour ». Dans ESGO Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2019-esgo.157.
Sorbi, Flavia, Emanuele Arturo Fera, Roberto Domenico Cincotta, Fambrini Massimiliano, Irene Ladisa, Chiara Biagiotti, Francesca De Bonis, Rachele Gaddi et Maria Elisabetta Coccia. « 532 Fertility and pregnancy outcomes after fertility-sparing treatment in ovarian cancer patients ». Dans ESGO SoA 2020 Conference Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2020-esgo.149.
Schneider, Hanna, Julia Wayrauther, Mariam Hassib et Andreas Butz. « Communicating Uncertainty in Fertility Prognosis ». Dans CHI '19 : CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300391.
Prasannan, Revathy, et Greeshma Sarath. « IoT based Device for Fertility Monitoring ». Dans 2020 5th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icces48766.2020.9137904.
Moguerza, Javier M., Alberto Olivares, Anastasia Kostaki et Stelios Psarakis. « Comparing Smoothing Techniques on Fertility Data ». Dans 2010 Ninth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (MICAI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/micai.2010.15.
Hata, Yutaka. « Fertility Treatment Assist by Information Technology ». Dans 2020 International Symposium on Community-centric Systems (CcS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccs49175.2020.9231344.
Majstorović, Helena, Bogdan Garalejić, Maja Sudimac, Miloš Pavlović et Vladimir Čolović. « PARAMETRI PLODNOST ZEMLJIŠTA U FUNKCIJI TIPA ZEMLJIŠTA NA TERITORIJI GRADA PANČEVA 2022ЗБОРНИК БИОДИВЕРЗИТЕТ ». Dans XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.395m.
Soil fertility is one of basic caracterisitics of every soil tipe and it is a feature that differentiate soil from bedrock. For determination of soil fertility various physiochemical methods are used, primarily for the purpose of applying soil fertilizers in plant nutrition. In this sense, the following parameters of soil fertility were tested in soil samples: pH in potassium-chloride (KCl), CaCO3, humus, total nitrogen, P2O5, K2O. The results of the research showed high soil fertility in a large number of locations that were surveyed, but also the existence of surveyed sites that require the application of pedomeliorative measures.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fertility":
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Soil Fertility. Washington, DC : International Food Policy Research Institute, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896298460_18.
Spolaore, Enrico, et Romain Wacziarg. Fertility and Modernity. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25957.
Jones, Larry, Alice Schoonbroodt et Michèle Tertilt. Fertility Theories : Can They Explain the Negative Fertility-Income Relationship ? Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, août 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14266.
Blau, Francine. The Fertility of Immigrant Women : Evidence from High Fertility Source Countries. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, janvier 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3608.
Giuntella, Osea, Lorenzo Rotunno et Luca Stella. Globalization, Fertility and Marital Behavior in a Lowest-Low Fertility Setting. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30119.
Berman, Eli, et Zaur Rzakhanov. Fertility, Migration, and Altruism. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7545.
Alesina, Alberto, Paola Giuliano et Nathan Nunn. Fertility and the Plough. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16718.
Kalemli-Ozcan, Sebnem, et Belgi Turan. HIV and Fertility Revisited. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juin 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16115.
Boldrin, Michele, Mariacristina De Nardi et Larry Jones. Fertility and Social Security. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, février 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11146.
