Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Five Domains Model »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Five Domains Model":
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Mitchell, John T., Nathan A. Kimbrel, Natalie E. Hundt, Amanda R. Cobb, Rosemery O. Nelson‐Gray et Christopher M. Lootens. « An analysis of reinforcement sensitivity theory and the five‐factor model ». European Journal of Personality 21, no 7 (novembre 2007) : 869–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.644.
Résumé :
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) and the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) are two prominent personality accounts that have emerged from different backgrounds. Although the two accounts are applied to similar research topics, there is limited empirical work examining the correspondence between them. The current study explored the relationship between RST‐based personality traits and the FFM domains and facets in an undergraduate sample (n = 668). Regression analyses indicated that Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) was positively associated with Neuroticism and Agreeableness, and negatively associated with Extraversion, Openness, and Conscientiousness. In contrast, Sensitivity to Reward (SR) was positively associated with Extraversion and Neuroticism, and negatively associated with Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Exploratory analyses at the facet level specified the relationship between SP, SR, and each domain. A factor analysis was also conducted to explore the higher‐order factor structure of RST and the FFM domains. Three factors emerged, which we labelled SP, Stability‐Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking. Taken together, these findings suggest that there is substantial overlap between these two accounts of personality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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van Zyl, C. J. J. « The five factor model and infidelity : Beyond the broad domains ». Personality and Individual Differences 172 (avril 2021) : 110553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110553.
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Mellor, David J., Ngaio J. Beausoleil, Katherine E. Littlewood, Andrew N. McLean, Paul D. McGreevy, Bidda Jones et Cristina Wilkins. « The 2020 Five Domains Model : Including Human–Animal Interactions in Assessments of Animal Welfare ». Animals 10, no 10 (14 octobre 2020) : 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10101870.
Résumé :
Throughout its 25-year history, the Five Domains Model for animal welfare assessment has been regularly updated to include at each stage the latest authenticated developments in animal welfare science thinking. The domains of the most up-to-date Model described here are: 1 Nutrition, 2 Physical Environment, 3 Health, 4 Behavioural Interactions and 5 Mental State. The first four domains focus attention on factors that give rise to specific negative or positive subjective experiences (affects), which contribute to the animal’s mental state, as evaluated in Domain 5. More specifically, the first three domains focus mainly on factors that disturb or disrupt particular features of the body’s internal stability. Each disturbed or disrupted feature generates sensory inputs which are processed by the brain to form specific negative affects, and these affects are associated with behaviours that act to restore the body’s internal stability. As each such behaviour is essential for the survival of the animal, the affects associated with them are collectively referred to as “survival-critical affects”. In contrast, Domain 4, now named Behavioural Interactions, focusses on evidence of animals consciously seeking specific goals when interacting behaviourally with (1) the environment, (2) other non-human animals and (3) as a new feature of the Model outlined here, humans. The associated affects, evaluated via Domain 5, are mainly generated by brain processing of sensory inputs elicited by external stimuli. The success of the animals’ behavioural attempts to achieve their chosen goals is reflected in whether the associated affects are negative or positive. Collectively referred to as “situation-related affects”, these outcomes are understood to contribute to animals’ perceptions of their external circumstances. These observations reveal a key distinction between the way survival-critical and situation-related affects influence animals’ aligned behaviours. The former mainly reflect compelling motivations to engage in genetically embedded behavioural responses, whereas the latter mainly involve conscious behavioural choices which are the hallmarks of agency. Finally, numerous examples of human–animal interactions and their attendant affects are described, and the qualitative grading of interactions that generate negative or positive affect is also illustrated.
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Qin, Libo, Fuxuan Wei, Minheng Ni, Yue Zhang, Wanxiang Che, Yangming Li et Ting Liu. « Multi-domain Spoken Language Understanding Using Domain- and Task-aware Parameterization ». ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no 4 (31 juillet 2022) : 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3502198.
Résumé :
Spoken language understanding (SLU) has been addressed as a supervised learning problem, where a set of training data is available for each domain. However, annotating data for a new domain can be both financially costly and non-scalable. One existing approach solves the problem by conducting multi-domain learning where parameters are shared for joint training across domains, which is domain-agnostic and task-agnostic . In the article, we propose to improve the parameterization of this method by using domain-specific and task-specific model parameters for fine-grained knowledge representation and transfer. Experiments on five domains show that our model is more effective for multi-domain SLU and obtain the best results. In addition, we show its transferability when adapting to a new domain with little data, outperforming the prior best model by 12.4%. Finally, we explore the strong pre-trained model in our framework and find that the contributions from our framework do not fully overlap with contextualized word representations (RoBERTa).
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Gillespie, R. J. « Electron densities and the VSEPR model of molecular geometry ». Canadian Journal of Chemistry 70, no 3 (1 mars 1992) : 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v92-099.
Résumé :
This paper reviews the present status of the VSEPR model of molecular geometry in relation to electron densities. The discussion is based on the electron pair domain version of this model. The fundamental postulates of the model are summarized and illustrated by a discussion of the structures of some molecules with five and seven electron pair domains in the valence shell, including the recently discovered ions XeF5− and XeOF6−. The total electron density does not provide any obvious support for the model and although electron density deformation maps do provide some support they are not always reliable. The Laplacian of the electron density, however, shows the presence of valence shell charge concentrations that correspond closely in number and properties to the electron pair domains of the VSEPR model. This correspondence between electron pair domains and valence shell charge concentrations provides a physical basis for a better understanding of the VSEPR model. Keywords: VSEPR model, electron densities, molecular geometry, Laplacian of the electron density, electron pair domain.
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Murphy, Lisa, Eimer Cadogan et Samantha Dockray. « The Consideration of Future Consequences : Evidence for Domain Specificity Across Five Life Domains ». Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no 5 (13 septembre 2019) : 663–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219873478.
Résumé :
The consideration of future consequences (CFC) is a cognitive-motivational construct describing the extent to which individuals consider the future outcomes of behavior during decision-making. The current research examined the extent to which CFC may be a domain-specific, as opposed to global, temporal construct. Across three surveys, adults ( n = 498; 66.9% female; 41.2% students) completed the 14-item general CFC scale, five newly adapted domain-specific CFC scales, and self-report measures of behavior in five substantive domains (work, health, the environment, money, and college). Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the two-factor model in the CFC-14, supporting the distinction between CFC-Future and CFC-Immediate in domain-specific CFC-14 scales. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that domain-specific, and not the general, CFC subscales were most strongly associated with the relevant domain-specific behavior and revealed differential patterns of association between domain-specific CFC subscales and behaviors in particular domains. The applied implications for behavioral interventions are discussed.
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Pellequer, Jean-Luc, Andrew Gale, Elizabeth Getzoff et John Griffin. « Three-dimensional Model of Coagulation Factor Va Bound to Activated Protein C ». Thrombosis and Haemostasis 84, no 11 (2000) : 849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1614127.
Résumé :
SummaryA complete molecular model of blood coagulation factor Va (FVa) bound to anticoagulant activated protein C (APC) and to a phospholipid membrane was constructed. The three homologous A domains and the two homologous C domains of FVA were modeled based on the X-ray crystallographic structures of ceruloplasmin and C2 domain of factor V, respectively. The final arrangement of the five domains in the complete FVa model bound to a membrane incorporated extensive published experimental data. FVa binds the phospholipid membrane through its C2 domain while the A-domain trimer is located from 40 through 100 Å above the membrane plane. From our model we infer a probable role for metal ions at the interface between FVa light and heavy chains, provide an explanation for the slower APC cleavage at Arg306 relative to Arg506, and predict specific interactions between positively and negatively charged exosites in APC and FVa, respectively.
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Woodyatt, Jessica J., Daniel N. Allen, Grace Goodwin, Nina Paul, Christine Salva et Gregory Strauss. « A-172 Evaluating Associations Between the Five Negative Symptom Domains and Cognition in Schizophrenia ». Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, no 6 (17 août 2022) : 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.172.
Résumé :
Abstract Objective: Recently, factor analysis has supported a five-factor model of negative symptoms in schizophrenia (anhedonia, avolition, alogia, asociality, and blunted affect). Associations between these unique negative symptom domains and neurocognition are yet to be examined. The following study investigates relationships between the five distinct negative symptoms and cognitive functioning. Methods: Outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n=245) were assessed during periods of clinical stability for negative symptom severity using the Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS). The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was used to assess seven domains of neurocognition, including processing speed, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning, problem solving, and social cognition. To evaluate external correlates, the five-domain negative symptoms were correlated with measures of neurocognition. Results: Greater negative associations were found between the five negative symptom domains with processing speed, attention, working memory, social cognition, and overall MCCB scores. Correlational analyses demonstrated the strongest negative relationships between the domain of attention with alogia and blunted affect. Conclusions: The present study examined unique associations between cognitive abilities and the five negative symptom domains. Strong negative associations were found between negative symptoms and distinct measures of neurocognition, indicating a unique variance in cognitive performance correlates with severity of negative symptoms. Results suggest greater severity of negative symptoms is associated with greater impairments in select neurocognitive domains. Further research using analytic approaches would offer additional support for this hypothesis. Findings have implications for developing differential treatments targeting the five negative symptom domains separately, as they may have distinct underlying pathophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms.
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Harvey, Andrea M., Ngaio J. Beausoleil, Daniel Ramp et David J. Mellor. « Mental Experiences in Wild Animals : Scientifically Validating Measurable Welfare Indicators in Free-Roaming Horses ». Animals 13, no 9 (28 avril 2023) : 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13091507.
Résumé :
The mental experiences of animals are what characterises their welfare status. The Five Domains Model for assessing welfare aligns with the understanding that physical and mental states are linked. Following measurement of indicators within each of the four physical/functional Domains (1. Nutrition; 2. Physical environment; 3. Health; and 4. Behavioural interactions), the anticipated negative or positive affective consequences (mental experiences) are cautiously inferred and assigned to Domain 5. Those inferences derive credibility from validated knowledge of the underlying systems of physiology, neurophysiology, neuroethology and affective neuroscience. Any indicators used for assessing welfare need to be scientifically validated. This requires, firstly, evidence of the links between a measurable/observable indicator and the physical/functional impact (in Domains 1 to 4), and secondly, a demonstrable relationship between the physical/functional impact and the mental experience it is inferred the indicators reflect (in Domain five). This review refers to indicators of physical/functional states in Domains 1 to 4, which have been shown to be measurable in free-roaming wild horses, and then evaluates the scientific evidence linking them to inferred mental experiences in Domain 5. This is the first time that the scientific evidence validating a comprehensive range of welfare indicators has been synthesised in this way. Inserting these indicators into the Five Domains Model enables transparently justifiable assessment and grading of welfare status in free-roaming horses.
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Winaryati, Eny, Suyata Suyata et Sumarno Sumarno. « MODEL EVALUASI DALAM SUPERVISI PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERBASIS LIMA DOMAIN SAINS ». Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan 17, no 2 (15 décembre 2013) : 241–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pep.v17i2.1698.
Résumé :
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengembangkan model evaluasi diri dan teman sejawat (EDTS) dalam supervisi pembelajaran IPA berbasis lima domain sains (5 DS); 2) mengevaluasi pembelajaran IPA berbasis 5 DS dalam supervisi melalui model EDTS; 3) menguji keefektifan model.Objek penelitian ini adalah SMP Negeri 7, 11, 14, 15, 19, 29, dan 32. Model EDTS dikembangkan melalui penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D). Subjeknya adalah guru sendiri, gurusejawat, dan kepala sekolah. Alur pelaksanaan evaluasinya adalah: guru sendiri dan guru sejawat mengobservasi kegiatan pra pembelajaran dan proses pembelajaran. Data observasi divalidasi oleh kepala sekolah, ditindaklanjuti dengan diskusi, dan dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan feedback dan evaluasi diri. Penelitian ini menghasilkan: 1) model EDTS melalui pendekatan ANTRANINPRO (Antacedent, Transaction, Interim Product), dikembangkan dengan metode R&D; 2) Model EDTS disusun untuk memperkuat pelaksanaan supervisi di sekolah, melalui dukungan informasi yang diberikan guru kepada kepala sekolah; 3) berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, diperoleh penilaian kurang baik pada item yang terkait dengan 5DS, terutama domain kreativitas dan aplikasi sains; 4) model EDTS efektif untuk digunakan, berdasarkan data: validitas model (sangat baik), validitas konten (96% relevan), reliabilitas (kriteria baik), model memberi kemudahan user untuk menggunakan, serta memberi dampak positif terhadap perbaikan pembelajaran.Kata kunci: model evaluasi, supervisi pembelajaran, lima domain sains______________________________________________________________EVALUATION MODEL IN THE TEACHING SUPERVISION OF NATURAL SCIENCES BASED ON FIVE DOMAINS OF SCIENCE Abstract The purposes of this study are: 1. deeveloping a self and peer evaluation model (EDTS model) in the teaching supervision of natural sciences based on five domains of science (DS 5); 2. evaluating the teaching in supervision of natural sciences based on five domains of science (DS 5) through EDTS model; 3. measuring the effectiveness of this model. The objects of this research are SMPN 7, 11, 14, 15, 19, 29, and 32. The EDTS model was developed through research and development (R&D). The subjects are teachers, teacher’s peers and headmasters. The steps of the evaluation were: teachers and teacher’s peers observed pre learning activities and learning processes. Observation data were validated by the headmasters, followed by discussion and feedback and self-evaluation. The results of this research are: 1) EDTS models through ANTRANINPRO approach (Antecedent, Transaction, Interim Product) is developed by the R & D method; 2) EDTS model is designed to strengthen the implementation of supervision in schools, through the support of information provided by the teacher to the headmaster; 3) Based on the evaluation, items associated with 5DS are considered not so good, especially the domain of creativity and scientific applications; 4) EDTS model is effective to be used, based on the data: the validity of the model (very good), content validity (96% relevant), reliability (good criteria), the model gives the user easiness to use, and gives a positive impact on learning improvement.Keywords: models of evaluation, teaching supervision, five domains of science.
Thèses sur le sujet "Five Domains Model":
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Hartman, Robert Owen. « The five-factor model and career self-efficacy general and domain-specific relationships / ». Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1147867278.
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Gore, Whitney L. « AFFECTIVE INSTABILITY ACROSS DIAGNOSTIC MODELS ». UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/76.
Résumé :
The National Institute of Mental Health’s (NIMH) Research Domain Criteria (RDoC; Insel et al., 2010; Sanislow et al., 2010) were established in an effort to explore underlying dimensions that cut across many existing disorders as well as to provide an alternative to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; APA, 2013). The present dissertation aimed to study one major component of the RDoC model, negative valence, as compared to other models hypothesized to be closely related, as well as its relationship to a key component of psychopathology, affective instability. Participants were adult community residents (N=90) currently in mental health treatment. Participants received self-report measures of RDoC negative valence, five-factor model (FFM) neuroticism, and DSM-5 Section 3 negative affectivity, along with measures of affective instability, borderline personality disorder, and social-occupational impairment. Through this investigation, a better understanding and potential expansion of this new model of diagnosis for clinicians and researchers is provided. In particular, it is suggested that RDoC negative valence is commensurate with FFM neuroticism and DSM-5 negative affectivity, and it would be beneficial if it was expanded to include affective instability.
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McKay, Derek A. « A facet and domain-level analysis of two trait models of personality : Relationship with subjective well-being ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1498591744789927.
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Guerziz, Allaoua. « Etudes théorique et expérimentale de la cinématique fine des ondes longues de gravité au voisinage des obstacles ». Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10076.
Résumé :
La theorie generalisee de l'eau peu profonde est utilisee pour la description de la cinematique des ondes longues de gravite au voisinage d'obstacles immerges. Une etude detaillee au premier ordre d'approximation est faite dans le cas particulier de la barriere verticale. On trouve une relation explicite definissant les modes evanescents. Des traces decrivent clairement le champ des vitesses et la zone d'influence des perturbations locales. Grace a des mesures au laser, il a ete possible de faire une comparaison avec les resultats theoriques. D'autre part, nous avons donne une interpretation physique nouvelle de l'ensemble des modes evanescents grace a l'utilisation de certains ecoulements a potentiel classiques ou la surface libre est remplacee par un toit. Cette methode a ete appliquee a l'etude d'obstacles de forme elliptique. L'extension de cette theorie aux ordres superieurs met en evidence, d'une part la propagation des ondes reflechie et transmise par cet obstacle, et d'autre part les variations sensibles de certaines caracteristiques de l'onde solitaire emise (notamment l'amplitude) pres de cet obstacle. Des experiences faites dans le grand canal de 36 metres confirment partiellement ces resultats. Pour expliquer ces ecarts, nous avons utilise une technique de visualisation mettant en evidence la generation d'un ecoulement cisaille spirale degenerant en un tourbillon par viscosite. Ces resultats permettent des lors d'envisager une approche theorique du phenomene
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Salloum, Zaynab. « Étude mathématique d’écoulements de fluides viscoélastiques dans des domaines singuliers ». Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0017/document.
Résumé :
Cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse mathématique de trois problèmes d’écoulements de fluides viscoélastiques de type Oldroyd. Tout d’abord, nous étudions des écoulements stationnaires faiblement compressibles dans un domaine borné avec des conditions au bord de type "rentrante-sortante". Nous étudions aussi le problème d’écoulements stationnaires faiblement compressibles dans un coin convexe. En utilisant une méthode de point fixe (premier et deuxième problèmes) et une décomposition de Helmoltz (deuxième problème), nous montrons des résultats d’existence et d’unicité des solutions. Nous étudions également le cas d’un écoulement non stationnaire. Nous montrons un résultat d’existence locale et un résultat d’existence globale, avec des conditions initiales suffisamment petites, pour des fluides compressibles. Nous démontrons aussi la convergence du modèle d’écoulement viscoélastique compressible à faible nombre de Mach vers le modèle incompressible lorsque les données initiales sont "bien préparées"In this PHD thesis, we study three problems for viscoelastic flows of Oldroyd type. First, we study steady flows of slightly compressible in a bounded domain with non-zero velocities on the boundary ; the pressure and the extra-stress tensor are prescribed on the part of the boundary corresponding to entering velocity. This causes a weak singularity in the solution at the junction of incoming and outgoing flows. We also study the problem of steady flows of slightly compressible fluids with zero boundary conditions in a domain with an isolated corner point. Using a method of fixed point (first and second problems) and a Helmoltz decomposition (second problem), we show some results of existence and uniqueness of solutions. In the last part, we study the case of a non-steady flow : we show some results of local and of global existence, with sufficiently small initial data, for compressible flows. The zero-Mach number limit is also established
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Scarlato, Michele. « Sicurezza di rete, analisi del traffico e monitoraggio ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3223/.
Résumé :
Il lavoro è stato suddiviso in tre macro-aree.
Una prima riguardante un'analisi teorica di come funzionano le intrusioni, di quali software vengono utilizzati per compierle, e di come proteggersi (usando i dispositivi che in termine generico si possono riconoscere come i firewall).
Una seconda macro-area che analizza un'intrusione avvenuta dall'esterno verso dei server sensibili di una rete LAN.
Questa analisi viene condotta sui file catturati dalle due interfacce di rete configurate in modalità promiscua su una sonda presente nella LAN.
Le interfacce sono due per potersi interfacciare a due segmenti di LAN aventi due maschere
di sotto-rete differenti. L'attacco viene analizzato mediante vari software.
Si può infatti definire una terza parte del lavoro, la parte dove vengono analizzati i file
catturati dalle due interfacce con i software che prima si occupano di analizzare i dati di
contenuto completo, come Wireshark, poi dei software che si occupano di analizzare i dati di
sessione che sono stati trattati con Argus, e infine i dati di tipo statistico che sono stati trattati
con Ntop.
Il penultimo capitolo, quello prima delle conclusioni, invece tratta l'installazione di Nagios, e
la sua configurazione per il monitoraggio attraverso plugin dello spazio di disco rimanente su
una macchina agent remota, e sui servizi MySql e DNS. Ovviamente Nagios può essere
configurato per monitorare ogni tipo di servizio offerto sulla rete.
Livres sur le sujet "Five Domains Model":
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Jarnecke, Amber M., et Susan C. South. Behavior and Molecular Genetics of the Five Factor Model. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.25.
Résumé :
Behavior and molecular genetics informs knowledge of the etiology, structure, and development of the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Behavior genetics uses quantitative modeling to parse the relative influence of nature and nurture on phenotypes that vary within the population. Behavior genetics research on the FFM has demonstrated that each domain has a heritability (proportion of variation due to genetic influences) of 40–50%. Molecular genetic methods attempt to identify specific genetic mechanisms associated with personality variation. To date, findings from molecular genetics are tentative, with significant results failing to replicate and accounting for only a small percentage of the variance. However, newer techniques hold promise for finding the “missing heritability” of FFM and related personality domains. This chapter presents an overview of commonly used behavior and molecular genetic techniques, reviews the work that has been done on the FFM domains and facets, and offers a perspective for future directions.
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Siebert, Scott E., et David S. DeGeest. The Five Factor Model of Personality in Business and Industry. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.1.
Résumé :
Personality traits have played a central role in industrial/organizational psychology, human resource management, and organizational behavior, the key fields in the application of psychology to business and industry. In the early years, excessive optimism led scholars to unrealistic expectations about the value of personality traits at work. This was followed by a period of profound pessimism regarding the value of personality as an explanatory variable when the unrealistic expectations were inevitably disappointed. More recently, advances in theory and methodology have led scholars to re-examine the role of personality with more realistic expectations. The Five Factor Model (FFM) has predominated as an integrative personality structure for conceptualizing and researching the relationship of personality to workplace outcomes. Five specific domains of research are considered herein: personnel selection; employee motivation, attitudes, and behavior; leadership; teams; and entrepreneurship. The chapter ends with open questions for future research in this domain.
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Widiger, Thomas A., dir. The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.001.0001.
Résumé :
The Five-Factor Model (FFM) is arguably the predominant model of general personality structure. There is a considerable body of research supporting its construct validity and practical application. There have been a few books specifically concerning the FFM, but to date there has not yet been a text that brings together in one location all that is known about the FFM. The book begins with an overview chapter on the FFM, followed by in-depth discussions regarding the nature, etiology, importance, and mechanisms of each of the FFM domains. The vast body of research concerning the construct-validity support for the FFM is then provided, including its robustness, factor analytic support, childhood antecedents, cross-language presence, cross-species presence, behavior and molecular genetics, and brain structure and function. The text then provides considerable discussion of the importance and application of the FFM across diverse social concerns, including personality assessment, business and industry, health psychology, marital-family therapy, adult psychopathology, child psychopathology, and clinical utility. There is no comparable text with this much information concerning the validity and utility of the FFM. The text concludes with a final overview chapter.
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Widiger, Thomas A. A Five Factor Discussion. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.8.
Résumé :
The purpose of this chapter is to pay homage to and provide a discussion of each of the chapters included within this text. The first section of the book provided a description of the Five Factor Model (FFM), followed by a chapter devoted to each of the five domains. The second section concerned construct validity support for the FFM. The third and final section considered various social and clinical applications of the FFM, as well as issues and concerns with respect to these applications. Each of the chapters included within each section is discussed in turn.
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Graziano, William G., et Renée M. Tobin. Agreeableness and the Five Factor Model. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.17.
Résumé :
Agreeableness is a summary label for individual differences in the motivation to maintain positive relations with others. Agreeableness is one of the major dimensions in the Big Five structural model of personality. It is also a major domain in the Five Factor Model of personality. This chapter provides an overview of the considerable body of research concerning the conceptualization, assessment, and etiology of Agreeableness with a focus on its six facets. It concludes with a discussion of alternative theoretical explanations for Agreeableness. In particular, an opponent process model that involves two competing motive systems is applied to the processes underlying Agreeableness.
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Widiger, Thomas A., Whitney L. Gore, Cristina Crego, Stephanie L. Rojas et Joshua R. Oltmanns. Five Factor Model and Personality Disorder. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.4.
Résumé :
The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the relationship of the Five Factor Model (FFM) to personality disorder. The FFM has traditionally been viewed as a dimensional model of normal personality structure. However, it should probably be viewed as a dimensional model of general personality structure, including maladaptive as well as adaptive personality traits. Discussed herein is the empirical support for the coverage of personality disorders within the FFM; the ability of the FFM to explain the convergence and divergence among personality disorder scales; the relationship of the FFM to the DSM-5 dimensional trait model; the empirical support for maladaptivity within both poles of each FFM domain (focusing in particular on agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness); and the development of scales for the assessment of maladaptive variants of the FFM.
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Widiger, Thomas A. Introduction. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.9.
Résumé :
This book concerns the Five Factor Model (FFM) of general personality structure. It brings together much of the research literature on the FFM and demonstrates its potential applications across a wide range of disciplines and concerns. The book is organized into four sections: the first section explores the FFM and its domains, the second focuses on matters and issues concerning the construct validity of the FFM, the third discusses applications of the FFM to a variety of social and clinical issues, and the fourth summarizes the book’s interesting points and considers potential implications. Topics range from Neuroticism and Extraversion to Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. The book also considers the universality of the FFM, the factor analytic support, childhood temperament and personality, animal personality, behavior and molecular genetics, personality neuroscience, personality disorders, adult psychopathology, and child psychopathology.
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Bagby, R. Michael, Amanda Uliaszek, Tara M. Gralnick et Nadia Al-Dajani. Axis I Disorders. Sous la direction de Thomas A. Widiger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352487.013.5.
Résumé :
The purpose of this chapter is to summarize and discuss the complex relationship between Five Factor Model (FFM) personality traits and clinical (Axis I) psychopathology, including depressive, bipolar, anxiety, obsessive–compulsive, eating, schizophrenia and psychotic, trauma and stress-related, and substance use disorders. Considered herein will be the alternative forms of relationship, including vulnerability, common cause, pathoplasty, complication/scar, and spectrum. This chapter will highlight the necessity for well-designed, longitudinal studies aimed at elucidating the complex relationships between the FFM and clinical disorders. Consistent research supports Neuroticism as a vulnerability factor to certain disorders, even sharing genetic etiology. However, there are also important contributions for each of the other four domains. The majority of this research is in the area of mood and anxiety disorders. Expanding these studies to include other forms of psychopathology could help identify common personality vulnerabilities to psychopathology, as well as unique predictors of certain constellations of symptoms.
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Rajakumar, P. S., S. Geetha et T. V. Ananthan. Fundamentals of Image Processing. Jupiter Publications Consortium, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47715/jpc.b.978-93-91303-80-8.
Résumé :
"Fundamentals of Image Processing" offers a comprehensive exploration of image processing's pivotal techniques, tools, and applications. Beginning with an overview, the book systematically categorizes and explains the multifaceted steps and methodologies inherent to the digital processing of images. The text progresses from basic concepts like sampling and quantization to advanced techniques such as image restoration and feature extraction. Special emphasis is given to algorithms and models crucial to image enhancement, restoration, segmentation, and application. In the initial segments, the intricacies of digital imaging systems, pixel connectivity, color models, and file formats are dissected. Following this, image enhancement techniques, including spatial and frequency domain methods and histogram processing, are elaborated upon. The book then addresses image restoration, discussing degradation models, noise modeling, and blur, and offers insights into the compelling world of multi-resolution analysis with in-depth discussions on wavelets and image pyramids. Segmentation processes, especially edge operators, boundary detections, and thresholding techniques, are detailed in subsequent chapters. The text culminates by diving deep into the applications of image processing, exploring supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering algorithms, and various classifiers. Throughout the discourse, practical examples, real-world applications, and intuitive diagrams are integrated to facilitate an enriched learning experience. This book stands as an essential guide for both novices aiming to grasp the basics and experts looking to hone their knowledge in image processing. Keywords: Digital Imaging Systems, Image Enhancement, Image Restoration, Multi-resolution Analysis, Wavelets, Image Segmentation, Feature Extraction, SIFT, SURF, Image Classifiers, Supervised Learning, Clustering Algorithms.
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Sparti, Davide. On the Edge. Sous la direction de George E. Lewis et Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.020.
Résumé :
While all human agency unfolds with a certain degree of improvisation, there are specific cultural practices in which improvisation plays an even more relevant role. Among these, jazz offers a privileged site for understanding how improvisation operates, offering the opportunity to find within it a frame of reference that might be related to other genres and modes of creation. This contribution, as Wittgenstein would say, has a “grammatical” design to it. It proposes to clarify the significance of the term “improvisation” by reflecting upon theconditionsthat make the practice possible. Rather than calling forth mysterious processes that take place in the unconscious or in the minds of musicians, the focus is on the criteria that must be satisfied before one may accurately ascribe to an act the concept of improvisation. By comparing the practice of improvisation to the notion a musical “work,” five such criteria are established: inseparability, irreversibility, situationality, originality, and responsiveness. The last part of this chapter offers an insight into the improvising dynamic. Unlike a composer in the domain of classical music, who works from a plan looking ahead, improvising musicians cannot by definition look ahead. Yet they can look behind at what has already been played, and respond to it, extending the logic of the previous phrases, shaping a form retrospectively, blending the emergent with the intended. Hence any musical statement emerging during a performance is at the same time a constraint and a springboard for the following statement.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Five Domains Model":
1
Faltin, Benedikt, Damaris Gann et Markus König. « A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models for Symbol Detection in Technical Drawings ». Dans CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 877–86. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.87.
Résumé :
Symbols are a universal way to convey complex information in technical drawings since they can represent a wide range of elements, including components, materials, or relationships, in a concise and space-saving manner. Therefore, to enable a digital and automatic interpretation of pixel-based drawings, accurate detection of symbols is a crucial step. To enhance the efficiency of the digitization process, current research focuses on automating this symbol detection using deep learning models. However, the ever-increasing repertoire of model architectures poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners alike in retaining an overview of the latest advancements and selecting the most suitable model architecture for their respective use cases. To provide guidance, this contribution conducts a comparative study of prevalent and state-of-the-art model architectures for the task of symbol detection in pixel-based construction drawings. Therefore, this study evaluates six different object detection model architectures, including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, Swin-Transformer, ConvNeXt, and Faster-RCNN. These models are trained and tested on two distinct datasets from the bridge and residential building domains, both representing substantial sub-sectors of the construction industry. Furthermore, the models are evaluated based on five criteria, i.e., detection accuracy, robustness to data scarcity, training time, inference time, and model size. In summary, our comparative study highlights the performance and capabilities of different deep learning models for symbol detection in construction drawings. Through the comprehensive evaluation and practical insights, this research facilitates the advancement of automated symbol detection by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the model architectures, thus providing users with valuable guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for their real-world applications
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Faltin, Benedikt, Damaris Gann et Markus König. « A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Models for Symbol Detection in Technical Drawings ». Dans CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 877–86. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.87.
Résumé :
Symbols are a universal way to convey complex information in technical drawings since they can represent a wide range of elements, including components, materials, or relationships, in a concise and space-saving manner. Therefore, to enable a digital and automatic interpretation of pixel-based drawings, accurate detection of symbols is a crucial step. To enhance the efficiency of the digitization process, current research focuses on automating this symbol detection using deep learning models. However, the ever-increasing repertoire of model architectures poses a challenge for researchers and practitioners alike in retaining an overview of the latest advancements and selecting the most suitable model architecture for their respective use cases. To provide guidance, this contribution conducts a comparative study of prevalent and state-of-the-art model architectures for the task of symbol detection in pixel-based construction drawings. Therefore, this study evaluates six different object detection model architectures, including YOLOv5, YOLOv7, YOLOv8, Swin-Transformer, ConvNeXt, and Faster-RCNN. These models are trained and tested on two distinct datasets from the bridge and residential building domains, both representing substantial sub-sectors of the construction industry. Furthermore, the models are evaluated based on five criteria, i.e., detection accuracy, robustness to data scarcity, training time, inference time, and model size. In summary, our comparative study highlights the performance and capabilities of different deep learning models for symbol detection in construction drawings. Through the comprehensive evaluation and practical insights, this research facilitates the advancement of automated symbol detection by showing the strengths and weaknesses of the model architectures, thus providing users with valuable guidance in choosing the most appropriate model for their real-world applications
3
Pekarek Rosin, Theresa, et Stefan Wermter. « Replay to Remember : Continual Layer-Specific Fine-Tuning for German Speech Recognition ». Dans Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2023, 489–500. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44195-0_40.
Résumé :
AbstractWhile Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have shown significant advances with the introduction of unsupervised or self-supervised training techniques, these improvements are still only limited to a subsection of languages and speakers. Transfer learning enables the adaptation of large-scale multilingual models to not only low-resource languages but also to more specific speaker groups. However, fine-tuning on data from new domains is usually accompanied by a decrease in performance on the original domain. Therefore, in our experiments, we examine how well the performance of large-scale ASR models can be approximated for smaller domains, with our own dataset of German Senior Voice Commands (SVC-de), and how much of the general speech recognition performance can be preserved by selectively freezing parts of the model during training. To further increase the robustness of the ASR model to vocabulary and speakers outside of the fine-tuned domain, we apply Experience Replay [20] for continual learning. By adding only a fraction of data from the original domain, we are able to reach Word-Error-Rates (WERs) below 5% on the new domain, while stabilizing performance for general speech recognition at acceptable WERs.
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Samans, Richard. « From the Wealth to the Living Standards of Nations : Internalizing the Social Contract in Macroeconomic Theory and Policy ». Dans Human-Centred Economics, 107–30. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37435-7_4.
Résumé :
AbstractThis chapter proposes a reformulation and rebalancing of the standard liberal economic growth and development model by integrating key institutional dimensions of the social contract into the heart of macroeconomic theory. Specifically, it defines an extensive ecosystem of policy and institutional features that have an important bearing on the rate and breadth of progress in household living standards, categorizing them in five principal policy domains. These are represented as an economy’s “factors of distribution” and modelled as a system—an aggregate distribution function analogous to the aggregate production function. This model of the main channels by which rising living standards propagate in an economy is accompanied by a map of related domains of enabling policy and institutional strength. This policy and institutional ecosystem is the practical manifestation of a country’s social contract—how it translates its values with respect to inclusion, sustainability and resilience into the rules of the game within its economy. The aggregate distribution function is the de facto income distribution system or “living standards diffusion mechanism” of modern market economies. It is the combination and indeed interaction of the aggregate distribution and production functions of an economy that determine its progress in median household living standards. Macroeconomic theory and policy should be refocused on the goal of increasing the aggregate social welfare, or living standards, of nations rather than solely their GDP, or wealth, by placing equal and parallel emphasis on strengthening the aggregate production and distribution functions of economies. This is the golden rule of human-centred economics.
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Harper, Corey A., Ron Daniel et Paul Groth. « Question Answering with Additive Restrictive Training (QuAART) : Question Answering for the Rapid Development of New Knowledge Extraction Pipelines ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 51–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17105-5_4.
Résumé :
AbstractNumerous studies have explored the use of language models and question answering techniques for knowledge extraction. In most cases, these models are trained on data specific to the new task at hand. We hypothesize that using models trained only on generic question answering data (e.g. SQuAD) is a good starting point for domain specific entity extraction. We test this hypothesis, and explore whether the addition of small amounts of training data can help lift model performance. We pay special attention to the use of null answers and unanswerable questions to optimize performance. To our knowledge, no studies have been done to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. We do so for an end-to-end entity mention detection and entity typing task on HAnDS and FIGER, two common evaluation datasets for fine grained entity recognition. We focus on fine-grained entity recognition because it is challenging scenario, and because the long tail of types in this task highlights the need for entity extraction systems that can deal with new domains and types. To our knowledge, we are the first system beyond those presented in the original FIGER and HAnDS papers to tackle the task in an end-to-end fashion. Using an extremely small sample from the distantly-supervised HAnDS training data – 0.0015%, or less than 500 passages randomly chosen out of 31 million – we produce a CoNNL F1 score of 73.72 for entity detection on FIGER. Our end-to-end detection and typing evaluation produces macro and micro F1s of 45.11 and 54.75, based on the FIGER evaluation metrics. This work provides a foundation for the rapid development of new knowledge extraction pipelines.
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Bargal, Sarah Adel, Andrea Zunino, Vitali Petsiuk, Jianming Zhang, Vittorio Murino, Stan Sclaroff et Kate Saenko. « Beyond the Visual Analysis of Deep Model Saliency ». Dans xxAI - Beyond Explainable AI, 255–69. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04083-2_13.
Résumé :
AbstractIncreased explainability in machine learning is traditionally associated with lower performance, e.g. a decision tree is more explainable, but less accurate than a deep neural network. We argue that, in fact, increasing the explainability of a deep classifier can improve its generalization. In this chapter, we survey a line of our published work that demonstrates how spatial and spatiotemporal visual explainability can be obtained, and how such explainability can be used to train models that generalize better on unseen in-domain and out-of-domain samples, refine fine-grained classification predictions, better utilize network capacity, and are more robust to network compression.
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Abdallah, A., et F. Masrouri. « A Two-Domain Model for Infiltration into Unsaturated Fine-Textured Soils ». Dans Computational Methods for Flow and Transport in Porous Media, 163–73. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1114-2_10.
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Jony, Jyoti Vashishtha et Sunil Kumar. « Domain Specific Fine Tuning of Pre-trained Language Model in NLP ». Dans Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 403–17. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4355-9_31.
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Graham, Charles R., et Lisa R. Halverson. « Blended Learning Research and Practice ». Dans Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–20. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_68-1.
Résumé :
AbstractThe strategic integration of online and in-person learning modalities (referred to as blended learning) is becoming increasingly popular in primary, secondary, post-secondary, and corporate contexts. Some have even called blended learning (BL) the “new normal” in education. This chapter addresses five important questions for scholars interested in contributing to research in this domain. First, how are scholars defining BL? Second, what are some of the common models of BL being used in higher education and K-12 learning environments? Third, what is happening with BL research and practice in different regions of the world? Fourth, what research frameworks have been developed by BL scholars and what are other common frameworks that scholars have borrowed from other domains? Finally, the chapter overviews some of the current BL research around institutional, faculty, and student issues. The global pandemic from 2019 to 2021 has increased administrator, instructor, and student awareness and familiarity with many online learning options. It is likely that blended practices that combine both online and in-person instruction will become increasingly prevalent. Scholars will need to better understand how different blended models and pedagogical practices within those models work to improve learning outcomes, increase access and flexibility for learners, and impact cost efficiencies.
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Graham, Charles R., et Lisa R. Halverson. « Blended Learning Research and Practice ». Dans Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1159–78. Singapore : Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_68.
Résumé :
AbstractThe strategic integration of online and in-person learning modalities (referred to as blended learning) is becoming increasingly popular in primary, secondary, post-secondary, and corporate contexts. Some have even called blended learning (BL) the “new normal” in education. This chapter addresses five important questions for scholars interested in contributing to research in this domain. First, how are scholars defining BL? Second, what are some of the common models of BL being used in higher education and K-12 learning environments? Third, what is happening with BL research and practice in different regions of the world? Fourth, what research frameworks have been developed by BL scholars and what are other common frameworks that scholars have borrowed from other domains? Finally, the chapter overviews some of the current BL research around institutional, faculty, and student issues. The global pandemic from 2019 to 2021 has increased administrator, instructor, and student awareness and familiarity with many online learning options. It is likely that blended practices that combine both online and in-person instruction will become increasingly prevalent. Scholars will need to better understand how different blended models and pedagogical practices within those models work to improve learning outcomes, increase access and flexibility for learners, and impact cost efficiencies.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Five Domains Model":
1
Xu, Yi, Lichen Wang, Yizhou Wang, Can Qin, Yulun Zhang et Yun Fu. « MemREIN : Rein the Domain Shift for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning ». Dans Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/505.
Résumé :
Few-shot learning aims to enable models generalize to new categories (query instances) with only limited labeled samples (support instances) from each category. Metric-based mechanism is a promising direction which compares feature embeddings via different metrics. However, it always fail to generalize to unseen domains due to the considerable domain gap challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel framework, MemREIN, which considers Memorized, Restitution, and Instance Normalization for cross-domain few-shot learning. Specifically, an instance normalization algorithm is explored to alleviate feature dissimilarity, which provides the initial model generalization ability. However, naively normalizing the feature would lose fine-grained discriminative knowledge between different classes. To this end, a memorized module is further proposed to separate the most refined knowledge and remember it. Then, a restitution module is utilized to restitute the discrimination ability from the learned knowledge. A novel reverse contrastive learning strategy is proposed to stabilize the distillation process. Extensive experiments on five popular benchmark datasets demonstrate that MemREIN well addresses the domain shift challenge, and significantly improves the performance up to 16.43% compared with state-of-the-art baselines.
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Li, Jing, Deheng Ye et Shuo Shang. « Adversarial Transfer for Named Entity Boundary Detection with Pointer Networks ». Dans Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California : International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/702.
Résumé :
In this paper, we focus on named entity boundary detection, which aims to detect the start and end boundaries of an entity mention in text, without predicting its type. A more accurate and robust detection approach is desired to alleviate error propagation in downstream applications, such as entity linking and fine-grained typing systems. Here, we first develop a novel entity boundary labeling approach with pointer networks, where the output dictionary size depends on the input, which is variable. Furthermore, we propose AT-Bdry, which incorporates adversarial transfer learning into an end-to-end sequence labeling model to encourage domain-invariant representations. More importantly, AT-Bdry can reduce domain difference in data distributions between the source and target domains, via an unsupervised transfer learning approach (i.e., no annotated target-domain data is necessary). We conduct Formal Text to Formal Text, Formal Text to Informal Text and ablation evaluations on five benchmark datasets. Experimental results show that AT-Bdry achieves state-of-the-art transferring performance against recent baselines.
3
Scaliukh, A., A. Soloviev, E. Dmitrieva et M. Shevtsova. « An Optimal Parameters Determination for Ferroelectric’s Polarization Model ». Dans ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24841.
Résumé :
In the presented article we propose a mathematical model for nonlinear response of the polycristalline ferroelectrics, an efficient numerical algorithm for its parameters identification, and finally we deal with the ways of their using in practice. Piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics constitute an important class of materials known owing theirs wide application as sensors and actuators in a large number of devices and components. The control, description, and understanding of piezoelectrics and ferroelectrics behavior present thus an important and difficult undertaking from both the practical and theoretical point of view. The piezoelectric hysteresis is an important property of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials caused by different physical processes that take place in ferroelectric materials, e.g. domain-wall pinning, defect ordering, etc. Most often hysteresis is undesired in high-precision sensor, actuator and capacitor applications. But leaving out of framework the origin and mechanisms of the piezoelectric hysteresis the necessity of devices rational design forces to develop the specialized CAE systems to be able to simulate and optimize an efficiency of the ferroelectric-based devices, considering both useful and undesirable phenomena. So, finite-element modeling of sensor and actuator devices requires knowledge of the supplementary constitutive relations that are valid at broad range of electric fields, including the cases of irreversible polarization or depolarization process. There are several approaches to deriving the governing relationships, particularly, orientation Jiles–Atherton model, where governing relationships are formulated by increments between some intrinsic and target parameters. At low mathematical complexity this model is based on the transparent physical meanings, allowing to describe the work of electric field rotating the domains, and energy destructing the fixed domain walls. The proposed model represents a nonlinear ordinary differential equation relative to polarization and driving by electric field. Together with incremental theory this model allows to describe the real behavior of the physical object and to determine all needed field features at list for quasistatic process. As many models describing a nonlinear behavior of whole class of polycristalline materials our model depends on the five intrinsic parameters which have a different physical nature, and have influence on the nonlinear hysteretic response of material. Settings of model imply an unambiguous determination of such parameters. Identification of these parameters is a coefficient inverse problem, and for its resolving we have used the experimentally obtained hysteretic loops. At numerical implementation the set of these five parameters minimize a discrepancy functional square depended on experimentally observed and calculated points of hysteretic loop. Due to complexity of the minimized functional behavior on the space of identified parameters the minimization procedure was realized by means of Genetic Algorithm Toolbox MATLAB. The developed numerical method for hysteresis differential operator parameters identification has shown the good efficiency, robustness, and speedy convergence. These parameters then have used for static and modal analysis by finite element package ACELAN that utilizes an incremental theory for describing of irreversible polarization process. Finally we demonstrate some calculation results for non-uniformly polarized piezoceramic elements.
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Ganine, Vlad, Umesh Javiya, Nick Hills et John Chew. « Coupled Fluid-Structure Transient Thermal Analysis of a Gas Turbine Internal Air System With Multiple Cavities ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2012 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68989.
Résumé :
This paper presents the transient aero-thermal analysis of a gas turbine internal air system through an engine flight cycle featuring multiple fluid cavities that surround a HP turbine disk and the adjacent structures. Strongly coupled fluid-structure thermal interaction problems require significant computational effort to resolve nonlinearities on the interface for each time step. Simulation times may grow impractical if multiple fluid domains are included in the analysis. A new strategy is employed to decrease the cost of coupled aero-thermal analysis. Significantly lower fluid domain solver invocation counts are demonstrated as opposed to the traditional coupling approach formulated on the estimates of heat transfer coefficient. Numerical results are presented using 2D FE conduction model combined with 2D flow calculation in five separate cavities interconnected through the inlet and outlet boundaries. The coupled solutions are discussed and validated against a nominal stand-alone model. Relative performance of both coupling techniques is evaluated.
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Heider, R., J. M. Duboue, B. Petot, G. Billonnet, V. Couaillier et N. Liamis. « Three-Dimensional Analysis of Turbine Rotor Flow Including Tip Clearance ». Dans ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-111.
Résumé :
A 3D Navier-Stokes investigation of a high pressure turbine rotor blade including tip clearance effects is presented. The 3D Navier-Stokes code developed at ONERA solves the three-dimensional unsteady set of mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations by the finite volume technique. A one step Lax-Wendroff type scheme is used in a rotating frame of reference. An implicit residual smoothing technique has been implemented, which accelerates the convergence towards the steady state. A mixing length model adapted to 3D configurations is used. The turbine rotor flow is calculated at transonic operating conditions. The tip clearance effect is taken into account. The gap region is discretized using more than 55,000 points within a multi-domain approach. The solution accounts for the relative motion of the blade and casing surfaces. The total mesh is composed of five sub-domains and counts 710,000 discretization points. The effect of the tip clearance on the main flow is demonstrated. The calculation results are compared to a 3D inviscid calculation, without tip clearance.
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Strohmaier, Kyle G., et James D. Van de Ven. « Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hydraulic Flywheel Accumulator ». Dans ASME/BATH 2013 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2013-4425.
Résumé :
Improving energy storage technology is an important means of addressing concerns over fossil fuel scarcity and energy independence. Traditional hydraulic accumulator energy storage, though favorable in power density, durability, cost, and environmental impact, suffers from relatively low energy density and a pressure-dependent state of charge. The hydraulic flywheel accumulator concept utilizes both pneumatic and kinetic energy domains by employing a rotating pressure vessel. This paper describes a mathematical model of the hydraulic flywheel accumulator and presents the results of a multi-objective optimization of the associated design parameters. The two optimization objectives are to minimize the total system mass and minimize the total energy converted between the pneumatic and kinetic domains during operation. These objectives are pursued by varying five design parameters: accumulator radius, wall thickness, and length; end cap length; and maximum angular velocity. Constraints on combinations of these design parameters are imposed by material stress, as well as the energy capacity required to complete a specified drive cycle. This optimization approach can be used to guide the design of a hydraulic flywheel accumulator for a variety of different applications.
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Kun-peng, Xing, Xue Yang, Kong De-yan, Dong Wei et Ji Zhen-yan. « Joint Extraction of Entities and Relations Based on Hybrid Feature Representations ». Dans 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93152.
Résumé :
Abstract Although the fine-tuning pre-training model technique has obtained tremendous success in the domains of named entity recognition and relation extraction, realistic scenarios exist with many triples of nested entities and overlapping relations. Existing works focus on solving the overlapping triple problem where multiple relational triples in the same sentence share the same entity. In this work, we introduce a joint entity-relation extraction framework based on hybrid feature representation. Our framework consists of five primary parts: constructing hybrid feature representations, bidirectional LSTM encoder, head entity recognition module, entity type classification, and relation tail entity recognition. First, we fuse character-level vector and word-level vector representations via a max-pooling operation to enrich text feature information. Second, the hybrid feature representation is fed into a bidirectional LSTM to capture the correlation between characters and entities. Third, the head entity recognition module employs two identical binary classifiers to detect the start and end positions of entities separately. Then the entity type classification module filters out entities classified as non-entity types by softmax. Finally, we regard relation tail entity recognition as a machine reading comprehension task to eliminate the problem of entity overlap. Specifically, we regard the combination of head entities and relations as queries to query possible tail entities from the text. This framework efficiently handles the polysemy problem, considerably enhances knowledge extraction efficiency, and accurately extracts overlapping triples in domain texts with complicated relationships.
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Chen, Liuqing, Feng Shi, Ji Han et Peter R. N. Childs. « A Network-Based Computational Model for Creative Knowledge Discovery Bridging Human-Computer Interaction and Data Mining ». Dans ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67228.
Résumé :
As a branch of computational creativity, Creative Knowledge Discovery (CKD) aims to search for valuable, previously unknown, or ignored, relationships between concepts, and create new patterns by taking advantage of existing patterns or by analogy to patterns in other domains. Data mining has been widely used in CKD research. However, most proposed mining algorithms lack a theoretical basis for computational creativity due to their origins in traditional knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), which stymies novelty. In addition, integration of human-computer interaction (HCI) is often overlooked for assisting discovery of creative knowledge despite the human end user possessing problem solving intelligence. To address these issues, a network-based computational model bridging human-computer interaction and data mining is proposed arising from an initial investigation on the theoretical basis of computational creativity. A corresponding creativity evaluation methodology, Multi-dimensional In-depth Long-term Case studies (MILCs) is also introduced. In order to evaluate the proposed model, a web tool called B-Link has been developed. Longitudinal interviews and a questionnaire survey have been conducted by applying the MILCs evaluation method. The success of finding novel items and obtaining inspiration in interviews as well as the positive survey rating results of all five creativity metrics have suggested that B-Link is able to guide thinking processes and aid creative knowledge discovery effectively, which demonstrates the capability of the proposed network-based computational creativity model integrating human-computer interaction and data mining.
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Chen, Lei, Paul A. J. Bonar, Christopher R. Vogel et Thomas A. A. Adcock. « Local Blockage Effects for Idealised Turbines in Tidal Channels ». Dans ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95347.
Résumé :
Abstract In this paper, idealised analytical and numerical models are used to explore the potential for local blockage effects to enhance the performance of turbines in tidal channels. Arrays of turbines modelled using the volume-flux-constrained actuator disc and blade element momentum theories are embedded within one-dimensional analytical and two-dimensional numerical channel domains. The effects of local blockage on the performance of arrays comprising one and five rows of actuator discs and tidal rotors operating in steady and oscillatory channel flow are then examined. In the case of steady flow, numerical results are found to agree very well with the two-scale actuator disc theory of Nishino & Willden [1]. In the case of oscillatory flow, however, numerical results show that the shorter and more highly blocked arrays produce considerably more power than predicted by the one-dimensional two-scale theory. These results support the findings of Bonar et al. [2], who showed that under certain oscillatory flow conditions, the power produced by a partial-width tidal turbine array can be much greater than predicted by two-scale theory. The departure from theory is most noticeable in the case of five turbine rows, where the two-scale theory predicts that the maximum available power should decrease with increasing local blockage but the numerical model shows the maximum available power to increase. The effects of local blockage are found to be less pronounced for the more realistic tidal rotor than for the highly idealised actuator disc but for both models, the results show that in oscillatory flow, considerably more power is available to the shorter and more highly blocked turbine arrays.
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Mitra, Santanu, Ashutosh Kumar et K. P. Sinhamahapatra. « A Fluid-Solid Finite Element Method for the Analysis of Reactor Safety Problems ». Dans ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71604.
Résumé :
The work presented herein can broadly be categorized as a fluid-structure interaction problem. The response of a circular cylindrical structure subjected to cross flow is examined using the finite element method for both the liquid and the structure domains. The cylindrical tube is mounted elastically at the ends and is free to move under the action of the unsteady flow-induced forces. The fluid is considered to be partially compressible and viscous. The flow field is solved using a finite element method applied to the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. The cylinder motion is modeled using a five-degrees of freedom generalized shell element structural dynamics model. The numerical simulations of the response of the calandria tubes/pressure tubes, adjustor rod and shut-off rod of a nuclear reactor are presented. A few typical results are presented to assess the accuracy of the developed modules.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Five Domains Model":
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Ohad, Nir, et Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
Résumé :
Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Powell, Alan. Why How and When did GTAP Happen ? What has it Achieved ? Where is it Heading ? GTAP Working Paper, mai 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp38.
Résumé :
Presented at the 10th Annual Conference on Global Economic Analysis, Purdue University, USA Team research has been much more widespread in the natural sciences than in economics. Yet when it comes to modeling an economy (especially the global economy) in detail, the quantity and range of inputs necessary makes team work the only viable option. Drawing some inspiration from Australian experience, GTAP’s founder, Tom Hertel, realized this from his Project’s inception in 1993. The data base required to model international trade flows could not have been developed without the enthusiastic cooperation of many individuals and institutions around the world. Funding GTAP’s central team at Purdue required external support. National agencies in Australia, Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Japan, and the US are members of the supporting research consortium. The natural interest of international economic agencies led to GTAP having five such supporting agencies by 1997, which grew to ten by 2006. GTAP has striven to put the maximum feasible amount of its data, methodology and models into the public domain. It has run numerous residential intensive training courses in the use of the GTAP data and model: these have been held in the US, Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America. The success of these courses reflects the modeling experience of the teams of course instructors and the availability of special-purpose software which allows simulations to be run without programming skill or previous knowledge of the software used. Researchers making use of GTAP have been prolific in number, and in their output. In mid April 2007, applications on the GTAP web site numbered 781. There were 366 subscribers to the GTAP data base at the end of April 2007, but the number of individuals making use of GTAP data exceeded 4,000.
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Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot et Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.
Résumé :
Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
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Nagahi, Morteza, Raed Jaradat, Mohammad Nagahisarchoghaei, Ghodsieh Ghanbari, Sujan Poudyal et Simon Goerger. Effect of individual differences in predicting engineering students' performance : a case of education for sustainable development. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40700.
Résumé :
The academic performance of engineering students continues to receive attention in the literature. Despite that, there is a lack of studies in the literature investigating the simultaneous relationship between students' systems thinking (ST) skills, Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits, proactive personality scale, academic, demographic, family background factors, and their potential impact on academic performance. Three established instruments, namely, ST skills instrument with seven dimensions, FFM traits with five dimensions, and proactive personality with one dimension, along with a demographic survey, have been administrated for data collection. A cross-sectional web-based study applying Qualtrics has been developed to gather data from engineering students. To demonstrate the prediction power of the ST skills, FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, demographics, and family background factors on the academic performance of engineering students, two unsupervised learning algorithms applied. The study results identify that these unsupervised algorithms succeeded to cluster engineering students' performance regarding primary skills and characteristics. In other words, the variables used in this study are able to predict the academic performance of engineering students. This study also has provided significant implications and contributions to engineering education and education sustainable development bodies of knowledge. First, the study presents a better perception of engineering students' academic performance. The aim is to assist educators, teachers, mentors, college authorities, and other involved parties to discover students' individual differences for a more efficient education and guidance environment. Second, by a closer examination at the level of systemic thinking and its connection with FFM traits, proactive personality, academic, and demographic characteristics, understanding engineering students' skillset would be assisted better in the domain of sustainable education.
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Eshed, Yuval, et John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.
Résumé :
Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.
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Hertel, Thomas, et Jeff Reimer. Estimating the Poverty Impacts of Trade Liberalization. GTAP Working Paper, janvier 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp20.
Résumé :
As a new round of World Trade Organization negotiations is being launched with greater emphasis on developing country participation, a body of literature is emerging which quantifies how international trade affects the poor in developing countries. This survey summarizes and classifies thirty-five studies from this literature into four methodological categories: cross-country regression, partial-equilibrium/cost-of-living analysis, general-equilibrium simulation, and micro-macro synthesis. These categories encompass a broad range of methodologies in current use. The continuum of approaches is bounded on one end by econometric analysis of household expenditure data, which is the traditional domain of poverty specialists, and sometimes labeled the “bottom-up” approach. On the other end of the continuum are computable general equilibrium models based on national accounts data, or what might be called the “top-down” approach. Another feature of several recent trade/poverty studies – and one of the primary conclusions to emerge from the October 2000 Conference on Poverty and the International Economy sponsored by Globkom and the World Bank – is recognition that factor markets are perhaps the most important linkage between trade and poverty, since households tend to be much more specialized in income than they are in consumption. Meanwhile, survey data on the income sources of developing-country households has become increasingly available. As a result, this survey gives particular emphasis to the means by which studies address factor market linkages between trade and poverty. The general conclusion is that any analysis of trade and poverty needs to be informed by both the bottom-up and top-down perspectives. Indeed, recent “two-step” micro-macro studies sequentially link these two types of frameworks, such that general equilibrium mechanisms are incorporated along with detailed household survey information. Another methodology similar in spirit and also increasingly used involves the incorporation of large numbers of surveyed households into a general-equilibrium simulation model. Although most of these studies have so far been limited to a single region, these approaches can be readily adapted for multi-region modeling so that trade-poverty comparisons can be made across countries within a consistent framework.
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Ohad, Nir, et Robert Fischer. Control of Fertilization-Independent Development by the FIE1 Gene. United States Department of Agriculture, août 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575290.bard.
Résumé :
A fundamental problem in biology is to understand how fertilization initiates reproductive development. During plant reproduction, one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form an embryo, whereas a second sperm cell fuses with the adjacent central cell nucleus to form the endosperm tissue that supports embryo and/or seedling development. To understand the mechanisms that initiate reproduction, we have isolated mutants of Arabidopsis that allow for replication of the central cell and subsequent endosperm development without fertilization. In this project we have cloned the MEA gene and showed that it encode a SET- domain polycomb protein. Such proteins are known to form chromatin-protein complexes that repress homeotic gene transcription and influence cell proliferation from Drosophylla to mammals. We propose a model whereby MEA and an additional polycomb protein we have cloned, FIE , function to suppress a critical aspect of early plant reproduction and endosperm development, until fertilization occurs. Using a molecular approach we were able to determine that FIE and MEA interact physically, suggesting that these proteins have been conserved also during the evolution of flowering plants. The analysis of MEA expression pattern revealed that it is an imprinted gene that displays parent-of- origin-dependent monoallelic expression specifically in the endosperm tissue. Silencing of the paternal MEA allele in the endosperm and the phenotype of mutant mea seeds support the parental conflict theory for the evolution of imprinting in plants and mammals. These results contribute new information on the initiation of endosperm development and provide a unique entry point to study asexual reproduction and apomixis which is expected to improve crop production.
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Blake, Carolyn, Benjamin P. Rigby, Roxanne Armstrong-Moore, Peter Barbrook-Johnson, Nigel Gilbert, Mohammad Hassannezhad, Petra Meier et al. Participatory systems mapping for population health research, policy and practice : guidance on method choice and design. University of Glasgow, janvier 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.316563.
Résumé :
What is participatory systems mapping? Participatory systems mapping engages stakeholders with varied knowledge and perspectives in creating a visual representation of a complex system. Its purpose is to explore, and document perceived causal relations between elements in the system. This guidance focuses on six causal systems mapping methods: systems-based theory of change maps; causal loop diagrams; CECAN participatory systems mapping; fuzzy cognitive maps; systems dynamics models; and Bayesian belief networks. What is the purpose of this guidance? This guidance includes a Framework that aids the choice and design of participatory systems mapping approaches for population health research, policy and practice. It offers insights on different systems mapping approaches, by comparing them and highlighting their applications in the population health domain. This guidance also includes case studies, signposting to further reading and resources, and recommendations on enhancing stakeholder involvement in systems mapping. Who is this guidance for? This guidance is designed for anyone interested in using participatory systems mapping, regardless of prior knowledge or experience. It primarily responds to calls to support the growing demand for systems mapping (and systems-informed approaches more broadly) in population health research, policy and practice. This guidance can however also be applied to other disciplines. How was it developed? The guidance was created by an interdisciplinary research team through an iterative, rigorous fivestage process that included a scoping review, key informant interviews, and a consultation exercise with subject experts. What is the ‘Participatory Systems Design Framework’ included in this guidance? The Design Framework supports users to choose between different methods and enhance the design of participatory systems mapping projects. Specifically, it encourages users to consider: 1) the added value of adopting a participatory approach to systems mapping; 2) the differences between methods, including their relative advantages and disadvantages; and 3) the feasibility of using particular methods for a given purpose. An editable version of the Framework is available to download as a supplementary file. How will this guidance support future use of these methods? Participatory systems mapping is an exciting and evolving field. This guidance clarifies and defines the use of these methods in population health research, policy and practice, to encourage more thoughtful and purposeful project design, implementation, and reporting. The guidance also identifies several aspects for future research and development: methodological advancements; advocating for and strengthening participatory approaches; strengthening reporting; understanding and demonstrating the use of maps; and developing skills for the design and use of these methods.
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban et E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.
Résumé :
Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.