Thèses : « Fixed margins »

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Hendrickson, Gretchen. « Stability of rater agreement measures the effect of shifting cell values within fixed margins / ». Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6275.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 28, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.

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Mirshawka, Valéria Zimpeck. « Preços de transferência : diferentes visões ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-22042013-093407/.

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O presente estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o regime brasileiro de controle dos preços de transferência sob o enfoque das diferentes visões que o tema pode apresentar. Inicialmente são relatadas suas principais características como a questão do arms length principle, seu histórico e aplicação, para em seguida falar-se acerca da disciplina no âmbito da OCDE e no direito comparado. Na sequência é abordada a legislação brasileira sobre o tema, a posição da jurisprudência, seu confronto com a valoração aduaneira, bem como sua relação com os acordos para se evitar a dupla tributação. Após configurado este cenário de introdução do estudo e seus principais contornos, são efetivamente analisadas as diferentes visões que o tema pode apresentar, notadamente em relação à recepção do arms length, a adoção de margens fixas e a questão da superioridade hierarquica dos tratados para se evitar a dupla tributação e a lei interna, no caso a lei dos preços de transferência
This study examines the Brazilian Transfer Pricing Regime from the standpoint of the different views that the issue may have. Initially the main characteristics are reported, for example, the arm\'s length principle, its history and application, thereafter it advocates the discipline within the OECD and comparative law. Following is addressed the Brazilian Transfer Pricing legislation, the position of jurisprudence facing with the customs valuation, and their relation with the double tax treaty. Once set up this introduction study scenario and its main outlines, are effectively analyzed the different views that the subject may have, especially with respect to the receipt of the arm\'s length principle, the adoption of fixed margins and the issue of hierarchical superiority of double tax treaties and domestic law, in case, transfer pricings law.

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Al, Habbaki Patricia. « Les incidences des politiques de commerce extérieur et de change sur les échanges commerciaux des pays du Mashrek (Liban, Syrie Jordanie et Egypte) ». Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR1007/document.

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En dépit du renforcement de leur ouverture commerciale, le commerce extérieur des pays du Mashrek a presque toujours affiché des chiffres plutôt négatifs. Selon la littérature, l'ouverture commerciale est une des conditions permettant une croissance vigoureuse d'un pays. Néanmoins, la tendance constatée à la lumière des données du commerce de ces pays, traduirait une réalité alarmante. L'ouverture ne s'est pas traduite par une accélération des niveaux des investissements, ni par une création d'emplois. Est-ce que les politiques commerciales et de change menées par les pays du Mashrek sont responsables de cette persistance des déficits commerciaux ? Motivée par l’aggravation remarquable du solde de la balance commerciale libanaise survenue dans le profil global des échanges extérieurs du Liban, la présente recherche examine le comportement dynamique des exportations et importations libanaises en comparaison avec ses pays voisins (la Syrie, l’Egypte et la Jordanie) dans un contexte économique régional et international en mutation, en proposant une analyse empirique des déterminants des flux commerciaux ayant pour objet d’établir dans quelle mesure la politique commerciale et de change seraient responsables des faits stylisés observés
Despite the strengthening of their commercial openness, the Mashreq countries trade has rather always displayed negative results. According to the literature, opening up trade is one of the conditions leading to any country’s vigorous growth. Nevertheless, the trend found in the light of these countries’ trade data, indicates an alarming reality. The openness was neither translated into accelerated levels of investments nor created new job opportunities. Are the trade and exchange rate policies pursued by the Mashreq countries responsible for this persistence in trade deficits ? Motivated by outstanding worsening deflection of the trade balance in the overall Lebanese external trade profile, the current research examines the dynamic behavior of the Lebanese exports and imports compared to its neighboring countries (Syria, Egypt, and Jordan) in a regional and international changing economic context. An empirical analysis of the trade flows determinants was adopted in order to establish to what extent the trade and Exchange policies would be responsible for the observed stylized facts

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Briglauer, Wolfgang, Georg Götz et Anton Schwarz. « Margin Squeeze in Fixed-Network Telephony Markets - competitive or anticompetitive ? » Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3070/1/wp13.pdf.

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This paper looks at the effects of different forms of wholesale and retail regulation on retail competition in fixed network telephony markets. We explicitly model two asymmetries between the incumbent operator and two entrants: (i) While the incumbent has zero marginal costs, the entrant has the wholesale access charge as (positive) marginal costs; (ii) While the incumbent is setting a two-part tariff at the retail level (fixed fee and calls price), the entrant can only set a linear price for calls. We model the product of the incumbent as horizontally differentiated from the products of the entrants who are homogenous and do not have any market power. Competition from other infrastructures such as mobile telephony or cable is modelled as an "outside opportunity" for consumers. We find that entrants without market power might be subject to a margin squeeze if the wholesale access price is set at average costs and competitive pressure from other infrastructures increases. Product differentiation, however, prevents market foreclosure. We argue that a wholesale price regulation at average costs is not optimal in such a situation and discuss retail-minus and deregulation as potential alternatives. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics

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Fridell, Anna, et Hanna Josefsson. « The influence of seating load on internal and marginal fit of a fixed dental prosthesis ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19974.

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Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur olika axiala tryck och skjuvkrafter påverkade marginal och intern passform i en sexledsbro i titan i överkäkens frontregion.Material och metod: En litteratursökning gjordes för att insamla bakgrundsmaterial. Stödtänderna 13 12 11 21 22 23 preparerades på en plastmodell för en sexledsbro och en anatomiskt utformad bro i titan framställdes med hjälp CAD/CAM. En mastermodell av stödtänderna tillverkades i epoxyresin. Genom att använda replikateknik utvärderades brons passform vid olika cementeringstryck; 20, 35, 50, 70 N och 50 N med skjuvkrafter. Varje replika snittades med hjälp av en ”jig” och cementspalten analyserades i ett mikroskop. All data granskades statistiskt.Resultat: Resultatet visade att ett tryck med 20 N generellt gav en ej acceptabel passform och ett tryck med 35 N hade en stor spridning. Vid tryck med 50 N kunde mindre cementspalter ses. De blev inte mindre vid test med 70 N. När skjuvkrafter adderades försämrades resultaten jämfört med försöken med 50 N och 70 N.Konklusion: Ett tryck vid cementering som överstiger 50 N förbättrar ej passformen markant. Närvaro av skjuvkrafter påverkar passformen negativt. Ett lägre tryck på 20 N ger dock en mindre fördelaktig passform jämfört med skjuvkrafter förutsatt att ett tillräckligt högt tryck används. Alla slutsatser var statistiskt signifikanta.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how different axial seating loads and shear loads influences the marginal and internal fit of a titanium six unit FDP in the upper jaw frontal region.Materials and Methods: A literature search was made to acquire background material. Preparations of abutment teeth for a six unit FDP 13 12 11 21 22 23 were made on plastic teeth, and an anatomically designed titanium FDP was constructed using CAD/CAM. A master cast of the abutment teeth was fabricated in epoxy resin. Using the impression replica technique the fit of the FDP was evaluated by different seating loads during cementation; 20, 35, 50, 70 N and 50 N under the presence of shear loads. The replicas were sectioned using a jig and the cement gap was analysed using a microscope. All the data were statistically analysed.Results: The results showed that a seating load of 20 N generally gave an unacceptable fit and that the seating load of 35 N had great range. At seating loads of 50 N less cement gaps could be seen, i.e. more favourable fit. These results did not improve when testing with 70 N. With a presence of shear loads the results were poorer than when testing with 50 and 70 N.Conclusions: A seating load exceeding 50 N during cementation does not markedly give a more favourable fit. The presence of shear loads affects the fit negatively. A lower seating load of 20 N gives a less favourable fit compared to shear loads provided that a seating load high enough is used. All of these conclusions were statistically significant.

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Almustafa, Nawaf Mohammed. « The use of CAD CAM for fixed partial prostheses ». Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/7185f4c0-4f47-4072-8b0a-7ae09c1e8c01.

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Due to the increasing demand from patients and dentists for highly aesthetic and strong, metal-free restorations there has been a rapid increase in research into dental CAD CAM technique and zirconia based restorations over the last decade. Such new technology has the potential to take the place of conventional techniques and materials for fabricating indirect dental restorations in the future. In this PhD thesis, five laboratory studies were designed to investigate zirconia bridges constructed using dental CAD CAM. The studies concentrated on: 1. Ideal force applied by dentists for cementing zirconia bridges and the impact on seating. 2. The effect of firing cycles and zirconia thickness on the fit of zirconia bridges. 3. The effect of span length on the fit of three and four unit all zirconia bridges. 4. The effect of veneering on the strength of three unit zirconia bridges. 5. The fit of three unit all zirconia bridges produced by digital and conventional techniques. For these laboratory studies an ideal three unit (and four unit for study 3) fixed-fixed all ceramic bridge preparation was carried out on two plastic teeth and all SLA models and zirconia based bridges were made using the Lava COS and Lava™ CAD CAM system (3M, ESPE). In addition to the laboratory studies, a clinical audit was carried out to assess satisfaction (dentist, dental technician and patient) with zirconia based restorations (through a xvi series of questionnaires) made and fitted at Dundee Dental Hospital and School. In addition, as part of this audit a simple cost analysis was carried out to explore the differences in cost between zirconia based restorations and high fusing gold alloy based metal ceramic restorations. Four of the studies (studies 1, 2, 3 and 5) investigated the internal and marginal fit of the zirconia based restorations under differing laboratory and clinical procedures and conditions. It was found that the seating force used to cement a zirconia based bridge had no impact upon fit (Study 1). Whilst the thickness of zirconia (all-zirconia bridge and un-veneered zirconia framework) did not affect the fit of the restoration, veneering the framework did lead to a statistically significant deterioration in fit (Study 2). Although leading to a poorer fit veneering did have a positive effect in strengthening the zirconia framework, but neither un-veneered nor veneered frameworks were as strong as monolithic/all zirconia bridges (Study 4). Despite the high shrinkage during post milling sintering and the potential for greater distortion on longer span bridges, the longer span bridges investigated in Study 3 did not impact upon fit. In study 1, 2, 3 and 4 the Lava COS intra-oral scanner was used to create a digital impression of the tooth preparations and study 5 confirmed that the fit of bridges made from these impressions were better than those made using conventional addition cured silicone putty and wash impressions (Study 5). The results of the questionnaires used in the audit revealed high satisfaction rates with all stake holders and the cost analysis showed that producing zirconia based restorations can be five to six times cheaper than conventional gold based restorations. Despite the variations in fit which were found in Studies 2 and 5, all bridges produced were within what would be regarded as clinically acceptable and comparable to those produced with more traditional techniques.

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Pinto, Tatiana Saretta Ferreira. « Avaliação da adaptação marginal de copings cerâmicos obtidos por diferentes métodos de moldagem / ». São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157331.

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Orientador: Rodrigo Máximo de Araújo
Banca: Vinícius Anéas Rodrigues
Banca : Eduardo Galera da Silva
Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal de copings cerâmicos obtidos pelos métodos de moldagem convencional e escaneamento. Os modelos foram separados em 3 grupos para avaliação e todas as coroas foram confeccionadas sobre um modelo mestre previamente fabricado em CoCr. Grupo 1: Com o auxílio de uma moldeira individual cilíndrica de acrílico foram reproduzidas 10 moldagens com silicona de adição (Panasil) no modelo mestre pela técnica de moldagem dupla e replicados dez modelos físicos em gesso pedra Fuji Rock.Sobre esses modelos foi realizado o enceramento dos copings, confecção dos sprues de cera e sobre eles foi realizada a injeção da cerâmica Grupo 2: foram realizadas 10 moldagens diretas com scanner extraoral (Swing Dental Scanner) no modelo mestre. As imagens foram obtidas através do software Exocad e copings em IPS-Emax CAD foram confeccionados em fresadora (Ceramill Motion 2) para posterior sinterização da cerâmica. Grupo 3: foram realizadas 10 moldagens diretas com scanner intraoral (CEREC Bluecam) no modelo mestre. As imagens foram obtidas através do software Exocad. Copings em IPS-Emax CAD foram confeccionados em fresadora (Ceramill Motion 2) para posterior sinterização da cerâmica. Os copings de cerâmica não foram cimentados no modelo mestre, apenas posicionados e mantidos com pressão constante de 1,4 a 1,5 kg durante a medição, com a ajuda de um delineador adaptado para esse trabalho, onde oito pontos eletivos foram usados como referência para med... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
The objective of the study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of ceramic crowns obtained by conventional molding and scanning methods. The models were separated into 3 groups for evaluation and all the crowns were made on a master model previously manufactured in CoCr. For group 1: With the aid of a single cylindrical acrylic tray the master model was molded 10 times with Panasil in the master model by the technique of double molding and replicated ten physical models in stone gypsum Fuji Rock. On these models was done the waxing of the copings, making the sprues of wax and on them was carried out the injection of the ceramics In group 2, 10 direct impressions were performed with the Swing Dental Scanner (Korea) extra oral scanner in the master model. The images were obtained through the software Exocad (GmbH) and copings in IPS-Emax CAD were made in the Ceramill Motion 2 (Amanngirrbach) mill for subsequent sintering of the ceramics. In group 3, 10 direct impressions were performed with the CEREC Bluecam intraoral scanner (Sirona Dental Systems) in the master model. The images were obtained through the Exocad (GmbH) software. IPS-Emax CAD copings were made in the Ceramill Motion 2 (Amanngirrbach) mill for subsequent sintering of the ceramic. Ceramic copings were not cemented in the master model, only positioned and maintained with a constant pressure of 1.4 to 1.5 kg during the measurement, with the aid of an eyeliner adapted for this work, where eight elective points were used as reference to measure the vertical distance between the end line of the master model and the end line of the copings. The margin at each point was measured 3 times with stereo microscope Discovery V20 (ZEISS). The mean was calculated and submitted to the ANOVA variance test "with a significance level of 5% and the following results were obtained: 66.15μm for group 1; 67.48μm for group ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre

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Fragoso, Wagner Sotero. « Adaptação marginal de infra-estruturas implanto-retidas obtidas por tecnica de fundição-sobre-analogos ». [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289194.

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Orientador: Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fragoso_WagnerSotero_M.pdf: 846623 bytes, checksum: 8a6eb47d9e498f7baef57b0a8a9006b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: A redução de desajustes marginais em estruturas suportadas por implantes osseointegrados é requerida para maior longevidade das fixações. Este trabalho teve o propósito de avaliar o desajuste marginal de infra-estruturas metálicas implanto-retidas fundidas em titânio comercialmente puro (Ti c.p.) pela técnica de fundição-sobre-análogos, comparando os resultados com estruturas obtidas pela incorporação de cilindros cimentados e pela técnica convencional de fundição tipo monobloco. A partir de uma matriz metálica mandibular contendo 05 análogos de abutments tipo Micro Unit, 10 estruturas foram obtidas de modelos elaborados em revestimento pela fundição-sobre-análogos. Estruturas com cilindros incorporados mediante cimentação por agente resinoso e pela técnica convencional em monobloco, foram manufaturadas de outros 20 modelos elaborados em gesso. As leituras de desajuste foram conduzidas num microscópio mensurador com aumento de 120X, tendo sido baseadas no protocolo do aperto de 10 Ncm em um único parafuso distalmente posicionado e avaliação de desajuste no segmento em alça. Pelo Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey foram constatadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (P=0,01) entre os valores médios do grupo cilindro cimentado (27,90±6,61µm), monobloco (332,87±63,91µm) e fundição-sobre-análogos (97,70±40,53µm). As estruturas metálicas implanto-retidas obtidas pela técnica de fundição-sobre-análogos apresentaram melhor adaptação marginal que as fundidas em monobloco, mas com maior desajuste que as estruturas com cilindros cimentados
Abstract: The reduction of marginal gap in osseointegrated implant-supported frameworks is required for longevity of the settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal misfit of cast implant-retained frameworks made from commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) comparing: the over-analog casting technique, cemented cylinders technique, and the conventional one-piece casting technique. From a mandibular master cast containing 05 Micro Unit abutment analogs, 10 frameworks were made from investment material for over-analog casting technique. Twenty dental stone casts were used for both cemented cylinder and one-piece casting techniques. A resinous agent was used for the cemented cylinders technique. The marginal gaps were measured using a traveling microscope (×120) by means of single-screw test protocol: tightness of 10 Ncm of distal screw and evaluation of marginal gap in the opposed extension. Mean marginal misfit data were calculated for each framework. Analysis of Variance and Tukey test exhibited statistical significant differences (P=0.01) among the misfit mean values of the cemented cylinders group (27.90±6.61µm), one-piece casting group (332.87±63.91µm) and over-analog casting group (97.70±40.53µm). The over-analog casting technique provided a smaller marginal misfit than one-piece casting technique, however the over-analog casting technique resulted in a higher marginal gap than cemented cylinders technique
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

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Lopes, Leonardo Ferreira de Toledo Piza. « Avaliação da precisão de aquisição de dados nos Sistemas CAD/CAM : desadaptação marginal horizontal / ». Araçatuba, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123982.

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Orientador: Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
Coorientador: José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro
Banca: Fellippo Ramos Verri
Banca: Sandra Lúcia Dantas de Moraes
Resumo: Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal horizontal de infraestruturas de próteses fixas confeccionadas pelo sistema CAD-CAM com três diferentes sistemas de aquisição de dados. Material e Métodos: Foram confeccionados 50 corpos de prova divididos em 5 grupos, sendo eles, Convencional (Ni-Cr); GI: iTero; GII: CerecBluecam/fresadora industrial; GIII: 3S; GIV: CerecBluecam/ fresadora Sirona, todos com n=10. Os corpos de prova foram numerados e randomizados, realizou-se análise da desadaptação marginal horizontal, esta dividida em positiva para sobre-contorno e negativa para subcontorno. Resultados: A análise intra-examinador revelou não haver diferença estatística entre os dois períodos de análise (t pareado=0.019; p=0.985). Em relação as desadaptações de sobre-contorno (valores positivos) podemos analisar que o grupo controle (Convencional) apresentou estatisticamente (p <0.001) menores valores de desadaptação (82 μm) quando comparado com o grupo CAD/CAM (144 μm). Ao comparar o sistema intra/extra-oral pode-se observar que o grupo intra-oral (iTero) apresentou melhores resultados, sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significante (p <0.001) que o extra-oral (3s). Já avaliando a diferença entre um sistema aberto com um fechado foi observado que o sistema aberto apresentou estatisticamente menor desadaptação (p<0.001). Quando avaliou-se a "quebra" de um sistema fechado (Cerec BlueCam) para sua fresagem a nível industrial notou-se que há desvantagens em tal procedimento, pois houve estatisticamente maiores desadaptações no grupo da "quebra" do sistema (p<0.001). Em contra partida nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada em todas as análises quando se comparou desadaptação por sub contorno. Significância: Avaliando a discrepância...
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the horizontal marginal fit of frameworks produced by CAD/CAM systems with 3 different data acquisition. Material and Methods: We fabricated 50 frameworks divided into 5 groups, Conventional (Ni- Cr); GI: iTero; GII: CerecBluecam/industrial milling; GIII: 3S; GIV: CerecBluecam/Sirona, all with n = 10. We numbered the specimens and analyzed them randomly. Results: Intra-observer analisys indicated no statistically significant difference (paired t-test=0.019; p=0.985). In relation to the overextended horizontal marginal discrepancy (Positive Values) can analyze that the Control group (Conventional) had significantly (p < 0.001) minor discrepancy values (82 μm) when compared to the CAD / CAM group (144 μm). When comparing the systems intra/extra oral can be appreciated that the intra oral group (Itero) presented statistically best results when comparing(p < 0.001) that the extra oral ( 3s ). Evaluating the difference between the open system with closed was observed that the open system had statistically smaller misfit (p < 0.001). Evaluating the "broke" of a closed system (Cerec Bluecam) your industrial milling had statistically (p < 0.001) worse adaptation when compared to the laboratorial milling. About the under extended marginal discrepancy, in all analysis there was not found statistically significant difference. Significance: Assessing the horizontal marginal discrepancy was possible to note that in relation to the overextended the control group had statistically better results than the CAD/CAM systems, however the Cerec Bluecam system by sirona milling had better results than all CAD/CAM system and also the control group. There was no difference between the under extended misfit and all analysis
Mestre

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Lopes, Leonardo Ferreira de Toledo Piza [UNESP]. « Avaliação da precisão de aquisição de dados nos Sistemas CAD/CAM : desadaptação marginal horizontal ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123982.

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Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal horizontal de infraestruturas de próteses fixas confeccionadas pelo sistema CAD-CAM com três diferentes sistemas de aquisição de dados. Material e Métodos: Foram confeccionados 50 corpos de prova divididos em 5 grupos, sendo eles, Convencional (Ni-Cr); GI: iTero; GII: CerecBluecam/fresadora industrial; GIII: 3S; GIV: CerecBluecam/ fresadora Sirona, todos com n=10. Os corpos de prova foram numerados e randomizados, realizou-se análise da desadaptação marginal horizontal, esta dividida em positiva para sobre-contorno e negativa para subcontorno. Resultados: A análise intra-examinador revelou não haver diferença estatística entre os dois períodos de análise (t pareado=0.019; p=0.985). Em relação as desadaptações de sobre-contorno (valores positivos) podemos analisar que o grupo controle (Convencional) apresentou estatisticamente (p <0.001) menores valores de desadaptação (82 μm) quando comparado com o grupo CAD/CAM (144 μm). Ao comparar o sistema intra/extra-oral pode-se observar que o grupo intra-oral (iTero) apresentou melhores resultados, sendo essa diferença estatisticamente significante (p <0.001) que o extra-oral (3s). Já avaliando a diferença entre um sistema aberto com um fechado foi observado que o sistema aberto apresentou estatisticamente menor desadaptação (p<0.001). Quando avaliou-se a quebra de um sistema fechado (Cerec BlueCam) para sua fresagem a nível industrial notou-se que há desvantagens em tal procedimento, pois houve estatisticamente maiores desadaptações no grupo da quebra do sistema (p<0.001). Em contra partida nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada em todas as análises quando se comparou desadaptação por sub contorno. Significância: Avaliando a discrepância...
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the horizontal marginal fit of frameworks produced by CAD/CAM systems with 3 different data acquisition. Material and Methods: We fabricated 50 frameworks divided into 5 groups, Conventional (Ni- Cr); GI: iTero; GII: CerecBluecam/industrial milling; GIII: 3S; GIV: CerecBluecam/Sirona, all with n = 10. We numbered the specimens and analyzed them randomly. Results: Intra-observer analisys indicated no statistically significant difference (paired t-test=0.019; p=0.985). In relation to the overextended horizontal marginal discrepancy (Positive Values) can analyze that the Control group (Conventional) had significantly (p < 0.001) minor discrepancy values (82 μm) when compared to the CAD / CAM group (144 μm). When comparing the systems intra/extra oral can be appreciated that the intra oral group (Itero) presented statistically best results when comparing(p < 0.001) that the extra oral ( 3s ). Evaluating the difference between the open system with closed was observed that the open system had statistically smaller misfit (p < 0.001). Evaluating the broke of a closed system (Cerec Bluecam) your industrial milling had statistically (p < 0.001) worse adaptation when compared to the laboratorial milling. About the under extended marginal discrepancy, in all analysis there was not found statistically significant difference. Significance: Assessing the horizontal marginal discrepancy was possible to note that in relation to the overextended the control group had statistically better results than the CAD/CAM systems, however the Cerec Bluecam system by sirona milling had better results than all CAD/CAM system and also the control group. There was no difference between the under extended misfit and all analysis

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Pinto, Tatiana Saretta Ferreira [UNESP]. « Avaliação da adaptação marginal de copings cerâmicos obtidos por diferentes métodos de moldagem ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157331.

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O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal de copings cerâmicos obtidos pelos métodos de moldagem convencional e escaneamento. Os modelos foram separados em 3 grupos para avaliação e todas as coroas foram confeccionadas sobre um modelo mestre previamente fabricado em CoCr. Grupo 1: Com o auxílio de uma moldeira individual cilíndrica de acrílico foram reproduzidas 10 moldagens com silicona de adição (Panasil) no modelo mestre pela técnica de moldagem dupla e replicados dez modelos físicos em gesso pedra Fuji Rock.Sobre esses modelos foi realizado o enceramento dos copings, confecção dos sprues de cera e sobre eles foi realizada a injeção da cerâmica Grupo 2: foram realizadas 10 moldagens diretas com scanner extraoral (Swing Dental Scanner) no modelo mestre. As imagens foram obtidas através do software Exocad e copings em IPS-Emax CAD foram confeccionados em fresadora (Ceramill Motion 2) para posterior sinterização da cerâmica. Grupo 3: foram realizadas 10 moldagens diretas com scanner intraoral (CEREC Bluecam) no modelo mestre. As imagens foram obtidas através do software Exocad. Copings em IPS-Emax CAD foram confeccionados em fresadora (Ceramill Motion 2) para posterior sinterização da cerâmica. Os copings de cerâmica não foram cimentados no modelo mestre, apenas posicionados e mantidos com pressão constante de 1,4 a 1,5 kg durante a medição, com a ajuda de um delineador adaptado para esse trabalho, onde oito pontos eletivos foram usados como referência para medir a distância vertical entre a linha de término do modelo mestre e a linha de término dos copings. A margem em cada ponto foi medida 3 vezes com estéreomicroscópio Discovery V20 (ZEISS). A média de desadaptação marginal foi calculada e submetida ao teste de variância de um fator ANOVA com nível de significância de 5% e foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: 66,15µm para o grupo 1; 67,48µm para o grupo 2 e 72,91µm para o grupo 3,verificando assim que esses valores não diferem estatisticamente e todos estão dentro do limite de aceitabilidade clínica
The objective of the study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of ceramic crowns obtained by conventional molding and scanning methods. The models were separated into 3 groups for evaluation and all the crowns were made on a master model previously manufactured in CoCr. For group 1: With the aid of a single cylindrical acrylic tray the master model was molded 10 times with Panasil in the master model by the technique of double molding and replicated ten physical models in stone gypsum Fuji Rock. On these models was done the waxing of the copings, making the sprues of wax and on them was carried out the injection of the ceramics In group 2, 10 direct impressions were performed with the Swing Dental Scanner (Korea) extra oral scanner in the master model. The images were obtained through the software Exocad (GmbH) and copings in IPS-Emax CAD were made in the Ceramill Motion 2 (Amanngirrbach) mill for subsequent sintering of the ceramics. In group 3, 10 direct impressions were performed with the CEREC Bluecam intraoral scanner (Sirona Dental Systems) in the master model. The images were obtained through the Exocad (GmbH) software. IPS-Emax CAD copings were made in the Ceramill Motion 2 (Amanngirrbach) mill for subsequent sintering of the ceramic. Ceramic copings were not cemented in the master model, only positioned and maintained with a constant pressure of 1.4 to 1.5 kg during the measurement, with the aid of an eyeliner adapted for this work, where eight elective points were used as reference to measure the vertical distance between the end line of the master model and the end line of the copings. The margin at each point was measured 3 times with stereo microscope Discovery V20 (ZEISS). The mean was calculated and submitted to the ANOVA variance test "with a significance level of 5% and the following results were obtained: 66.15μm for group 1; 67.48μm for group 2 and 72.91μm for group 3, thus verifying that these values do not differ statistically and all are within the limit of clinical acceptability.

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Verhelst, Norman D., Reinhold Hatzinger et Patrick Mair. « The Rasch Sampler ». Foundation for Open Access Statistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18637/jss.v020.i04.

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The Rasch sampler is an efficient algorithm to sample binary matrices with given marginal sums. It is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. The program can handle matrices of up to 1024 rows and 64 columns. A special option allows to sample square matrices with given marginals and fixed main diagonal, a problem prominent in social network analysis. In all cases the stationary distribution is uniform. The user has control on the serial dependency. (authors' abstract)

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Kersuzan, Claire. « Le devenir des orphelins au Burundi : analyse des conséquences de l’expérience précoce du décès parental dans un contexte de crise socio-politique ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40057/document.

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Ce travail se propose d’examiner les conséquences du décès parental précoce sur la trajectoire biographique des enfants, dans un régime de mortalité où la principale perturbation n’est pas le VIH/SIDA, mais une grave crise socio-politique. Le Burundi est l’un des épicentres du conflit traversé dans les années 90 par la région des Grands Lacs. A l’aide des données de l’Enquête Socio-Démographique et de Santé de la Reproduction (ESDSR) menée au Burundi en 2002, nous analysons l’impact du décès parental précoce sur un grand nombre de dimensions du parcours de vie des enfants burundais: mortalité, violence et exploitation sexuelle, séparation des membres de la fratrie, scolarité, entrée précoce dans le travail, ressources, conditions de l’héritage, entrée dans la vie reproductive et familiale. Ces analyses sont menées selon l’âge de l’enfant au moment du décès d’au moins un de ses parents, tout en cherchant à évaluer l’effet de la cause de décès des parents (crise/autre cause) sur les résultats obtenus. On montre que la perturbation du parcours de vie des enfants ayant précocement vécu le décès de leur père est mineure. A l’inverse l’expérience précoce de la mère ou du dernier parent survivant affecte la plupart des dimensions de la trajectoire biographique des enfants. La crise burundaise amplifie et, dans certains cas, transforme voire renverse la relation entre l’expérience précoce du décès d’au moins un parent et la trajectoire des enfants. L’orphelin à cause des massacres de masse de 1993 est un orphelin « politique » dont la protection et le soutien par les instances politiques, militaires, administratives et humanitaires est devenu un enjeu de la crise elle-même
The aim of this paper is to analyze lifetime effects of parental death during childhood, in a country context where HIV/AIDS isn’t the main cause of death among young adults but deaths caused by a major socio-political crisis. During the 90’s, Burundi hosted the cradle of the regional conflict in the Great Lakes. A 2002 demographic, social and reproductive health survey in Burundi (ESDSR) will provide us the information required to analyze impact of early parental death, on a complex panel of life perspectives for children: mortality, violence and sexual abuse, separation of siblings, schooling, working at early age, resources, heritage, early marriage and age at first birth. These analyses are led by child age at early parental death, along with an attempt to estimate the effect from the cause of this death (crisis or other) on results. The strength of leading conclusions is consolidated by the mean of exchanging results, these results being derived from several analysis methods: bivariate and multivariate logistic models adapted or not to clustered data (standard, multilevel, marginal and fixed-effects logistic regressions).We bring lights on the minor effect of early father loss on child life trajectory. On the contrary, early mother or last living parent death experience affects almost every child life trajectory. Burundi crisis emphases but in some cases, reverses those effects from negative to positive. 1993 mass slaughters orphans are “political” orphans. Their political, military, administrative and humanitarian protections became part of the main goals, in the crisis itself

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Daroz, Luiz Gustavo Dias. « Fresamento corretivo de estruturas implanto-retidas : influencia na adaptação marginal e na confiabilidade do teste do parafuso unico ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289193.

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Orientador: Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A obtenção de uma peça perfeitamente adaptada aos componentes de retenção, mantendo a resistência estrutural a custo acessível é o principal objetivo durante a construção de uma prótese implanto-retida de múltiplos elementos. Além disto, julgar a qualidade da adaptação das peças depende da confiabilidade dos métodos existentes para determinação da passividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o desajuste marginal de infra-estruturas metálicas implanto-retidas tipo monobloco antes e após o fresamento corretivo destas peças empregando retificador manual. Avaliou-se ainda a hipótese de que os procedimentos de fresamento corretivo podem ter influência sobre a confiabilidade do teste do parafuso único utilizado para averiguação de adaptação marginal de peças múltiplas sobre implantes. Foram confeccionadas 40 infra-estruturas metálicas pela técnica do monobloco, sendo 20 fundidas em titânio comercialmente puro (Ti c.p.) e outras 20 fundidas em liga de cobalto-cromo (Cr-Cr). Para tal, utilizou-se matriz metálica simulando a disposição clínica de implantes osseointegrados na região interforames mentonianos contendo 5 análogos de pilares cônicos para peças múltiplas padrão Branemark (Micro-Unit - Conexão) e cilindros protéticos calcináveis compatíveis. As peças confeccionadas em Ti c.p. e em Co-Cr, foram subdivididas em 2 subgrupos (n=10) de acordo com a seqüência de retificação a que foram impostas: Seqüência A ¿ fresamento corretivo das bordas de adaptação dos cilindros protéticos seguido do fresamento corretivo da base de assentamento da cabeça do parafuso protético ao pilar; e, Seqüência B ¿ fresamento corretivo da base de assentamento da cabeça do parafuso protético ao pilar seguido do fresamento corretivo das bordas de adaptação dos cilindros protéticos. A conduta forneceu um total de 4 grupos experimentais (Titânio A e B; Co-Cr A e B). As leituras de desajuste marginal, realizadas sobre a matriz metálica e com auxílio de um microscópio mensurador, foram baseadas na técnica do parafuso único e realizadas em cada estrutura antes e após cada etapa de retificação corretiva. As médias de desajuste marginal de cada estrutura foram calculadas e consideradas como uma unidade para a análise estatística. O teste de Friedman foi aplicado com nível de significância de 5% para avaliar o efeito dos diferentes passos de retificação sobre o desajuste marginal. Nos Grupos Ti A e B, assim como no Grupo Co-Cr A, não foi observada diferença significativa entre as condições experimentais (Grupo Ti A, p=0,9048; Grupo Ti B, p=0,273 e Grupo Co-Cr A, p=0,4966). Porém, diferenças estatisticamente significativas foram observadas no Grupo Co-Cr B, após a retificação corretiva das bordas dos cilindros fundidos (p=0,0017). Foi concluído que os procedimentos de fresamento corretivo não mostraram efeito significativo sobre a adaptação marginal das pecas de titânio. Contudo, em um grupo de peças fundidas em Co-Cr, a retificação das bordas dos cilindros mostrou efeito adverso sobre a passividade. Os procedimentos de fresamento corretivo parecem não apresentar influência significativa sobre a confiabilidade do teste do parafuso único, porém, devem ser realizados cuidadosamente, necessitando de aperfeiçoamentos para uma utilização segura
Abstract: The fabrication of a passively fitting framework over abutments and fixtures, maintaining its structural integrity and with a low costs, is the ultimate goal of the construction process of a multi-unit implant-support prosthesis. Furthermore, the accuracy and reliability of the passive fit determination methods have a crucial hole on framework misfit analysis. The objective was to evaluate the passive fit by the single-screw test method of cast commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) implantsupported frameworks after the corrective finishing of cast cylinders fitting borders and screw seats. The hypothesis tested was that finishing procedures could affect the single screw test measurements reliability. Were fabricated 40 frameworks by onepiece casting method, being 20 CP Ti frameworks and others 20 Co-Cr frameworks. A metallic index containing 05 Branemark-type multi-unit abutment analogs and respective calcinable cylinders were used to frameworks fabrication. The CP Ti and Co-Cr frames were assembled in 2 sub-groups (n=10) accordingly with the finishing sequence proposed: Group A - corrective finishing of cast cylinder borders followed by corrective finishing of cast cylinder screw seats - and Group B - corrective finishing of cast cylinder screw seats followed by corrective finishing of cast cylinder borders-. This conduct produce 4 experimental groups (CPTi A and B; Co-Cr A and B). The marginal gaps, assessed over the metallic matrix using a traveling microscope, were carried out before and after each corrective finishing step accordingly with one screw test protocol. The marginal misfit means of each framework was considered as a unit to statistical analyses. The Friedman¿s test was used with significance level set as 5% to analyze the effect of the different corrective finishing steps over frameworks passive fit. In the CPTi A and B Groups, and in the Co-Cr A Group, there was no significant differences between experimental conditions (Group CPTi A, p=0.9048; Group CPTi B, p=0.273 and Grupo Co-Cr A, p=0.4966). However, in the CPTi B Group, a significant difference was found after cast cylinder fitting borders corrective finishing (p=0.0015). It was concluded that the finishing process does not show any effect over Ti framewoks misfit values. However, to a group of Co-Cr frames, the fitting borders corrective finishing has a deleterious effect over passivity. The corrective finishing procedures seamed do not influence the single-screw test reliability, nevertheless, it should be used carefully and requires further improvements to guarantee a sever usage
Mestrado
Protese Dental
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

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Mello, Caroline Cantieri de. « Sistemas CAD/CAM : avaliação da precisão de aquisição de dados / ». Araçatuba, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115902.

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Orientador: Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
Coorientador: José Vitor Quinelli Mazaro
Banca: Fellippo Ramos Verri
Banca: Ricardo Alexandre Zavanelli
Resumo: Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal de infraestruturas de próteses fixas confeccionadas pelo Sistema CAD/CAM com três diferentes sistemas de aquisição de dados. Material e Métodos: Confeccionaram-se 50 corpos de prova; Convencional (Ni-Cr) (n = 10), GI: iTero (n = 10), GII: CerecBluecam/fresadora industrial (n = 10), GIII: 3S (n = 10) e GIV: CerecBlueCam/Sirona (n = 10). Os corpos de prova foram numerados e randomizados, realizou-se análise da desadaptação marginal vertical. Resultados: A análise intra observador indicou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (teste t pareado, p = 0.822) no período antes e depois das análises. O sistema convencional (321 μm) apresentou maior desadaptação quando comparado com o sistema CAD/CAM (89 μm) (p<0.001). O sistema intra oral (iTero) apresentou menor índice de desadaptação marginal, quando comparado com o sistema extra oral (3S), (p<0.001). O sistema aberto apresentou maior índice de desadaptação marginal (114 μm) quando comparado com intra oral (iTero), sendo p<0.001. Além disto, no sistema convencional, observou-se que os pré-molares apresentaram índice de desadaptação maior quando comparado (361 μm) com o molar (283 μm) (p<0.001), porém no sistema CAD/CAM não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação de dentes pré-molares (93,7 μm) e molares (84,9 μm). Significância: O sistema CAD/CAM pode atuar mais favoravelmente, reduzindo o índice de desadaptação marginal, quando comparado com o sistema convencional de confecção de próteses dentárias. O sistema intra oral (iTero) comportou-se melhor quando comparado com os demais sistemas.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal fit of frameworks produced by CAD/CAM systems with three different data acquisition. Material and Methods: We fabricated 50 frameworks: conventional (Ni-Cr) (n = 10), GI:iTero (n = 10), GII:CerecBluecam/industrial milling (n = 10), GIII:3S (n = 10), and GIV:CerecBlueCam/Sirona (n = 10). We numbered the specimens and analyzed them randomly. Results: Intra-observer analysis indicated no statistically significant difference (paired t-test, p = 0.822) before and after the analysis. The conventional system (321 μm) showed greater misfit than the CAD/CAM (89 μm) (p<0.001) system. The intraoral system (iTero) showed a lower rate of marginal misfit than the extra-oral system (3S), (p<0.001). The open system presented a higher marginal discrepancy (114 μm) than intraoral (iTero), with p<0.001. Moreover, in the conventional system, premolars (361 μm) showed a higher index of misfit than molars (283 μm) (p<0.001), but for the CAD/CAM system, there was no statistically significant difference between premolars (93.7 μm) and molars (84.9 μm). Significance: The CAD/CAM system can to act more favorably reducing the rate of marginal discrepancy than the conventional impression system of dental prosthesis. The intra oral system (iTero) was better than other systems.
Mestre

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Mello, Caroline Cantieri de [UNESP]. « Sistemas CAD/CAM : avaliação da precisão de aquisição de dados ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115902.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a adaptação marginal de infraestruturas de próteses fixas confeccionadas pelo Sistema CAD/CAM com três diferentes sistemas de aquisição de dados. Material e Métodos: Confeccionaram-se 50 corpos de prova; Convencional (Ni-Cr) (n = 10), GI: iTero (n = 10), GII: CerecBluecam/fresadora industrial (n = 10), GIII: 3S (n = 10) e GIV: CerecBlueCam/Sirona (n = 10). Os corpos de prova foram numerados e randomizados, realizou-se análise da desadaptação marginal vertical. Resultados: A análise intra observador indicou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (teste t pareado, p = 0.822) no período antes e depois das análises. O sistema convencional (321 ?m) apresentou maior desadaptação quando comparado com o sistema CAD/CAM (89 ?m) (p<0.001). O sistema intra oral (iTero) apresentou menor índice de desadaptação marginal, quando comparado com o sistema extra oral (3S), (p<0.001). O sistema aberto apresentou maior índice de desadaptação marginal (114 ?m) quando comparado com intra oral (iTero), sendo p<0.001. Além disto, no sistema convencional, observou-se que os pré-molares apresentaram índice de desadaptação maior quando comparado (361 ?m) com o molar (283 ?m) (p<0.001), porém no sistema CAD/CAM não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação de dentes pré-molares (93,7 ?m) e molares (84,9 ?m). Significância: O sistema CAD/CAM pode atuar mais favoravelmente, reduzindo o índice de desadaptação marginal, quando comparado com o sistema convencional de confecção de próteses dentárias. O sistema intra oral (iTero) comportou-se melhor quando comparado com os demais sistemas.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal fit of frameworks produced by CAD/CAM systems with three different data acquisition. Material and Methods: We fabricated 50 frameworks: conventional (Ni-Cr) (n = 10), GI:iTero (n = 10), GII:CerecBluecam/industrial milling (n = 10), GIII:3S (n = 10), and GIV:CerecBlueCam/Sirona (n = 10). We numbered the specimens and analyzed them randomly. Results: Intra-observer analysis indicated no statistically significant difference (paired t-test, p = 0.822) before and after the analysis. The conventional system (321 ?m) showed greater misfit than the CAD/CAM (89 ?m) (p<0.001) system. The intraoral system (iTero) showed a lower rate of marginal misfit than the extra-oral system (3S), (p<0.001). The open system presented a higher marginal discrepancy (114 ?m) than intraoral (iTero), with p<0.001. Moreover, in the conventional system, premolars (361 ?m) showed a higher index of misfit than molars (283 ?m) (p<0.001), but for the CAD/CAM system, there was no statistically significant difference between premolars (93.7 ?m) and molars (84.9 ?m). Significance: The CAD/CAM system can to act more favorably reducing the rate of marginal discrepancy than the conventional impression system of dental prosthesis. The intra oral system (iTero) was better than other systems.
FAPESP: 11/06311-5

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Fragoso, Wagner Sotero. « Correção por eletroerosão de bordas e bases de assentamento de parafusos de estruturas implanto-retidas : influencia no desajuste marginal e nas tensões transferidas aos abutments ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289186.

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Orientador: Guilherme Elias Pessanha Henriques
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: A longevidade das reabilitações implanto-retidas é comprometida quando tensões provenientes do desajuste marginal e conduzidas às fixações causam dano à junção osso-implante. Este trabalho teve o propósito de avaliar os desajustes marginais e as tensões aferidas nos abutments de infra-estruturas implanto-retidas fundidas em titânio comercialmente puro (Ti c.p.) pelas técnicas monobloco, soldagem laser e fundição-sobre-análogos e também avaliou a influência de processos de eletroerosão nos valores de desajuste e de tensão. A partir de uma matriz metálica mandibular, contendo 05 análogos de abutments cônicos, foram obtidas 10 estruturas para a técnica de fundição-sobre-análogos a partir de modelos fabricados em revestimento. Modelos fabricados em gesso originaram outras 10 estruturas em monobloco e 10 soldadas a laser. As leituras de desajustes foram conduzidas num microscópio mensurador (120X), tendo sido baseadas no protocolo do teste do parafuso único. As tensões (em gf) foram captadas mediante o uso de strain gauges colados nos abutments em formação de ½ ponte de Wheatstone e após o apertamento de 10 Ncm de todos os parafusos protéticos. As medidas de desajuste marginal e tensão foram repetidas após as etapas de eletroerosão da base de assentamento de parafusos e das bordas dos cilindros fundidos. Os testes de Análise de Variância e de Tukey foram utilizados na análise estatística (P<0,05). Após a finalização das etapas de eletroerosão, os valores de desajuste marginal foram significativamente reduzidos no grupo monobloco e os valores de tensão tiveram uma redução significativa nos grupos monobloco e fundição-sobre-análogos. Concluiu-se que as estruturas pela técnica de fundição-sobre-análogos apresentaram menor desajuste marginal e tensão nos abutments que as obtidas em monobloco e soldadas a laser; os processos de eletroerosão foram eficazes na redução do desajuste e da tensão nos abutments de infra-estruturas em monobloco. Houve correlação positiva entre desajuste marginal e tensão
Abstract: The longevity of implant-retained rehabilitation is abbreviated when strains in the settings proceeding of marginal misfit have injured the bone-implant junction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal misfits and the abutments strains of cast implant-retained frameworks made from commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) by the one-piece casting technique, the laser welding technique and the over-analog casting technique and also evaluated the influence of spark erosion processes in the misfit and strain values. From a mandibular master cast, containing 05 conical abutment analogs, 10 frameworks were made from investment casts for over-analog casting technique. Plaster casts were used to originate 10 others frameworks gotten by one-piece casting technique and 10 frameworks by the laser welding technique. The marginal gaps were measured using a traveling microscope ('120) by means of one-screw test protocol. The strains (in gf) were identified by means of strain gauges arrangement in ½ bridge de Wheatstone attached to abutments and after the tightening of prosthetic screws at 10 Ncm. The marginal misfit and strain measurement were reproduced after spark erosion steps of screws seat base and cast cylinders fitting borders. Analysis of Variance and Tukey tests were used in the statistical analysis of the results (P<0.05). Following spark erosion steps, marginal misfit values were significantly reduced on the one-piece casting group and the strain values were significantly reduced on the one-piece casting group and over-analog casting group. It was concluded that the frameworks made from over-analog casting technique showed lesser marginal misfit and abutments strain than frameworks gotten by one-piece casting technique and laser welding technique; the spark erosion procedures were efficient in the decrease of marginal misfit and abutments strain of frameworks made from one-piece casting technique. There was positive correlation between marginal misfit and strain
Doutorado
Protese Dental
Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

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Chen, Yi. « The redefined centre, periphery and margin : the long-term interaction sphere of southern China 3000-221 BC ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ae8b337-7a65-427d-9a37-9be7f4d17f9c.

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This thesis investigates southern China as a part of dynamic and extensive interregional networks from the third to the first millennium BC and explores the changing roles of different southern regions within the interregional relationships. This was an important transitional period for southern China as it was the time when several prominent and farreaching innovations of technologies and material culture were made or adopted in the area. Four key sets of materials – rice, bronze, ceramics and jade – are examined with a World-system perspective to reveal interregional contacts in different directions and of different nature between southern China and a number of neighbouring regions. By stressing on local responses towards different technologies and material culture in different period, an alternative narrative to that stemmed from Chinese historiography is, therefore, suggested. Instead of being a passive and 'backward' periphery in the traditional sense, southern China presents diversification of material culture over time. Many of the mechanisms of transmission and circulation in the south are characterised by 'leaked' technologies and designs, as well as 'selective adoption' and local redevelopment of material culture.

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Freitas, Bruna Neves de. « Avaliação da adaptação marginal e interna de coroas de dissilicato de lítio confeccionadas pelo sistema CAD/CAM após escaneamento direto e indireto ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-31012018-153028/.

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O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a adaptação interna e marginal de coroas de dissilicato de lítio obtida por duas técnicas disponíveis pelo sistema CAD/CAM, o escaneamento direto e indireto. As análises foram realizadas por meio do microtomógrafo computadorizado (µCT), microscópio confocal a laser (CL) e técnica da replica (TR), em dois momentos: antes e após a cristalização do material. O dente 14 de manequim foi preparado e duplicado em silicone, obtendo 20 réplicas em resina de poliuretano. Para a formação do Grupo 1 (IND/n=08), o manequim foi moldado com moldeira de estoque e silicone de adição com técnica de moldagem simultânea e modelagem com gesso pedra tipo III e IV, totalizando oito modelos em gesso. Os modelos foram escaneados com escâner indireto. Foram fresadas oito coroas de dissilicato de lítio. Para formação do Grupo 2 (DIR/n=08), o manequim foi escaneado com escâner direto. Oito imagens foram obtidas e enviadas ao laboratório pelo programa do sistema. Da mesma forma, foram fresadas oito coroas de dissilicato de lítio. As leituras da adaptação marginal das coroas foram realizadas com as mesmas adaptadas sobre a respectiva réplica em poliuretano, no µCT, CL, e TR. As leituras da adaptação interna foram realizadas no µCT e TR. As análises foram realizadas antes e após a cristalização das coroas. Os dados que apresentaram distribuição normal foram analisados por ANOVA dois fatores e os dados que não apresentaram distribuição normal foram analisados por teste U de Mann-Whitey para comparação entre os Grupos e pelo teste de Wilcoxon para comparação antes e após a cristalização. Em relação à adaptação axial, foi verificada diferença significante apenas para os Tempos (p=0,017), com menores valores após a cristalização. Para a adaptação interna não foi observada diferença entre os Grupos (p>0,05) ou Tempos estudados (p>0,05). Para a adaptação marginal vertical houve diferença para o Grupo IND, com maiores valores após a cristalização independente da metodologia de análise (µCT - p=0,001; confocal - p=0,038). Já a medida marginal horizontal apresentou resultados divergentes de acordo com a metodologia utilizada. No µCT, IND foi maior que DIR (p=0,003) e antes maior que após a cristalização (p<0,001). No confocal, IND menor que DIR após a cristalização (p=0,05), e para DIR, antes menor que após a cristalização (p=0,005). No volume total e volume marginal do espaço para cimentação houve diferença significante apenas para o DIR, com maiores valores após a cristalização (volume total - p=0,025; volume marginal - p=0,002). Pelos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que há contração do material após a cristalização, resultando em maior desadaptação comprovado pelo aumento do volume total do espaço de cimentação em consequência da dificuldade de assentamento da coroa de dissilicato de lítio.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the internal and marginal adaptation of lithium desilicated crowns obtained by two alternative techniques to the CAD / CAM system, direct and indirect scanning. The analyzes were carried out by computerized microtomograph, laser confocal microscope and replica technique, in two moments: before and after the crystallization of the material. The manikin tooth 14 was prepared for total crown. Then it was duplicated, in silicone, and there were obtained 16 replicas in polyurethane resin. Two groups were formed from the impression of the manikin through the direct and indirect scanning, For the Group 1 (IND/n = 08), the manikin was molded with stock tray, with addition silicone, by the simultaneous molding technique and modeling performed with gypsum stone type III and IV, totaling eight molds and plaster models. The models were sent to the laboratory for scanning on the scanner indirect. Dissilicate crowns were made of lithium milled. For the Group 2 (DIR/n = 08), the dummy was scanned by scanner directly. The eight images obtained were sent directly to the laboratory by the system program. Likewise, milled lithium dissilicate crowns were made. The marginal adaptation of the crowns was performed with the same ones on the respective polyurethane tooth, in the computerized microtomograph (µCT), confocal laser microscope (CL) and through the replica technique (TR). Internal adaptation readings were performed using a µCT and TR. The analyses were made before and after the crystallization of the crowns. The data showed normal distribution were analyzed by two factors ANOVA and the data did not show normal distribution were analyzed for U Mann-Whitney test for comparison among groups and by the Wilcoxon test for comparison before and after the crystallization . In relation to the axial adaptation, significant difference was verified only for Times (p = 0.017), with lower values after crystallization. For the internal adaptation was not observed difference between groups (p > 0.05) or Times studied (p > 0.05). For the vertical marginal adaptation difference to the IND group, with higher values after the crystallization analysis methodology-independent (µCT p = 0.001;-p = 0.038 confocal). Already the measure presented divergent results horizontal marginal according to the methodology used. In µCT, IND was greater than DIR (p = 0.003) and greater than after the crystallization (p < 0.001). In confocal IND less than DIR after the crystallization (p = 0.05), and DIR, before less than after the crystallization (p = 0.005). In total volume and marginal volume of space for cementation significant difference only to the DIR, with higher values after the crystallization (total volume - p = 0.025; marginal volume - p = 0.002). The results obtained can be concluded that there is contraction of the material after the crystallization, resulting in higher leakage evidenced by the increase of the total volume of the cementing space as a result of the settling difficulty the dissilicate Crown.

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Koren, Andreas Raphael Ribas. « Avaliação da adaptação de estruturas em Y-TZP entre diferentes sistemas CAD/CAM ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23140/tde-28052013-193102/.

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OBJETIVOS: comparar dois sistemas CAD-CAM de diferentes gerações quanto ao grau de adaptação de infraestruturas estéticas de próteses fixas de três elementos para verificar se existe alguma evolução no quesito diminuição do gap marginal e se existe diferença de contração entre blocos de conformações diferentes que podem afetar diretamente a adaptação das mesmas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: para isso foi confeccionado um preparo de prótese fixa de três elementos em manequim odontológico simulando a ausência do elemento dental 25; posteriormente aos preparos foi reproduzido um modelo mestre em liga metálica Co-Cr para serem realizados os testes. O modelo mestre foi submetido a escaneamento em cada sistema comercial para a infraestrutura ser desenhada e fresada. Para serem confrontados, em cada sistema CAD/CAM foi confeccionado cinco infraestruturas em Y-TZP (n=5), sendo que no grupo CT1 foi utilizado um disco (ronde) com dimensões de 98x20 mm capaz de ser fresada até seis infraestruturas de uma só vez enquanto que no grupo CT2 cada infraestrutura foi confeccionada individualmente em um bloco com dimensões de 40x15x19 mm. Uma vez concluídas as infraestruturas, as mesmas foram submetidas a teste de adaptação com a técnica do dedal de silicone e posteriormente em cada preparo, tanto do molar quanto do pré-molar, foi retirada uma fatia de 2 mm de espessura em cada face (mesial, distal, lingual e vestibular) para se analisar a espessura de desadaptação na região de término através da análise de imagem (fotografia das fatias realizado por estereomicroscópio e medição com o software ImageJ). Os resultados foram submetidos aos testes de Normalidade e Homocedasticidade (p=0,05) e posteriormente analisados por ANOVA e Tukey (p=0,05). RESULTADOS: as medições foram divididas em dois grupos: 1. Adaptação geral ( medidas por face) e 2. Adaptação circunferencial (média das medidas das quatro faces). Em ambas as medições não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes, permanecendo o gap marginal de ambos os materiais com resultados estatisticamente uniformes. CONCLUSÕES: ambos os sistemas CAD/CAM testados apresentaram resultados semelhantes e satisfatórios, dentro dos padrões clínicos aceitáveis e não houve diferença de contração de sinterização entre o disco (ronde) e o bloco.
OBJECTIVES: compare two CAD-CAM systems of different generations according to the adaptation level of three elements aesthetic FPD to discover if there are any changes in the item \"gap marginal decrease\" and if there is contraction differences between blocks of different conformations that may directly affect the adaptation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: it was made a FPD preparation (total crown preparation in each pillar tooth) in a dental mannequin, simulating the absence of the tooth 25; later was made a master template in Co-Cr alloy to be performed the tests, according to the mannequin preparations. The master model was subjected to scanning in each trading system to be designed the infrastructure and posteriorly milled. It was made five infrastructure in Y-TZP (n = 5) to be compared in every CAD / CAM system, and in the CT1 group was used a disc (ronde) with dimensions of 98x20 millimeters, where it can be milled up to six infrastructure of a once, while in the group CT2 each structure was fabricated into a single block with dimensions of 40x15x19 millimeters. After the infrastructure was milled, they were subjected to the adaptive technique of \"silicone replica\" and subsequently in each preparation (molar and premolar) was withdrawn from a 2 mm thickness slice on each side (mesial, distal, lingual and buccal) to analyze the mismatch thickness in the end region via image analysis (slices photography performed by a stereomicroscope and measured by the ImageJ software). The results were submited by Normality and Homoscedasticity test (p=0.05) and subsequently analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p=0.05). RESULTS: the measurements were divided into two groups: 1. General adaptation (measures per side) and 2. Circumferential adaptation (average measure of the four faces). In both measurements there were no statistically significant differences, remaining both materials with statistically uniform marginal gap. CONCLUSIONS: both CAD / CAM systems tested showed similar and satisfactory results within the acceptable clinical standards and there was no sintering contraction difference between the disk (ronde) and block.

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Celebi, Emre. « MODELS OF EFFICIENT CONSUMER PRICING SCHEMES IN ELECTRICITY MARKETS ». Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/811.

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Suppliers in competitive electricity markets regularly respond to prices that change hour by hour or even more frequently, but most consumers respond to price changes on a very different time scale, i. e. they observe and respond to changes in price as reflected on their monthly bills. This thesis examines mixed complementarity programming models of equilibrium that can bridge the speed of response gap between suppliers and consumers, yet adhere to the principle of marginal cost pricing of electricity. It develops a computable equilibrium model to estimate the time-of-use (TOU) prices that can be used in retail electricity markets. An optimization model for the supply side of the electricity market, combined with a price-responsive geometric distributed lagged demand function, computes the TOU prices that satisfy the equilibrium conditions. Monthly load duration curves are approximated and discretized in the context of the supplier's optimization model. The models are formulated and solved by the mixed complementarity problem approach. It is intended that the models will be useful (a) in the regular exercise of setting consumer prices (i. e. , TOU prices that reflect the marginal cost of electricity) by a regulatory body (e. g. , Ontario Energy Board) for jurisdictions (e. g. , Ontario) where consumers' prices are regulated, but suppliers offer into a competitive market, (b) for forecasting in markets without price regulation, but where consumers pay a weighted average of wholesale price, (c) in evaluation of the policies regarding time-of-use pricing compared to the single pricing, and (d) in assessment of the welfare changes due to the implementation of TOU prices.

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Harrington, Edward, et edwardharrington@homemail com au. « Aspects of Online Learning ». The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060328.160810.

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Online learning algorithms have several key advantages compared to their batch learning algorithm counterparts: they are generally more memory efficient, and computationally mor efficient; they are simpler to implement; and they are able to adapt to changes where the learning model is time varying. Online algorithms because of their simplicity are very appealing to practitioners. his thesis investigates several online learning algorithms and their application. The thesis has an underlying theme of the idea of combining several simple algorithms to give better performance. In this thesis we investigate: combining weights, combining hypothesis, and (sort of) hierarchical combining.¶ Firstly, we propose a new online variant of the Bayes point machine (BPM), called the online Bayes point machine (OBPM). We study the theoretical and empirical performance of the OBPm algorithm. We show that the empirical performance of the OBPM algorithm is comparable with other large margin classifier methods such as the approximately large margin algorithm (ALMA) and methods which maximise the margin explicitly, like the support vector machine (SVM). The OBPM algorithm when used with a parallel architecture offers potential computational savings compared to ALMA. We compare the test error performance of the OBPM algorithm with other online algorithms: the Perceptron, the voted-Perceptron, and Bagging. We demonstrate that the combinationof the voted-Perceptron algorithm and the OBPM algorithm, called voted-OBPM algorithm has better test error performance than the voted-Perceptron and Bagging algorithms. We investigate the use of various online voting methods against the problem of ranking, and the problem of collaborative filtering of instances. We look at the application of online Bagging and OBPM algorithms to the telecommunications problem of channel equalization. We show that both online methods were successful at reducing the effect on the test error of label flipping and additive noise.¶ Secondly, we introduce a new mixture of experts algorithm, the fixed-share hierarchy (FSH) algorithm. The FSH algorithm is able to track the mixture of experts when the switching rate between the best experts may not be constant. We study the theoretical aspects of the FSH and the practical application of it to adaptive equalization. Using simulations we show that the FSH algorithm is able to track the best expert, or mixture of experts, in both the case where the switching rate is constant and the case where the switching rate is time varying.

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Dzolkarnaini, Mohd Nazam. « Determinants of the use of debt and leasing in UK corporate financing decisions ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1736.

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This thesis investigates the determinants of the use of debt and leasing in the UK using a comprehensive measure of debt and leases, in recognition of the link between lease and debt-type financing decisions, based on financial contracting theory and the tax advantage hypothesis. The design of the study takes account three lacunae in our current understanding of this topic. Firstly, despite the fact that the capital structure literature is voluminous, it is perhaps surprising that relatively little research has been carried out on lease finance, given its significant role as a major source of finance for many firms. Secondly, the role of tax in the capital structure decision is unclear. Empirically testing for tax effects is challenging because spurious relationships may exist between the financing decision and many commonly used tax proxies. More importantly, our understanding of the impact of taxes on UK financing decisions is far from complete, especially since several major corporate tax reforms have taken place in the last decade. Thirdly, empirical evidence on capital structure determinants is also voluminous but far from conclusive. Notably, contradictory signs and significance levels are commonly observed. Using the standard regression approach invariably involves identification of the average behaviour of firms, and therefore does not measure diversity across firms. In response to these three major issues, this study employs empirical research methods, namely cross-sectional pooled regression, static and dynamic panel data regression, and quantile regression to analyse a large sample of 361 non-financial firms, drawn from the FTSE 350 and FTSE All-Small indices over the tax years 1995 through 2003. The operating lease data are estimated using the constructive capitalisation method while the simulated before-financing marginal tax rate is used to proxy for the firms’ tax status. The endogeneity of corporate tax status is evident since the use of simple tax proxy, the effective tax rate, leads to a spurious negative relation between debt usage and tax rates. The problem was avoided with a better measure of tax variable that is the simulated before-financing marginal tax rate where it is found that the empirical relationships between the tax factor and debt and leasing are consistent with those theoretical predictions. Furthermore, there is a clear distinction between the effect of taxes on debt and leasing where the firm’s marginal tax status is only relevant when managers make decisions on debt financing. The use of quantile regression method in the present study represents a novel approach in investigating the determinants of the use of debt and leasing. The results reveal that the determinants of debt and leasing are heterogeneous across the whole distribution of firms, consistent with the notion of heterogeneity as promoted by Beattie et al. (2006), but contradicting their claim that the large-scale regression approach cannot measure firms’ diversity. This finding implies that average model results (e.g., from OLS or panel data models) may not apply to the tails of debt and leasing levels, and hence assuming that the determinants of debt and leasing decisions are the same for all firms in the economy is clearly unrealistic. Using the dynamic panel data model, this thesis confirms that debt and leasing are substitutes rather than complements, and that the degree of substitutability is more pronounced among smaller firms, where the degree of information asymmetry is greater. More importantly, the use of a joint specification for debt and leasing improves our understanding of the determinants of the two fixed-claim financing instruments. There is also significant evidence to support the view that firm characteristics affect contracting costs which in turn impact on the choice between alternative forms of finance, namely equity, debt and leasing.

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Joulain, Antoine. « Simulation aérodynamique d'extrémités de pales de rotors sustentateurs d'hélicoptère ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4768.

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L’aérodynamique de l’hélicoptère est fortement impactée par les tourbillons générés aux extrémités de pales. La complexité des phénomènes en jeux et l’insuffisance de données expérimentales locales font du design d’extrémité un véritable défi. Cette étude propose une nouvelle approche dédiée à l’étude des extrémités en vol stationnaire. Une méthode numérique rapide et précise est mise au point afin d’étudier une extrémité de pale en rotation comme une extrémité d’aile fixe. Chaque étape de la construction de la méthode est validée par des comparaisons détaillées avec des données expérimentales publiées. Le code CFD elsA est dans un premier temps utilisé pour mettre en place une méthode de calcul basée sur la résolution des équations Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes en stationnaire. La convergence de la solution et l’indépendance au maillage et aux paramètres numériques sont étudiées en détail en deux, puis en trois dimensions. La précision importante de la solution numérique permet d’analyser finement la physique de l’enroulement tourbillonnaire en extrémité. Des géométries tronquée et arrondie sont étudiées en détail, et révèlent la présence de systèmes tourbillonnaires complexes. Puis la nouvelle méthode d’adaptation pale en rotation / aile fixe est présentée. Une méthode de calcul hybride est mise au point entre le code de mécanique du vol HOST et le code elsA. En repère fixe, l’aérodynamique globale sur la pale et locale en extrémité est calculée fidèlement pour toutes les configurations étudiées. Comparée aux méthodes d’adaptation précédemment publiées, cette nouvelle stratégie offre une amélioration considérable concernant la simulation de l’aérodynamique de pale
Helicopter aerodynamics is strongly influenced by the vortices generated from the rotor-blade tips. The design of efficient tip shapes is a challenging task because of the complexity of the aerodynamic phenomena involved and the lack of local blade-tip flow measurements. This work provides a contribution to the design of helicopter tips in hover. An efficient, relatively simple and quick numerical method is set up to study rotating blade tips in fixed-wing configurations. The accuracy of the method is shown at each step of the construction by comprehensive comparisons with reliable experimental data from the literature. First, an efficient steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes method is constructed using ONERA's elsA code. Comprehensive studies of convergence, grid dependence and sensitivity to the numerical method are performed in two and three dimensions. The very good agreement of the solution with measurements and the accuracy of the numerical method allow a physical analysis with unprecedented detail of the vortex generation and roll-up near square and rounded wing tips. The new methodology of framework adaptation is then presented. An uncoupled hybrid strategy is set up using AIRBUS HELICOPTERS' Comprehensive Analysis code HOST and the Computational Fluid Dynamics solver elsA. Global and local performance calculations are validated for all investigated test cases. Comparison with previously published adaptation methods indicates considerable improvement in the prediction of the blade aerodynamics

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Vestin, Albin, et Gustav Strandberg. « Evaluation of Target Tracking Using Multiple Sensors and Non-Causal Algorithms ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-160020.

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Today, the main research field for the automotive industry is to find solutions for active safety. In order to perceive the surrounding environment, tracking nearby traffic objects plays an important role. Validation of the tracking performance is often done in staged traffic scenarios, where additional sensors, mounted on the vehicles, are used to obtain their true positions and velocities. The difficulty of evaluating the tracking performance complicates its development. An alternative approach studied in this thesis, is to record sequences and use non-causal algorithms, such as smoothing, instead of filtering to estimate the true target states. With this method, validation data for online, causal, target tracking algorithms can be obtained for all traffic scenarios without the need of extra sensors. We investigate how non-causal algorithms affects the target tracking performance using multiple sensors and dynamic models of different complexity. This is done to evaluate real-time methods against estimates obtained from non-causal filtering. Two different measurement units, a monocular camera and a LIDAR sensor, and two dynamic models are evaluated and compared using both causal and non-causal methods. The system is tested in two single object scenarios where ground truth is available and in three multi object scenarios without ground truth. Results from the two single object scenarios shows that tracking using only a monocular camera performs poorly since it is unable to measure the distance to objects. Here, a complementary LIDAR sensor improves the tracking performance significantly. The dynamic models are shown to have a small impact on the tracking performance, while the non-causal application gives a distinct improvement when tracking objects at large distances. Since the sequence can be reversed, the non-causal estimates are propagated from more certain states when the target is closer to the ego vehicle. For multiple object tracking, we find that correct associations between measurements and tracks are crucial for improving the tracking performance with non-causal algorithms.

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HO, CHIEN-HUI, et 何价惠. « Marginal accuracy of three-unit fixed partial denture after joined by laser welding ». Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21865166666118219670.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
牙醫學系
86
The objective of the investigation is to determine the change of marginal accuracy of two separated three-unit fixed partial dentures after joined by laser welding.A metal analog was machined to simulate the preparation for a three-unit fixed partial denture. We used three dental alloys (type III casting gold alloy, Pd-Ag alloy, and pure titanium) to connect the two separated parent metal portions under an appropriate laser welding condition. Then, by connecting to a computer image processing system via CCD camera under a stereomicroscope, we could measure the change of the marginal accuracy of the whole prosthesis directly on the computer monitor.The results showed that type III casting gold alloy, the change of marginal accuracy after laser welding was 0.00028μm in molar, 3.24μm in premolar and 1.77μm in outer aspect to the welded joint, 1.47μ m in inner aspect to the welded joint. The Pd-Ag alloy were 1.8μm,1.44μm, 2.46μm and 0.78μm respectively while they were 2.15μm, 0.31μm, 1.56μm and 3.40μm respectively in the case of titanium. Following by the one-way ANOVA, paired t test and one-way ANOVA, t test to compare the molar-premolar and outer aspect-inner aspect, between group and within group variances, it showed the change of marginal accuracy after laser welding in premolar using type III casting gold alloy demonstrated some statistical implications. For all others, there were no statistically significant differences in the change of marginal accuracy between groups or within group.Through this investigation and analysis, we understood that the laser welding, although having some effects, would not make a significant change in the marginal accuracy of castings. We suggest laser welding is a suitable method for three dental alloys and the minimal changes of marginal accuracy are controllable. Therefore, laser welding is a reliable technique for casting connection.

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Vaz, Catarina Carmona Cortez. « Ex vivo pilot study on the performance of ultrasonic and rotary instruments obtained by the process of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in fixed prosthodontics ». Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/36294.

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Trabalho final do 5º ano com vista à atribuição do grau de mestre no âmbito do ciclo de estudos de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Dentária apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.
Statement of the problem Recently, and attempting to overcome some limitations of the conventional tools, instruments obtained by a process of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) appeared with promising features and alleged advantages in many applications, such as preparation and finishing in fixed prosthodontics procedures. However, there is still no conclusive evidence of their superior performance. Objectives The aim of this study is to test different types of CVD-obtained instruments in crown preparations, using profilometric evaluation of surface roughness and three-dimensional form, in order to demonstrate, in a scientific manner, the advantages or disadvantages of these instruments, as well as diagnose possible flaws or confirm the accuracy of the methodology, thus being called a pilot study. Materials and methods Margin preparations were made, with the aid of a parallelometer, applying different methods of preparation and finishing in a split-tooth model. The margins were photographed with high magnification, and then a 3D profilometric evaluation was made, resulting in values for different roughness parameters, as well as three-dimensional images of the surface. Results The group prepared and finished with CVD burs achieved the lowest roughness values. The highest scores were associated to the group prepared with high-speed diamond burs and finishing made with CVD ultrasonic tips. Groups 4 and 1 achieved both median scores, whereas the latter presented greater variability. However, in a visual analysis of the three-dimensional images, groups 2 and 4 (both finished using CVD ultrasonic tips) show a more regular and smooth surface, with less relief marks, opposing to the ones corresponding to groups 1 and 3, which show a more pronounced bur path, matching its movements along the margin. Conclusion Preparations made with CVD burs present the best roughness results, conventional diamond burs presented the most variable ones and the association between conventional diamond burs and CVD ultrasonic tips presented the worst values. Nonetheless, by examining the three-dimensional images and taking in consideration a whole set of success parameters, groups finished using CVD ultrasonic tips seem to deliver better conditions for a positive outcome of fixed prosthodontic restorations by providing more precise, well-defined and sharp margins, which can enhance marginal fit, castability and aesthetics. Clinical significance Clinically, the definition, sharpness and precision on the margins are more important features than roughness, as dissected on this study. Provided that margins produced with CVD ultrasonic excel on these characteristics, this makes them a valid and important tool in the execution of a successful fixed prosthodontics restoration.

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CULKOVÁ, Lucie. « Příspěvek na úhradu a jeho využití v podnikové praxi ». Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48377.

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The literary digest of dissertation includes description of cost types, calculations and gross margine. In the practical part have been compared two methods of calculations. The first method is calculation of direct costs in the system MAX and calculation of total costs based od methodology of Research institute of the agricultural economy. The test company is Agrobeta MM, GB.

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KEHARTOVÁ, Marie. « Příspěvek na úhradu a jeho využití v podnikové praxi ». Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45922.

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The aim of the thesis is to compare two systems of cost calculation - the calculation of total costs and the calculation of variable costs - on the farm Těšovský statek, s.r.o. The calculation are compiled for various sections of the plant and animal production.

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Silva, Marta. « Essays on the portuguese labour market : the effects of flexibility at the margin ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/12094.

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JEL Classification: J31, J41, J68, C21, C24, C33
This thesis aims to study the effects of the promotion of flexibility at the margin in the Portuguese labour market through the facilitation of the use of fixed-term contracts. We present three empirical essays that assess the effects of the 2004 change in legislation that extended the maximum legal duration of fixed-term contracts from three to six years. Given the high labour market segmentation and representativeness of fixed-term contracts in the Portuguese labour market, we consider that these studies may contribute to the design of future public policies. The empirical analysis is conducted using the linked employer-employee database Quadros de Pessoal for the period between 2002 and 2011. The results of the three essays suggest that fixed-term contracts may play different roles in the labour market, namely as screening devices and quantitative adjustment tools, and that this fact should be taken into account when the effects of asymmetric employment protection reforms are analysed. After controlling for several micro and macro variables, we find evidence that the extension of the fixed-term contract for a longer period had negative effects on the probability of conversion of the contract and contributed to increase the wage inequality between workers on permanent or converted fixed-term contracts and those that did not obtain a more stable employment relationship. Besides, we find evidence that this change in legislation did not contribute to increase employment growth and decrease the rate of creation of fixedterm jobs, especially due to the effects of the proportion of non-converted fixed-term contracts. This research suggests that labour market segmentation should be tackled and policy makers should promote measures aiming to stimulate the conversion of fixedterm into open-ended contracts.
Esta tese pretende estudar os efeitos da promoção da flexibilidade à margem, através da facilitação do uso dos contratos a termo, no mercado de trabalho português. Para tal, apresentam-se três ensaios onde se analisam empiricamente os efeitos de uma alteração de legislação que ocorreu em 2004 e que aumentou a duração legal máxima dos contratos a termo certo de três para seis anos. Dada a elevada segmentação do mercado de trabalho e a representatividade dos contratos a termo, considera-se que estes estudos podem contribuir para a definição de políticas públicas no futuro. A análise empírica é realizada utilizando a base de dados Quadros de Pessoal para o período compreendido entre 2002 e 2011. Os resultados dos três ensaios sugerem que os contratos a termo podem desemprenhar papéis diferentes no mercado de trabalho, como processos de seleção e de ajustamentos quantitativos, e que isso deve ser tido em consideração quando se analisam os efeitos de reformas assimétricas da protecção ao emprego. Após controlar por diversas variáveis micro e macro, encontra-se evidência de que a possibilidade de utilizar o contrato a termo por um maior período de tempo teve efeitos negativos na probabilidade de conversão do contrato e contribuiu para aumentar a desigualdade salarial entre trabalhadores com contratos sem termo ou contratos convertidos em sem termo e trabalhadores que não obtiveram uma relação de emprego mais estável. Para além disso, mostra-se que esta alteração de legislação não se traduziu num aumento do crescimento do emprego e que teve inclusivamente um efeito negativo na criação de emprego com contratos a termo, devido principalmente ao efeito da não conversão dos contratos. Esta tese sugere que se deve combater a segmentação do mercado de trabalho português e promover medidas para estimular a conversão dos contratos a termo em contratos sem termo.

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Paulo, Ana Cláudia Lopes. « Consequências clínicas da má determinação da linha de acabamento no dente e adaptação da coroa protética ». Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/8822.

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Introdução: O conceito de estética é subjetivo, logo a literatura indica que fazer uma restauração estética com qualidade é quase tão importante para a saúde mental de um indivíduo como para a saúde dentária. Desta forma, quando ocorre a perda dentária, o restabelecimento da função e estética devem ser cumpridos. Para que a reabilitação oral ocorra, o estado de saúde oral do paciente no que respeita a higiene, ausência de patologias, mucosa, dentes e osso alveolar devem ser avaliados. Existem vários tipos de reabilitações protéticas nomeadamente as próteses removíveis e fixas que podem ser implanto-suportadas, dento-suportadas ou muco-suportadas. A preparação da linha de terminação para prótese fixa é crucial. Geralmente existem dois tipos de preparações: preparações com linhas de acabamento designadas por horizontais; e preparações sem linhas de acabamento designadas por verticais. Objetivo: Explorar a importância da correta adaptação marginal da coroa protética ao dente e a sua relação com a reabilitação oral. Enumerar as consequências clínicas de uma inadequada determinação linha de acabamento no dente e adaptação da coroa protética. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa da bibliografia selecionada de acordo com as palavras-chave e objetivo do trabalho Discussão e Conclusão: A reabilitação dentária de sucesso está assente em três premissas: a saúde oral, a durabilidade da prótese e as expectativas do paciente. O médico dentista deve ter um conhecimento profundo dos procedimentos a executar e efectuar o planeamento prévio da reabilitação dentária. Com este trabalho foi possível inferir que não existe uma linha de término de eleição devido às diferentes situações clínicas existentes e que, independentemente do tipo de reabilitação dentária, deve ser o mais conservadora possível, sendo a localização supra-gengival preconizada se não houver comprometimento estético. A homeostasia dos tecidos deve ser assegurada, preservando a saúde periodontal dos tecidos envolvidos. Assim, uma boa adaptação marginal é fundamental para a longevidade do tratamento.
Introduction: The concept of aesthetics is subjective, so the literature indicates that making a quality aesthetic restoration is almost as important to an individual's mental health as it is to dental health. Thus, when tooth loss occurs, restoration of function and aesthetics must be satisfied. For oral rehabilitation to occur, the patient's oral health status regarding hygiene, absence of pathology, mucosa, teeth and alveolar bone should be assessed. There are several types of prosthetic rehabilitations namely removable and fixed prostheses that can be implant-supported, tooth-supported or mucus-supported. The preparation of the fixed prosthesis termination line is crucial. There are usually two types of preparations: preparations with finishing lines called horizontal; and preparations without finishing lines called verticals. Objective: To explore the importance of the correct marginal adaptation of the prosthetic crown to the tooth and its relationship with oral rehabilitation. List the clinical consequences of inadequate tooth finish line determination and adaptation of the prosthetic crown. Methodology: Narrative review of the bibliography selected according to the keywords and the objective of the work. Discussion and Conclusion: Successful dental rehabilitation is based on three premises: oral health, durability of the prosthesis and patient expectations. The dentist must have a thorough knowledge of the procedures to perform and carry out the advance planning of dental rehabilitation. With this work it was possible to infer that there is no end line of election due to the different clinical situations and that, regardless of the type of dental rehabilitation, should be as conservative as possible, and supra-gingival location is recommended if there is no aesthetic compromise. Tissue homeostasis should be ensured, preserving the periodontal health of the tissues involved. Thus, good marginal adaptation is critical to the longevity of treatment.

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Carvalhais, Carlos Wilson Costa. « B.O.P.T. Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique (Técnica de Preparação Biologicamente Orientada) ». Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6453.

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A reabilitação através de prótese fixa sobre dentes , é amplamente utilizada na reabilitação estética e funcional. No entanto, a recessão gengival é uma das mais comuns complicações inerentes a este tipo de restauração, expondo a linha de transição entre a margem protética e o dente natural. Tradicionalmente é executada uma linha de acabamento no preparo onde assenta a prótese (infra ou supragengival). A morfologia deste pilar desempenha um dos factores mais importantes para uma estabilidade da margem gengival, tendo isto em linha conta a técnica BOPT apresenta um novo realce, mediante o desenvolvimento de um perfil protético numa zona de acabamento sem margem definida no preparo. A BOPT é um protocolo de restauração que visa imitar os dentes naturais, para que a anatomia dentária seja transferida para a restauração protética definitiva. Desta forma, uma interação livre com a gengiva pode ocorrer de modo que se adapte, se forme e que assente em torno das novas formas e perfis. Comparando com técnicas convencionais, a BOPT tem demonstrado promover uma estabilidade dos tecidos a médio e longo prazo, adaptando-se por si mesmos e de forma natural ao preparo e à restauração.
Rehabilitation through fixed prosthesis on teeth is widely used in aesthetic and functional rehabilitation. However, one of the complications inherent to this type of restoration is the gingival recession, exposing the transition line between the prosthetic margin and the natural tooth. Traditionally a finishing line is executed where the prosthesis (infra or supragingival) rests. The morphology of this abutment plays an important role in the stability of the gingival margin, therefor the BOPT presents a new enhancement by developing a prosthetic profile in a finishing zone without defined margin of the preparation.. BOPT is a restoration protocol that aims to imitate the natural teeth, so that the dental anatomy is transferred to the final prosthetic restoration. In this way, a free interaction with the gum can occur so that it fits, forms and rests around new shapes and profiles. Compared with conventional techniques, BOPT has been shown to promote tissue stability in the medium and long term, adapting itself and naturally to the preparation and restoration.

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Vieira, Ana Cláudia Freitas. « Avaliação clínica da morfologia das próteses fixas na clínica universitária : estudo piloto ». Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16277.

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Introdução: A reabilitação protética das estruturas orais perdidas, visa a recuperação da função, estética e morfologia. Estão descritas associações entre a morfologia e a saúde oral, pelo que importa estudar este aspeto uma vez que a literatura existente não é conclusiva. Objetivo: Análise comparativa dos contornos vestibulares das coroas dentárias e respetivos processos alveolares. Relacionamento dos contornos dentários com as avaliações subjetivas do operador e do paciente e agravamento da saúde periodontal. Materiais e Métodos: Procedeu-se à comparação da linha de contorno coronário com a respetiva apófise alveolar de 40 peças dentárias de pacientes da Clínica Universitária da Universidade Católica Portuguesa – Centro Regional das Beiras. A linha de contorno coincidiu com o eixo longitudinal da estrutura passando pelo zenith dentário. Fez-se a recolha de dados através de impressões em alginato e modelos de estudo. Efetuaram-se fotografias de perfil das estruturas de interesse, de modo a que o eixo de incidência da captação fosse coincidente com o zenith e perpendicular ao contorno. Em determinados casos utilizaram-se chaves em silicone de adição. As fotografias foram editadas no CorelDraw X5. Para análise e tratamento dos dados utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS® (IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows®, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.), utilizando o teste de Cramer V e Mann-Whitney. Resultados e Conclusão: Verificou-se uma tendência para a existência de simetria entre a curvatura da apófise alveolar e a curvatura da face vestibular da coroa, observada em 74,3% dos casos que importa clarificar no futuro estudo. A curvatura da apófise alveolar foi mais acentuada em 60,0%, do que a correspondente coroa/dente. Do total da amostra, 74,3% dos casos foram identificados pelo operador como estando com o contorno correto. Quando avaliada pelos pacientes a percentagem subiu para 82,9%. A amostra não permitiu o esclarecimento adequado das relações entre a simetria, tipo de estrutura, impressão do operador, impressão do paciente, diferença entre contornos e agravamento da saúde periodontal. Do total dos casos reabilitados, 81,3% apresentaram agravamento da saúde periodontal local. No futuro estudo, importa controlar a variável adaptação da margem gengival uma vez que a maior parte dos casos mostraram uma adaptação marginal incorreta e ausência de simetria.
Introduction: The prosthetic rehabilitation of lost oral structures, aimed the recovery of function, aesthetics and morphology. Are described associations between morphology and oral health, therefore it is an important aspect of this study since the literature is not conclusive. Goals: Comparative analysis of vestibular contours of dental crowns and the respective alveolar processes. The relationships of dental contours with the subjective evaluations of the operator and patient and worsening of periodontal health. Materials and Methods: Proceeded to comparison of coronary contour line with the respective alveolar apophysis of 40 dental pieces from patients of the Clínica Universitária da Universidade Católica Portuguesa - Centro Regional das Beiras. The contour line coincides with the longitudinal axis of the dental structure through the zenith. There was data collection through alginate impressions and study models. There were performed profile photographs of the structures of interest, so that the incidence axis of the uptake was coincident with the zenith and perpendicular to the contour. In certain cases we used keys in addition silicone. The photographs were edited in CorelDRAW X5. For analysis and processing of data we used the statistical program SPSS (IBM Corp. IBM SPSS Statistics 2013 Released for Windows®, Version 22.0 Armonk, NY:. Corp. IBM) using Cramer's V and Mann-Whitney test. Results and Conclusion: There was a trend for the existence of symmetry between the curvature of the alveolar apophysis impression the curvature of the labial surface of the crown, observed in 74,3% of cases that need to be clarified in future studies. The curvature of the alveolar apophysis was more pronounced at 60,0% than the corresponding crown / tooth. Of the total sample, 74,3% of cases were identified as being the operator with the correct contour. When evaluated by the patients the percentage rise to 82,9%. The sample did not allow the proper clarification of the relationship between the symmetry, type of structure, operator impression, patient impression, contour and worsening of periodontal health. Of total rehabilitated cases, 81,3% had worsening of local periodontal health. In future studies, it would important control the variable adaptation from the gingival margin since in the most cases showed an incorrect marginal adaptation impression and absence of symmetry

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