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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Flash-heat »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 16 février 2022

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Flash-heat"

Rong, Yan, Linyuan Guo, Yunyan Peng, Jianhua Yang et Dong Jin. « Uncertainty Measurement of Closed Flash Point of Organic Heat Carrier ». E3S Web of Conferences 267 (2021) : 02039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126702039.

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The closed flash point is an important indicator in the detection of organic heat carrier. In this paper, based on the Pensky-Martin flash point (closed) measurement method, the closed flash point of the organic heat carrier is measured with an automatic closed cup flash point meter. The factors that may affect the accuracy of the measurement result during the measurement process are analyzed, and the uncertainty is determined. Through the analysis of the established uncertainty component sources, the repeatability measurement of the organic heat carrier, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor, and the numerical rounding based on the standard, the results of the closed flash point determination of the organic heat carrier are obtained. The synthetic uncertainty and the relative expanded uncertainty are evaluated to improve the reliability of the measurement results of the closed flash point of the organic heat carrier and provide a reference for the quality control of the organic heat carrier.

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Mo, Kingtse C., et Dennis P. Lettenmaier. « Precipitation Deficit Flash Droughts over the United States ». Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, n^o 4 (1 avril 2016) : 1169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0158.1.

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Abstract Flash drought refers to relatively short periods of warm surface temperature and anomalously low and rapid decreasing soil moisture (SM). Based on the physical mechanisms associated with flash droughts, these events are classified into two categories: heat wave and precipitation P deficit flash droughts. In previous work, the authors have defined heat wave flash droughts as resulting from the confluence of severe warm air temperature Tair, which increases evapotranspiration (ET), and anomalously low and decreasing SM. Here, a second type of flash drought caused by precipitation deficits is explored. The authors term these events P-deficit flash droughts, which they associate with lack of P. Precipitation deficits cause ET to decrease and temperature to increase. The P-deficit flash droughts are analyzed based on observations of P, Tair, and SM and ET reconstructed using land surface models for the period 1916–2013. The authors find that P-deficit flash droughts are more common than heat wave flash droughts. They are about twice as likely to occur as heat wave flash droughts over the conterminous United States. They are most prevalent over the southern United States with maxima over the southern Great Plains and the Southwest, in contrast to heat wave flash droughts that are mostly likely to occur over the Midwest and the Pacific Northwest, where the vegetation cover is dense.

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Mo, Kingtse C., et Dennis P. Lettenmaier. « Heat wave flash droughts in decline ». Geophysical Research Letters 42, n^o 8 (24 avril 2015) : 2823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl064018.

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Huang, Guidong, Songyuan Zhang, Zhong Ge, Zhiyong Xie, Zhipeng Yuan, Chong Tang, Jianbin Xie et Jian Xu. « Thermal performance analysis of organic flash cycle using R600A/R601A mixtures with internal heat exchanger ». Thermal Science, n^o 00 (2020) : 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci200507296h.

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In this study, the thermal performance of an internal heat exchanger-organic flash cycle system driven by geothermal water was investigated.R600a/R601a mixtures were selected as the working fluid. The effects of the mole fraction of mixtures on the heat absorption capacity of the heater, the temperature rise of cold working fluid in the internal heat exchanger, net power output, thermal efficiency, and electricity generation costs were analyzed. The net power outputs, electricity generation costs, and thermal efficiency of the internal heat exchanger-organic flash cycle and simple organic flash cycle systems were compared. Results showed that the system using theR600a/R601a mixtures (0.7/0.3mole fraction) has the largest net power output, which increased the net power output by 3.68% and 42.23% over the R601a and R600a systems, respectively. WhentheR600a mole fraction was 0.4, the electricity generation costs reduction of the internal heat exchanger-organic flash cycle system was the largest (1.77% compared with the simple organic flash cycle system).The internal heat exchanger can increase the thermal efficiency of organic flash cycle, but the net power output does not necessarily increase.

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Chou, Qiao Li, Cong Zhuo Jin et Peng Cheng Shu. « Vapor Compress Flash : Synthesis and Progress on Seawater Desalination Methods ». Advanced Materials Research 322 (août 2011) : 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.322.134.

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Among the modern seawater desalination methods, this article analyzes and induces the question of the second vapor condensing latent heat loss of the open heat process in multi-stage flash. Then this article synthesizes its merits and proposes for the first time the newest and the best and integrated vapor compress flash seawater desalination method, in witch a flash with the best product water quality is driven by a vapor compress with the highest heat-power efficiency, with technical superiorities such as the lowest investment cost and independent flash operation and modularization combination production and so on.

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Mo, Kingtse C., et Dennis P. Lettenmaier. « Prediction of Flash Droughts over the United States ». Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, n^o 8 (1 août 2020) : 1793–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0221.1.

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AbstractWe examine reforecasts of flash droughts over the United States for the late spring (April–May), midsummer (June–July), and late summer/early autumn (August–September) with lead times up to 3 pentads based on the NOAA second-generation Global Ensemble Forecast System reforecasts version 2 (GEFSv2). We consider forecasts of both heat wave and precipitation deficit (P deficit) flash droughts, where heat wave flash droughts are characterized by high temperature and depletion of soil moisture and P deficit flash droughts are caused by lack of precipitation that leads to (rather than being the cause of) high temperature. We find that the GEFSv2 reforecasts generally capture the frequency of occurrence (FOC) patterns. The equitable threat score (ETS) of heat wave flash drought forecasts for late spring in the regions where heat wave flash droughts are most likely to occur over the north-central and Pacific Northwest regions is statistically significant up to 2 pentads. The GEFSv2 reforecasts capture the basic pattern of the FOC of P-deficit flash droughts and also are skillful up to lead about 2 pentads. However, the reforecasts overestimate the P-deficit flash drought FOC over parts of the Southwest in late spring, leading to large false alarm rates. For autumn, the reforecasts underestimate P-deficit flash drought occurrence over California and Nevada. The GEFSv2 reforecasts are able to capture the approximately linear relationship between evaporation and soil moisture, but the lack of skill in precipitation forecasts limits the skill of P-deficit flash drought forecasts.

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Habuka, Hitoshi, Akiko Hara, Takeshi Karasawa et Masaki Yoshioka. « Heat Transport Analysis for Flash Lamp Annealing ». Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, n^o 3A (8 mars 2007) : 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.937.

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Hunt, Eric. « The flash drought of 1936 ». Journal of Applied and Service Climatology 2020, n^o 4 (20 novembre 2020) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46275/joasc.2020.11.001.

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An exceptional flash drought during the spring and summer of 1936 led to extreme heat waves, large losses of human life and significant reductions of crop production. An analysis of historic precipitation and temperature records shows that the flash drought originated over the southeastern United States (U.S.) in April 1936. The flash drought then spread north and westward through the early summer of 1936 and possibly merged with a flash drought that had developed in the spring over the northern Plains. The timing of the flash drought was particularly ill-timed as most locations were at or entering their climatological peak for precipitation at the onset of flash drought, thus maximizing the deficits of precipitation. Thus, by early July most locations in the central and eastern U.S. were either in drought or rapidly cascading toward drought. The weeks that followed the 1st of July were some of the hottest on record in the U.S., with two major heat waves: first over the Midwest and eastern U.S. in the first half of July and then across the south-central U.S in the month of August. The combination of the flash drought and heat wave led to an agricultural disaster in the north central U.S. and one of the deadliest events in U.S. history.

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Luo, Chao, Jun Zhao, Yongzhen Wang, Hongmei Yin, Qingsong An et Yulie Gong. « Design and experimental research on the combined flash-binary geothermal power generation system driven by low-medium temperature geothermal system ». Thermal Science 24, n^o 2 Part A (2020) : 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci181112013l.

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To match for the different temperature of the geothermal resource and strengthen the flexibility of organic Rankine cycle, a variable capacity power generation superstructure based on flash and organic Rankine cycle for geothermal energy was proposed. A combined flash-binary experimental prototype is newly established to investigate thermodynamic performance both on system and equipment in this paper. Pressured hot water is adopted as the extensive worldwide existed hydrothermal geothermal resource, eliminating the influence of the used heat transfer oil on evaporating process. The experimental results show that there is an optimal mass-flow rate of R245fa under the condition of different heat source temperature. Flash and binary power subsystem dominate the flash-binary power system, respectively, when the heat source temperature is 120? and 130?. The isotropic efficiency of modified compressor just between 0.2 and 0.25. The power output of per ton geofluid are 0.78 kWh/t and 1.31 kWh/t, respectively, when the heat source temperature are 120? and 130?. These results will predict the operation data of flash-binary power plant driven by the low-medium temperature geothermal water for construction in western of China.

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Banks, H. T., D. Cioranescu, A. K. Criner et W. P. Winfree. « Modeling the flash-heat experiment on porous domains ». Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 70, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2012) : 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0033-569x-2011-01230-8.

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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Flash-heat"

Trædal, Stian. « Analysis of the Trilateral Flash Cycle for Power Production from low Temperature Heat Sources ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26347.

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SummaryIn this study, the Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) and the Partially Evaporating Cycle (PEC) have been analyzed and compared to the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for power production from low temperature heat sources. This study is a continuation of the work done in my project thesis fall 2013.The ORC is a well-known technology that is in use in several plants today. The TFC and PEC on the other hand are still in a state of technical development. The biggest challenge for the TFC and PEC is the required two-phase expansion. Lately, two-phase expanders with high efficiencies have been developed, which makes the TFC and PEC economically interesting.Currently, only a few studies on the TFC and PEC can be found, and most of them are theoretical considerations. All of these studies finds the TFC promising for low temperature heat sources, which was also the findings of my project thesis. The PEC is found to be promising for smaller systems where the working fluid pump efficiency is low.The TFCs main difference from the ORC is that the heating process ends at the boiling point of the working fluid, i.e. there is no evaporation and superheating. This leads to a better temperature match between the working fluid and the heat source, such that more heat can be transferred to the working fluid. Power is produced in a two-phase expander after the heating process. The cost pr. kWh for TFC systems have been estimated to be lower than for ORC systems due to the elimination of the evaporator, separator drum, gear box, lube oil system and the fact that simpler heat exchangers can be used.In the PEC, the working fluid is allowed to be partially evaporated during the heating process. This is done in an attempt to combine the advantages of the TFC and the ORC.The ORC, TFC and PEC have been simulated in a Microsoft Excel calculation tool, using Visual Basic for Applications. The simulations include detailed heat exchanger models to calculate heat transfer coefficients and pressure losses, and two-phase expander efficiency models for the TFC and PEC. The three cycles have been simulated and optimized for maximum net power production for three cases using different heat source temperatures. Air with a mass flow of 10 kg/s and temperatures of 100, 150 and 200 °C are used for Case I, Case II and Case III respectively. Water at 20 °C is used as the heat sink. The three cases are simulated with eight different working fluids, R123, R134a, R245fa, R1234ze(E), butane, pentane, isopentane and propane with maximum heat exchanger areas of 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500 and 4000 m2. Different performance parameters are calculated and used to compare the performance of the ORC, TFC and PEC, and the different working fluids. The results show that the TFC has the lowest power production for all cases, and the largest estimated system size. Both the total heat exchanger area and expander outlet volume flow are generally higher for the TFC systems, especially for the lower heat source temperature cases. For the 100 °C and 150 °C cases the power production for the TFC and ORC is in the same range. Since TFC systems are estimated to have a lower cost than ORC systems, they can be suitable for systems with heat sources in this range when system size is not a critical factor. The PEC does not show any advantage over the ORC for the cases analyzed here. This study shows less promising results for the TFC than my project thesis and other published studies. This is mainly due to the variable two-phase expander efficiency used here, and that none of the other studies considers pressure losses in the system or calculation of heat transfer coefficients for each working fluid.A scientific paper on the main results from the study before the simulation of the PEC and inclusion of the heat exchanger models is given in Appendix C. This paper has been submitted to the journal Energy. A scientific paper on the final results of the study is given in Appendix D. This paper has been submitted to the Gustav Lorentzen Conference.

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Ajimotokan, Habeeb A. « A study of trilateral flash cycles for low-grade waste heat recovery-to-power generation ». Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9202.

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There has been renewed significance for innovative energy conversion technologies, particularly the heat recovery-to-power technologies for sustainable power generation from renewable energies and waste heat. This is due to the increasing concern over high demand for electricity, energy shortage, global warming and thermal pollution. Among the innovative heat recovery-to- power technologies, the proposed trilateral flash cycle (TFC) is a promising option, which presents a great potential for development. Unlike the Rankine cycles, the TFC starts the working fluid expansion from the saturated liquid condition rather than the saturated, superheated or supercritical vapour phase, bypassing the isothermal boiling phase. The challenges associated with the need to establish system design basis and facilitate system configuration design-supporting analysis from proof-of-concept towards a market-ready TFC technology are significant. Thus, there is a great need for research to improve the understanding of its operation, behaviour and performance. The objective of this study is to develop and establish simulation tools of the TFCs for improving the understanding of their operation, physics of performance metrics and to evaluate novel system configurations for low-grade heat recovery-to-power generation. This study examined modelling and process simulation of the TFC engines in order to evaluate their performance metrics, predictions for guiding system design and parameters estimations. A detailed thermodynamic analysis, performance optimization and parametric analysis of the cycles were conducted, and their optimized performance metrics compared. These were aimed at evaluating the effects of the key parameters on system performances and to improve the understanding of the performance behaviour. Four distinct system configurations of the TFC, comprising the simple TFC, TFC with IHE, reheat TFC and TFC with feed fluid-heating (or regenerative TFC) were examined. Steady-state steady-flow models of the TFC power plants, corresponding to their thermodynamic processes were thermodynamically modelled and implemented using engineering equation solver (ESS). These models were used to determine the optimum synthesis/ design parameters of the cycles and to evaluate their performance metrics, at the subcritical operating conditions and design criteria. Thus, they can be valuable tools in the preliminary prototype system design of the power plants. The results depict that the thermal efficiencies of the simple TFC, TFC with IHE, reheat TFC and regenerative TFC employing n-pentane are 11.85 - 21.97%, 12.32 - 23.91%, 11.86 - 22.07% and 12.01 - 22.9% respectively over the cycle high temperature limit of 393 - 473 K. These suggest that the integration of an IHE, fluid-feed heating and reheating in optimized design of the TFC engine enhanced the heat exchange efficiencies and system performances. The effects of varying the expander inlet pressure at the cycle high temperature and expander isentropic efficiency on performance metrics of the cycles were significant. They have assisted in selecting the optimum-operating limits for the maximum performance metrics. The thermal efficiencies of all the cycles increased as the inlet pressures increased from 2 - 3 MPa and increased as the expander isentropic efficiencies increased from 50 - 100%, while their exergy efficiencies increased. This is due to increased net work outputs that suggest optimal value of pressure ratios between the expander inlets and their outlets. A comprehensive evaluation depicted that the TFC with IHE attained the best performance metrics among the cycles. This is followed by the regenerative TFC whereas the simple TFC and reheat TFC have the lowest at the same subcritical operating conditions. The results presented show that the performance metrics of the cycles depend on the system configuration, and the operating conditions of the cycles, heat source and heat sink. The results also illustrate how system configuration design and sizing might be altered for improved performance and experimental measurements for preliminary prototype development.

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Bryson, Matthew John, et mbryson@bigpond net au. « The conversion of low grade heat into electricity using the Thermosyphon Rankine Engine and Trilateral Flash Cycle ». RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.162927.

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Low grade heat (LGH) sources, here defined as below 80ºC, are one group of abundant energy sources that are under-utilised in the production of electricity. Industrial waste heat provides a convenient source of concentrated LGH, while solar ponds and geothermal resources are examples of sustainable sources of this energy. For a number of years RMIT has had two ongoing, parallel heat engine research projects aimed at the conversion of LGH into electricity. The Thermosyphon Rankine Engine (TSR) is a heat engine that uses water under considerable vacuum. The other research stream uses a hydrocarbon based working fluid in a heat engine employing the Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC). The TSR Mk V was designed and built as a low cost heat engine for the conversion of LGH into electricity. Its main design advantages are its cost and the employment of only one moving part. Using the data gained from the experimental rig, deviations from the expected results (those derived theoretically) were explored to gain insight for further development. The results from the TSR rig were well below those expected from the design specifications. Although the experimental apparatus was able to process the required heat energy, the efficiency of conversion fell well below the expected 3% and was approximately 0.2%. The inefficiency was explained by a number of contributing factors, the major being form drag upon the rotor that contributed around 2/3 of the losses. Although this was the major cause of the power loss, other factors such as the interference with the rotor by the condensate on its return path contributed to the overall poor performance of the TSR Mk V. The RMIT TFC project came about from exploration of the available academic literature on the subject of LGH conversion. Early work by researchers into applying Carnot's theory to finite heat sources led them to explore the merits of sensible heat transfer combined with a cycle that passes a liquid (instead of a gas) though an expander. The results showed that it was theoretically possible to extract and convert more energy from a heat source of this type using this method than using any other alternative. This previous research was targeted at heat sources above 80ºC and so exploration of the theoretical and empirical results for sources below this temperature was needed. Computer models and an experimental rig using isopentane (with a 28ºC boiling point at atmospheric pressure) were produced to assess the outcomes of employing low temperature heat sources using a TFC. The experimental results from the TFC research proved promising with the efficiency of conversion ranging from 0.8% to 2.4%. Although s uch figures seem poor in isolation, it should be noted that the 2.4% efficiency represents an achievement of 47% of the theoretical ideal conversion efficiency in a rig that uses mainly off-the-shelf components. It also confirms that the TFC shows promise when applied to heat sources less than 80ºC.

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Carrion, Domenech Luis Enrique. « Study of high flash point ethyl alcohol-based secondary fluids applied in Ground Source Heat Pumps systems ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260335.

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Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) as secondary fluids is very popular as heat transfer fluid for indirect refrigeration system with ground source heat pump systems (GSHP) in several countries such as Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Finland and other European countries. There have been several researches about the future ofthe refrigeration sector, refrigerants and refrigeration systems. Moreover, strict regulations such as F-gasregulation and Kigali Amendment forcing a phase down of many current widely used high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants, i.e. R134a or R410A. Therefore, secondary refrigeration systems and their working fluids are expected to play a key role in order to minimize the refrigerant charge in the systems, reduce the indirect refrigerant leakages as well as increase the safety during operation. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the effect different additives to increase the flame point together with ethanol-based secondary fluids and validate their thermophysical properties by comparing them with reference values for pure ethanol water solutions. The study aims to design a new commercial ethyl alcohol-based product for GSHP system that could replace existing ones in the Swedish market and could workwith natural or flammable low GWP refrigerants. Different high flash point additives were tested such as 1-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, glycerol andpropylene carbonate. Thermophysical properties were investigated and a GSHP model in Excel was created in order to assess the energy performance of the resulted blends. After screening different blends and assessing the energy performance, glycerol as additive in low concentration seems to be the future for the ethyl alcohol-based secondary fluids because of its high flashpoint (160ºC) that will reduce the flammability risk associated to ethyl alcohol blends, the low viscosity (by 12% lower compared to pure ethyl alcohol blends) that help reduce pumping power by 4.5% compared topure ethyl alcohol blends. Moreover, ethyl alcohol and glycerol blend showed the lost in heat transfer coefficient by 4% lower compared to pure ethyl alcohol blends due to lower thermal conductivity compared to pure ethyl alcohol blends. Finally, it is a rather cheap and natural product which has no problem related to corrosion since ethyl alcohol and glycerol are less corrosive than water. Although, flash point test was not conducted so there is no data regarding the flash point, it is expected the flash point is increased due to the high flash point of glycerol compared to ethyl alcohol or other possible additives. Therefore, it is expected that the flammability risk associated to ethyl alcohol-based secondary fluids is reduced.
Etylalkohol (etanol) som köldbärare är mycket populärt som värmeöverföringsvätska för indirekt kylsystemmed bergvärmepumpsystem (BVP) i Sverige, Norge, Schweiz, Finland och andra europeiska länder. Fleraundersökningar har gjorts om kylsektorns framtid, köldmedier och kylsystem. Dessutom strängaförordningar som F-gas förordning och Kigali- förordning tvingar en utfasning av många nuvarande allmäntanvända köldmedier med den höga globala uppvärmningspotentialen (GWP), dvs. R134a eller R410A. Därför förväntas det att kylsystem och deras köldbärare spela en nyckelroll för att minimera köldmediumsmängd i systemen, minska de indirekta köldmedieläckage och öka säkerheten under drift. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka effekten av olika tillsatser för att öka flammanpunkten tillsammans med etanolbaserade köldbärare och validera deras termofysikaliska egenskaper genom att jämföra dem med referensvärden för rena etanolvattenlösningar. Studien syftar till att utforma en nykommersiell etylalkoholbaserad produkt för BVP-system som skulle kunna ersätta befintliga produkter på den svenska marknaden och kan arbeta med naturliga eller brandfarliga köldmedier med låg GWP. Olika tillsatser med hög flampunkt testades såsom 1-propylalkohol, n-butylalkohol, glycerol och propylenkarbonat. Termofysikaliska egenskaper undersöktes och en BVP-modell i Excel skapades för att bedöma energiprestanda för olika blandningarna. De erhållna resultaten för olika blandningar visar att glycerol i en låg koncentration som tillsats kan vara framtidens additiv för de etylalkoholbaserade köldbärare på grund av dess höga flampunkt (160 ºC) som förmodligen kan minska brandrisken för etylalkoholblandningar. Dessutom hade glycerol och etanolblandningar den lägsta viskositeten (c.a.12% lägre jämfört med ren etylalkoholblandningar) som bidrar tillen minskning av pumpeffekten med c.a. 4,5% jämfört med rena etylalkoholblandningar. Däremot visade etylalkohol och glycerol blandningen c.a. 4% lägre värmeöverövergångstal jämfört med de rena etylalkoholblandningar på grund av lägre värmeledningsförmåga jämfört med ren etylalkoholblandningar. Slutligen är glycerol en ganska billig och naturlig produkt som inte har några korrosionsproblem eftersom etylalkohol och glycerol är mindre frätande än vatten. Även om flampunkttest inte genomfördes i projektet, förväntas det att flampunkten ökas lite på grund av den höga flampunkten av glycerol jämfört med etylalkohol och andra tillsatser. Därför förväntas det att brännbarhetsrisken förknippad med etylalkoholbaserade köldbärare reduceras.

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Benali, Tahar. « Optimisation énergétique des procédés : application à la distillation atmosphérique du pétrole ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0085.

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L'objectif de cette étude consiste à développer une approche permettant d'économiser de l'énergie de haut niveau thermique dans le procédé de la distillation atmosphérique du pétrole. Cette approche repose sur le fait que l'installation de plusieurs flashs sur le train de préchauffage de ce procédé associée à un choix approprié du plateau d'alimentation des vapeurs résultantes à la colonne de distillation, provoque une diminution de la chaleur apportée à ce train de préchauffage. Le déficit de chaleur de haut niveau thermique ainsi créé est causé par la réduction des débits des reflux latéraux de la colonne de distillation et il est compensé par de la chaleur de bas niveau thermique apportée par les effluents résiduaires disponibles dans toute la raffinerie. Cette approche peut être appliquée aux nouveaux procédés comme à l'expansion des procédés existants et l'économie d'énergie de haut niveau thermique dans le four peut atteindre les 21%. Une réduction équivalente des gaz à effet de serre est aussi observée
The objective of this thesis is to demonstrate, on thermodynamic grounds, that introducing a flash in the preheating train of an atmospheric oil distillation process , together with an appropriate feeding of the resulting vapors into the column, could potentially bring substantial energy savings by reducing the duty of the preheating furnace and by reducing the distillation column irreversibilities. This idea has been expended by showing how this can be done while keeping the throughput and the product characteristics unchanged. The outcome is that placing several flashes after the heat exchangers and feeding the corresponding vapor streams to the appropriate trays of the column, reduces the pumparound flows and then the heat brought to the preheating train. The resulting heat deficit may then be compensated in additional heat exchangers by using low level heat recuperated from the products of the distillation and/or imported from other processes. The use of this residual heat reduces the furnace duty by approximately an equivalent amount and could be as high as 21%. The approach can be applied in the design of news processes or in the revamping of existing ones

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Majerus, Laurent J. « Application of the Thermal Flash Technique for Characterizing High Thermal Diffusivity Micro and Nanostructures ». Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1259794802.

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Thesis(M.S.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009
Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-01-28) Department of EMC - Mechanical Engineering Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

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Musella, Manuela. « Development and test of a method for the simultaneous measurement of heat capacity and thermal diffusivity by laser-flash technique at very high temperatures : application to uranium dioxide ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2831/.

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The "classical" laser-flash method is today the most used technique to measure the thermal diffusivity of a wide range of materials. This work describes the development of a new technique, based on the laser-flash method, which measures simultaneously on the same sample with an absolute method the thermal diffusivity and the specific heat, and its application to a number of high melting-point refractory materials. In this work, a new data processing procedure, which takes radiative and conductive heat losses into consideration, is introduced, and the thermal diffusivity, a, and specific heat, cp are determined by fitting the entire experimental transient temperature curve. The thermal conductivity is then calculated from the measured a and cp values via the relationship = apcP, where p is the density of the material. For the calculation the measured room temperature values of p corrected to the temperature of interest via literature data on thermal expansion are used. The new technique is applied to measure the specific heat, thermal diffusivity of POCO AXM 5Q graphite, zirconium dioxide and uranium dioxide (materials of scientific and technological interest) at very high temperatures (above 1800K) from which thermal conductivity values can be calculated. The values obtained, having a precision of ~2% in the case of the thermal diffusivity, and ~7% for the specific heat and the thermal conductivity, are discussed and compared with literature data. The results obtained for uranium dioxide are used for a critical analysis of the physical mechanisms underlying the heat transport in this material.

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Abdul, Abas Riad. « Experimental Studies of Thermal Diffusivities concerning some Industrially Important Systems ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3864.

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Santos, Rafael Eugenio dos. « Caracterização mecânica e metalúrgica de um elo de corrente de amarra em aço para aplicação naval na indústria do petróleo ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171381.

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As amarras de correntes de aço para aplicação naval utilizadas na indústria de óleo e gás são fabricadas para atender elevadas exigências operacionais. Com a prospecção de petróleo em águas profundas e ultraprofundas o conhecimento de suas propriedades torna-se relevante. Frente a essa necessidade foi realizado o estudo das propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas de um elo de corrente de amarra naval na indústria do petróleo proveniente de operação. Esse estudo teve como objetivo principal identificar e avaliar as propriedades mecânicas e metalúrgicas das regiões resultante do processo de soldagem por centelhamento frente ao material de base. Como objetivo secundário foi classificado o material de acordo com algumas propriedades mecânicas recomendadas pela IACS UR W22. Para isso foram realizados ensaios de tração, microdureza, tenacidade ao impacto Charpy e à fratura CTOD, com avaliações metalúrgicas no material de base e região de união por centelhamento. Como resultado foi verificado que o processo de soldagem por centelhamento produziu zonas de extensões reduzidas e com menores valores de tenacidade à fratura e ao impacto. O processo de centelhamento produziu união com espessura de 0,375 mm, com uma zona de solda revelada por ataque químico e duas zonas afetadas pelo calor caracterizadas apenas por perfil de microdureza, com 0,150 mm e 0,300 mm, respectivamente. Os menores valores de tenacidade ao impacto Charpy e à fratura CTOD foram medidos nos corpos de prova posicionados na zona afetada pelo calor. Os resultados obtidos em todos os ensaios foram comparados com as recomendações técnicas IACS UR W22, onde caracterizou o elo como grau R4.
Mooring chains of offshore systems anchors are design to be used under extreme environment operation. New fields of exploration have been operated in deep water and ultra-deep water, wherefore, require more knowledge of the mechanical and metallurgical properties. Hence a study of a studless link of offshore chain from the operating service component was carried out. The main goal of this work was to determine and evaluate the properties of the base material and the zones produced by Flash Butt Welding Process. Furthermore, the material was characterized by the IACS UR W22 standard recommendation. In this study tests of tensile test, microhardness, Charpy and CTOD toughness, mechanical and metallurgical evaluation were performed in the base material and welding zones. The results showed small welding zones with reduced impact and fracture toughness. The lowest values were seen in specimens from the heat affect zone. The weld zone thickness observed by chemical etching extend 0,375 mm and the microhardness profile indicated a Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) with 0,150 and 0,300 mm. The lowest Charpy and CTOD toughness tests were measured in the HAZ specimens. These results were compared with IACS UR W22 standard recommendation and the link chain was characterized as R4 grade.

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Ullbrand, Jennifer. « A comparison of SPS and HP sintered, electroless copper plated carbon nanofibre composites for heat sink applications ». Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-21106.

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The aim of this study is to synthesize a material with high thermal conductivity and a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), useful as a heat sink. Carbon nanofibres (CNF) are first coated with copper by an electroless plating technique and then sintered to a solid sample by either spark plasma sintering (SPS) or hot pressing (HP). The final product is a carbon nanofibre reinforced copper composite. Two different fibre structures are considered: platlet (PL) and herringbone (HB). The influence of the amount of CNF reinforcement (6-24 %wt), on the thermal conductivity and CTE is studied. CNF has an excellent thermal conductivity in the direction along the fibre while it is poor in the transverse direction. The CTE is close to zero in the temperature range of interest. The adhesion of Cu to the CNF surface is in general poor and thus improving the the wetting of the copper by surface modifications of the fibres are of interest such that thermal gaps in the microstructure can be avoided. The poor wetting results in CNF agglomerates, resulting in an inhomogeneous microstructure. In this report a combination of three different types of surface modifications has been tested: (1) electroless deposition of copper was used to improve Cu impregnation of CNF; (2) heat treatment of CNF to improve wetting; and (3) introduction of a Cr buffer layer to further enhance wetting. The obtained composite microstructures are characterized in terms of chemical composition, grain size and degree of agglomeration. In addition their densities are also reported. The thermal properties were evaluated in terms of thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and CTE. Cr/Cu coated platelet fibres (6wt% of CNF reinforcement) sintered by SPS is the sample with the highest thermal conductivity, ~200 W/Km. The thermal conductivity is found to decrease with increasing content of CNFs.

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Livres sur le sujet "Flash-heat"

Waid, Mark. The Flash : Dead heat. New York : DC Comics, 2000.

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Musella, Manuela. Development and test of a method for the simultaneous measurement of heat capacity and thermal diffusivity by laser-flash technique at very high temperatures : Application to uranium dioxide. [s.l.] : typescript, 1999.

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Waid, Mark. The Flash : Dead Heat. DC Comics, 2000.

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Hyde, David. Wade's World : The Flash That Ignites the Heat. Triumph Books, 2006.

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Center, Langley Research, dir. Comparison of thermal coefficients for two microwave detectors : Diode/voltage-to-frequency converter and flash analog-to-digital converter. Hampton, Va : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2001.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Flash-heat"

Paskaluk, Stephen A., et Mark Y. Ackerman. « Experimental Study of Heat Flux in Propane Flash Fires ». Dans Performance of Protective Clothing and Equipment : 10th Volume, Risk Reduction Through Research and Testing, 195–211. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 : ASTM International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp159320160023.

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Beck, J. V., et R. B. Dinwiddie. « Parameter Estimation Method for Flash Thermal Diffusivity with Two Different Heat Transfer Coefficients ». Dans Thermal Conductivity 23, 107–18. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003210719-13.

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Giedd, R. E., et David G. Onn. « Electronic Flash : A Rapid Method for Measuring the Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Dielectric Materials ». Dans Thermal Conductivity 20, 339–46. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0761-7_32.

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Rijpkema, Jelmer, Karin Munch et Sven B. Andersson. « Combining Low- and High-Temperature Heat Sources in a Heavy Duty Diesel Engine for Maximum Waste Heat Recovery Using Rankine and Flash Cycles ». Dans Energy and Thermal Management, Air-Conditioning, and Waste Heat Utilization, 154–71. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00819-2_12.

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Tavman, İsmail. « Flash Method of Measuring Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity ». Dans Convective Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media, 923–36. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3220-6_32.

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Rane, S., et L. He. « Modelling of Flash Boiling in Two-Phase Geothermal Turbine ». Dans Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 45–49. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_7.

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Li, Siguang, Yanjun Li, Longbin Yang, Xiaojin Zhang et Runzhang Xu. « Experimental Investigation on Flash Evaporation of Pure Water at Different Depths with Functional Analysis Method ». Dans Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering, 51–54. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_8.

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« heat flash ». Dans Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 669. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_80546.

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E. Torres Molina, Luz, Sara Morales et Luis F. Carrión. « Urban Heat Island Effects in Tropical Climate ». Dans Vortex Dynamics Theories and Applications. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91253.

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This paper reviews some of the characteristics of urban climates and the causes and effects of urban heat island (UHI) issues in the tropical climate. UHI effect is a kind of heat accumulation phenomenon within the urban areas due to urban construction and human activities. It is recognized as the most evident characteristic of urban climate. The increase of land surface temperature in San Juan, Puerto Rico, caused by the UHI effect was influenced by the change of land use and material types in construction. The impacts of daily temperature, surface albedo, evapotranspiration (ET), and anthropogenic heating on the near-surface climate are discussed. Analyzed data and field measurements indicate that increasing albedo and vegetation cover can be effective in reducing the surface and air temperatures near the ground. Some mitigation and prevention measures are proposed for the effects of UHI, such as a flash flood warning system.

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« Analog Calculations of Heat Pump System with Flash-Tank in Scroll Compressor ». Dans International Conference on Computer Technology and Development, 3rd (ICCTD 2011), 1267–71. ASME Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.859919.paper207.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Flash-heat"

Wang, Yuwen. « An analysis of temperature distribution of heat flash ». Dans International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Engineering '90. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294852.

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Pletka, Roman, Nikolaos Papandreou, Radu Stoica, Haris Pozidis, Nikolas Ioannou, Tim Fisher, Aaron Fry, Kip Ingram et Andrew Walls. « Improving NAND flash performance with read heat separation ». Dans 2020 28th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mascots50786.2020.9285970.

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Redko, Andriy, Adam Ujma, Anna Pavlovska, Yurii Burda et Volodymyr Andoniev. « Heat recovery in hybrid flash/orc power plants ». Dans 20th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2021.20.tf295.

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Wei, Li, Liu Zhuo, Guo Qiang et Yuan Yidan. « A Numerical Research on the Heat Transfer Process for a General Passive Heat Removal System ». Dans 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67260.

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A code module for simulating a general passive heat removal system composed of an elevated water tank, a heat exchanger and pipes connecting them is developed in this paper. Then, a typical heat transfer process in this heat removal system is calculated. According to the simulation results, the flash shows the most important impact of the heat transfer process for this passive heat removal system, especially the moment of the flash appearing. In order to design a scaled-down facility with the help of a scaling method to carry out experimental studies on the heat transfer process occurring in a PHRS for developing a more efficient heat removal system, all influence factors of flash should be conducted before a scaling analysis to make a good understanding for the flash. Finally, we get some qualitative conclusions based on sensitivity analyses for some influence parameters: 1) water temperature in the water tank, system flow resistance and the length of the outlet pipe should be ensured by designing according to scaling criteria strictly; 2) choosing a heat exchanger with geometric and material similarity can realize a consistency of heat transfer efficiency and 3) the liquid level in the water tank is less important.

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Lior, Noam, et Albert Girbal-Puig. « The Integrated Heat Storage Flash Boiler (HSFB) : Review, Principles, Design and Testing ». Dans ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89061.

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Systems that store heat in a liquid that can generate vapor for various applications by flash evaporation, sometimes known as steam accumulators, are a relatively simple way for integrated heat storage and vapor/steam generation. Applications include buffering of the transient heat supply and demand in conventionally-fuelled boilers, locomotives and steam power generation systems and more recently in solar thermal power. The information available about this type of heat storage was mostly about steady state operation with little attention to the flash evaporation aspects. In this paper we describe the state of the art and a well-instrumented facility for the experimental study of a variant of such systems, the Heat Storage Flash Boiler that includes a 19.28 m3 storage/flash tank, which was developed by us for experimental examination of its storage and discharge performance for temperatures between 65 °C and 120 °C and pressures from 0.5 to 2 bars (50–200 kPa).. The applicability of such a facility as a generator of steam for feeding a turbine or other purposes has been demonstrated. Flashing has been induced at water temperatures between 80 °C and 100 °C. At 97 °C, the average flow rates obtained ranged between 14 kg/hr for a driving pressure drop of Δpf = 3.2 cm Hg (4.266 kPa), and 390 kg/hr for Δpf = 5.1 cm Hg (6.799 kPa). Specific attention was paid to key issues including the flash evaporation phenomenon, conditions for choked flow of the steam and for mist entrainment, and need and ways for the storage water deaeration. Detailed results for the experimental runs, and the mass flow generation rate of water evaporated was well-correlated to the driving pressure drop for flashing, Δpf. The experiments have provided useful information about the associated heat storage issues and flash steam generation phenomena. Basic considerations and methods for the design of integrated thermal storage/steam generation systems, the Heat Storage Flash Boilers are presented.

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Lin, Bochuan, Shen Zhu, Heng Ban, Chao Li, Rosalia N. Scripa, Ching-Hua Su et Sandor L. Lehoczky. « Thermal Property Measurement of Semiconductor Melt Using Modified Laser Flash Method ». Dans ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47448.

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This study further develops the standard laser flash method for the measurement of multiple thermal properties of semiconductor melts. The standard laser flash method is widely used to measure thermal diffusivity of solids. Our modified procedure allows thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity of molten semiconductor material to be determined simultaneously. The transient heat transfer process in the melt and its quartz container was computationally studied in detail. A fitting procedure based on the numerical result and the least root-mean-square error fitting to the experimental data was used to extract thermal diffusivity, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity. The results for tellurium (Te) at 873 K: specific heat capacity 300.2 J/kg K, thermal conductivity 3.50 W/m K, thermal diffusivity 2.04×10−6 m2/s, are in good agreement with data published in the literature. Furthermore, uncertainty analysis showed quantitatively the effect of sample geometry, transient temperature measured, and the energy of the laser pulse on the results.

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Chaudhri, Rohit, Darivanh Vlachos, Jabili Kaza, Joy Palludan, Nathan Bilbao, Troy Martin, Gaetano Borriello, Beth Kolko et Kiersten Israel-Ballard. « A system for safe flash-heat pasteurization of human breast milk ». Dans the 5th ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1999927.1999932.

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Alam, M. K., et A. M. Druma. « Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Foams ». Dans ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47008.

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A number of carbon foam products are being developed for use as insulation, heat spreaders, and compact heat exchanger cores. The application of carbon foams in aerospace applications is advantageous due to the high thermal conductivity and low density of the graphitic foam. However, the measurement of thermal conductivity has been difficult due the problems of interface contact and lower strength of the foam. The flash diffusivity method has been used to find thermal conductivity of a wide range of materials. Because of the porous nature of the foam, errors may be introduced with the flash diffusivity method. An analytical and experimental study has been carried out to determine the validity of the flash diffusivity method for foam specimen.

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Miser, Christen, Paul King et Frederick Schauer. « PDE Flash Vaporization System for Hydrocarbon Fuel Using Thrust Tube Waste Heat ». Dans 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3511.

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Cowell, S. D., D. D. Burleigh et T. J. Murray. « Flash Lamp Heat Flux Requirements For Thermographic Inspection Of Fiber Composite Laminates ». Dans SPIE 1989 Technical Symposium on Aerospace Sensing, sous la direction de Gregory B. McIntosh. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.953401.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Flash-heat"

Hunt, Eric, Amy McGovern, Jordan Christian, Lauren Lowman et Thomas Connor. The use of soil moisture and Standardized Evaporative Stress Ratio (SESR) anomalies for increased lead time of the development flash drought and heat waves. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), avril 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1769783.

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Specht, Paul Elliott, et Marcia A. Cooper. Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat Measurements of Titanium Potassium Perchlorate Titanium Subhydride Potassium Perchlorate 9013 Glass 7052 Glass SB-14 Glass and C-4000 Muscovite Mica Using the Flash Technique. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170406.

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