Thèses : « FME »

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Garli, Matilda. « Jämförelse mellan generaliseringsverktyg i ArcGIS Pro och FME Desktop ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78854.

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Vid framställning av småskaliga kartor från storskaliga kartor behöver de kartografiska objekt som kartan utgörs av generaliseras för att den ska förbli läsbar. Historiskt har generaliseringen och urvalet vid skapandet av kartor utförts av kartografen när kartan ritats, men i dag kan generaliseringen göras automatiskt för att effektivisera generaliseringsprocessen. Automatisk generalisering är en avancerad process där flera algoritmer behöver användas för att generaliseringen ska efterlikna den en kartograf gör vid ritandet av en karta. Flera olika geografiska informationssystem och andra programvaror erbjuder möjligheten att automatiskt generalisera kartobjekt vid kartframställning, vilket är nödvändigt när stora datamängder ska generaliseras, men få jämförelser har gjorts mellan olika programvarors generaliseringsverktyg. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att jämföra och utvärdera verktyg för automatisk generalisering av kartobjekt i programvarorna ArcGIS Pro och FME Desktop. Det som undersöks och jämförs är hur verktygen i de båda programvarorna skiljer sig, om tidsåtgången vid användningen av verktygen är olika och hur resultatet efter generalisering av byggnader och vägar ser ut i de båda programvarorna. Resultatet från jämförelsen kan användas av kommuner eller olika länders nationella lantmäterier och kartverk vid valet av programvara för generalisering, eller vid generalisering av webbkartor. Tre typer av generaliseringsmetoder som kan användas på kartobjekt och som undersöktes vid jämförelsen av de två programvarorna i denna studie är förenkling, utjämning och sammanslagning. Vid digital och automatisk förenkling av linjer används förenklingsalgoritmer, vilka tar bort brytpunkter från linjens geometri för att förenkla den. Vid utjämning används utjämningsalgoritmer, vilka flyttar på brytpunkter i linjens geometri för att göra den mjukare. När sammanslagning av polygoner görs vid digital och automatisk generalisering grupperas först flera mindre polygoner ihop baserat på avståndet mellan dem, för att sedan ersättas av en enda större polygon. De data som i jämförelsen generaliserades i de båda programvarorna var vektordata från GSD-Fastighetskartan och från Karlstads kommuns baskarta. Resultatet från generaliseringen sammanställdes genom att antal brytpunkter, väglinjer och byggnadspolygoner samt byggnadsarea före och efter generalisering beräknades. Tidtagning gjordes på processerna i de båda programvarorna och programvarornas olika verktyg och respektive verktygs parametrar sammanställdes och jämfördes. Resultatet från jämförelsen visar att FME Desktop saknar möjligheter att tunna ut vägnätverk. Förenkling av väglinjer tar längre tid att genomföra i ArcGIS Pro och skillnaderna mellan det kvantitativa resultatet i båda programvarorna är liten, medan det finns några betydande skillnader i det grafiska resultatet, där topologin förändras efter förenkling i FME Desktop. De grafiska skillnaderna mellan utjämning av vägarna i de båda programvarorna anses vara obetydliga, men eftersom de utjämnade väglinjerna i ArcGIS Pro följer originallinjen närmre kan det medföra färre spatiala konflikter med kartobjekt i andra kartlager. Förenkling av byggnader anses inte lämpligt att göra med de verktyg som finns tillgängliga i FME Desktop. Det finns både för- och nackdelar med att göra sammanslagning av byggnader i FME Desktop istället för i ArcGIS Pro.

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Stensli, Morten. « Bedrifters utbytte av deltagelse i FME (Forskingssenter for Miljøvennlig Energi) ». Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20966.

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Denne masteroppgaven er en studie av verdiskapningen som skjer for partnerbedrifter i forskingssentre for miljøvennlig energi (FME). Problemstillingen jeg har valgt for denne oppgaven er: Er deltagelse i FME verdiskapende for partnerbedrifter? For å finne svar på denne problemstillingen har jeg valgt å gjøre kvalitative intervjuer med personer tilknyttet ett FME. Som FME ble Bioenergy Innovation Centre (CenBio) valgt for dette studiet. Dette på grunn av at CenBio fyller hele verdikjeden for industrien, arbeider tett opp mot et eksiterende market. De har klare definisjoner på innovasjon, norske mål om å øke produksjonen av bioenergi til 28TWh i 2020 fra 14 TWh i 2008. Ett siste argument er mine veilederes kjennskap til CenBio. Studiets hovedfunn er knyttet til rammeverket for absorberende kapasitet (absorpative capacity) og hvordan FME bidrar til å øke partnerbedriftenes verdiskapning gjennom absorberende kapasitet. For å finne ut av dette har jeg valgt å generere ett hjelpespørsmål: Bidrar FME'en CenBio til å øke partnerbedriftenes absorberende kapasitet, eventuelt hvordan? Jeg viser i min teorigjennomgang klare sammenhenger mellom verdiskapning, forsking og utvikling, samt mulige konkurransefordeler. Absorberende kapasitet omfatter mye av dette og jeg viser ved å øke en bedrifts absorberende kapasiteten øker man også verdiskapningen. Absorberende kapasitet deles opp i fire deler; (1) anskaffelse, (2) assimilering, (3) transformasjon og (4) utnyttelse av kunnskap. Jeg viser i denne masteroppgaven hvordan FME bidrar på forskjellige punkter for å øke disse fire elementene av absorberende kapasitet. Zahra og George (2002) presenterer 6 påstander angående absorberende kapasitet, som jeg i denne oppgaven ønsker å støtte/motbevise gjennom mine kvalitative intervjuer. Jeg velger å omskrive disse for å tilpasse påstandene CenBio. Her finner jeg ved bruk av både teori og empiri støtte for påstandene (a, b, c og d) siden CenBio direkte kan påvirke disse påstandene. De to siste påstandene (e og f) problematiseres siden CenBio ikke direkte kan påvirke den absorberende kapasiteten gjennom disse påstandene. Til slutt konkluderer jeg med at CenBio øker partnerbedriftenes absorberende kapasitet. Ved å bruke de omskrevene påstandene kommer jeg med praktiske tiltak for CenBio for å øke partnerbedriftenes absorberende kapasitet, og dermed mulig verdiskapning. Ved hjelp av disse påstandene besvarer jeg også masteroppgavens problemstillingen og viser at FME er verdiskapende for partnerbedriftene.

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Lindqvist, Linus, et Jesper Pantesjö. « Hantering och modellering av laserskanningsdata i FME : Automatisering av modellering av tunnlar ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-72671.

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Bygg- och anläggningsbranschens implementering av BIM har resulterat i ett ökat behov att digitaliserat relationsunderlag. Äldre relationshandlingar, som mestadels utgörs av pappersritningar, saknar digitala motsvarigheter vilket gör att insamlingar av ny information, från pappersritningar, kan bli aktuell. Terrester laserskanning (TLS) är en teknik som tillämpas för insamling av data i punktmolnsform och är en allt mer förekommande insamlingsmetod vid införskaffning av relationsunderlag. Modellering från tredimensionella punktmolnsdata är ofta komplicerad och på så vis införstått med manuellt arbete för att producera ett godtyckligt resultat. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka möjligheten att skapa en CAD-modell av en tunnels ytskikt från ett punktmoln med hjälp av programvaran FME. Studieområdet är ett mindre tunnelsegment och den insamlade datamängden utgörs av tidigare framarbetat punktmoln. Punktmolnet är obearbetat och innehåller brus i form av avvikande punkter samt installations- och konstruktionsobjekt. Tidigare producerat relationsunderlag, i form av CAD-modell, tilldelades också för att möjliggöra en jämförelse mot de modeller som skapats i arbetet. FME tillhandahåller ett flertal verktyg för bearbetning av punktmoln och arbetet har omfattats av tester där de olika verktygen utvärderats. Det huvudsakliga fokuset har legat på verktyget PointCloudSurfaceBuilder, vars funktion är att rekonstruera punktmoln till en mesh. En metod för filtrering av punktmolnet utformades och utreddes också under arbetet. Flertalet försök utfördes för att testa vad som fungerade bäst och ett antal modeller av varierande kvalitet kunde skapas. Metoden Poisson i verktyget PointCloudSurfaceBuilder visade bäst resultat då den skapar en “vattentät” modell som följer punktmolnets rumsliga förhållande bättre än det tilldelade relationsunderlaget. För metoden Poisson var Maximum Depth den parameter som hade störst inverkan på resultatets kvalitet. För varje höjning med 1 i parametern Maximum Depth så ökade upplösningen kvadratiskt i varje dimension för x, y och z. De totala värdena för tidsåtgång, filstorlek och antal trianglar ökade även potentiellt med upplösningen. Värden över 9 blir svåra, om inte omöjliga, att hantera i CAD-miljöer på grund av för detaljerade data i förhållande studieområdets storlek. Därav rekommenderas 7 och 8 som parametervärden vid modellering i miljöer likartade med tunnelsegmentet.
The building and construction industries implementation of BIM has resulted in an increased need to digitalise as-built basis. Older as-built documents, which is mostly made of paper plans, are missing their digital counterparts, which makes it that collection of new information, from the paper plans, can be vital. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is a technique that is applied for collection of data in the form of data point clouds and is a more frequent collection method for obtaining supplies of as-built. Modelling from three-dimensional point cloud data is usually a complicated matter and therefore connected with manual labour to produce an arbitrary result. The purpose with the bachelor thesis was to research the possibility to create a CAD-model of the layer of a tunnel from a point cloud with the use of a software called FME. The study area is a smaller tunnel segment and the collected data set is based from an earlier created point cloud. The point cloud is unprocessed and contains noise from deviant points and object of installations and construction. The earlier produced as-built, in form of a CAD-model, was applied as well to enable a comparison parallel to the newly created models in this thesis. FME contains several tools for handling point clouds and the work have included several tests where the different tools have been evaluated. The primary focus of the work has been to evaluate the possibilities of the tool PointCloudSurfaceBuilder, which function is to reconstruct point clouds to a mesh. A method was also created and examined to clean the point cloud from noise. Several tests were executed to see what kind of method works the best and models of different qualities were rendered. The construction method Poisson in the transformer PointCloudSurfaceBuilder produced the best results whereas it creates a “water tight” model that follows the point clouds spatial conditions in a better way than the as-built model. In the method of Poisson there is a parameter called Maximum Depth which showed the greatest impact for the quality of the result. For every increase of 1 in the parameter Maximum Depth was the resolution increased by a factor of two in every direction of x, y and z. The total values for amount of time, file size and number of triangles increased as well in a way parallel to the potential increase of the resolution. It is hard, if not impossible, to handle the models in CAD-environments above the value 9. That is because of too high detail in the data in relation to the size of the study area. Therefore, are the recommended values of the parameter 7 and 8 in case of modelling of similar environments in tunnel complexes.

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Biase, Adriele Giaretta. « Parametrização de Sistemas de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias no crescimento de bovinos de corte e produção de gases ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-19042016-104539/.

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Parametrizações de modelos e estruturas de correlações dos parâmetros no âmbito agropecuário são importantes por caracterizarem o comportamento de um sistema em resposta a variações de múltiplos cenários (clima, genótipos, dietas nutricionais, dentre outros fatores) que existem em escalas globais. O objetivo foi contribuir com inferências estatísticas na produção de gases CO2 [um potente Gás de Efeito Estufa (GEE)] nas fermentações in vitro de feno de alfafa, comparando métodos frequentistas com novas metodologias surgidas na literatura científica como a combinação dos métodos de Rejeição por Atraso e o Metropólis Adaptativo (RAMA), até então não testados para predições de gases de fermentação in vitro. Além disso, modelos de séries temporais foram usados para previsão da produção de CO2 nas fermentações de gases in vitro de feno de alfafa. Dentro do contexto de crescimento de gado de corte, foi realizada pela primeira vez uma abordagem para predições individuais dos animais para taxa de ganho de peso e a necessidade de energia para mantença baseada na dinâmica de crescimento e composição química corporal do Modelo de Crescimento de Davis (MCD), com comparação de análise de covariância multivariada entre diferentes cenários (gêneros, sistemas e genótipo cruzados), em um experimento a campo no Brasil. Adicionalmente calibrações dos parâmetros baseadas na amostra de cada cenário, pelos ajustes do MCD e usando análise frequentista, bootstrap não-paramétrico e simulações Monte Carlo foram realizadas com os dados nacionais (raça cruzada) e comparada com as estimativas originais do modelo obtido com raças Britânicas (Bos taurus). Os principais critérios adotados para avaliar os ajustes dos modelos foram o Erro Quadrático Médio de Predição (EQMP), o Critério de Informação Akaike (AIC) e o Critério de Informação Bayesiano (BIC). Os resultados não só contribuirão para o avanço da literatura existente, mas também auxiliarão a indústria de carne bovina e produtores rurais a encontrar especificações do mercado de carne, tanto a nível nacional e internacional. Concluiu-se que i) na produção de gases: o modelo ARIMA (1, 1, 2) ajustou a produção acumulativa de CO2, atingindo o valor máximo de 1,1066 (mL) no tempo de 47,5 h e a equação é indicada para estimar a produção de gases; ii) no crescimento de gados de corte usando as estimativas individuais do MCD, os vetores de efeitos de energia de mantença e o acréscimo de proteína possuem efeitos pronunciados quanto as interações entre sistemas e gêneros; iii) no crescimento de gados de corte usando as estimativas da amostra total com MCD, os genótipos cruzados tiveram maior gasto de energia de mantença e foram mais rápidos de maturação em comparação tanto com os animais de genótipos Britânicos (Bos taurus) e touros Nelores. A técnica de bootstrap não-paramétrica estimou com sucesso as distribuições dos parâmetros (que tiveram distribuição probabilidade normal para maioria dos cenários). Correlação negativa entre os parâmetros de acréscimo de DNA e energia de mantença foram encontrados para animais machos não castrados do sistema extensivo, indicando que foram mais eficientes no uso da energia. A generalização de tal relação ainda demanda estudos mais abrangentes e aprofundados.
Model parameter fitting and parameter correlation structures are important for characterize a system\'s behaviour in response to multiple scenarios variations (climate, genotypes, nutritional diet and other factors). The aim was to contribute to statistical inferences in the production of CO2 [a potent greenhouse gas (GHG)] in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay, comparing frequentist methods with new methodologies that emerged in the scientific literature, such as the combination of a delay Rejection and the Adaptive Metropolis methods (RAMA), not yet tested for in vitro fermentation gases predictions. In addition, time series models were used to predict CO2 production in the in vitro fermentation of alfalfa hay. For the first time, individual predictions of animal weight gain rate and energy of maintenance based on the growth dynamics and body composition Davis Growth Model (DGM) was carried out besides multivariate covariance analysis of different scenarios (genres, systems and crossed genotype). Additionally, parameter estimation based on sample of each scenario, using frequentist analysis, nonparametric bootstrap and Monte Carlo simulations were performed with national data (cross breed) and compared to the original estimates of the model obtained with British breeds (Bos taurus). The main criteria used to evaluate the model accuracy were the Mean Square Error of Prediction (MSEP), the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The results not only contribute to the scientific progress in modeling animal growth and composition, but also assist the beef industry and farmers to adjust the production process to the meat market specifications, both nationally and internationally. For in vitro gas production, we concluded that the ARIMA (1, 1, 2) model presented the highest accuracy in predicting cumulative CO2 production and the respective equation is recommended for estimating CO2 production. In the growth beef cattle using the individual estimates DGM, average vectors from maintenance of energy and protein accretion showed pronounced effects as the interactions between systems and genres. Also the total sample with DGM, cross-breed genotypes had higher maintenance energy expenditure and were faster-maturing compared with British genotypes animals(Bos taurus) and Nellore bulls estimates. Bootstrap nonparametric with downhill simplex optimization method successfully estimated the distributions of the parameters (that had normal probability distribution for most scenarios). Uncastrated male animals of the extensive system showed negative correlation between the protein deposition rate and requirement for energy maintenance, indicating that animals with faster lean tissue deposition were also more efficient in energy usage. We warn that the generalization of this finding demands studies with larger populations.

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Linder, Heinrich. « Erzeugung und Einsatz von Biodiesel aus tierischen Fetten (FME) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der ökologischen Wirkungen ». Hamburg Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2805-5.htm.

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Macay, Moreira José Miguel. « Using photogrammetric Digital Surface Model in LiDAR software for creating Three Dimensional Buildings ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14724.

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The way of representing Earth has changed; two dimensional (2D) maps have turned into three Dimensional (3D) representations. There are many studies in order to create 3D city maps as well as areas where these are applied such as 3D cadastral, 3D visualization and flood simulation, etc. These can be created with the aid of different data sources using photogrammetric Digital Surface Model (DSM) derived from image matching and from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) point clouds or both of them combining orthophotos and building footprints. Several software has been developed to ease and speed up this process. In this study, a current state-of-the art in the 3D city modeling with particular interest to commercial software was analyzed. DSMs from image matching (Satellite and Airborne) were used in order to create a 3D city model of Trento, Italy. The objectivewas to examine the degree of automation and the computation time of two available software: Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) and Building Reconstruction (BREC). Other problem such as the quality of the DSM needed would be discussed for each software and the results would be compared to those achieved using LiDAR data. Recommendations and possible problems would also be addressed. In order to create a 3D city model, the ALDPAT software (Airborne LiDAR Data Processing and Analysis Tool) has been used to separate the ground regions (Digital Terrain Model, DTM) from the man-made objects and trees (Normal Digital Surface Model, nDSM). FME and BREC software have been used to reconstruct the 3D city model. The output results from FME and BREC have been analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The comparison between the models generated from photogrammetric and LiDAR DSMs have been performed. The results show that buildings generated by satellite images have poorest quality compared with buildings from LiDAR and airborne data. In particular, the performed tests will be shown that among the Level of Details (LoD), a LoD1 and LoD2 3D city models can be generated using a DSM by image matching. A deeper study should be done in order to analyze the level of detail qualitatively.

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Forsner, Tim. « Utvärdering av metoder för att extrahera byggnader från laserdata : En jämförelse och kvalitetskontroll av byggnadsytor i FME och ArcGIS Pro ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68452.

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In recent times the demand of high resolution 3D data has seen a rise, and the applications of airborne LiDAR data are increasing. Automatic extraction of building roofs is important in many of these applications such as city modelling. In 2018, Lantmäteriet (the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority) is planning a new flight to collect airborne LiDAR data. This data may become useful in extracting roof planes. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate automatic methods for extracting buildings from airborne LiDAR data, and to perform a quality assessment of the footprints.This thesis proposes specific methods of extraction in using software called ArcGIS Pro and FME. The method was to process raw LiDAR points by separating the ground points, and finding building points through plane detection of points in clusters. Vegetation was removed using height difference of the points and the area. Polygons were created from the building points and a quality assessment was then carried out concerning completeness, accuracy and RMSE. The result on four different data sets shows a more appropriate extraction in FME. Lower point density sometimes leads to better extraction of buildings because of less vegetation. Higher point density has the advantage of higher accuracy and can extract smaller buildings, but includes more vegetation. The proposed method is recommended for larger buildings (>25 m2) and a LiDAR point density around 12 points/m2.

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Wallander, Cornelia. « Rigid barrier or not ? : Machine Learning for classifying Traffic Control Plans using geographical data ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352826.

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In this thesis, four different Machine Learning models and algorithms have been evaluated in the work of classifying Traffic Control Plans in the City of Helsingborg. Before a roadwork can start, a Traffic Control Plan must be created and submitted to the Traffic unit in the city. The plan consists of information regarding the roadwork and how the work can be performed in a safe manner, concerning both road workers and car drivers, pedestrians and cyclists that pass by. In order to know what safety barriers are needed both the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (SALAR) and the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) have made a classification of roads to guide contractors and traffic technicians what safety barriers are suitable to provide a safe workplace. The road classifications are built upon two rules; the amount of traffic and the speed limit of the road. Thus real-world problems have shown that these classifications are not applicable to every single case. Therefore, each roadwork must be judged and evaluated from its specific attributes. By creating and training a Machine Learning model that is able to determine if a rigid safety barrier is needed or not a classification can be made based on historical data. In this thesis, the performance of several Machine Learning models and datasets are presented when Traffic Control Plans are classified. The algorithms used for the classification task were Random Forest, AdaBoost, K-Nearest Neighbour and Artificial Neural Network. In order to know what attributes to include in the dataset, participant observations in combination with interviews were held with a traffic technician at the City of Helsingborg. The datasets used for training the algorithms were primarily based on geographical data but information regarding the roadwork and period of time were also included in the dataset. The results of this study indicated that it was preferred to include road attribute information in the dataset. It was also discovered that the classification accuracy was higher if the attribute values of the geographical data were continuous instead of categorical. In the results it was revealed that the AdaBoost algorithm had the highest performance, even though the difference in performance was not that big compared to the other algorithms.

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Börjesson, Alexandra. « Automatic Generation of Levels of Detail : A Study on the Swedish National Road Database ». Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254835.

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When creating a map, the amount of data and which geographical information chosen to bepresented are decided based on the purpose of the map. Trafikverket is responsible for theNational Road Database that is a reference road network with a large amount of dataconnected to it. The database is built at a carriageway level where several links can be usedto represent a single road. In this thesis the database has been studied as well as thepossibilities to create an automatic workflow that creates a generalisation to road level. Someapplications and analyses that use this database are requesting input data of a higher level ofdetail. It is also found important from a cartographic point of view. Possibilities to create alinear referencing for the data between the different levels was studied as well, to make theupdates between the levels easier and not having the need to maintain two differentdatabases. It would make it possible to inherit attributes and the generic features connectedto the network.The first fully automated workflow for a generalisation of an entire map was developed in theNetherlands in 2014. Several other agencies in Sweden and Norway are currently working ongeneralisations as well and using different approaches. Statens Vegvesen, which is theNational Road Agency in Norway, has already implemented the different levels of detail intheir road database. Lantmäteriet currently has a project where their goal is to create a fullyautomated map to easily change to a larger scale.After studying the programs used in other generalisations and which programs Trafikverketnormally use, FME and ArcGIS were chosen to be used in this thesis. A small study area waschosen, and the proper data was collected from the National Road Database. The study wasconducted by a set of experiments and trying different parameter values in order to obtain asatisfactory result.Three different areas where studied, where the goal was to find a sequence of functions thatsuccessfully generalised all the areas. The areas were parallel roads, complex intersectionsand roundabouts. The result consists of a suggested workflow, but alterations hade to bemade manually since it was not possible to find a fully automated generalisation for the areachosen. Therefore, a set of functions and tools that could be developed were collected as wellin the end to make a more automated workflow possible.The result found in this thesis show that if the cartographic generalisations are more studiedand examined it should be possible to get a more automated workflow to create ageneralisation between the different level of detail. However, it might be difficult to get theworkflow fully automated due to the complexity of the intersections.
När en karta skapas baseras mängden data och vilken geografisk information som skaförmedlas beroende på syftet med kartan. Trafikverket ansvarar för den NationellaVägdatabasen som är ett referensvägnät med en stor mäng data kopplad till vägnätet.Referensvägnätet är byggt på en körbanenivå. I det här arbetet har databasen studerats ochvilka möjligheter som finns för att skapa en automatisk generalisering till vägnivå. Det finnsett behov att representera data på en annan detaljnivå för vissa applikationer och analysersom använder sig av vägdatabasen. Det är även viktigt utifrån ett kartografiskt synsätt.Möjligheterna att skapa en linjär referering mellan de olika detaljnivåerna har undersökts, föratt förenkla uppdateringar mellan nivåerna samt att inte behöva ajourhålla två olikadatabaser. Det skulle även göra det möjligt att attribut och företeelser kan ärvas mellan deolika nivåerna.Det fösta helt automatiserade arbetsflödet för en generalisering av en karta utformades 2014i Nederländerna. Flera andra myndigheter i Sverige och Norge arbetar just nu med den härtypen av generaliseringar och har använt sig av olika tillvägagångssätt. Statens Vegvesen,vilket är den statliga myndighet som ansvarar för vägar i Norge, har redan implementerat olikadetaljnivåer i deras vägdatabas. Lantmäteriet har ett projekt med målet att skapa en fulltautomatisk generalisering för olika skalor.Efter att ha studerat de olika program som vanligtvis används vid generaliseringar samt vilkaprogram som Trafikverket använder sig av så valdes FME och ArcGIS i det här arbetet. Ettmindre studieområde valdes ut och relevant data hämtades från den NationellaVägdatabasen. Studien bestod av olika experiment och tester av olika parametervärden föratt få ett acceptabelt resultat.Tre olika områden studerades, där målet var att hitta en följd operationer som skapade enlämplig generalisering för alla områden. De tre olika områdena var parallella vägar,trafikplatser och cirkulationsplatser. Resultatet består av förslag på ett arbetsflöde, men delarhar behövt göras manuellt då det inte var möjligt att hitta en helt automatiseradgeneralisering för det valda området. Förslag på olika funktioner och verktyg som kanutvecklas har sammanställts, för att kunna utvecklade ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt.Resultatet av det här arbetet visar att om kartografiska generaliseringar studeras och testasmer skulle det kunna vara möjligt att skapa ett mer automatiserat arbetssätt med syfte attmöjliggöra generaliseringar mellan olika detaljnivåer. Det kan däremot vara svårt att få dettahelt automatiserat på grund av de olika komplexa trafikplatserna.

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Jaber, Noaaemi Fadi. « Jämförelse av olika kvalitetsmått vid kartering av hustak med hjälp av LiDAR-data : Metod för utvärdering av kartering med ArcGIS Pro, QGIS och FME ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78364.

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Teknisk utveckling och ökad användning av GIS har ökat behovet av data som snabbt kan insamlas över stora geografiska områden. Behovet är internationellt samtidigt som det också kräver samarbete mellan alla berörda parter då systemet har förmågan att presentera geografisk information med ett brett användningsområde. Höjdförhållanden i terräng erhålls genom flygburen laserskanning och presenteras i 3D med olika klassningar för att bemöta variation i signalens reflektion. Behovet av sådan information har använts för produkter baserat på data erhållen från laserskanning. I examensarbetet användes laserdata från två skanningsomgångar beställda av Lantmäteriet. Den första laserskanningen (2011) utfördes i syfte att skapa en noggrann nationell höjdmodell innehållande klassificering av de laserpunkter som representerar mark och vatten. Den senare (2019) i syfte att uppnå en punkttäthet >1 punkt/m2 utan kriterier för vad som skall klassificeras. Syftet med examensarbetet är att testa och utvärdera olika metoder i ArcGIS Pro, QGIS samt FME för att kvalitetssäkra kartering av hustak. Målet är att visa om extraheringen kan utföras med en tillräcklig kvalitet för att metoden ska rekommenderas. Tidigare studier har fokuserat på att skapa tre olika typer höjdmodeller DEM/DTM, DSM och nDSM, samt hur man kan skapa en markyta med objekten över marken. Examensarbetet fokuserade på att klassificera oklassificerade punkter som byggnader finns inom. Detta utfördes med olika metoder i de program som användes med samma parametrar. Klassificering, extrahering och skapande av polygoner var de tre steg som användes för att extrahera hustak. Extrahering av hustak gav ett bättre resultat med ArcGIS Pro med 97 % från båda skanningsomgångarna. Detta värde berodde på cellstorlek som användes och hur buffertzoner omkring varje punkt påverkas på polygoner som i sin tur påverkades av hustakens areal. En enkät utfördes för att svara på en fråga och resultatet gav att ArcGIS Pro är bäst med 93,5 %. De problem som uppstod berodde främst på att vegetation inte kunde tas bort. Extrahering av byggnader från laserdata rekommenderas för ett punktmoln med den senare laserskanningen som har mer än 1 punkt/m². Vidare rekommenderas att använda ArcGIS Pro för att extrahera hustak från laserpunktmoln. ESRI’s ArcGIS Pro är ett komplett program som har alla verktyg som behövs.
The development of technology within GIS has increased the need for the data that being quickly added while covering large geographical areas. Such need is at the international level, while requiring a willingness to cooperate for all parties involved, as the system can present geographical information with a wide range of applications. The need for such information has been used for products based on data obtained from laser scanning. In this thesis, laser data from two scanning sessions ordered by the Swedish Land Survey were used. The first laser scan (2011) was carried out with the aim of creating an accurate national elevation model (RH 2000) containing a classification of the laser points representing soil and water. The latter (2019) was done to achieve a spot density >1 point/m2 without criteria for classification. The purpose of the current thesis is to test and evaluate the available methods in ArcGIS Pro, QGIS and FME to ensure quality mapping of roofs. The aim was to investigate whether the extraction of roofs? can be carried out with an adequate quality so that the method can be recommended for the future works. Previous studies have focused on creating three types of elevation models DEM / DTM, DSM and nDSM. So, one can create an earth surface with the objects above the ground. In this thesis, the focus was on classifying point clouds for unassigned points (unassigned == 1) in which the buildings are located. This was done by testing different methods on different programs while keeping the parameters same. Classification, extraction and creation of polygons are the three steps used to extract roofs. Extraction of rooftops showed better results using ArcGIS Pro with 97 % from both scanning sessions. This was due to the cell size used in the study and that the buffer zones around each point were affected by polygons, which in turn were affected by the rooftop area. A survey was conducted to answer a question and the result showed that ArcGIS Pro is the best with 93,5 %. Problems that arose the study were mainly caused by the vegetation cover that could not be removed. As a conclusion, extraction of buildings from LiDAR-data is recommended for a point cloud with the latter laser scan with more than 1 point/m². Furthermore, it is recommended to use ArcGIS Pro to extract rooftops from laser scanning which is a comprehensive program i.e. that all the tools used in this thesis were freely downloaded from ESRI's ArcGIS Pro.

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Archer, Ricardo. « Kvalitetsprocess för baskartans byggnadsgeometrier : Metod för utvärdering av logisk konsistens i Topocad ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74502.

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Baskartan innehåller högdetaljerad geografisk information som ligger till grund för olika verksamhets-delar i en kommun. Ajourhållning av baskartan innebär en noggrann och krävande process för att säkerställa dess innehåll. Kvalitetskraven på innehållet varierar utifrån syfte och ändamål samt styrs av olika standarder och riktlinjer. Ett avtal som kommunerna tillsammans med Lantmäteriet kan ingå är, Ajourhållningen av adress- och byggnadsinformation samt information om övrig topografi (ABT-avtal). Avtalet innehåller dataspecifikationer som beskriver bl.a. riktlinjer kring insamling av specifika geodata, dataformat och datakvalitet. I avtalet ingår att leverans av kvalitetssäkrade byggnadsgeometrier ska ske. Avtalets syfte är att kommunerna tillsammans med Lantmäteriet uppnår en hållbar och kvalitativ process kring geografiska data. Syftet med studien var att utveckla, testa och utvärdera en metod i Topocad för att kvalitetssäkra byggnadsgeometrier med avseende på logisk konsistens, enligt ramen för ABT-avtal. Detta för att skapa ett underlag som kan användas för arbetsrutiner vid handhavande av byggnadsgeometrier. Studieområde är Hagfors, en mindre tätort i norra Värmland. I studien presenteras en specifik metod för kvalitetsprocessen i programvaran Topocad med stöd av den kvalitetskontroll som utförs av Lantmäteriets i programvaran FME. Kvalitetsprocessen omfattar kontroll av logisk konsistens och skapande av byggnadsytor. Målet med arbetet är att testa och utvärdera Topocads kapacitet att klassificera och korrigera topologiska fel i polylinjer samt skapande av polygoner. Därför i arbetet har klassificering och korrigering testats och utvärderats för ett urval av felaktiga byggnadsgeometrier genom inbyggda funktioner i Topocad. Därtill har även skapande av polygoner utförts genom en automatiserad funktion utifrån de korrigerade byggnadsgeometrierna. I resultatet framgår att klassificeringen av topologiska fel i Topocad är till viss del icke tillförlitlig. Detta eftersom en specifik typ av polylinjer med lösa noder inte kan klassificeras. Därtill framgår även att det är möjligt att korrigera och kvalitetssäkra de övriga polylinjerna med lösa noder som Topocad klarar att klassificera med hjälp av lämpliga toleransparametrar. Dessutom visar resultatet att det är genomförbart att skapa polygoner av de klassificerade och korrigerade polylinjerna. Samtidigt är polygonernas tillförligtighet och kvalitet helt beroende av de tillämpade toleransparametrarna samt de uppställda kvalitetskraven. Slutsatsen är att det inte är möjligt att utveckla en metod för hela kvalitetsprocessen som kvalitetssäkrar byggnadsgeometrier i Topocad enligt ABT-avtalet. Detta eftersom vissa delar av kvalitetsprocessen är otillförlitliga eller ej genomförbara.
The basemap contains highly detailed geographical information that is the foundation for several functions in the municipalities in Sweden. The upkeep of the basemap involves a specific and ever-evolving process to ensure the quality of its content. The quality requirements for the basemap content vary according to the purpose and are moderated by different standards and guidelines. The Maintenance of Address and Building Information and Information of Other Topography, ABT-agreement (ABT-avtal). This voluntary agreement presents guidelines and encloses data specifications on the gathering of specific geodata, data formats, and the logical consistency of the delivery. One specific part of the agreement includes the delivery of quality-assured building geometries. The agreement offers municipalities and The Department of Land Surveying (Lantmäteriet) in Sweden to enter collectively to construct a sustainable and qualitative process around the geographical information. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to develop and evaluate a quality process for the quality assurance of the building geometries regarding their logical consistency, according to the ABT agreement. This quality process can lead to creating a foundation for correctly handling the building geometries. Therefore, The Department of Land Surveying has contributed with its own quality control process to help the municipalities achieve a higher data quality. The quality control process was created in Feature Manipulation Engine (FME) program. The study area was a small urban area in the town Hagfors, situated in the north eastern part of the county of Värmland, Sweden. The study presents a specific method for the quality process in the software Topocad with the support of The Department of Land Surveying own quality control process. The method content is divided into two different parts that manage with the logical consistency in the polylines and the creation of polygons from the building geometries. The method was to test and evaluate Topocads capacity to classify and correct topological errors in the polylines, but also the creation of polygons. Classification and correction were performed for a selection of incorrect building geometries through program-built functions. In addition, the creation of polygons was also performed for the corrected building geometries through an automated function in Topocad. The result shows that the classification of topological errors in Topocad is, to a certain degree, unreliable. This because Topocad cannot classify a specific type of polylines with loose nodes. Furthermore, it also appears that it is possible to correct the other polylines with loose nodes that Topocad can manage to classify and thereby assure their quality. Moreover, the result shows that it is achievable to create polygons of the classified and corrected polylines in Topocad. At the same time, the reliability of the polygons is entirely dependent on the cluster tolerance applied in the method and the quality requirements established for the results. The study concludes that it is not possible to develop a method for the whole quality process that assure the quality of the building geometries in Topocad, according to the ABT-agreement. This because some parts of the quality process are unreliable or unachievable.

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Moritz, Robin, et Zaid Jirges. « Entering the Japanese Market : Similarities and Differences between two Swedish firms ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355565.

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In this thesis we investigated the differences and similarities between a big and a small Swedish firms’ market entry process into Japan. This was done by studying the two chosen companies, IKEA and Haglöfs respectively. We conducted our research using a case study collecting data from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was collected by using a semi-structured interview approach while the secondary data has been collected through searching for relevant sources. We concluded that the main similarities between IKEA and Haglöfs were the firms’ extensive use of network relationships in the Japanese market, were both utilized employees with Japanese market knowledge. The main differences, on the other hand, were mainly the enthusiasm shown from actors, such as governors, consumers and municipalities, that actively encouraged IKEA’s market entry. The scope of the entries was also different, with the size of the IKEA product catalogue and the construction of stores requiring more governmental approvals and lengthy processes. IKEA’s extensive international experience gained from earlier market entries were also something which set the two entries apart.

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Löfquist, Johanna. « Höjdmodellering med laserdata : Studie av Kärsön, Ekerö med fokus på upplösning, datalagring samt programvara ». Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90307.

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The New National Elevation Model (NNH) is a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of Sweden from airborne laser scanning. It creates many new opportunities, particularly in the area of flood mapping. NNH is provided by Lantmäteriet in two formats, both in raw LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data and in grid format with two meter resolution. These alternatives have advantages and disadvantages and the aim of this thesis research is to identify these. One of the focuses of the study is data storage and thus data structure analysis, resolution and storage facilities. The research questions are: Why and in what context the different NNH-products from the National Land Survey are used (DEM 2+ or point cloud)? What constraints and opportunities are created by the different options, mainly in terms of different software, resolution, and data storage? The study area is Kärsön in Ekerö municipality located in Stockholms län and has an approximate area of 25 square kilometers. The study is divided into two parts. The first objective is to identify the consequences of using different software to create DEM from pointcloud compared to the DEM2+ model. Height models with a two meter resolution are created in FME and ArcGIS. The models are then compared with the grid from Lantmäteriet, created in TerraScan. The second objective is to examine the impact of the change in resolution, both the storage aspect and both the accuracy aspect. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) is an interpolation method which in previous studies proved to have the best results on high resolution LIDAR data. This model was tested and compared with a model from FMEs built-in function and the model from Lantmäteriet wich are based on triangulation (also proved a good method in previous studies). The grid created in TerraScan has good properties such as accuracy. The results show that the built-in ArcGIS model is not sufficient for the purposes of the model. Flood mapping requires continuous surfaces and the model lacks large areas of data. However, there are other aspects such as the break lines, these cannot be added to the TerraScan model or in the IDW but in the FME-modeler it is possible. In addition, it is not possible to edit the model that is delivered from Lantmäteriet. If there are outliers in the data, they will have much impact on the result. With a model created from the point cloud it is easy to remove these outliers. Increased resolution gives a quadratic increase in storage space so it is considered important not to use a resolution that is not really necessary. If the purpose of the analysis requires higher resolution than two meters it is possible to achieve higher accuracy for areas with high point density. The raw data format also provides opportunities to create additional models with other uses, building models or forest inventory application can for example be extracted from the data. If the purpose is that the finished grid model is adequate, there is no direct reason to spend time creating a new model. But for a user with knowledge of laser data structure and processing, creating elevation models from raw LIDAR data could give advantages.

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Kříž, Ondřej. « Mezní ohřev kulového kloubu při akcelerovaném testu ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229303.

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The object of this work is design model of ball joint and define boundary conditions for real condition representation as most exact as possible. Then set parameters of test in TRW-DAS, a.s. for prevention of reacceleration with change of failure mode. Summary of ball joints, their testing and accelerated tests is in the beginning of the work. Next part describes ball joint creation in Pro/Engineer, transfer to Ansys, preparing to solution, fatigue test evaluation and comparing with create model.

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Jonsson, Josefine. « Change And Version Management Of Transport Network Data Between Different Database Models : A Case Study On The Swedish National Road Database ». Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254520.

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The Swedish Road Administration wants to compile all the national road database data from The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority using a Geographical Information System compiler in order to increase the efficiency of data flow between their respective databases. The objective of this master’s thesis has been to build a software solution containing changed private road data input from The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority and processing it into the OpenTNF standard format. This would enable automatic processing and of private road data to the national road database at the Swedish Road Administration. The work is divided into four parts; 1. Researching standards for databases and version control. 2. Plan the methodology using different resources. 3. Development of a software solution. 4. Analysis. The chosen software is FME by Safe Software. A number of shortcomings such as lack of information on the practical input for the future ANDA system were discovered, therefor some assumptions and simplifications had to be made. Using the assumptions and examples, a functioning solution was created according to the OpenTNF and INSPIRE standards. The examples to fills that gap in knowledge and provide a greater understanding of the usage of the INSPIRE and OpenTNF standards for transport networks. An analysis and a discussion about the existing solution, bottlenecks, faults with the existing database and version management between the databases related to found research is presented. Workflows on different examples for the software solution can be seen in the results. The national road database suffers from low implementation rate and creates issues for making new applications and the ability to adapt to ever-changing nature of planning. Creating a software for automatic update on network data is crucial for the Swedish Road Administration for implementing technologies that are dependent on frequent updates, such as self-driving vehicles.

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Sadek, Mohamed. « Design and development of a testing device for a new invented Doctor Blade ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för maskin- och materialteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-30780.

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This thesis project is about designing and developing an already existing testing device for a new invented Doctor Blade. A doctor blade is a blade used for creping tissue paper of a rotating cylinder, Yankee Cylinder. The old testing device was incomplete in a way that a rotating cylinder was missing, hence the tested blade is not loaded properly. The old testing device already contained the doctor blade holding device and the pulling device (pulling the creping blade). These two devices are transferred to the new testing device without any redesign within them. The adding of a rotating cylinder/roller required some new redesign regarding the testing device. The main beam (beam carrying all elements) is replaced with a larger one in order to fit the roller and is elongated in order to run longer tests. The new beam has a larger cross section in order to minimize the risk of bending. The main beam is supplied with five small beams, welded onto it, three for attaching the holding device and two for attaching the roller. The dimensions of these small beams are chosen in order to put the roller on the right position according to the creping blade. An electric motor is added to the new testing device in order to drive the roller with a chain. This required two sprockets, one for the motor and one for the roller shaft. The sprockets are chosen with a pitch diameter ratio matching the gearing required. FMEA-analysis is done on the whole design where five failure modes were chosen to be included, bending of the main beam and motor beam, screw joints of the same beams and sprocket-chain mechanism. Some FEM-analysis was required in order to detect the bending of the beams and measuring the loading on the screw joints. The screw joint loading achieved from the FEM-analysis is used for the theoretical screw joint calculations. The FMEA-analysis implied that four of the analyzed failure modes have acceptably low risk factor and dos not require any further actions. However one received a high risk factor, the chain-sprocket mechanism, the risk of clamping fingers. This is solved by adding a protecting house/shell made of sheet metal. Measurements were done on the old and the new testing device regarding the required force for pulling the creping blade and the pressure distribution between the creping blade and the beam (and roller in the new testing device). The improvement of the pulling force values is rather due to the new designed doctor blade than due to the new testing device. The new testing device is however more appropriate than the old one hence the added roller and the tests shows that it is functional as well.
Projektet handlar om design och utveckling av en redan existerande testrigg för ett nyuppfunnet kräppningsblad. Ett kräppningsblad är det bladet som just kräpper av papper från en roterande cylinder, s.k. Yankee Cylinder. Den gamla testriggen var inte komplett och saknade en roterande cylinder, därav kräppningsbladet belastades inte ordentligt. Den gamla testriggen innehöll redan en hållaranordning för kräppningsbladet och en dragstation (som drar kräppningsbladet). Dessa två delar förflyttades till den nya testriggen utan några korrigeringar. Tillägget av en roterande cylinder/vals krävde ny design för den nya testriggen. Huvudbalken (balken som bar alla delar) ersattes av en större balk för att den nya valsen ska få plats. Nya balken är även längre i syfte att kunna köra längre tester. Tvärsnittsarean hos den nya balken är större i syfte att minimera risken för böjning. Fem små balkar är fastsvetsade i den nya huvudbalken, tre för fästning av hållaranordningen och två för fästning av valsen. Placeringen av dessa fem balkar valdes i syfte att placera valsen i rätt position enligt kräppningsbladet. En elektrisk motor tillfördes till den nya testriggen i syfte att driva valsen med en kedja. Detta krävde två nya kugghjul, en för motorn och en för valsaxeln. Delningsdiametern för de två kugghjulen valdes med en viss kvot som motsvarar den utväxlingen som krävs. FMEA-analys utfördes på hela testriggen dör fem olika haveriorsaker inkluderades, böjning av huvudbalken och motorbalken, skruvförbanden på dessa två balkar och till sist kugghjul-kedja mekanismen. FEM-analys krävdes för beräkningar av böjningen på balkarne och för belastningen på skruvförbanden. Belastningen på skruvförbanden uppnåd från FEM-analysen användes senare i de teoretiska beräkningarna av skruvförbanden. FMEA-analysen angav att fyra av de fem analyserade haveriorsakerna har accepterad låg riskfaktor och kräver inga åtgärder. Dock så visade det sig att en haveriorsak fick en för hög risk faktor, kugghjul-kedja mekanismen, risken att klämma fingrar.Detta problem löstes med hjälp av att designa ett skyddshus /skal av plåt. Mätningar gjordes på den gamla och den nya testriggen på dragkrafter och tryckfördelning mellan kräppningsblad och balk (vals i den nya testriggen). Förbättringen av värden på dragkrafterna beror mer av det nydesignade kräppningsbladet än av den nya testriggen. Hursomhelst är den nya testriggen lämpligare än den gamla med tanke på tillförseln av valsen och dessutom så visar testerna att den är funktionell.

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Hansen, Gabriela Birk. « Garantias no financiamento de projetos de exportação de infraestrutura pelo BNDES : uma análise das concessões no período de 1998 a 2016 ». Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6977.

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O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar a evolução do financiamento a projetos de exportação de bens e serviços de infraestrutura por empresas brasileiras, com financiamento do BNDES a partir de 1998 até 2016. Para tanto, a partir de uma análise descritiva, é quantificada a evolução da carteira de financiamento destes projetos, analisando os diferentes destinos das exportações, as garantias oferecidas – CCR/ALADI e FCE/FGE, além de relacionar as condições das concessões dos financiamentos dos projetos com as condições econômicas e políticas do cenário nacional e internacional. No período analisado, foram 154 operações de exportação de bens e serviços de infraestrutura, num total de 575 desembolsos para 13 países em 2 continentes. O montante financiado no período soma US$ 14,7 bilhões. Destes, em valores, 33% foram para o Continente Africano (Angola, Gana e Moçambique), 20% para Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala e Honduras. A maior fatia, 47%, foi financiada para os países da América do Sul signatários da ALADI. Observou-se que o CCR, exclusivo dos países da ALADI, foi usado inicialmente na concessão dos primeiros financiamentos de projetos, estando em desuso nos dias atuais, mesmo contando com as vantagens da transferibilidade, conversibilidade e aceitação irrevogável dos bancos centrais. As demais operações são todas garantidas pelo SCE/FGE. Observa-se um aumento gradativo no volume de recursos financiados pelo BNDES a partir de 2003. Com mudanças na política externa do governo federal brasileiro, entre 2007 e 2014 houve uma ênfase maior nas relações com países do Continente Africano, especialmente Angola, e países da América do Sul.
The present study aims to present the financing evolution to export projects of infrastructure goods and services by Brazilian companies, with BNDES financing from 1998 to 2016. For this purpose, from a descriptive analysis, the evolution of the financing portfolio of these projects is quantified, analyzing the different export destinations, the guarantees offered - CCR / ALADI and FCE / FGE, as well as to relate the conditions of the project financing concessions with the economic and political conditions of the national and international scenario. In the analyzed period, there were 154 export operations of infrastructure goods and services, in a total of 575 disbursements to 13 countries in 2 continents. The amount financed in the period amounts to US $ 14.7 billion dollars. Of these, 33% went to the African Continent (Angola, Ghana and Mozambique), 20% to Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala and Honduras. The largest share, 47%, was financed for the South American countries signatories to ALADI. It was observed that the CCR, exclusive of the ALADI countries, was initially used in the granting of the first projects financing, being in disuse these days, even with the advantages of transferability, convertibility and irrevocable acceptance of the central banks. All other operations are guaranteed by the SCE/FGE. There is a gradual increase in the volume of resources financed by the BNDES from 2003. With changes in the foreign policy of the Brazilian federal government, between 2007 and 2014 there was a greater emphasis on relations wit the African Continent countries, especially Angola and South America countries.

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18

Fabbri, Michele. « A framework for cyber-physical system simulation ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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In these last years, systems engineering has became one of the major research domains. The complexity of systems has increased constantly and nowadays Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are a category of particular interest: these, are systems composed by a cyber part (computer-based algorithms) that monitor and control some physical processes. Their development and simulation are both complex due to the importance of the interaction between the cyber and the physical entities: there are a lot of models written in different languages that need to exchange information among each other. Normally people use an orchestrator that takes care of the simulation of the models and the exchange of informations. This orchestrator is developed manually and this is a tedious and long work. Our proposition is to achieve to generate the orchestrator automatically through the use of Co-Modeling, i.e. by modeling the coordination. Before achieving this ultimate goal, it is important to understand the mechanisms and de facto standards that could be used in a co-modeling framework. So, I studied the use of a technology employed for co-simulation in the industry: FMI. In order to better understand the FMI standard, I realized an automatic export, in the FMI format, of the models realized in an existing software for discrete modeling: TimeSquare. I also developed a simple physical model in the existing open source openmodelica tool. Later, I started to understand how works an orchestrator, developing a simple one: this will be useful in future to generate an orchestrator automatically.

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Hammar, Mattias. « Parallelization of Aggregated FMUs using Static Scheduling ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-152272.

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This thesis implements and evaluates static scheduling for aggregated FMUs. An aggregate FMU is several coupled FMUs placed in a single FMU. The implementation creates task graphs from the internal dependencies and connections between the coupled FMUs. These task graphs are then scheduled using two different list scheduling heuristics, MCP and HLFET. The resulting schedules are then executed in parallel by using OpenMP in the runtime. The implementation is evaluated by looking at the utilization of the schedule, the execution time of the scheduling and the speedup of the simulation. These measurements are taken on three different test models. With model exchange FMUs only a really small speedup is observed. With co-simulation models the speedup varies a lot depending on the model, the highest achieved speedup was 2.8 running on four cores.

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Beijer, Anton, et Magnus Lindholm. « Beräkning av pumpkapacitet samt konstruktion av pumpfundament ». Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-8115.

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Ett undersöknings- och utvecklingsarbete för att lösa ett problem med att dränkbara pumpar i ett vattenavrinningssystem gick sönder med perioder på två år i genomsnitt, utfördes i samarbete med Cementa AB i Skövde. Orsak till pumpars haveri söktes och fanns vara bristande rutiner och kunskap om det underhåll pumparna krävde. För att lösa detta problem utvecklades riktlinjer för nyinköp av torruppställda pumpar för att möjliggöra kontinuerligt underhåll. Då möjligheter för placering av torruppställd pump saknades utvecklades ett pumpfundament för placering av torruppställd pump. Krav för utvecklingsarbetet togs fram i samarbete med Cementas underhållsavdelning och teoretisk dimensionering av dränkbara länspumpars dåvarande volymflödeskapacitet utfördes. Krav utvärderades och viktades med hjälp av parvis jämförelse. Dimensionering och kontroll av hållfasthet för utvecklat pumpfundamentet utfördes med hjälp av Finita Element Analyser i programvaran Pro/Engineer Creo 1.0 Mechanica. Kontroll av hållfasthet i infästning av pumpfundamentet samt svetsfogar utfördes analytiskt. Arbetet resulterade i en rekommendation till Cementa AB i Skövde att ta in offerter på nya torruppställda pumpar med hjälp av utvecklade riktlinjer och att tillverka det pumpfundament som tagits fram inom ramen för examensarbetet, för att placera nya pumpar på. Att noggrant följa de underhållsinstruktioner som pumpar har och att underlätta för personal att utföra detta underhåll ansågs kunna bidra till att pumpar skulle få en längre och mer ekonomisk livslängd.
A development project to solve problems with why submersible pumps in a run-off system broke down with periods of two years, on average, was performed in collaboration with Cementa AB in Skövde. Reason for the pumps breakdowns was searched and found to be inadequate procedures and missing knowledge of the maintenance required on the pumps. To solve this problem, guidelines for the purchase of new dry pit pumps were developed to allow for continuous maintenance. As the possibilities of placing a dry well pump did not exist at Cementa, a pump foundation was developed. Requirements for the development work were produced in cooperation with Cementas maintenance department and theoretical dimensioning of the submersible bilge pumps volume flow capacity was performed. Requirements were evaluated and weighted using Pairwise comparison. The design and control of the strength of the developed pump foundation was performed using finite element analysis in the software Pro/Engineer Creo 1.0 Mechanica. Controls of the strength of the attachment of the pump foundation and welds were performed analytically. The work resulted in a recommendation to Cementa AB in Skövde to bring in quotes on the new dry-pit pumps using the developed guidelines and to manufacture the pump foundation developed within the framework of the thesis. Cementa was also recommended to carefully follow the maintenance instructions for pumps and make it easier for staff to perform this maintenance. This was recommended to ensure that new pumps would have a longer and more economical lifetime.

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Lindh, Petter. « Emerging Markets : a Case Study on Foreign Market Entry in Laos ; MBA-thesis in marketing ». Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-4445.

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Background

This thesis is conducted for Husqvarna AB with the aim to map the Laotian market for them in terms of market potential for forestry power equipment. In order to provide decision material for further action I was asked to give a description of the Laotian forestry sector; research potential harvesting volumes; analyze the competitive situation; describe the general business conditions in Laos; and provide some insight as to how Husqvarna can enter the Laotian market.

Method

The method I have used for collection of information is two-fold. The empirical data has mostly been derived via interviews with forestry officials and companies involved in forestry. The theoretical review and collection of secondary data has been performed by research of books, journals, reports, newspapers and online sources. The research methodology can accordingly be labelled "the actor approach" which methodology is based on understanding social entireties. An important element in this approach is a process referred to as the hermeneutic circle - a process in which new knowledge is continuously incorporated into the understanding and used as base for further research. An important part of the method is my personal experience of Laos, from which I consider myself being able to base some conclusions.

Theoretical Review

Foreign market entry can generally be made in four modes: Exporting, licensing, joint ventures, or sole ventures. Foreign market entry strategies may involve adapting the marketing strategy. It may also necessitate product adaption.

Market entry in developing countries will most likely mean being exposed to unfamiliar environments. The general business conditions might be very different from the home market and constitute higher levels of trade barriers and sociocultural distance may be difficult to deal with.

Case Study, Conclusions and Reflections

The highlights from these two chapters include:

Laos offers foreign investors to use any of the four market entry modes.
Doing business in Laos receives a low international rating, especially in terms of labor restrictions. It also has rather high trade barriers.
Laos is developing its commercial tree plantation sector and estimates suggest that the harvesting volumes will be increasing rapidly in the coming 10-15 years.
Importing and selling forestry power equipment is restricted. Laos does not yet have any authorized dealer for chainsaws. This provides for interesting opportunities.
The market is flooded with cheap, illegally imported, Chinese chainsaws, but it is questionable whether this actually constitutes any competition to Husqvarna, being a high quality brand. The Chinese chainsaws might however soon increase in terms of quality and be more competitive.
Obtaining an import and sales license for outdoor power products may be a rather lengthy procedure but once in place would mean being the first authorized dealer - which might be advantageous.

Recommendation

Due to Laos making efforts to increase the commercial tree plantation area, the harvesting volumes will increase rapidly the coming years. The sales potential for forestry equipment will hence increase in the years to come.

My recommendation to Husqvarna, if they have resources, is therefore to locate a dealer and enter the Laotian market. Plantations are however still mostly in the development phase. It is therefore doubtful that early entry is profitable enough to be motivated if there are other markets with higher potential that Husqvarna wants to enter.

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Aissioui, Abdelkader. « Le chemin vers les architectures futures des services mobiles : du Follow Me Cloud (FMC) au Follow Me edge Cloud (FMeC) ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV095.

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Les travaux décrits dans cette thèse de doctorat visent à traiter les futures architectures de fourniture de services mobiles basés sur le cloud, à travers l'évolution des infrastructures réseau partant de Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) au Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). Nous nous sommes essentiellement concentrés sur le concept Follow Me Cloud (FMC) comme une nouvelle stratégie de fourniture de services pour une meilleure expérience utilisateur et une utilisation efficace des ressources. Cela permet aux services basés sur le cloud de "suivre" leurs utilisateurs mobiles au cours de leurs déplacements à travers les technologies de réseau d'accès, tout en fournissant le service basé sur le cloud via le point de service le plus optimal au sein de l'infrastructure cloud. Plusieurs contributions sont proposées dans cette thèse, avec des évaluations à la fois en analyse théorique et en simulation scientifique.Premièrement, nous avons proposé une architecture alternative FMC qui permet: (i) d'ouvrir la conception FMC sur les technologies d'accès réseau mobile non-3GPP (ii) d'assurer l'interopérabilité entre différents domaines PMIPv6 permettant au MN une itinérance inter-domaines PMIPv6 avec une mobilité IP transparente ainsi qu'une continuité de session de service.(iii) d'offrir une architecture sans tunnel dans les situations d'itinérance de MN, en évitant ainsi toute surcharge supplémentaire liée aux tunnels dans la gestion de la mobilité. Le schéma proposé exploite la technologie SDN/OpenFlow et le protocole de gestion de la mobilité PMIPv6 en les intégrant dans un unique framework permettant de réaliser la vision FMC.Deuxièmement, pour aborder les problèmes d'évolutivité et de résilience dans les architectures SDN/OpenFlow centralisées de plan de contrôle, nous avons introduit une nouvelle conception d'un contrôleur SDN élastique et distribué adapté pour MCC et plus particulièrement pour les systèmes de gestion FMC. Nous avons illustré comment le nouveau schéma de plan de contrôle est distribué sur une architecture hiérarchique à deux niveaux, un premier niveau avec un seul contrôleur SDN global et un second niveau avec plusieurs contrôleurs SDN locaux. Ensuite, nous avons présenté les éléments constitutifs de notre nouvel framework de plan contrôle, le calcul de l'indicateur de performance (KPI) du système, et nous avons fixé l'objectif clé de notre conception visant à maintenir la valeur KPI du système dans une fenêtre de seuil prédéfinie. Enfin, nous avons démontré comment cet objectif est atteint en adaptant dynamiquement le nombre et l'emplacement des contrôleurs SDN locaux en utilisant la technologie NFV pour provisionner les contrôleurs SDN en tant que instances VNF (fonction réseau virtuelle) dans le cloud.Troisièmement, nous avons introduit le concept FMeC, exploitant les capacités offertes par la combinaison des architectures MEC et FMC dans le but de satisfaire aux exigences des systèmes automobiles 5G. Nous avons commencé par définir les éléments clés du concept FMeC permettant de fournir la technologie FMC en bordure des réseaux mobiles. Ensuite, nous avons présenté une projection de notre solution FMeC sur un cas d'utilisation de conduite automatisée intégrant l'industrie automobile aux infrastructures Telecom en vue de la vision automobile 5G future. Avec une focalisation sur les types de communications V2I/N, nous avons présenté la conception de notre architecture FMeC basée sur les technologies SDN/OpenFlow et les entités de l'infrastructure MEC dont les ressources sont mises en commun pour fournir un cloud de bordure fédéré. Enfin, nous avons présenté notre framework sensible à la mobilité pour le placement des services dans le cloud de bordure, ce dernier est fondé sur un ensemble d'algorithmes de base qui permettent d'atteindre les exigences de QoS de la conduite automatisée en termes de latence ultra-courte au sein du réseau 5G
This Ph.D. thesis aims to deal with the future delivery architectures of mobile cloud-based services, through network infrastructures evolving from Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) to Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). We mainly focused on Follow Me Cloud (FMC) concept as a new service delivery strategy for improved user experience and efficient resource utilization. That enables cloud-based services to follow their mobile users during their movement across access network technologies and by delivering the cloud-service via the optimal service point inside the cloud infrastructure. Several contributions are proposed in this thesis and evaluated in both theoretical analysis and scientific simulation.First, we proposed an alternative FMC architecture that allows: (i) to open the FMC design on non-3GPP mobile network access technologies (ii) to provide interoperability among different PMIPv6 domains permitting MNs inter-PMIPv6 domain roaming with seamless IP mobility and service session continuity (iii) to offer a tunnel-free architecture in MNs roaming situation, avoiding any additional overhead associated with tunneling in mobility management. This proposed scheme leverage SDN/OpenFlow technology and PMIPv6 mobility management protocol by integrating them within a framework permitting to realize the FMC vision.Second, to address the scalability and resiliency concerns in centralized SDN/OpenFlow control plane architecture, we introduced a new design of an elastic distributed SDN controller tailored for Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) and more notably for Follow Me Cloud (FMC) management systems. We illustrated how the new control plane scheme is distributed on two-level hierarchical architecture, a first level with a single global SDN controller and a second level with several local SDN controllers. Then, we presented the building blocks of our novel control plane framework, the system Key Performance Indicator (KPI) computation and set the key objective of our design aiming to keep the system KPI value within a predefined threshold window. Last, we proved how this goal is achieved by adapting the number of local SDN controllers and their locations in an elastic manner and deploying them as VNF instances on the cloud thanks to NFV technology.Third, we introduced FMeC concept, leveraging the intertwining of MEC and FMC architectures with the aim of sustaining requirements of the 5G automotive systems. We began by defining FMeC key concept elements permitting to provide FMC technology at the edge of mobile networks. Then, we presented an automated driving use case projection of our FMeC solution integrating automotive with Telco infrastructures towards the future 5G automotive vision. Focusing on the V2I/N communications types, we introduced our FMeC design architecture based on SDN/OpenFlow technologies and MEC infrastructure entities whose resources are pooled together to provide a federated edge clouds. Finally, we presented our mobility-aware framework for edge-cloud service placement based on a set of basic algorithms that permit achieving the automated driving QoS requirements in terms of ultra-short latency within 5G network

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Nunes, Jose Renato Soares. « FMA+ ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/1664.

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O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de dados meteorológicos das regiões de Cambará, Campo Mourão, Cândido de Abreu, Cascavel, Guarapuava, Londrina, Palmas, Paranavaí e Pinhais e de dados meteorológicos e de ocorrência de incêndios florestais da região de Telêmaco Borba, Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os objetivos consistiram em aperfeiçoar a Fórmula de Monte Alegre (FMA), por meio da inclusão da variável velocidade do vento no índice e desenvolver equações que estimem os valores da Umidade Relativa às 13:00 h por meio dos dados das 9:00 e 15:00 h, que sãÓ os padrões utilizados nas estações meteorológicas da rede oficial brasileira. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas foram a umidade relativa das 9:00, 13:00 e 15:00 h, a precipitação diária e a velocidade do vento às 13:00 h. As variáveis referentes aos incêndios florestais foram a data de ocorrência, a hora de início e de término e a área queimada. Os dados se referem a um período de 5 anos, compreendido entre 01/06/1998 e 31/05/2003. Foram realizadas análises do comportamento das variáveis meteorológicas para todas as regiões estudadas. A fim de se fazer a correção da umidade relativa foram desenvolvidas equações de regressão para cada região. As equações que apresentaram melhores resultados com base na análise dos coeficientes de determinação (R2) e dos erros-padrão residuais (Sy..x) foram submetidas à análise de covariância e aquelas consideradas estatisticamente semelhantes foram combinadas, dando origem a uma equação geral que estima a umidade relativa das 13:00 h (UR13) com dados das 9:00 h (UR09) e outra que estima a umidade relativa das 13:00 com dados das 15:00 h (UR15) para o estado do Paraná A melhor equação para o primeiro caso foi UR 13=e ^ (2,72976+0,0162192UR09) e a melhor equação para o segundo caso foi UR 13=2,451510 (UR15)^0,796072 Com o fim de se incluir a velocidade do vento na Fórmula de Monte Alegre foram propostos modelos lineares e exponenciais e desenvolvidos programas computacionais com o fim de gerar os índices produzidos por esses modelos para a região de Telêmaco Borba. Com base nos dados de ocorrência de incêndios florestais os modelos tiveram a sua eficiência testada pelo teste skill score. Foram selecionados dois modelos exponenciais, que apresentaram os melhores resultados pelo skill score. Como os modelos selecionados usavam as classes de perigo originais, definidas na Fórmula de Monte Alegre, foi necessária a definição de novas classes que fossem mais adequadas aos novos modelos. Foram realizadas análises numéricas e gráficas em cada uma dessas variáveis com o objetivo de se definir os limites de cada classe de grau de perigo. Urna vez definidos os critérios, foram propostas novas classes de perigo para os modelos selecionados. A partir dos resultados gerados pelo programa e dos dados de incêndios os modelos selecionados foram novamente analisados e submetidos à análise de desempenho, utilizando-se o skill score e as porcentagens de sucesso para os mesmos, permitindo assim a definição do melhor modelo a ser incorporado na Fórmula de Monte Alegre, que passou a ter a seguinte representação: (vide resumo).

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Brazda, Carolyn Paulette. « Fame ». PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1023.

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"Fame" is a series of poems in four parts: A., B., C., and &. The first section explores both the concept of autobiography and adoption. The second section concerns itself with biographical poetry as it explores Boar Girl. The third section aims to rethink the confessional poem, and the final section is a playful engagement with music and literature.

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Ampuero, Juan Sebastián, Walter Javier Olguín, Sebastián Ariel Ruiz et Gonzalo Ariel Sorroche. « FMI ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, 2020. http://bdigital.uncu.edu.ar/16426.

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El endeudamiento público es una herramienta muy utilizada, sobre todo en países deficitarios como Argentina. Uno de los organismos que brinda este tipo de financiamiento, y al que han recurrido frecuentemente los gobiernos de nuestro país es el Fondo Monetario Internacional. Es producto de esta recurrencia que surge la importancia de analizar esta organización, cuáles son sus funciones, y específicamente, intensificar el estudio sobre último acuerdo establecido. Todo préstamo genera intereses, y por ello es necesario generar los recursos para cubrirlos, como también su capital. El objetivo de esta tesina es lograr entender y definir cuál es la vinculación entre la tasa de endeudamiento de acuerdos establecidos y la tasa de crecimiento requerida. Esta tesina es de tipo descriptiva y correlacional, ya que detalla el problema observado y las causas que llevaron a la situación analizada y, por otro lado, se efectúa un análisis de la vinculación entre las variables que se plantean en el problema. Se trata de un estudio no experimental ya que se observan las variables tal y como suceden en su contexto natural. La metodología combina técnicas cualitativas, como el análisis de documentos, bibliografía y notas periodísticas, con técnicas cuantitativas en base al análisis de indicadores económicos. Los resultados indican que, si bien existen países con un alto índice de endeudamiento que cuentan con economías y tasas de crecimiento positivas, estos son una excepción a la regla. Y por lo general, los países que recurren frecuentemente al endeudamiento entran en un círculo vicioso del que les es dificultoso salir, especialmente en países con economías inestables y subdesarrolladas como la de nuestro país.
Fil: Ampuero, Juan Sebastián. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Olguín, Walter Javier. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Ruiz, Sebastián Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.
Fil: Sorroche, Gonzalo Ariel. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas.

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Nordström, Veronica. « Fem blivande officerare & ; fem blivande stridspiloter ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-32423.

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SAMMANFATTNINGDet sägs att vi lever i ett individualistiskt och flexibelt samhälle. För den starka individen innebär detta att karriär, utveckling och privata intressen värderas högre än lojalitet gentemot arbetsgivaren. Att byta arbetsgivare under sitt yrkesverksamma liv betraktas idag mer som regel än undantag. Hur resonerar då blivande officerare och stridspiloter som har valt att utbilda sig till ett yrke som endast går att utöva i en enda organisation? Kan studenter, som i princip bara har en arbetsgivare att välja på, verkligen ha behov av karriärvägledning? Syftet med studien är att få en förståelse för hur blivande officerare och stridspiloter ser på sig själva i organisationen, samt vilka upplevda behov de har av karriärvägledning. För att undersöka detta område närmare har jag genomfört gruppintervjuer med fem blivande officerare och fem blivande stridspiloter. Resultatet visar att en majoritet av deltagarna i studien har en marknadsmässig inställning. Karriär, utveckling och privata intressen är i hög grad styrande för deras val, men de visar också tecken på institutionalisering då de har tagit till sig organisationens värderingar som sina egna. Studenterna upplever ett behov av både taktisk och strategisk karriärvägledning.

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Santos, Luiz Cláudio dos [UNESP]. « Da Geografia da fome ao Fome Zero : contribuição ao estudo da fome no Brasil ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104356.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_lc_dr_rcla.pdf: 1373273 bytes, checksum: 543e1f53f90250da46fbbcec51fbe1b1 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Desde a publicação do livro Geografia da Fome, de Josué de Castro, na década de 1940, este país passou por grandes mudanças demográficas e socioeconômicas, apesar disso, a fome permanece no seio da população brasileira. Recentemente, essa questão voltou ao debate nacional por meio do Projeto Fome Zero, tornado, posteriormente, política do governo federal. O presente trabalho pretende discutir o papel da fome no Brasil de hoje. Percebe-se que a persistência desse fenômeno não está ligada a escassez ou dificuldade física de acesso aos alimentos, mas, ao baixo poder aquisitivo de boa parcela da população que, por conta disso, não proporciona renda suficiente para que essas pessoas possam alimentar-se de forma adequada diariamente.
Since the publication of the book Geografia da Fome by Josué de Castro in the 1940s, this country has experienced major demographic and socioeconomic changes. However, the hunger remains amongst Brazilian population. Recently, this issue came back to the national debate through the Projeto Fome Zero, that became later, the federal government's policy. This paper will discuss the role of hunger in Brazil today. It is perceived that the persistence of this phenomenon is not linked to scarcity or physical difficulty in accessing food, but to low purchasing power of a good portion of population that, due to it, does not provide enough income for these people to feed themselves properly every day.

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Santos, Luiz Cláudio dos. « Da geografia da fome ao Fome Zero : contribuição ao estudo da fome no Brasil / ». Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104356.

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Orientador: Adler Guilherme Viadana
Banca: Fadel David Antonio Filho
Banca: Eneas Rente Ferreira
Banca: Ana Maria Segall Corrêa
Banca: José Marcelino de Rezende Pinto
Resumo: Desde a publicação do livro Geografia da Fome, de Josué de Castro, na década de 1940, este país passou por grandes mudanças demográficas e socioeconômicas, apesar disso, a fome permanece no seio da população brasileira. Recentemente, essa questão voltou ao debate nacional por meio do Projeto Fome Zero, tornado, posteriormente, política do governo federal. O presente trabalho pretende discutir o papel da fome no Brasil de hoje. Percebe-se que a persistência desse fenômeno não está ligada a escassez ou dificuldade física de acesso aos alimentos, mas, ao baixo poder aquisitivo de boa parcela da população que, por conta disso, não proporciona renda suficiente para que essas pessoas possam alimentar-se de forma adequada diariamente.
Abstract:Since the publication of the book Geografia da Fome by Josué de Castro in the 1940s, this country has experienced major demographic and socioeconomic changes. However, the hunger remains amongst Brazilian population. Recently, this issue came back to the national debate through the Projeto Fome Zero, that became later, the federal government's policy. This paper will discuss the role of hunger in Brazil today. It is perceived that the persistence of this phenomenon is not linked to scarcity or physical difficulty in accessing food, but to low purchasing power of a good portion of population that, due to it, does not provide enough income for these people to feed themselves properly every day.
Doutor

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Trione, Ingrid. « De fem sinnena ». Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & ; Möbeldesign, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-2694.

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Prüfer, Hans-Peter. « Quo vadis, FEM ? » TUDpress - Verlag der Wissenschaften GmbH, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30501.

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Seitdem die Methode der Finiten Elemente dank der rapiden Fortschritte der Hard- und Softwareentwicklung ihr anfängliches Nischendasein aufgeben konnte, ist sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug der Produktentwicklung geworden. Anwenderseitig wurde mit dieser Entwicklung jedoch nicht immer Schritt gehalten. Anstelle der wenigen Spezialisten früherer Jahre nutzt inzwischen beinahe jeder, der über die entsprechenden Programme verfügt, die FEM, mit zuweilen zweifelhaften Resultaten – »The stark reality is that probably the majority of users are blissfully unaware that their analyses are invalid.« (Horspool 2010). In diesem Beitrag wird die aktuelle Anwendungssituation untersucht, und es werden Ausbildungskonzepte vorgestellt, die zu besseren und sichereren Analysen führen sollen. In den folgenden drei kleinen Szenarien sind zur Einstimmung typische Fehlschlüsse – ein wenig überzogen – dargestellt.

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Gautheron-Boutchatsky, Christina. « FLE et psychanalyse ». Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030034.

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S'inscrire dans un courant epistemologique en faveur du decloisonnement entre les diverses sciences humaines. - examiner les apports potentiels de la psychanalyse, susceptibles d'ameliorer l'enseignement en general, et du fle en particulier, par le biais de la formation, sur la base de mon experience personnelle. - faire le tour des secteurs du fle ou la psychanalyse pourrait avoir un role benefique a jouer, et des diverses formes que ses utilisations revetiraient. - enrichir le fle des connaissances produites par les champs connexes ou la psychanalyse est deja utilisee (pedagogie, sociologie de la migration, anthropologie, histoire, langage langues, therapies diverses. . . ), ainsi que divers secteurs de la psychanalyse elle-meme qui debordent le cadre de la cure traditionnelle (psychanalyse de l'alterite, de l'interculturel, du transgenerationnel. . . )

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Santos, Krystin. « AUTO-FEM : ESSAYS ». UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/72.

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Auto Fem: Essays is a nonfiction essay collection revolving around one young woman’s family and their relationship to the motors that accelerate familial bonds. Each motor-related essay brings readers deeper into the admiration of speed and the environment that surrounds it. The essays span from the author's childhood into adulthood, revealing the different ways a woman is sexualized within these subcultures. This sexualization leads to internal battles for the female participant that result in sometimes toxic eating habits and a complicated body image. The author provides a sometimes brutal, sometimes funny, but always honest view. The essays collected here explore one woman's experience of being a woman within male-dominated spaces-- from table gambling in casinos to Harley Davidson motorcycle rallies. These essays explore over twenty years of one nuclear family's love for motors and each other.

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Prüfer, Hans-Peter. « Quo vadis, FEM ? » Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-228221.

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Seitdem die Methode der Finiten Elemente dank der rapiden Fortschritte der Hard- und Softwareentwicklung ihr anfängliches Nischendasein aufgeben konnte, ist sie zu einem unverzichtbaren Werkzeug der Produktentwicklung geworden. Anwenderseitig wurde mit dieser Entwicklung jedoch nicht immer Schritt gehalten. Anstelle der wenigen Spezialisten früherer Jahre nutzt inzwischen beinahe jeder, der über die entsprechenden Programme verfügt, die FEM, mit zuweilen zweifelhaften Resultaten – »The stark reality is that probably the majority of users are blissfully unaware that their analyses are invalid.« (Horspool 2010). In diesem Beitrag wird die aktuelle Anwendungssituation untersucht, und es werden Ausbildungskonzepte vorgestellt, die zu besseren und sichereren Analysen führen sollen. In den folgenden drei kleinen Szenarien sind zur Einstimmung typische Fehlschlüsse – ein wenig überzogen – dargestellt.

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Saraiva, Maria Leonor Tavares. « A fome necessária ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/909.

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Larsson, Joakim, et Aarto Niskanen. « FEM i praktiken : En studie i FEM-Designs användningsområden inom konstruktionsprojektering ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172552.

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This diploma work has been conducted for the consulting company Ramböll inUppsala, Sweden with the purpose to perform a study with the calculation programFEM Design 9.0 made by Strusoft. The aim has been to find out if it is possible to gainadvantage by utilizing more advanced 3D software for design calculations, instead ofthe traditional methods currently used in construction works.The method of approach has been to model an existing warehouse building with theprogram FEM Design, and then compare the results with those attained with FrameAnalysis and hand calculations. These results are then analyzed. An evaluation is maderegarding to what benefits can be achieved using a more advanced 3D-model.The results of the study show that the differences between the methods are not ofany significance with regard to the design of the steel frame. However in morecomplex materials such as reinforced concrete, the differences become more notable.The conclusions drawn by the authors of this study into FEM Design are that theeducation requirements of the program are higher than for simpler programs, whosepurpose are solving predetermined problems. More time is also needed to create themodels used in full 3D software compared to the traditional simpler methods.Despite this there is a great potential in using FEM Design for both small and largeconstruction projects.

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Maria, Tabib, et Azizi Shahin. « De fem förmågorna i matematikundervisningen. : Hur läromedlet kan främja de fem förmågorna ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54818.

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Syftet med denna studie var att få vetskap om hur lärare använder sig av Favoritmatematik i undervisningen för att främja elevernas kunskaper i de femförmågorna. Syftet var även att få en uppfattning om hur läraren förhåller sig tillundervisningen om läromedlet inte räcker till. Vi valde att utföra kvalitativaintervjuer via zoom med F-3 lärare. Urvalet består av sex erfarna lärare som hararbetet med matematikundervisning i lågstadiet i minst 4 år. I vårt resultatframkommer det att lärarna använder sig av läromedlet i stor utsträckning menatt de behöver komplettera detta med övningar och extra material.

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Azizi, Shahin, et Maria Tabib. « De fem förmågorna i matematik : Hur läromedlet kan främja de fem förmågorna ». Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55087.

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Syftet med denna studie var att få vetskap om hur lärare använder sig av Favorit matematik i undervisningen för att främja elevernas kunskaper i de fem förmågorna. Syftet var även att få en uppfattning om hur läraren förhåller sig till undervisningen om läromedlet inte räcker till. Vi valde att utföra kvalitativa intervjuer via zoom med F-3 lärare. Urvalet består av sex erfarna lärare som har arbetet med matematikundervisning i lågstadiet i minst 4 år. I vårt resultat framkommer det att lärarna använder sig av läromedlet i stor utsträckning men att de behöver komplettera detta med övningar och extra material.
The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about how teachers use Favorite Mathematics in teaching to promote students' knowledge of the five abilities. The purpose was also to get an idea of how the teacher relates to the teaching if the teaching aid is not enough. We chose to conduct qualitative interviews via zoom with F-3 teachers. The sample consists of six experienced teachers who have worked with mathematic teaching in primary school for at least 4 years. In our result, it appears that the teachers use the teaching aid to a large extent, but that they need to supplement this with exercises and extra material.

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Wessman, Josefin. « FMT – ur ett utvecklingsperspektiv ». Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för konstnärliga studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28232.

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Med följande examensarbete vill jag försöka beskriva FMT-metoden, dess uppkomst och hur den fungerar i praktiken. Jag har valt att se på metoden utifrån ett utvecklings-psykologiskt perspektiv. Därför har jag valt att beskriva utvecklingsbegreppet, lite av dess historia och den utvecklingssyn som råder idag. FMT-metoden ställs i det här arbetet inför dagens utvecklingssyn. För att belysa hur FMT-metoden ter sig i praktiken finns även fallbeskrivningar av arbetet med två personer. Även det arbetet har jag försökt se och beskriva ur ett utvecklings-perspektiv. Min slutsats är att FMT-metoden kan möta upp med dagens utvecklingssyn. Det här sker dock inte per automatik utan ligger på varje terapeuts ansvar. Därför bör terapeuten vara medveten om och ständigt utvärdera sin egen människo- och utvecklingssyn, samt sitt eget förhållningssätt till dessa frågor.

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von, Martens David. « Grundskolan Fem Gröna Floder ». Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189044.

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Kandidatprojektet är ett gestalningsprojekt inom arkitektur av en grundskola för ca 700 elever i Fornuddsparken i Tyresö kommun söder om Stockholm i Sverige. Syftet med projektet har varit att utforska hur en grundskola kan utformas med fokus på relationen mellan arkitektur, pedagogik och fysisk rörelse inomhus och utomhus. Grundskolan sammanfattad med siffror: - Fem gröna floder för att dra in parken i skolan, skapa struktur för hinderbanor, dämpa ljudnivån, för en mer varierad inre miljö och för en friskare luft. - Sex omslutande skivor för formmässig stabilitet, struktur för orienterbarhet och för en tydligt sammankopplad inre och yttre gatumiljö. - Tio kvarter innehållande trygga basytor att utgå från med utblickar mot parken, de livfulla gatorna mellan kvarteren och mot lugnare miljöer. - Mer än hundra träpelare kombinerade med massivträ och träregelväggar. Skolans gestaltningsarbete vilar på tre konceptuella beslut: - Idén att elever och lärare ska inspireras till fysisk aktivitet både inomhus och utomhus. - Organiseringen av inre rum går före yttre form. Det flytande öppna rummet som skapas mellan de mer slutna funktioner har prioriterats före den yttre formen. - Arbeta för en stark integration mellan park/utemiljö och skolbyggnadens inre miljö. Arbetsmetodiken har bestått av en systematisk process med en dynamisk växelverkan mellan delprocesser som: Studiebesök på skolor, inläsning om pedagogik och skolarkitektur, lokalprogramstudier med sambandsdiagram, idé och konceptutveckling med collage, skisser och texter, gestaltningsprocess med hjälp av skisser, CAD-ritningar, fysiska modeller och digitala 3D-modeller, diskussioner och kritisk analys av gestaltade lösningar med handledare, kursdeltagare och stödpersoner.
This bachelor project is an architecture design project of an elementary school for 700 students. The site location is in a park, Fornuddsparken, in Tyresö south of Stockholm in Sweden.The aim for the project was to explore how a school building of this size can be designed with a special focus on the relations between architecture, pedagogy and both indoor and outdoor physical movement. The elementary school with numbers: - Five green rivers to connect the park with the interior of the school, establish a structure that can be used for obstacle courses, improve the indoor acoustics, create a more diverse environment and for a more healthy air inside the building. - Six embracing, folded slabs to give stability to the form, a structure for easier orientation on the site and to structurally connect the inside street corridors with the outside schoolyard. - Ten blocks with more private and safe base rooms with views at the park, the more crowded street corridors between the blocks and views at more serene sceneries outside the school area. - More than one hundred pillars combined with bearing massive wood elements and wood stud walls. The design is based on three main concepts: - The idea that students and teachers should be inspired to more indoor and outdoor physical movements. - The priority in the design process should be the organization of the interior spaces not the form itself; an inside to outside approach in forming the building. - The aim to integrate the outside park and schoolyard with the inside of the building. The working method has been based on a systematic process with a reciprocal action and iteration of sub processes like: Study visits to schools, reading sessions about teaching and school architecture, studies of the program for the school with space organization diagrams, developing ideas and concepts with collages, sketches and writing, the main design process using tools like sketching, CAD-drawings, paper and wood models and digital 3D-models, discussions and critical analysis of the created drawings with the aid of tutors, students and other advisors.

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Azoubel, Lina Maria de Oliveira. « Fome : ideologia e capitalismo ». [s.n.], 1988. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253369.

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Orientador: Nilson Joseph Demange
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T21:11:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azoubel_LinaMariadeOliveira_M.pdf: 6956314 bytes, checksum: 5ef21bf31306049aaa57b5d3f315e069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988
Resumo: Procuramos realizar um estudo sobre a fome levando em conta a estrutura político-econômica-social vigente no país, com a preocupação de como ela se reflete na educação, alimentação e trabalho. A fome é um tema pouco estudado e por nós considerado não apenas um fenômeno natural, mas principalmente resultado de uma determinação política, econômica e social. Em outras palavras, procuramos dar uma visão a respeito da fome não só do ponto de vista biológico, em que é estudada como desnutrição, mas como estando altamente comprometida com um processo político-econômico-social mais abrangente. De um lado temos conhecimento que ela se encontra nos países periféricos de todo o mundo, entre eles o Brasil. De outro é sabido que o ano 87/88 foi contabilizado um sucesso da produção mundial, uma vez que na terra existe neste ano o estoque de mais ou menos 400 milhões de toneladas grãos o que equivale a 7 vezes a última safra brasileira de grãos. Segundo dados oficiais essa quantidade seria suficiente para suprir as deficiências calóricas, durante 2 anos, dos 730 milhões de famintos que povoam o planeta. É fundamental dar conhecimento de que os armazéns comunitários da Comunidade Econômica Européia (C.E.E.) acumulam desde o ano passado: 16,4 milhões de toneladas de cereais, 1,4 milhão de toneladas de manteiga, 1 milhão de toneladas de leite em pó, 0,6 milhão de toneladas de carne bovina, 0,25 milhão de toneladas de azeite de oliva, e para isso gasta 2 bilhões de dólares de aluguel para armazenar estes alimentos. Por sua vez, no Brasil 85% da população ganha até 5 salários mínimos para sobreviver com seus dependentes, o que os coloca em uma das três fases da manifestação da fome. Isso ocorre em conseqüência da política-econômica-social de um capitalismo dependente imposta aos brasileiros por um capitalismo desenvolvido e opressor. Em vista disso, teceremos algumas considerações a respeito do descomprometimento do governo em relação a fome, assim como das diversidades dos condicionantes da fome, relacionando-a com o desenvolvimento e a política. Trabalharemos também com as questões envolvi das com a fome a nível regional, nacional e internacional. Consideramos que a fome é um processo organizado como uma grande indústria que por sua vez é subsidiada pelas indústrias da seca, enchente, exploração da propriedade da terra, educação excludente, salário mínimo e exploração direta do trabalhador. Como não poderia deixar de ser terminamos com uma análise da fome a Nível Internacional e das propostas dos Órgãos Internacionais
Abstract: A study on hunger was conducted taking into consideration the political and socioeconomic structure of Brazil, focusing on its repercussions on education, feeding and work. Hunger is a little studied topic which we consider not only as a natural phenomenon, but mainly as the result of a political, economic and social determination. In other words, our objective was to provide a picture of hunger not only from a biological point of view, which sees it as malnutrition, but also as a phenomenon involved in amore encompassing political and socioeconomic process. On the one hand, we know that hunger exists in alI peripheral countries in the world, Brazil among them, and on the other we know that year 1987/88 represented a great worldwide success in terms of grain production, since approximately 400 million tons of grains were stocked all over the world during this period, i. e. the equivalent of 7 times the latest Brazilian grain crop. According to official data, this quantity would be sufficient to satisfy for two years all the caloric needs of 730 million individual suffering from starvation all over the world. It is of fundamental importance to inform that the community storage sites of the European Economic Community have accumulated the following amounts of food since last year: 16,4 million tons of cereals, 1,4 million tons of butter, 1,0 million tons of powdered milk, 0.600 million tons of beef, 0.250 million tons of olive oil, and that 2 billion dollars in rental expenses are being paid to store this food. In Brazil, 85% of the population earns an amount of money equivalent to up to 5 times the minimum monthly wage to support a full family, which means that this section of the population is in one of the three phases of hunger manifestation. This is the result of a socioeconomic policy based on dependent capitalism which has been imposed on the Brazilians by a developed and oppressive capitalism. In view of the above, we comment on the lack of action on the part of the government with respect to hunger and on the diversity of the factors conditioning hunger, relating them to development and politics. The questions involved in hunger at he regional, national and international leveI are also discussed. We consider hunger to be an organized process similar to a large industry, which in turn is subsidized by the industries of drought, flooding, exploitation of land ownership, elitist education, minimum wage and direct worker exploitation. Finally, we conclude with an analysis of hunger at the international level and of the proposals presented by International Agencies
Mestrado
Mestre em Educação

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Ingvarsson, Sunniva. « Fem fragment om måleri ». Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för Konst (K), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7710.

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This bachelor essay presents some aspects of Sunniva Ingvarssons painting process. Comparing the painterly act with writing (about the field of her practice) the text aims to grasp some outlooks on the use of words or verbal contentmaking connected to a nearly nonverbal expression. The painted gestures and markmakings are being discussed as meaningless in a meaningful way, arguing whether the parameters of the established should be taken in consideration in the artistic research, or not. Based on subjective experiences and some readings including Susan Sontag, Judith Butler (and Friedrich Schlegel) there is an aim to make the reader understand the eventual importance of the un-validated thoughts art possibly can consist of, with permission of only the artist.

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Dohm, John Carl. « Building inspection fee analysis ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3249.

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The focus of this report and the study for which it was written involves two specific types of user charges: Building permit fees are fees that cover the cost of administering the document (the building permit) and the cost of inspecting the construction for which the permit was issued. This report examines the issues, both legal and procedural, surrounding regulatory fees and their effects on building fees within the City of San Bernardino. As elements of the larger study, various smaller studies such as time and motion studies of the building inspector's activities and fully Burdened Hourly Rate Study were completed.

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Sandberg, Thomas. « FEM-beräkningar av bandsågständer ». Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80344.

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Falkman, Jennica, et Mimmi Johansson. « Fem lärares litteraturdidaktiska övervägande ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35932.

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Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka vad några lärare säger om sina arbetssätt inom skönlitteratur och hur de använder sig av dessa för att motivera till läsning och utveckla olika elevgruppers läsförmåga. Vi har använt oss av kvalitativa intervjuer med fem lärare på fyra olika skolor och kommuner. Resultatet visar att alla lärare trots skillnader i bakgrunder och år i yrket använder sig av liknande arbetsätt för att motivera till och utveckla olika elevers läsförmåga inom skönlitteratur. Vår slutsats är att ett varierat arbetsätt inom litteraturundervisning gör det möjligt att motivera till och utveckla olika elever läsförmåga inom skönlitteratur eftersom olika elever lär på olika sätt och har olika behov och utgångspunkter för sin läsning.
Five teacher’s literature didaactics consideration

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Norlin, Cindy. « Språkvalet i årskurs fem ». Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-29468.

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Johansson, Ann. « De odödliga Fem : En studie gällande handlingsscheman och strukturer i Blytons Fem-böcker ». Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10977.

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Abstract Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka vad det är som gjort Enid Blytons Fem-serie så populär. För att ta reda på detta har en analys gällande struktur och handlingsschema på tio delvis slumpmässigt utvalda Fem-böcker utförts. Ett medvetet val har gjorts då första och sista boken i serien tagits med i studien. Särskilt fokus läggs på de handlingsscheman som återfinns i de olika böcker då en hypotes är att handlingsförloppen inte skiljer sig nämnvärt åt böckerna emellan samt att detta ger ett igenkännande som tilltalar de läsande barnen. Tidigare forskning kring Blytons böcker om Fem-gänget, syn på strukturer i skönlitteratur samt vad andra forskare anser vara det som tilltalar läsande barn lyfts fram och kopplas till föreliggande studie. Som grund för analysen av handlingsförloppen används Ecos studie gällande handlingsscheman i Flemings böcker om James Bond. För att komma fram till vad det är som gör dessa böcker så populära jämförs andra forskares syn på barn och skönlitteratur med det detta arbete kommit fram till gällande Blytons böcker. Handlingsscheman i den undersökta litteraturen jämförs och analyseras för att se om det finns ett mönster dem emellan. Detta kopplas sedan till ovanstående analys på strukturen i böckerna samt det barn anses tycka om att läsa. Resultatet av studien blev att det mellan de handlingsscheman som upptäckts i böckerna finns många likheter, vilket gör att det uppstår ett igenkännande då man läser dem. Strukturen och språket i böckerna är så som det, enligt andra forskare, bör vara i böcker riktade till barn i gällande ålder. Igenkännandet i handlingsscheman, strukturen och språket tillsammans med Blytons förmåga att skriva som ett barn kan vara några av anledningarna till böckernas popularitet. Ämnesord Blyton, Fem-böckerna, populär, struktur, språk, skönlitteratur, barn, igenkännande, Eco, invariabelt handlinsschema, parallellhandlingar, intrig, fabel, narrativ progression, adaptation

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Bromark, Johan, et Per Lindström. « När vi fem blir en - Sammanslagning av fem kommuners it-verksamhet ur synergiperspektiv ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-379681.

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Sveriges kommuner är utsatta för rationaliseringstryck. En möjlig väg att sänka kostnader förkommunal verksamhet är samverkan med andra kommuner. En sådan organisationsförändringkan liknas vid de som sker i företag i samband med förvärv och sammanslagningar. Dessamotiveras ofta av synergier vilka förväntas medföra att värdet av de sammanslagnaorganisationerna blir större än de enskilda delarnas. Teori förutsäger att realiserad synergiberor på faktorerna kombinationspotential, organisationsintegration, medarbetarmotstånd,ledarstilslikhet och storleksrelation. Denna kvalitativa studie har undersökt en pågående sammanslagning av fem kommuners IT-verksamhet i syfte att granska sammanslagningens förutsättningar att realisera synergi. Fem personer har intervjuats, dessutom har ett antal dokument ingått i undersökningen.Baserat på den använda analysmodellen i kombination med den insamlade informationen blirslutsatsen att den undersökta sammanslagningen har goda förutsättningar att realisera synergi.

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Groh, U. « FEM auf irregulären hierarchischen Dreiecksnetzen ». Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1998. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199801330.

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From the viewpoint of the adaptive solution of partial differential equations a finit e element method on hierarchical triangular meshes is developed permitting hanging nodes arising from nonuniform hierarchical refinement. Construction, extension and restriction of the nonuniform hierarchical basis and the accompanying mesh are described by graphs. The corresponding FE basis is generated by hierarchical transformation. The characteristic feature of the generalizable concept is the combination of the conforming hierarchical basis for easily defining and changing the FE space with an accompanying nonconforming FE basis for the easy assembly of a FE equations system. For an elliptic model the conforming FEM problem is solved by an iterative method applied to this nonconforming FEM equations system and modified by projection into the subspace of conforming basis functions. The iterative method used is the Yserentant- or BPX-preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm. On a MIMD computer system the parallelization by domain decomposition is easy and efficient to organize both for the generation and solution of the equations system and for the change of basis and mesh.

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Eibner, Tino. « Randkonzentrierte und adaptive hp-FEM ». Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200601050.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten der hp-FEM. Insbesondere werden hierbei folgende Punkte genauer untersucht: 1. Das effiziente Aufstellen der Steifigkeitsmatrix auf Referenzelementen, die keine Tensorproduktstruktur besitzen. 2. Eine lokale Konvergenzbetrachtung für die randkonzentrierte hp-FEM. 3. Ein Multilevel-Löser für die randkonzentrierte hp-FEM. 4. Eine Strategie für hp-Adaptivität.

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Reul, Stefan. « Numerische Singularitäten bei FEM-Analysen ». Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-87212.

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Thèses sur le sujet « FME »

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