Thèses sur le sujet « Food security policies »
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Hassan, S. M. A. « Food security and regional development policies in arid Sudan ». Thesis, Swansea University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637243.
Texte intégralKozicka, Marta [Verfasser]. « Policies for Food Security in India : An Assessment of Current Policies and Reform Options / Marta Kozicka ». Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1118720881/34.
Texte intégralMARTA, STEFANO. « INNOVATIVE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT THEORIES, POLICIES AND APPROACHES FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2475.
Texte intégralThe aim of the PhD thesis is to investigate, analyze and build empirical evidence on the relevance of territorial approaches for addressing the issue of food insecurity, based on the assumption that the ineffectiveness of traditional approaches to food and nutrition security (FNS) stresses the need to shift from one-size-fits-all, entirely top-down and sectoral-based approaches to integrated, context-specific and place-based approaches. The first part defines a conceptual and policy framework for the territorial approach to FNS policies also by interviewing the main experts on the issues of FNS and regional development. The second part aims at filling the FNS gap in terms of information and analytical methods by developing tools and approaches to measure and assess the territorial structural determinants of FNS. In particular, it proposes two different tools: the Territorial Capital Index (TCI) and the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM). The research concluded that FNS is a multi-sectoral and complex socio-economic development issue characterized by a strong territorial dimension which goes far beyond food production and it is the result of dynamic and complex interactions between economic, social, institutional and environmental policies. The combined TCI-SAM approach provides policy makers with comprehensive territorial information to target FNS strategies and policies and to better allocate resources.
モニカ, ラコヴィタ, et Monica Racovita. « Policies of genetically modified crops in India : food security and biosafety politics ». Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12252585/?lang=0, 2011. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB12252585/?lang=0.
Texte intégralEhrhart, Ryan. « Scaling food security| a political ecology of agricultural policies and practices in Bukidnon, Philippines ». Thesis, City University of New York, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3561582.
Texte intégralDebates over food security strategies in the Philippines have pitted the neoliberal paradigm of trade liberalization, export cropping, and chemical and biotech agricultural methods against the food sovereignty paradigm of protectionism, staple cropping, and sustainable agriculture methods.
The Philippine government has long pushed for yield increases of staples. However, there has been dissonance between governmental desires for rice self-sufficiency and pursuit of a more export-oriented agricultural economy. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Asian Development Bank, and the World Trade Organization have pressured the government of the Philippines to adopt various tenets of neoliberalism (trade liberalization, privatization, deregulation, and budgetary austerity), which have hindered the achievement of Philippine goals for self-sufficiency in its staple foods and stunted the potential benefits of land reform.
Through ethnographic research of the social and ecological conditions in three rural villages in the province of Bukidnon, this examination of agrarian change explores how various actors—small farmers, collectives, large planters, and agribusiness corporations—have been scaling their projects in the agricultural economy.
The use of chemical inputs has damaged soils and saddled farmers with debts. In many cases, control of land has been lost to elites through sales or pawning arrangements. Relatively egalitarian corn- and rice-farming areas have given way to a stratified landscape of sugarcane and banana plantations, as former smallholders have been forced to work as wage laborers. Multinational agribusinesses have steered the area away from staple production and threatened human and environmental health with pesticide exposure and erosion.
Some farmers though have organized against these prevailing trends. Production and social reproduction have been rescaled through collective marketing, reciprocal labor arrangements, and more equitably gendered divisions of labor. Agroecological methods, such as composting, organic fertilization, seed saving, and indigenous pest control have scaled the reproduction of environmental conditions more locally and increased farmer incomes because their inputs are created on the farm. Protecting local control of the means of production—seeds, fertilizers, and especially land—has become an important method for preserving a smallholder class, maintaining more self-determination, and working toward greater food sovereignty.
McNulty, Emily [Verfasser], et Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Zeller. « Microeconomic analysis of policies addressing food security, water and energy trade-offs in Malawi / Emily McNulty ; Betreuer : Manfred Zeller ». Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1158659660/34.
Texte intégralSchiebel, Jennifer, et Daria Hasse. « Global Policies : Discrepancy Between Global Desires and Local Conditions ? The Suitability of Global Policies to raise Local Agricultural Productivity Rates and Food Security in Lago District, Mozambique ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-47112.
Texte intégralDithmer, Jan [Verfasser]. « The Impact of Macroeconomic Policies and Trade on Food and Nutrition Security and Child Health : Cross-Country Analyses / Jan Dithmer ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080521666/34.
Texte intégralAbaid, Mohammed. « Evaluation of Jatropha Curcas as future en-ergy crop in some African countries ». Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170063.
Texte intégralNkomo, Grace Margaret. « Fish in the life of Kalk Bay – Examining how fisheries policies are affecting the access to fish for the food security of the fishing community of Kalk Bay ». University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4718.
Texte intégralThis thesis examines how recent South African government fisheries policies have affected the livelihoods and food security of small-scale fishers, using the Kalk Bay fishing community in Cape Town, South Africa, as a case study. Fish has for generations provided food security for the fishers of Kalk Bay and their families. This food security has been both through catching fish for direct consumption and selling fish for income. Fish is an excellent source of nutrition, supplying easily digestible protein, as well as vital macro and micro nutrients essential for development and growth, thereby providing nutritional security. In South Africa, the right to food has been identified by the South African government as a primary policy objective. The Constitution of South Africa also guarantees access to food for citizens of the country primarily through providing access to food sources and livelihoods. This mini-thesis argues that despite the stated objectives of the government, the development and implementation of policy in the fisheries sector has not supported the right to food. Research was conducted through in-depth interviews with government representatives, fishing activists and fishers with a direct interest in Kalk Bay, as well as a survey completed in the Kalk Bay fishing community. The findings were examined through a sustainable livelihoods perspective, with a focus on access rights as a necessity to access livelihoods. The results clearly indicate that households in Kalk Bay who have traditionally pursued livelihoods and food security through fishing are often no longer able to do so. Small-scale fishers were completely omitted from the Marine Living Resources Act of 1998. This has resulted in the removal of access rights to marine resources which has led to these traditional fishers no longer being able to access their historical livelihoods and provide food security. These fishers have experienced further disenfranchisement from policies that were promised to empower the citizens of South Africa at the beginning of the new democracy in South Africa. As a result of a loss of access to livelihoods, small-scale fishers in South Africa launched a class action against the government. This legal action was won by the fishers and a judgement was given that the government was to amend the Marine Living Resources Act (1998), and a fisheries policy ensuring the inclusion of small-scale fishers was to be written. This thesis also addresses the attitudes towards and challenges of the newly adopted “Policy for small-scale fisheries in South Africa” of the fishing community of Kalk Bay. The evidence suggests that although small-scale fishers are now included, there are still notable challenges that could derail its successful implementation. A key challenge is the uncertainty by any parties about the quantity and value of marine resources to be allocated to the small-scale sector. It is unclear how much, if any, of the allocation is coming from the large scale industrial sector. This could result in continued challenges to the small-scale sector in terms of being able to access livelihoods and maintain food security.
Montaño, Edgard Manuel Hito. « A formulação da política de segurança alimentar no Peru 2001-2006 : um estudo de caso no departamento de Puno ». Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10382.
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En el Perú una cuarta parte de niños menores de 5 años se encuentran en desnutrición crónica y la evolución de este indicador desde 1996 prácticamente se ha mantenido igual. En el departamento de Puno el problema aún es mayor por sus condicionantes socio-económicas y políticas. Después del ajuste estructural provocado por los cambios del sistema económico, la mitad de la población peruana, pasó al estado de pobreza y una cuarta parte a la extrema pobreza; siendo afectado el acceso a los alimentos por parte de las familias peruanas, es aquí donde la política alimentaria formó parte del programa. En el periodo del gobierno de Alberto Fujimori y Alejandro Toledo se incrementó el financiamiento en programas alimentarios, trabajándose aún innovaciones en la gestión de estos programas. Producto de esta realidad social, el Perú se encuentra en la inseguridad alimentaria. Pese a las iniciativas y esfuerzos realizados por el estado peruano por disminuir la inseguridad alimentaria se observa aún instituciones públicas y privadas en la yuxtaposición de implementación de políticas alimentarias. El objetivo de la investigación fue describir y analizar el proceso de formulación de las políticas de seguridad alimentaría en el departamento de Puno – Perú durante el periodo 2001 al 2006. Utilizamos el enfoque teórico - metodológico del ciclo de la política enfatizando sobre el modelo de las ―múltiples corrientes‖. Este estudio de caso utilizó la revisión documental y las entrevistas en profundidad aplicadas a los ―informantes clave‖. Estas informaciones fueron procesadas, descritas y analizados para caracterizar el contexto nacional y regional; obtener las racionalidades de los actores en el proceso de formulación de la política de seguridad alimentaria; así como identificar a los emprendedores políticos que facilitó la reconstrucción del momento de predecisión, decisión y la apertura de la ―ventana política o de oportunidad‖ que condujo a la formulación de la Estrategia Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria 2004-2015 y la Estrategia Regional de Seguridad Alimentaria – Puno 2006-2015. Constatamos que estas políticas aún tienen dificultad para implementarse, existiendo vacío de responsabilidades y articulación con los planes sectoriales, a pesar de haber obtenido apoyo general de la comunidad política para su formulación. Observándose que el gobierno de Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006) promovió el dialogo y la negociación con la sociedad civil, todavía insuficiente para el enfrentamiento de la inseguridad alimentaria.
Salvador
Sousa, Marcos AurÃlio Macedo de. « Vozes e Documentos na ArticulaÃÃo CrÃtico-HermenÃutica do Bolsa FamÃlia com o Direito Humano e Social à AlimentaÃÃo ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11964.
Texte intégralNo contexto da configuraÃÃo polÃtica do direito humano e social à alimentaÃÃo no Brasil, buscamos neste estudo compreender interesses, valoraÃÃes e juÃzos presentes nas vozes de beneficiÃrias do Bolsa FamÃlia e nos textos oficiais desse programa (BF) â reconhecido como um dos mais abrangentes em matÃria de transferÃncia direta e condicionada de renda com foco na pobreza. A metodologia inscreve-se na tradiÃÃo da pesquisa qualitativa em saÃde, fundada em uma abordagem reflexiva e dialÃtica entrelaÃada com a hermenÃutica filosÃfica. Com base em entrevistas dialÃgicas junto a doze beneficiÃrias selecionadas conforme critÃrios baseados na moda da distribuiÃÃo das famÃlias inscritas em Sobral-CE â gÃnero: feminino, idade: 30-39 anos e dois filhos > 18 anos â, foram analisados criticamente discursos e prÃxis relacionados ao BF, tomando-os como dimensÃes do debate acerca dos objetivos prioritÃrios para definiÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de alimentaÃÃo e nutriÃÃo. A partir das fontes documentais consultadas e das experiÃncias apreendidas no campo investigativo à interrogada a contribuiÃÃo atribuÃda ao BF na induÃÃo da trajetÃria oblÃqua da acomodaÃÃo sob a Ãgide da funcionalizaÃÃo da pobreza. TambÃm à questionada a aproximaÃÃo da mesma iniciativa estatal com a perspectiva de autonomia (financeira) sustentada, coerente com a premissa do capital humano ao prescrever a formataÃÃo de condutas orientadas por prÃxis higienistas de cuidado em saÃde e de pedagogia empreendedora, tendentes a reduzir a pessoa humana a um bem de capital. ConstruÃmos uma rede interpretativa constituÃda por eixos temÃticos estruturados em dimensÃes analÃticas desdobradas em categorias empÃricas. No cenÃrio investigado, verificamos a singularidade moral das categorias liberdade e empregabilidade para as titulares do cartÃo do BF e, por outro lado, a materializaÃÃo da lealdade como vÃnculo obrigacional forte e tenso na perspectiva da permanÃncia da hegemonia polÃtica do agente patrocinador sobre os beneficiÃrios, que devem obediÃncia e explicaÃÃes para fazer jus à transferÃncia regular de renda, tendendo por isso a assumir posiÃÃes polÃticas conservadoras. Adicionalmente, com esteio nas condicionalidades, esses sujeitos se revelam passÃveis de investimento e controle estatal sobre seus corpos e esferas das suas vidas privadas. A produÃÃo subjetiva apreendida nessa tese desvela a falsa dicotomia acomodaÃÃo/autonomia, apontando antes para comportamentos estereotipados e, sobretudo, ambÃguos, de modo a tornar insubsistente a reduÃÃo da complexidade de tais fenÃmenos a uma ou outra polaridade, e, nesse sentido, contraindicando argumentos de natureza maniqueÃstas ou qualquer abordagem linear que, notadamente por negligencia à dialÃtica dos processos simbÃlicos, exclua as contradiÃÃes e os paradoxos inerentes ao programa em questÃo.
In the context of the political configuration of the human and social right to food in Brazil, this study sought to understand interests, valuations and judgments present in the voices of beneficiaries of Bolsa Familia and the official texts of this program (PBF) - recognized as one of the most comprehensive programs in terms of direct and conditioned income transfer focusing on poverty. The methodology follows the tradition of qualitative health, based on a reflective and dialectical approach intertwined with the philosophical hermeneutics. Underpinned by dialogic interviews with twelve beneficiaries selected according to criteria based on the mode of the distribution of families enrolled in Sobral-CE â gender: female, age: 30-39 years and two children > 18 years old â were critically analyzed the discourses and praxis related the PBF, taking them as dimensions of the debate about the overriding objectives for setting of public policies regarding food and nutrition. From the documented sources consulted and the experiences learned in the investigative field is interrogated the contribution attributed to PBF in the induction of slant range of accommodation under the aegis of functionalization of poverty. It is also questioned the approach of the same state initiative with the prospect of (financial) autonomy sustained, consistent with the premise of human capital when prescribing the organization of behaviors driven by hygienist praxis concerning health care and entrepreneurial pedagogy, which tend to reduce the human being person to a capital asset. We have built a interpretative network consisting of thematic axis structured according to analytical dimensions split into empirical categories. In the scenario investigated, we have verified in one hand the moral uniqueness of the categories freedom and employability for the PBF cardholders. And on the other hand, the embodiment of loyalty as a strong and tense obligation bond in the view of the permanence of sponsoring agentsâ political hegemony towards the beneficiaries, who owe obedience and explanations to justify the regular income transfers, tending thus to assume conservative political positions. Additionally, with the conditionality mainstays, those subjects turn out to be liable for investment and state control over their bodies and areas of their private lives. The subjective production apprehended in this thesis reveals the false dichotomy accommodation/ autonomy, pointing then to stereotyped behaviors and especially ambiguous, so as to make ineffectual the reducing of the complexity of such phenomena to either one or the other polarity, and in this sense contraindicating arguments of Manichean view or any linear approach that notably due to negligence towards the dialectic of symbolic processes, exclude the contradictions and inherent paradoxes in the program in question.
Oparinde, Adewale Olubukola. « Impact of asset and income shocks on rural livelihoods and food security : the case of avian influenza outbreak and its control policies in Nigeria ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609558.
Texte intégralSouza, Rodrigo Mendonça de. « Os incentivos fiscais como mecanismo de desenvolvimento das políticas agrícolas : a utilização dos benefícios fiscais no fomento à produção agropecuária e a garantia da segurança alimentar ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154267.
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Neste trabalho analisamos a dinâmica que as políticas públicas possuem sobre a atividade produtiva no campo. Buscamos compreender o potencial que as medidas de fomento, sejam elas tributárias ou creditícias, têm no estímulo da produção agropecuária em nosso país. O Brasil possui extensa área agricultável e, desde a sua formação aproveitou-se de tais condições participando como protagonista em quase todos os grandes ciclos de commodities agrícolas ocorridos na história recente do mundo. Atualmente figura como grande exportador de diversos gêneros agrícolas, sendo por conseguinte peça chave na segurança alimentar global. Ocorre, porém, que, conforme discutido neste trabalho, o impulso em se tornar uma plataforma de exportações deve ser empreendido com planejamento, de modo que tal ímpeto não resulte em reduzir a disponibilidade de alimentos para o mercado interno. Ademais, é imprescindível que os responsáveis pelas políticas públicas estejam atentos ao desenvolvimento de políticas indutoras, de modo a resguardar o equilíbrio produtivo no campo, evitando os processos de substituição de culturas que vêm afetando os níveis de produção de alguns gêneros alimentícios no país. Procuramos descrever o nexo causal entre queda de áreas de cultivo e de disponibilidade per capta de alguns produtos e a evolução de seus preços ao consumidor, resultando por meio deste processo em uma significativa fonte de instabilidade econômica e social no país. Neste contexto de desafios, procuramos lançar luz ao potencial que a política tributária possui no desenvolvimento de uma política agrícola progressista e alinhada aos interesses nacionais. Através da fundamentação de uma boa política agrícola seremos capazes de produzir alimentos em quantidade e qualidade suficientes para atender a demanda interna e, também, sermos capazes de atuar no mercado agrícola internacional, gerando empregos e renda no país.
In this paper we analyze the dynamics that public policies have about productive activity in the countryside. We seek to understand the potential that the fomentation measures, be they taxes or credit, have in the stimulus of agricultural production in our country. Brazil has extensive arable land and since its formation has taken advantage of such conditions participating as protagonist in almost all major cycles of agricultural commodities occurred in the recent history of the world. Today it is a major exporter of various agricultural products and is therefore a key player in global food security. However, as discussed in this paper, the drive to become an export platform should be undertaken with planning, so that such momentum does not result in reducing the availability of food for the domestic market. In addition, it is imperative that those in charge of public policies be attentive to the development of inductive policies, in order to safeguard the productive balance in the field, avoiding the processes of substitution of cultures that are affecting the levels of production of some foodstuffs in the country. We attempt to describe the causal link between the decline in cultivation areas and the availability per capita of some products and the evolution of their prices to the consumer, resulting in this process as a significant source of economic and social instability in the country. In this context of challenges, we seek to shed light on the potential of tax policy in the development of a progressive agricultural policy aligned with national interests. Through the foundation of a good agricultural policy we will be able to produce food in sufficient quantity and quality to meet domestic demand and also be able to act in the international agricultural market, generating jobs and income in the country.
EL, ZMETER MIRIAM. « Indice di sostenibilità e resilienza dei sistemi agroalimentari ; Paese di analisi : Libano ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/93658.
Texte intégralFood resilience, definition approved worldwide as a result of many studies analyzing this topic, is the “capacity over time of a food system and its units at multiple levels, to provide sufficient, appropriate and accessible food to all, in the face of various and even unforeseen disturbances”1; In Lebanon, the resilience and sustainability of the agricultural and food system have always been questionable. In a volatile region with fragile governance policies and institutions, trade distortion, and low food quality, among many other factors, the resilience and the sustainability of the agricultural and food system are worth the attention. This study will analyze the impact of these systems on food resilience and sustainability, focusing on 7 sub-pillars of the agricultural and food system in Lebanon: (1) Economic, (2) Social, (3) Governance, (4) Institutions, (5) Environmental Practices, (6) Food Safety and Nutrition and (7) Natural resources; merged under three capitals: (1) Socio- Economic Capital, (2) Governance and Institutions Capital and (3) Environmental Practices, Food Safety and Nutrition and Natural Resources Capital. For each pillar, a set of indicators will be analyzed and a list of recommendations and planning will be presented to the ministries accordingly. The interlinks between all these pillars/capitals will portray the ultimate link between all components of the agricultural and food system, and how an ideal performance requires attention to many indicators. Many aspects missed from international indexes, such as the GFSI (Global Food Security Index) and the Food Sustainability Index, will be added to the index we will be designing. In addition, a comparative analysis will be done using the index before and after the Syrian crisis in order to test the capacity of this index to anticipate coping mechanisms and to understand how the system works when affected by a shock. The index created will be used to track the status each year and is not of a one-off use. The index for Lebanon, after applying the framework of analysis, is between 0.25 and 0.5, indicating that the country is performing inadequately and is highly at risk if no interventions take place, and will continue to perform this way in the face of a new shock. This supports the conclusion that the food system in Lebanon is not resilient, and that the food security and safety of people in Lebanon is at risk, which overtime might lead to the ultimate consequence – hunger.
Henriksen, Helene Elvira Berg. « Big Goals - Small Island : Will Fiji achieve sustainable food security ? : Comparing the plans and policies built by the Fijian government under the Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353071.
Texte intégralAndrade, Fernando Rabello Paes de 1983. « O programa de aquisição de alimentos (PAA) nos assentamentos rurais de Araras/SP ». [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256803.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa tem como problema central a operacionalização do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) nos assentamentos rurais da reforma agrária. Os índices de (in)segurança alimentar no Brasil, medidos pela Escala Brasileira de (In)Segurança Alimentar (EBIA), diferem entre as áreas urbanas e as áreas rurais, sendo mais alto ou seja, maiores índices de insegurança alimentar, nessas últimas, em especial nas áreas de assentamentos. Torna-se, portanto, pertinente avaliar uma política pública relacionada aos agricultores familiares que possui aspectos de política agrícola e de segurança alimentar, podendo representar um avanço em termos da qualidade de vida das famílias assentadas. Para tanto, foi analisado o PAA nos assentamentos rurais de Araras/SP (áreas I, II e III) através das mudanças impulsionadas pela implementação desse programa no que se refere, principalmente, aos sistemas de produção agropecuários, à segurança alimentar e à organização social das famílias assentadas. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram utilizados dois instrumentos, a saber, um questionário semiestruturado e entrevistas orais com auxílio de roteiro previamente elaborado pelo pesquisador. Podem-se destacar como principais resultados da pesquisa a percepção dos impactos do PAA nos assentamentos rurais de Araras/SP e também os limites ao desenvolvimento do programa, que vão desde problemas estruturais dos assentamentos, passando pela ausência de um serviço de Ater comprometido, pela gestão fechada à participação por parte da organização responsável pela operacionalização do programa, até a falta de planejamento dos sistemas de produção agropecuários. É preciso instituir um mecanismo efetivo de controle social do PAA afim de garantir o caráter público e inclusivo do programa, especialmente para os agricultores assentados que produzem menos e apresentam menor renda. É necessário também que haja um planejamento para o desenvolvimento do PAA em Araras de forma que contemple os objetivos do programa, que promova a autonomia dos agricultores sobre seus sistemas e produção agropecuários e que garanta a participação deles nas instâncias decisórias
Abstract: The central problem of this research is the operationalization of Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in rural settlements in Brazil. The food (in)security index in Brazil, measured by Brazilian Scale of Food (In)Security (EBIA), differs between urban and rural areas. This index is higher in rural areas, particularly in rural settlements. It is therefore pertinent to evaluate this public policy related to family farmers which have aspects of both agricultural and food security policies. PAA may represent a step forward in terms of the settled families' quality of life. In this research, PAA was analyzed in rural settlements in the municipality of Araras (areas I, II and III) through changes pushed by the implementation of this program regarding mainly to farming systems, food security and social organization of families settled. Two instruments were used for the development of the research: a semi-structured questionnaire and oral interviews (using scripts previously constructed by the researcher). The main results of the research are the perception of the impacts of PAA in the rural settlements of the municipality of Araras and also the limits of the development of the program, ranging from structural problems of the areas, through the absence of a committed service of technical assistance, the program management that is closed to the participation of the family farmers, until the lack of planning of agricultural production systems. It is necessary to establish an effective mechanism of social control of PAA in order to the public and inclusive nature of the program, especially for settled families who produce less and have lower incomes. Is it also necessary to have a plan for the development of PAA in the municipality of Araras in a way that reach the program's objectives, promotes de autonomy of the farmers on their agricultural production systems and ensure the participation of them in decision-making
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
Cordero, Claudia Carola Rios. « Evolução do conceito de Segurança nas Relações Internacionais : uma análise das políticas de Segurança Alimentar Caso Bolívia ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-06012014-124153/.
Texte intégralSecurity has always been a topic of great interest to the nations, to the great leaders of governments and academics who witnessed the changes in the international system over time. These changes impacted on transformation in the concept of security that accompanied the international context, creating a theoretical debate around the concept. After the Cold War, realism was in crisis, demanding a change in the concept that today is related to the individual and the threats that become international problems, and that transcend borders. Human Security is a response from UNDP to the new international agenda, including non-state threats to international security. Within these threats are present environmental issues, epidemics, unemployment, hunger, drug trafficking, terrorism, migration, ethnic conflicts, human rights violations, among others. There are seven dimensions in which it attempts to classify every threat to the individual. One dimension of Human Security is the Food Security, which seeks to ensure access, availability and use of a stable food in time. Based on this, this paper will focus on the conditions and the theoretical debates during the Cold War, which led to the development of the concept of Human Security and additionally Food Security. Moreover, in this dissertation, we use the analysis of a case study of a specific country, Bolivia, to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the impact and efficiency of Food Security policies implemented in the last decade.
Rigon, Silvia do Amaral. « A construção de políticas públicas promotoras de saúde : um estudo de caso sobre a Política de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional do Paraná ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-17052012-112530/.
Texte intégralThe development of health promoting policies is a challenging theme for our times. The main difficulty to achieve the necessary advances in this area lies on the comprehension of social determinants of health-disease processes and how to face them, based on a set of strategies which transcend the health sector. In this context, this research highlights the problem of food and nutrition insecurity which, in developing countries such as Brazil, is revealed by the coexistence of overweight and obesity with malnutrition and nutrient-deficiency diseases a portrait of social inequality and poor living conditions within an agri-food system which is based on the commodification of food, the valuing of industrialized agriculture, and the neglect of traditional food practices. Such a set of issues requires the development of public policies for Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) which are intersectoral and committed to ensuring the human right to adequate and healthy food. Based on Federal Law N. o 11.346 enacted in 2006, which established the National System of Food and Nutrition Security in Brazil, the federal states began the process of developing their policies. The objective of the present study was to analyze the process of developing the Food and Nutrition Security Policy in the state of Paraná between 2003 and 2010 identifying major advances, existing difficulties and challenges, and the State-civil society relationship in building the intersectoral collaboration needed for an effective process. This qualitative research, which also used a social constructionist perspective, was done through 22 key informant interviews conducted with selected individuals from the government and civil society. Supplementary information was derived from document analysis conducted on materials produced by government and civil society. The organization of data for the process analysis was based on the steps of the public policy cycle, and its interpretation was based on the multi-causal approach, considering the cognitive approach as one of the main references used for unveiling the development of the referred policy. The results of this research indicated that during the period studied, in Parana, Food and Nutrition Security programs were developed by both the federal and the state governments. Some of those programs included intersectoral management. However, the more decisive advances in the construction and approval of legal frameworks for the establishment of the State System of Food and Nutrition Security with a more integrative and structural perspective needed for the advance of an intersectoral process, these were initiatives originated with the State Council for Food and Nutrition Security (CONSEA-PR), working together with some progressive sectors of the state government and the State Parliamentary Front for Food and Nutrition Security. The achievement of such a breakthrough due to all the mobilization and coordination process from CONSEA-PR, which has most of its members from civil society, is a demonstration of the outstanding contributions that can be driven by civil society into the government level, opening a more transformative perspective of the State-society relationship toward the achievement of the human right to adequate food and, hence, health promotion
Costa, Maria Cecilia Oliveira da. « O Conselho de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional do estado do Ceará : um estudo de caso ». Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4842.
Texte intégralThe Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) is a human right legally recognized in Brazil by the Organic Law of Food and Nutrition Security. Since it passed in 2006, it allows the FNS councils to suggest directories for public policies associated to the society and to the government granting this right to all citizens. This paper characterizes the Food and Nutrition Security Council of the State of Ceará (CONSEA/CE) during two terms of office between 2003 and 2007. This places the council as a strategic space for planning integrated policies in FNS. The main objective was grasp the role of the CONSEA/CE in creating a state policy of FNS and its consolidation as a tool for converging many different opinions represented by government and the people. Therefore a case study was developed with qualitative approach, which was essentially descriptive. The population studied was composed of 17 councilors, five representatives of government and twelve citizens, with which semi-structured interviewed were conducted. Also, a documentary research was carried out with meeting minutes, related legislation at all state levels and the reports of national and state FNS conferences. Furthermore, a direct observation was done to understand the functioning dynamics of the CONSEA/CE. According to the investigation, this Council represents a manner for citizens to participate, by trying to coordinate the policies of different sectors of government and itself with the society. However, its greatest challenge is the fragility of the low institutionalization of the state policies of FNS.
Conti, Irio Luiz. « Organizações sociais e políticas públicas : inserção da Fetraf-Sul nas políticas públicas de segurança alimentar e nutricional ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150487.
Texte intégralThe overall objective of this thesis was to comprehend the changes that occurred within social organizations of family farming, as Fetraf-Sul, due to its participation in formulating and implementing public policies for food and nutrition security (SAN). In order to accomplish this goal, theoretical approaches of Contentious Politics and Actor Perspective were used. The investigation was characterized as a case study and it favored a qualitative approach, supported by a quantitative approach. Two units of analysis were chosen, one in Brasília, in the Federal District, and another one in Constantina municipality, in Rio Grande do Sul. Semi-structured interviews were the main technique used for data collecting, through 63 keyinformants, complemented by a field diary, participant observation and secondary data collection from public institutions records, entities and organizations. The background thesis of this research is that the definition of forms of organizations and action, movement strategies, social organizations is, partly, structured based on how the relationship between actors and political-administrative institutions is built. These forms can be explained, in some measure, because of its relational insertion in which the relationship with the State is central. In this sense, the change of relations based chiefly on confrontation to relations based chiefly on conflicting cooperation has provided and, sometimes, demanded important changes in the organization and action of Fetraf-Sul. The main results of the investigation were organized into five conclusions The first one is that the analysis of the insertion of Fetraf-Sul in public policies led to a theoretical result shown in the arrangement of a new pattern of relationship between the State and social movements and organizations, specially expressed in the cooperation to develop public policies and their qualified implementation in social organizations. The second one emphasizes that Fetraf-Sul took political opportunities that were present in many areas in order to build public policies which, based on cooperative relations with the State, became effective and contributed to improve the life of family farmers. The third one is that rural unionism and food and nutrition security have been constituted through trajectories and tight relations with each other and the State. This, largely, keeps adopting sectorial public policies in rural areas and submits social organizations to the same implementation. The fourth one states that, despite diverse initiatives incremented by Fetraf-Sul and its affiliated organizations in public policies, mostly by women farmers, SAN has not been constituted with political priority in its agenda, not even has received special attention by union structures. Furthermore, since 2012 cooperation in the policies of SAN has weakened in the two levels of government and has become more conflicting, mainly because of the changes in the operationalization of PAA in the federal and governmental scope of Constantina The fifth one shows that changes have occurred in the professionalization of managers and technical staff, in making formation processes into qualification projects, in the moderation of the discourse of Fetraf, in the expansion of its organizational structures and in the development of specific organizations for the purpose of responding to new demands resulting from its insertion in the formulation and implementation of public policies.
Feuerbacher, Arndt. « Economy-wide Modelling of Seasonal Labour and Natural Resource Policies ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19825.
Texte intégralUsing an economy-wide modelling approach, this dissertation investigates methodological and empirical research questions related to seasonal labour markets and natural resource policies. The Kingdom of Bhutan, located in the south-eastern Himalayas, serves as a case study. The methodological research objective of this thesis is to gain an understanding of the relevance of seasonal labour markets in the context of economy-wide modelling. The depiction of seasonal labour markets at national scale using a seasonal social accounting matrix (SAM) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) model presents a novel development within the literature. It is demonstrated, that the absence of seasonal labour markets leads to systematic bias of model results. The consequences are distorted supply responses and biased welfare effects, underlining the pivotal implications of seasonality for economy-wide analysis in the context of agrarian economies, particularly for scenario analysis involving structural changes and agricultural policy interventions. The empirical research objective addresses the interdependence of natural resource policies with objectives of environmental conservation and rural development. Employing modelling techniques, three studies focus on specific agricultural and forest policy scenarios in Bhutan. Simulating Bhutan’s ambitious policy objective to convert to 100% organic agriculture demonstrates substantial welfare losses and adverse impacts on food security, causing trade-offs with objectives of rural development and food self-sufficiency. Analysing forest policy reforms shows that increased forest utilization contributes to economic development, particularly in rural areas, without jeopardizing the country’s forest conservation agenda. The dissertation points at numerous areas of future research, as for example the incorporation of ecosystem services, which is identified as one key limitation of economy-wide analysis of natural resource policies.
Blümke, Adriane Cervi. « O cotidiano de quem vive a realidade da fome : práticas alimentares e estratégias de acesso aos alimentos ». Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6214.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender o fenômeno da fome a partir do ponto de vista de atores sociais que a vivenciam no seu cotidiano. Partimos do pressuposto de que a fome, concebida por Josué de Castro, ainda é um dos grandes dilemas sociais do Brasil e uma condição de iniquidade num contexto de privação das capacidades humanas, conforme sugerem John Rawls e Amartya Sen. A alimentação além de ser um direito humano é também um ato cotidiano permeado pela cultura, onde no urbano sofre influência de uma série de fatores. Foi realizado um estudo sócio antropológico de fevereiro a maio de 2016 com famílias que vivem o cotidiano da fome na comunidade Alto da Boa Vista localizada no bairro Nova Santa Marta no município de Santa Maria, RS. Foram utilizadas entrevistas guiadas por um roteiro e anotações em diário de campo, sendo o processo analítico conduzido pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo proposta por Laurence Bardin. Os principais achados mostram que a fome vivida e sentida corrói aos poucos o corpo e a alma dos sujeitos, é fruto de uma expressão corporal da necessidade fisiológica quantitativa de alimentos que provoca a sensação de vazio e de dor física, gera sentimento de incapacidade, provoca tristeza e grande preocupação com a incerteza do amanhã. Outro resultado é o habitus da escassez devido a precariedade da alimentação, o número restrito de refeições e a ausência do desjejum pela falta do pão. As famílias desenvolvem ajustes alimentares para conviver com a fome tal como praticar o café-almoço ou almoço-café, tomar água ou chimarrão quando estão com fome, comer pouco para sobrar para a próxima refeição ou para as crianças. Em relação às estratégias de acesso a mais identificada foi a solidariedade a partir do estabelecimento de uma rede de apoio e de ajuda alimentar de amigos, vizinhos e familiares. É necessário aumentar nossa capacidade de análise em relação ao problema da fome, bem como, quanto às políticas públicas de alimentação e nutrição e de segurança alimentar e nutricional que possuem alcance limitado para as famílias que realmente precisam com um discurso que privilegia as políticas neoliberais em detrimento do acesso equitativo aos alimentos, o qual continua sendo um grande desafio ético, político e econômico a ser enfrentado.
The objective of this study was to understand the hunger phenomenom from the perspective of social actors that experience it in their everyday lives. We started from the assumption that hunger, conceived by Josué de Castro, is still one of the greatest social dilemmas in Brazil and a condition of iniquity in a context of deprivation of human capabilities, as John Rawls and Amartya Sen suggest. The food besides being a human right is also a daily act permeated by the culture that, in the urban is influenced by a series of factors. A social anthropological study was conducted of February to May 2016 with families that experience hunger on a daily basis, in the Alto da Boa Vista community, located in the Nova Santa Marta neighborhood in the city of Santa Maria, RS. We used script-guided interviews and field notes on daily, being the analytical process was conducted through the Content Analysis technique proposed by Laurence. The major findings show that the hunger experienced and felt slowly corrodes the individuals' body and soul, it is consequence of a body expression of the quantitative physiological need of food that causes a feeling of emptiness and physical pain, it generates a feeling of incapacity, it causes sadness and great concern about the uncertainty of tomorrow. Another find is the habitus shortage due to the precariousness of food, the restrict number of meals and the absence of breakfast caused by the lack of bread. The families develop dietary adjustments to live with the hunger, such as practicing the brunch or lunch/afternoon snack, drinking water or "chimarrão" tea when they are hungry, eating less so that there is food left for the next meal or for the children. Among the strategies of access, the most identified was the solidarity with the establishment of a support network and food aid from friends, neighbors and relatives. It is necessary to increase our analysis capacity in relation to the hunger problem as well as, public policies food and nutrition and food and nutrition safety which have a limited scope for families that really need a speech that privileges the neoliberal policies to the detriment of equitable access to food, which continues to be a big ethical, political and economic challenge to be faced.
Santos, Adriana Correia dos. « Diagnóstico situacional e proposta para a implementação do Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional em São Cristóvão, Sergipe ». Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/8803.
Texte intégralThis study aims to diagnose the situation of SAN in the city of São Cristóvão, Sergipe, and propose the implementation of the Food and Nutrition Security System. A cross-sectional, observational study with qualitative and quantitative research techniques was carried out. The research was carried out in two phases. The first phase consisted in the accomplishment of the situational diagnosis of the municipality based on the collection of primary and secondary data. For the secondary data, information was collected on socioeconomic and demographic indicators of the municipality, as well as the indicators related to the SAN issue. The primary data were obtained through a structured form with the municipal managers on existing programs and actions in São Cristóvão, a survey of the components necessary for the implementation of SISAN. Recorded interviews were carried out mediated by a semi-structured script with the municipal managers and municipal councilors of SAN of São Cristóvão to identify the perception about SAN, SISAN and potentialities and difficulties existent for the operationalization of the actions and programs of Nutritional Food Security. The second phase consisted of the elaboration of recommendations for the implementation of SISAN in the municipality based on the situational diagnosis. The analysis of qualitative data was performed through content analysis. For the quantitative analyzes, descriptive statistics (frequency, measures of central tendency and dispersion) were used according to the nature of each variable of the study. There were 3 managers and 12 advisers. The municipality presented an important economic and population growth. SAN indicators revealed that food production is focused on monoculture, access to the general sewage network by the population is precarious, there is a high prevalence of malnutrition and overweight in its population, as well as a high income, unemployment and income discrepancy. poverty. The municipality mainly presents assistance programs and actions and specific actions for the generation of income and strengthening of family agriculture. Of the components required for membership in SISAN there is the established and active SAN Council. The perception of managers and advisors about SAN and SISAN is limited. The main factors that facilitate the implementation of SAN actions and programs reported by the municipal managers were the articulation between the secretariats, the management commitment, and the main difficulties were the limited knowledge of the secretariats and population on the subject, reduced staff, lack of social participation and diagnosis. It is noticed the need to create public policies and actions aimed at guaranteeing the SAN of the population with the incorporation of intersectoriality in all stages of the cycle.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo diagnosticar a situação de SAN do município de São Cristóvão, Sergipe, e propor recomendações para a implementação do Sistema de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Realizou-se um estudo com delineamento transversal, do tipo observacional com técnicas de investigação qualitativa e quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas fases. A primeira fase consistiu na realização do diagnóstico situacional do município com base na coleta de dados primários e secundários. Para os dados secundários foram levantadas informações sobre indicadores socioeconômicos e demográficos do município, bem como os indicadores relacionados ao tema de SAN. Os dados primários foram obtidos através de formulário estruturado com os gestores municipais sobre programas e ações existentes em São Cristóvão, levantamento dos componentes necessários à implementação do SISAN. Foram realizadas entrevistas gravadas mediadas por um roteiro semiestruturado com os gestores municipais e conselheiros municipais de SAN de São Cristóvão para identificar a percepção sobre SAN, SISAN e potencialidades e dificuldades existentes para a operacionalização das ações e programas de Segurança Alimentar de Nutricional. A segunda fase consistiu na elaboração de recomendações para a implementação do SISAN no município com base no diagnóstico situacional. A análise dos dados qualitativos foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo. Para as análises quantitativas, utilizou-se estatística descritiva (frequência, medidas de tendência central e dispersão) de acordo com a natureza de cada variável do estudo. Participaram 3 gestores e 12 conselheiros. O município apresentou um importante crescimento econômico e populacional. Os indicadores de SAN revelaram que a produção de alimentos é voltada para a monocultura, o acesso à rede geral de esgoto pela população é precário, há elevada prevalência de desnutrição e excesso de peso na sua população, além de elevada discrepância de renda, desemprego e pobreza. O município apresenta principalmente programas e ações assistencialistas e ações pontuais para a geração de renda e fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Dos componentes necessários para a adesão ao SISAN há o Conselho de SAN instituído e ativo. A percepção dos gestores e conselheiros sobre SAN e SISAN é limitada. Os principais fatores que facilitam a execução das ações e programas de SAN relatados pelos gestores municipais foram a articulação entre as secretarias, o comprometimento da gestão, e as principais dificuldades foram o conhecimento limitado das secretarias e população sobre o tema, equipe reduzida, falta de participação social e de diagnóstico. Percebe-se a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas e ações voltadas à garantia da SAN da população com a incorporação da intersetorialidade em todos as etapas do ciclo.
São Cristóvão, SE
Ribeiro, Silvana Maria. « O processo de construção do Plano de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional no município de São Paulo/SP : participação e intersetorialidade na elaboração de uma política pública local promotora de saúde ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-04052018-103418/.
Texte intégralFood and Nutrition Security (FNS) is a policy that is still under construction in the country and abroad. In Brazil, the National Food and Nutrition Security Plan is the main instrument for the planning, management, and execution of this policy. This plan seeks to overcome major challenges through initiatives that reach priority goals to achieve its strategic objectives, allowing the progressive conquest of the Human Right to Adequate Food. In the municipal context, the year of 2016 was marked by some advances, among them the publication of the Municipal Plan of Food and Nutrition Security of São Paulo (PLAMSAN 2016-2020). This case study investigated, systematized and analyzed the elaborating process of the First Food and Nutrition Security Plan of the largest metropolis in the country, from the viewpoint of social participation and intersectoriality, principles established by Health Promotion. The participatory qualitative research was based on the triangulation of methods, involving the following techniques: participant observation, interview with a key-informant, construction of a logical model, as well as other techniques that emerged during the investigation, such as the case of mapping and diagnosis of FSN actions in the Butantã region, considered as a counterpart of the research. It was verified that social participation was one of the mechanisms used to involve government and population, aiming at establishing of commitments focus on the consolidating the FSN as a public policy promoting health. The intersectoriality occurred due to the intersectoral composition of the Intersecretarial Chamber of Food and Nutrition Security (CAISAN Municipal), involving seven municipal secretariats, in addition to the efforts of those who led the process as the members of the Municipal Council of Food and Nutrition Security of São Paulo (COMUSAN). The local proposals were considered in the PLAMSAN due to administrative and political actions decentralization, taking into account the realities of the city\'s territories. The two principles of Health Promotion and Food and Nutrition Security, social participation and intersectoriality, were presented in all stages of the preparation of PLAMSAN. The process has proved to be successful and can be replicated in any city in the world, especially in educational processes aimed at the formation of social actors and public agents involved in the elaboration of healthy public policies.
Couto, Ebenezer Pereira. « Manejo de estoques e seguran?a alimentar : repensando estrat?gias (1965-1998) ». Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2000. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1254.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES
Our intention in this thesis was rethinking the limits, advance and regression of the intervention of State in the agricultural commercialization, particularly in terms of the effectiveness of handling food supplies by the public instance that intervenes, forging conditions of order and liquidity in commodities markets. In Brazil, the handling of public stores coincided with the Guaranteed Minimum Prices Policy (PGPM) that historically was subordinated to diverse objectives than others related to the regulated stabilization of markets. We focus in special the period mediated by the years of 1965 and 1998, with emphasis in the approval of a new set of ordering rules for the (non retail) markets, a strengthening element for the better arbitration of the public manager in the regulation of the agricultural markets in the country. Contradictorily, however, such potential of intervention chocked with the fiscal crisis of the Brazilian State and in the financial pressure deterioration of the system, besides of the macroeconomic scenario of great exposure of the Brazilian economy to the international market in 90th years. Particularly after the implantation of the Real Plan, the strategy of an economic policy referred to circumstantial external market prices, appropriated by means of key-parameter of the agricultural and commercial policies, was too dangerous. Lacking consistent rules to order the commercialization, the proper public performance tended to aggravate the market instability making impracticable, by this means, the coordination of the interchange as a basis for the regulated stability of food prices. In truth, such stability could constitute one of the elements to improve consistent policies of food security, especially in an asymmetric reality like that one of Brazil, where the public institutionality with stores traditionally lacked any explicit correlation with so urgent theme.
Nosso intuito neste trabalho de tese foi repensar os limites, avan?o e retrocesso da interven??o do Estado na comercializa??o agr?cola, particularmente quanto ? efetividade do manejo de estoques de alimentos pela inst?ncia p?blica que interv?m, forjando condi??es de ordem e liquidez nos mercados de commodities. No Brasil, o manejo de estoques p?blicos coincidiu com a Pol?tica de Garantia de Pre?os M?nimos (PGPM), pol?tica esta que historicamente foi subordinada a objetivos outros que os da estabiliza??o regulada de mercados. Focalizamos em especial o per?odo mediado pelos anos de 1965 e 1998, com ?nfase na aprova??o de novo conjunto de regras ordenadoras dos mercados de atacado, que representou um elemento de potencializa??o da arbitragem do gestor p?blico na regula??o dos mercados agr?colas no pa?s. Contraditoriamente, por?m, tal potencial de interven??o esbarrava na crise fiscal do Estado brasileiro e no agravamento da press?o financeira sobre o sistema, ademais do cen?rio macroecon?mico de maior exposi??o da economia brasileira ao mercado internacional nos anos 90. Particularmente a partir da implanta??o do Plano Real, exacerbaram-se os perigos da estrat?gia de pol?tica econ?mica lastreada na assun??o dos pre?os (circunstanciais) do mercado externo, apropriados como par?metro-chave das pol?ticas agr?cola e comercial. Faltando regras consistentes de ordenamento da comercializa??o, a pr?pria a??o p?blica tendia a agravar a instabilidade de mercado inviabilizando-se, desta forma, a coordena??o do interc?mbio como base da estabilidade regulada de pre?os alimentares. Como sabido, tal estabilidade se constituiria em um dos condicionantes do avan?o de pol?ticas consistentes de seguran?a alimentar, sobretudo em realidades como a brasileira, em que a institucionalidade p?blica com estoques tradicionalmente prescindiu de qualquer correla??o expl?cita com t?o premente quest?o.
Pinto, Jo?o Nuno da Silva. « A constru??o da pol?tica de seguran?a alimentar e nutricional em Angola ». Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/659.
Texte intégralCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The present research analyses the process of construction of the food security policy in Angola from the view of the existing public policies and of the actors involved. Within this process, the formulation of the National Food Security Programme (PNSAN) and the constitution of the Civil Society Network for Food Security in Angola were particularly analysed. The main results of this research show that the introduction of food security in the Angolan agenda happened through the combat to poverty in a context of growing stability, which was possible due to the end of the civil war. The research has also revealed that the construction of this policy is taking on an intersectoral character, following the approach adopted in Brazil, which creates several restrictions and challenges and imposes new institutional arrangements by the government. Moreover, this research has revealed how the articulation of civil society in a food security network can create new perspectives towards increasing social participation in this matter.
A presente pesquisa analisa o processo de constru??o da pol?tica de seguran?a alimentar em Angola do ponto de vista das pol?ticas p?blicas existentes e dos atores envolvidos. No ?mbito desse processo deu-se destaque ? formula??o do Programa Nacional de Seguran?a Alimentar (PNSAN) e ? constitui??o da Rede da Sociedade Civil para a Seguran?a Alimentar em Angola. Os principais resultados da pesquisa mostram que a entrada da seguran?a alimentar na agenda angolana se d? pela via do combate ? pobreza num contexto de crescente estabilidade possibilitado pelo fim da guerra civil. Mostra tamb?m que a constru??o da pol?tica est? assumindo tra?os de intersetorialidade, no encal?o do enfoque adotado pelo Brasil, o que coloca uma s?rie de limites e desafios obrigando o governo a adotar novos arranjos institucionais. Al?m disso, mostra como a articula??o da sociedade numa rede tem?tica de seguran?a alimentar pode abrir novas perspectivas com vista ao aumento da participa??o social nessa mat?ria.
Cabral, Caroline Sousa. « O Programa Bolsa Família como estratégia de superação da insegurança alimentar e nutricional : estudo de coorte realizado em municípios do interior da Paraíba ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4279.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Discussions involving Food and Nutrition Security (SAN) in Brazil has intensified since the beginning of the Lula government. Through the recreation of CONSEA, in 2004 occured the Second National Conference of Food and Nutrition Security. On this occasion, systematized the concept of SAN, which is understood by all citizens access to quality food in sufficient quantity, on a regular and permanent, so that other needs are not compromised by guaranteeing this right respecting cultural diversity, and sustainable from the standpoint of social, environmental and economic. The Bolsa Família Program (PBF) was created under the Fome Zero Strategy, in order to combat hunger and poverty and promote Food and Nutrition Security. This study aims to evaluate the impact of PBF in overcoming the Food Insecurity and Nutrition (IA). It was adopted as a selection criterion in the families interviewed prior survey, in 2005, since they were living in São José dos Ramos and Nova Floresta/PB. Initially 609 households were assessed, however, being withdrawn follow-up losses in 2011 were found and interviewed 406 families. We used Chi-square McNemar to examine longitudinal changes in categorical variables. To analyze continuous variables, comparing the two years, we used paired T Test. It was assumed α ≤ 0.05 for statistical significance. There was an increase of SAN/IA Mild over levels Moderate/Severe. Was diagnosed improvement in indicators that would reflect positively on the economic standard of the respondents, as per capita income, increased coverage and benefit value of PBF. We observed significant improvement in the situation SAN only in households that have managed to overcome poverty, allowing to infer causal relationship between increased income and food security. The situation of SAN/IA Mild increased in families that were included in the PBF in both instances, and in that they failed to receive the benefit later in 2005. The program has a positive impact on increasing income, supporting higher levels of SAN, but not the only factor influencing improvements in the economic profile of this population. During these six years of investment, the program has met its purpose. As increases the income of individuals, contributes to overcoming poverty. The withdrawal of the benefit doesn t corroborate individual is return to economic realities experienced previously, causing increased SAN/IA Mild detriment of Moderate/Severe. In addition, families who remained in the program included both times, have managed to overcome food insecurity with over the years. While that is constituted as a measure in emergency through direct income transfer, the Bolsa Família is a measure that can contribute in reducing poverty and misery in the long run. In combating food insecurity and nutrition, additional policies and programs that act on other determinants.
As discussões envolvendo Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) se intensificaram no Brasil desde o início do governo Lula. Por meio da recriação do CONSEA, realizou-se em 2004 a II Conferência Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Nesta ocasião, sistematizou-se o conceito de SAN, a qual é entendida pelo acesso de todos os cidadãos a alimentos de qualidade, em quantidade suficiente, de maneira regular e permanente, de modo que as demais necessidades não sejam comprometidas pela garantia deste direito, respeitando a diversidade cultural, sendo sustentáveis do ponto de vista social, ambiental e econômico. O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) foi criado no âmbito da Estratégia Fome Zero, no intuito de combater a fome e a miséria e promover a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a o impacto do PBF na superação da Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IA). Adotou-se como critério de seleção as famílias entrevistadas em inquérito prévio, no ano de 2005, desde que estivessem residindo em São José dos Ramos e Nova Floresta/PB. Inicialmente foram avaliados 609 domicílios, porém, sendo retiradas as perdas de seguimento, em 2011 foram encontradas e entrevistadas 406 famílias. Utilizou-se teste qui-quadrado de McNemar para analisar as mudanças longitudinais de variáveis categóricas. Para analisar variáveis contínuas, comparando-se os dois anos, utilizou-se Teste T pareado. Assumiu-se α ≤ 0,05 para significância estatística. Houve aumento da SAN/IA Leve em detrimento dos níveis Moderado/Graves. Diagnosticou-se melhoria nos indicadores que refletissem positivamente no padrão econômico dos entrevistados, como renda per capita, aumento da cobertura e do valor do benefício do PBF. Observou-se melhoria significativa da situação de SAN apenas nos domicílios que conseguiram superar a situação de pobreza, permitindo inferir relação de causalidade entre aumento da renda e a Segurança Alimentar. A situação de SAN/IA Leve aumentou em famílias que eram inclusas no PBF em ambos os momentos, bem como nas que deixaram de receber o benefício posteriormente a 2005. O programa impacta positivamente no aumento da renda, corroborando elevação dos níveis de SAN, porém não é o único fator que influencia em melhorias do perfil econômico desta população. No decorrer destes 6 anos de investimentos, o programa tem cumprido com suas metas. À medida que incrementa a renda dos indivíduos, contribui-se na superação da pobreza. A retirada do benefício não corrobora retorno do indivíduo à realidade econômica vivenciada previamente, ocasionando aumento da SAN/IA Leve em detrimento da IA Moderada/Grave. Além disso, as famílias que permaneceram inclusas no programa em ambos os momentos, têm conseguido superar a Insegurança Alimentar com o decorrer dos anos. Ao mesmo tempo em que se constitui como uma medida em caráter emergencial por meio da transferência direta de renda, o Programa Bolsa Família representa uma medida capaz de contribuir na redução da miséria e pobreza a longo prazo. No combate à Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional, são necessárias outras políticas e programas que ajam nos demais determinantes.
Noronha, Ana Paula. « O acesso dos agricultores familiares prioritários ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) : o caso do município de Capão do Leão, RS ». Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2387.
Texte intégralThe National Program of School Meals (PNAE) developed in Brazil is one of the largests in Latin America, reaching approximately 50 million students, providing at least one meal a day. The program has been developed in the country since 1955 and has suffered modifications with the aim of improving food security and nutrition of schoolchildren; as well as local development, through the strengthening of family agriculture. Since 2009, the Federal law 11.947, requires that the minimum investment of 30% among the financial resources of the program to purchase food must be spent with this social category, prioritizing: agrarian reform settlements, indigenous and Quilombola communities and those with ecological/organic production. This descriptive research, sought to identify the actions developed by public managers from Capão do Leão/RS, for the purchase of food from local and regional farmers. This town was chosen because besides having two land reform settlements, consisting of 36 families, which provide no foodgrade for PNAE; it acquires food produced by farmers with basic ecological production from Pelotas. So, we also understand the social and productive dynamics of these groups in order to identify the reasons that allow the participation of one, while the other cannot access the program. The results show that the social and productive organization of family farmers of ecological basis from Pelotas, which integrate the South Ecological Cooperative and the access to information about the operationalization of the PNAE, are crucial to the participation of these subjects. The factors that restrict the participation of family farmers settled by agrarian reform, which integrate the priority of public food source to PNAE, are: the asymmetry of information between this group and the managers of the municipality and the structural problems that they face. Thus, PNAE in Capão do Leão has not fully reached their goals, especially regarding to the promotion of local development.
O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) desenvolvido no Brasil é um dos maiores da América Latina, atendendo aproximadamente 50 milhões de estudantes, fornecendo pelo menos uma refeição ao dia. O Programa funciona no país desde 1955 e vem sofrendo modificações com o intuito de promover a melhoria da segurança alimentar e nutricional dos escolares, bem como o desenvolvimento local, através do fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Desde 2009, a Lei Federal 11.947 prevê o investimento mínimo de 30% dos recursos financeiros do Programa para compra de alimentos desta categoria social, priorizando-se: assentamentos de reforma agrária, comunidades indígenas e quilombolas e aqueles com produção agroecológica/orgânica. Esta pesquisa de caráter descritivo, procurou identificar as ações desenvolvidas pelos gestores públicos de Capão do Leão/RS, para a compra de alimentos de agricultores familiares locais e regionais. Este município foi escolhido, pois além de possuir dois assentamentos de reforma agrária, formado por 36 famílias, que não fornecem nenhum gênero alimentício para o PNAE; ele adquire alimentos produzidos por agricultores com produção de base ecológica de Pelotas. Deste modo, procuramos também compreender as dinâmicas socais e produtivas destes grupos, a fim de identificar os motivos que permitem a participação de um, enquanto o outro não consegue acessar o Programa. Os resultados apontam que a organização social e produtiva dos agricultores familiares de base ecológica de Pelotas, que integram a Cooperativa Sul Ecológica, juntamente com o acesso às informações sobre a operacionalização do PNAE, são determinantes para a participação destes sujeitos. Os fatores que limitam a participação dos agricultores familiares assentados da reforma agrária, que integram o público prioritário de fornecedores de alimentos para o PNAE, são: a assimetria de informações existentes entre este grupo e os gestores do município e as dificuldades estruturais que estes enfrentam. Deste modo, o PNAE em Capão do Leão não vem atingindo plenamente seus objetivos, especialmente no que diz respeito à promoção do desenvolvimento local.
Andrade, Junior Remy C. « O programa de aquisição de alimentos da agricultura familiar (PAA) : o caso da cooperativa agropecuária regional de pequenos produtores de Mafra (COOARPA) ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18873.
Texte intégralThis dissertation addresses the issue of public policies for rural development in Brazil, more specifically those aimed at the family farm. The Program for Food Acquisition (PAA) was elected, by integrating on a movel/innovative agricultural and food security. Moreover, public policy research relating to family agriculture and food security and nutrition are recent. At first, the adoption of a theoretical difficulties presented in this paper, for public policy are multidisciplinary fields which require the contribution of sociology, political science and economics. But over the course of its design, it was found that the theory gradually emerged from the analysis and interpretation of data. Outlined to contextualize the construction of the program in the plateau region north of the state of Santa Catarina with the role of the Regional Agricultural Cooperative of small producers in Mafra (COOARPA). From there, it was aimed to analyze some socioeconomic effects of the program, such as: i) agricultural prices and farmer income, ii) farmers’ organizations and iii) quality of products offered. The methodology was based initially on exploratory research with the executing agency for the program in Santa Catarina, that is, the Regional Superintendent of the National Supply Company (CONAB) being pointed to as a reference COOARPA pioneered the deployment of PAA in the region. Along with this organization, was built the database consists of the following information: number of farmers benefited suppliers, purchase amount and number of entities socioassistenciais benefited crops during the fiscal years 2004 a 2007. As a primary information was obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire and interview face to face with the executing agencies of the program as well as local organizations involved. The main results were the increase in the values of acquisitions, the number of farmers and suppliers in the number of entities socioassistenciais met. Furthermore, there was positive effect of the program for the associations whose stated reference price was above the market is reflected in income, employment and food supply. Organizations of farmers played an important role in the marketing, promotion participation of those in the local economy. The food supplied to the socioassistenciais (in quantity and variety of items), showed positive aspects related to nutritional quality. The keynote unanimous of the continuity of the PAA and the identification with the communities highlight the debate: government policy and state policy. In addition, evidences the right to food as effective object of public policy.
Kinda, Somlanare Romuald. « Essays on environmental degradation and economic development ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10411/document.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is a contribution to the debate on environmental degradation and development. It focuses on the determinants and macroeconomic effects of environmental degradation. It is structured in two parts. The first part analyses the effects of education and democratic institutions on environmental quality. The first chapter analyses the role of education in environmental quality. No evidence of an effect of education on carbon dioxide emissions. However, this effect depends crucially on the sample of countries according to their levels of development. While the effect remains insignificant in developing countries, education does matter for carbon dioxide emissions in developed ones. Moreover, when controlling for the quality of democratic institutions, the positive effect of education on carbon dioxide emissions is mitigated in developed countries while remaining insignificant in developing ones. The second chapter explores the effect of democratic institutions on environmental quality. We evidence that democratic institutions do have a direct and positive effect on environmental quality. This positive effect is stronger for local pollutants than for global ones. More interestingly, it identifies the indirect channels through which democracy affects environmental degradation. Indeed, by increasing people’s preferences for redistribution and economic policies, democratic institutions have indirect and negative effects on environmental protection through income inequality and investments. In the second part, the dissertation provides two essays on the effects of environmental policies and climate change on development. The third chapter investigates the effects of climatic variability on food security. The results show that climatic variability reduces food security in developing countries. The adverse effect is higher for African sub-Saharan countries than for other developing countries. Second, the negative effect of climatic variability on food security is exacerbated in countries facing conditions of conflict and is high for the countries that are vulnerable to food price shocks. The fourth chapter provides new evidence about the effect of a gap in environmental policies between trading partners on trade flow. While previous papers have used partial measures of environmental regulations (input-Oriented or output-Oriented indicators), we compute an index of a country’s environmental policy. Results suggest that a similarity in environmental policies has no effect on bilateral trade flows. Moreover results do not appear to be conditional on the level of development of the countries trading or on the characteristics of exported goods (manufactured goods and primary commodities)
Abrantes, Laís Marcelle Nicolau. « Políticas públicas de segurança alimentar : análise da garantia do direito à alimentação em João Pessoa ». Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8325.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This Master's Dissertation is engaged in the examination of public food security policies currently promoted in the city of João Pessoa. Its purpose is to analyze the contributions made by such policies to overcome situations of food insecurity still present in the region and, therefore, to effectively guarantee the alimentation right in the lives of local citizens. In Brazil, only from its re-democratization and the consequent changes in law, the alimentation right has become protected from broader and more complete way. Under the influence of international developments and own internal social movements, the democracy was reestablished and the respect for human dignity was erected as the basic foundation of the system. Within this new context, the concept of food security, rather shy and more present in the international arena, became developed nationally, leading to the development of various regulatory provisions, such as the Organic Law on Food and Nutritional Security (LOSAN) This emergence stressed the importance of alimentation as a fundamental human right and, therefore, stressed the imperative role of the State in ensuring its implementation to the entire population. This is where stands the development of public policies in Brazil. They are such state actions that have the power to give effect to the right to alimentation. But to do so, they must be implemented from the actions of all federal entities in the State, including the Municipalities themselves. Thus, given this reality, the present work, to achieve the purpose for which it is proposed, is structured into three chapters. In the first, the historical legal achievements that contributed to the international recognition of the human right to alimentation and to build the concept of food security are approached. In the second, are examined the influence of these achievements in Brazil and the advancement of Brazilian legislation to protect the alimentation right, as well are investigated the public policies promoted by the State to combat food insecurity in the country. Lastly, in the third chapter, a case study is carried out. At that time, is placed emphasis on the examination of public food security policies implemented in João Pessoa and its consequences. From this examination, is noticed, finally, the lack of state action in fulfilling its responsibility in implementing the alimentation right for all local citizens.
A presente Dissertação de Mestrado tem por objeto o exame das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar promovidas atualmente na cidade de João Pessoa. Sua finalidade consiste na análise das contribuições realizadas por tais políticas para superação das situações de insegurança alimentar ainda presentes na região e, por conseguinte, para garantia efetiva do direito à alimentação na vida dos cidadãos locais. No Brasil, somente a partir da sua redemocratização e das consequentes mudanças no plano jurídico, o direito à alimentação passou a ser protegido de maneira mais ampla e completa. Sob a influência dos avanços internacionais e dos próprios movimentos populares internos, a democracia foi reestabelecida e o respeito à dignidade humana foi erigido como fundamento basilar do sistema. Dentro desse novo contexto, o conceito de segurança alimentar, antes tímido e mais presente em âmbito internacional, passou a ser desenvolvido nacionalmente, acarretando a elaboração de diversos dispositivos normativos, a exemplo da Lei Orgânica de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (LOSAN). Tal elaboração salientou a importância da alimentação como direito fundamental do ser humano e, por conseguinte, realçou o papel impreterível do Estado em garantir sua concretização a toda população. É nesse ponto que se sobressai o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas no Brasil. São tais ações estatais que têm o condão de conferir efetividade ao direito à alimentação. Porém, para tanto, devem ser implementadas a partir da atuação de todos os entes federativos do Estado, inclusive dos próprios Municípios. Sendo assim, considerando essa realidade, o presente trabalho, para alcançar a finalidade a que se propõe, encontra-se estruturado em três capítulos. No primeiro, abordam-se as conquistas jurídicas históricas que colaboraram para o reconhecimento internacional do direito humano à alimentação e para a construção do conceito de segurança alimentar. No segundo, examinam-se a influência dessas conquistas no Brasil e o avanço da legislação brasileira na proteção ao direito à alimentação, bem como se investigam as políticas públicas promovidas pelo Estado para o combate da insegurança alimentar no país. Por último, no terceiro capítulo, é realizado o estudo de caso. Nessa oportunidade, é colocado em destaque o exame das políticas públicas de segurança alimentar implementadas em João Pessoa e dos seus consequentes desdobramentos. A partir desse exame, constata-se, por fim, a insuficiência da atuação estatal no cumprimento de sua responsabilidade na concretização do direito à alimentação a todos os cidadãos locais.
Tardim, Fábio Donato de Almeida. « Desenvolvimento e segurança alimentar e nutricional : uma análise das políticas públicas para a agricultura familiar no estado de São Paulo, Brasil ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19951.
Texte intégralRealizando um resgate histórico do conceito de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) e empregando a "abordagem de capacidades", em um primeiro momento, o presente trabalho busca esclarecer uma relação conceitual entre o desenvolvimento e a garantia da SAN, demonstrando que a realização desse direito implica a obtenção de um estado de bem-estar nutricional, que permite ao titular usufruir plenamente de outros direitos essenciais ao cumprimento do desenvolvimento humano. Na segunda parte expõe-se o processo de conformação do espaço agrário brasileiro para com o intuito de fomentar a discussão sobre os processos que culminaram na reorientação do desenvolvimento rural brasileiro para a agricultura familiar e para a ação estatal articulando políticas sociais e de fomento a este segmento com o intuito de combate à pobreza e geração de renda a partir da garantia da SAN. Buscou-se, então, analisar políticas públicas voltadas à agricultura familiar, nomeadamente o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da Agricultura Familiar (PAA), o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) e o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). Observou-se que as políticas públicas analisadas apresentam comportamentos variados em relação às Regiões Administrativas (RA) do estado de São Paulo reagindo às desigualdade socioeconômicas e às suas realidades agrárias. A partir de suas delimitações e propósitos, atuam de maneira complementar demonstrando que estratégia nacional de combate à pobreza baseada no desenvolvimento de circuitos curtos de produção, comercialização e consumo de alimentos contribui para a consolidação de sistemas alimentares locais e para a garantia da SAN nas áreas mais vulneráveis.
Performing a historical review of the concept of Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) and employing the 'capabilities approach', at first, the present work seeks to clarify a conceptual relationship between the development and guarantee of the FNS, demonstrating that the realization of this this right implies the attainment of a state of nutritional well-being, which enables the holder to fully enjoy other rights essential to the fulfillment of human development. The second part presents the process of shaping the Brazilian agrarian space in order to foster discussion about the processes that culminated in the reorientation of Brazilian rural development towards family farming and state action, articulating social policies and promoting this segment with the purpose of fighting poverty and generating income from the guarantee of the FNS. It is then sought to analyze public policies aimed at family farming, namely the Family Farming Food Acquisition Program (PAA), the National Family Farming Strengthening Program (PRONAF) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE). It was observed that the analyzed public policies present varied behaviors in relation to the Administrative Regions (AR) of the state of São Paulo reacting to the socioeconomic inequalities and their agrarian realities. Based on their delimitations and purposes, they act in a complementary manner, demonstrating that a national anti-poverty strategy based on the development of short food production, marketing and consumption circuits contributes to the consolidation of local food systems and the guarantee of FNS in the most vulnerable areas.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Deves, Otávio Diel. « Fortalecimento da agricultura familiar através do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos-PAA : o caso do município de São Pedro do Butiá-RS ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18840.
Texte intégralThe present work deals with the study of a relatively recent public policy which has been a constant object of change, related to food commercialization from family agriculture, as well as the food supply for populations in food insecurity situation. We identify that the Food Purchase Program (PAA in Portuguese)) has its history marked by the movement to combat hunger and constitutes a different public policy for it serves to a specific public, and establishes a relationship between production and consumption of food. The empirical field was developed in the Butiá Agricultural Cooperative Inc. (Cooperbutiá), municipality of São Pedro do Butiá, in the region of Rio Grande do Sul State called Missões. The interviews were conducted with beneficiary farmers with the PAA, non-beneficiaries, local entities and the Cooperbutiá. The Cooperbutiá's experience is characterized by the fact of its food production serves, in most of the cases, a beneficiary public located in another municipality, Santo Angelo. With this, we tried to identify how the local/regional dynamic happened between the Cooperbutiá and the beneficiary consumers. We also studied the views on the PAA and the developments caused both in local institutions and in beneficiary farmers. Although farmers demonstrate a relative dissatisfaction in relation to prices, the same deal with the guaranteed purchase as an essential element, which allows them to organize themselves for future investments in their productive activities. The PAA has enabled the maintenance of food production to self-consumption and the purchase assurance has reflected positively among beneficiary farmers. The program is considered a key factor in generating incomes, although in most of the families it’s not characterized as the main source. However, for the interviewed people, it’s considered relevant, in local terms and to the maintenance of family group. Another observed aspect refers to the efforts obtained around the legalization or suitability of the processed foods production meant for PAA which, through the legalization process, organic food production and school meals are pointed out by the interviewed people as potential in terms of future possibilities in relation to the maintenance of local food sales, in case of the program ending. Considering the identified elements about the self-consumption production and the maintenance of the family farming as food-producer, as well as the established relations in local/regional terms, it´s possible to visualize an institutional arrangement that allows establishing new markets beyond the local boundaries. With the recent changes about the PAA, like the Law 11.947, from June 2009, despite incipient, they allow us seeing an important institutional market in terms of strengthening of family farming and of the representative institutions, in particular those family agriculture cooperatives, beyond the local marketing, and inserted in the short chains of commercialization.
Pedrosa, Ana Paula Piedade. « Redes agroalimentares alternativas e suas implicações para a política social : as motivações dos consumidores das Comunidades que Sustentam a Agricultura no Brasil ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18405.
Texte intégralEste trabalho abordará a Comunidade que Sustenta a Agricultura – CSA, tecnologia social em que consumidores tornam-se coagricultores ao financiarem a produção de um agricultor local, compartilhando os riscos da produção de alimentos limpos. O objetivo da pesquisa é compreender as motivações dos consumidores ao aderirem a CSA e as implicações dessa participação para as políticas sociais. Utilizando-se de métodos qualitativos, foram realizadas 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas com coagricultores participantes de CSAs de Brasília/DF por meio de plataformas digitais. Os resultados indicam que iniciativas alternativas ligadas ao consumo e produção de bens alimentares podem criar mercados mais justos, impactar diretamente na segurança alimentar e nutricional – SAN da comunidade e atuar como um movimento de resistência ao modo convencional de produção e acesso a alimentos. Também contribuem para o desenvolvimento sustentável ao atenderem às particularidades de cada território, fortalecendo a comunidade. Ainda é necessário, entretanto, ampliar o acesso as CSAs, tornando a participação mais heterogênea. As redes agroalimentares alternativas possuem implicações para as políticas sociais ao promoverem o desenvolvimento rural, o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar, a preservação do ambiente e, sobretudo ao contribuírem para a saúde e para a SAN. Essas redes devem ser consideradas pelos governos como uma sinalização da sociedade para adoção de uma abordagem ecológica das políticas sociais. Por possuírem potencial para enfrentar os novos desafios de SAN do Brasil e indicarem soluções para a demanda ambiental do mundo atual, o Estado deve estar atento ao papel de governança dessas redes e ampliar o diálogo por meio de instâncias participativas da sociedade civil afim de absorver demandas e iniciativas.
This work will address the Community Supported Agriculture - CSA, social technology in which consumers financing a local farmer production, sharing the risks of clean food production. The objective of this research is to understand the motivations of consumers to join the CSA and the implications of this participation for social policies. Using qualitative methods, 11 semistructured interviews were conducted with consumers participating in CSAs in Brasília/DF through digital platforms. The results indicate that alternative initiatives related to food consumption and production can create fairer markets, directly impact on food and nutritional security of the community and act as a resistance movement to the conventional way of production and access to food. They also contribute to sustainable development by addressing the particularities of each territory, strengthening the community . It is still necessary, however, to increase access to CSAs, making participation more heterogeneous. Alternative agrifood networks have implications for social policies by promoting rural development, strengthening family farming, preserving the environment and contributing to health and food security. These networks should be considered by governments as a sign of society for adopting an ecological approach to social policies. Because they have the potential to face the new challenges of food security in Brazil and indicate solutions for the environmental demand of the today’s world, the State must be attentive to the governance role of these networks and broaden the dialogue through participatory instances of civil society in order to absorb demands and initiatives.
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Guerra, Lucia Dias da Silva. « Direito humano à alimentação adequada e atuação profissional em saúde pública ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-29112017-001605/.
Texte intégralThis thesis offers a reflection to the field of public health, particularly on the Human Right to Adequate Food, expressed in Brazilian scientific production and health work in primary care. This is a study with a qualitative approach, organized in three articles with distinct and complementary objectives. In the first article a critical essay was carried out based on the political and legal frameworks of the Human Right to Adequate Food in the context of the food and nutrition security, at the international and national levels. In the second article based on the scientific production an integrative revision was made to know the state of the art of the investigated problem. In the third article for the production of empirical data, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 31 primary health care professionals. Content analysis was performed. The discussion was guided by three axes: the profile of professional performance, the conception about food and the actions suggested as strategies for the context of PHC. In Brazil, despite the social movements conducted for the construction of the DHAA, a culture of participation, collective life and struggle for their rights was not built together with Brazilian citizens. And that the realization of fundamental human rights in the country would imply changes in the actions of social communication, information and training for both the population and health professionals, aiming at institutional commitment and social responsibility with this political agenda. Prioritizing changes in the process of equity and social inclusion and human dignity, to the detriment of products as goals and scope of objectives. In addition, future generations of children and adolescents who are vulnerable to the violation of their fundamental human rights are growing amid the impacts of globalization and urbanization on food. Studies have shown the multidimensionality of aspects related to food, the thematic focus for understanding and acting in the implementation of Human Right to Adequate Food (food systems, poverty and income conditions, social environment and food environment, food consumption, HIV / AIDS, mental health, nutritional deficiencies, nutritional status, breastfeeding and school performance). Among the strategies suggested for action in food and nutritional security, there is a need to involve other sectors such as education and agriculture, but fundamentally strategies for the implementation of policies, programs and actions in different scenarios (households, health services and schools), with different actors (managers, health professionals, teachers, caregivers, parents, social movements and community associations). Although public policies and reference frameworks for food and nutrition have been well-constructed, aimed at guiding health services, professionals and the Brazilian population. These instruments still do not reach these actors in a broad and dialectical way in everyday life. The daily approach to the population is essential for meeting nutritional challenges and food and nutrition education, as it is an important strategy for raising awareness, building attitudes and skills. There is a consensus around the need to establish partnerships with other sectors and the existence of important interlocutors to be considered for the achievement of adequate and healthy food, such as parents and the media; both are seen by professionals as formers of eating habits and practices. In addition, the role of the State and its agents as promoters of public policies and channel of exigibility of the right to food stands out. It is believed that the knowledge about the phenomenon studied makes it possible to problematize food as a right in the context of primary care and to assist intervention strategies with managers, health teams and the population.
Matias, Cristiane Tavares. « Dificuldades e obstáculos à Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional de estudantes com necessidades alimentares especiais : um estudo de caso da rede de ensino municipal de Guarulhos, SP ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/89/89131/tde-04022019-180208/.
Texte intégralThe National School Feeding Program - PNAE is one of the oldest public programs of food supplementation, standing out for its continuity, size, and significant investments. It aims at food and nutritional security of all students enrolled in basic education, contributing to the improvement of nutritional and health conditions, with a consequent increase in achievement and school performance. With the emphasis on equity, one of its principles, through Law nº 12,982/2014, it became mandatory to provide an adequate menu for students with special dietary needs, that is, those that require individualized nutritional care by their condition or state of health. In Guarulhos, with a lawsuit initiated in 2012, nutritional care for the student with special dietary needs corresponds to a series of actions carried out at school and institutional level. The aim of this study was to analyze the difficulties and obstacles of nutritional care for schoolchildren with special nutritional needs in Guarulhos, before the legal determination of food and nutritional security, to provide subsidies for the improvement of the service. It was a cross-sectional, quantitative, exploratory, descriptive and explanatory study, consisting of 4 steps: a study of the prevalence of special dietary needs in the period from 2015 to 2017; socioeconomic characterization of students\' families with special dietary needs; analysis of the nutritional service and the differential of costs of the special menus. 554 students were attended in 2015, 735 in 2016 and 871 in 2017, with the prevalence of male students and EMEI (4 to 6 years). As for diseases, the prevalence of food allergies (especially cow\'s milk protein), dyslipidemia and lactose intolerance were observed. No statistically significant differences were found in socioeconomic strata, schooling, head of household sex, family size and size among the groups with and without special dietary needs. When observing 128 students, during meals, it was verified that 20.3% of them received an inadequate menu before the recommendations of the nutritionist of the Education Department, mainly in relation to dyslipidemias and allergies. Failures in institutional nutritional consultation related to lack of clarity, objectivity and incomplete data on nutritional care forms. The inadequacy of menus was related to the unavailability of food, difficulties in the execution of the preparations by the cooks and inattention or lack of knowledge about the specific food need. Difficulties were observed regarding the acceptance of some foodstuffs and the identification and daily follow-up of students with special dietary needs. Inadequate storage was observed in 13.3% of the schools, without compromising the sensorial quality of food. The analysis of the variation of the cost of special foodstuffs points higher cost in the menus directed to the students with restrictions to the cow\'s milk, followed by celiac disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia/obesity and egg allergy. The procurement process was complex, with budgetary and bureaucratic difficulties related to bids, the small quantity that needs to be bought, the lack of interest of suppliers and the lack of competition in some special products. In addition, it was verified that nutritional care requires continuous training involving all school staff, making it possible to share responsibilities.
Albuquerque, Cristina Aparecida Bueno. « Segurança alimentar : um conceito em pratica ? » [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313835.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo entender as significações e a utilização do conceito de segurança alimentar e nutricional pelos profissionais de saúde que trabalham na atenção básica, em equipes de saúde da família, em um município de grande porte. E assim analisar como esse tema, que tem permeado as políticas públicas de assistência social e de saúde, tem sido aplicado no cotidiano das ações de promoção e assistência à saúde para a população. A abordagem escolhida para atingir estes objetivos foi uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, a membros de equipes de saúde da família que trabalham em áreas de maior vulnerabilidade social do município de Campinas. O método de análise utilizado foi análise de conteúdo dos depoimentos dos profissionais. Os resultados mostraram que apesar da notoriedade que esse conceito tem tido nas universidades e nos órgãos estatais, há desconhecimento e falta de entendimento por parte dos profissionais de saúde que assistem diretamente a população não entendendo a co-responsabilidade do setor saúde sobre esse tema. A valorização da alimentação como componente fundamental do projeto terapêutico dos indivíduos ainda está longe de transformar-se em prática cotidiana nos atendimentos das unidades básicas de saúde; e, quando acontecem, é de forma adicional, como coadjuvante ao tratamento, contribuindo precariamente para a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional das pessoas e da comunidade. Concluímos que a Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional tem um árduo caminho para sua efetivação, que passa pela efetiva implementação das ações previstas na Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição, para assim avançarmos na construção do SISAN. Os desafios estruturais no setor saúde passam pela formação dos profissionais e pela dificuldade em trabalhar de forma intersetorial, pois como demonstra Boog (1999a) a formação pregressa dos profissionais que atuam na atenção básica não fornece subsídios suficientes para a abordagem da questão alimentar da população, seja na prevenção, na manutenção ou na recuperação da saúde. Como observou Yasbek (2004), nos grupos de maior vulnerabilidade social, para os quais existe um maior risco de insegurança alimentar, as ações de saúde tornam-se mais complexas e necessitam de ações integradas com setores externos à saúde.
Abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate the meaning of food security for health professionals working in primary care teams of the Family Health Program in a large city, and how they apply this concept in their everyday work with the general population, but with poor people, in particular. A qualitative research approach was used, consisting of semi-structured interviews with the health professionals, which were audio-taped, transcribed, and analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the concept, which is currently an important theme in universities and government, is little known to the health professionals, and that food access and habits have been addressed in an incomplete and partial way. It is concluded that food and nutrition policies need to be implemented completely at the primary health care level in order to contribute to the implementation of the National Food Security Policy. It is recommended these themes be incorporated into university-level programs for health professionals, with an emphasis on the importance of collaborating with other sectors to assure food security.
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestre em Saude Coletiva
Rudakoff, Lívia Carolina Sobrinho. « O ambiente alimentar da rede municipal de educação de São Luís-MA ». Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1720.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Objective: To evaluate the food environment of municipal schools of São Luís, Maranhão as food security and nutrition promoter. We analyzed the nutritional quality of the menu offered to students, the hygienic and sanitary conditions of school canteens, and the microbiological quality of water from drinking fountains and food served in schools. Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. The survey was conducted in 40 public schools in urban and rural municipal schools, attended by the PNAE, chosen randomly. We analyzed 160 menus offered between February and September 2015, based on the Resolution 26/2013 FNDE recommendations. For the analysis of nutritional quality, we used the method Qualitative Assessment of School Menu Preparations - AQPC School. The Good Checklist Practices in School Feeding was used to evaluate the hygienic and sanitary conditions of schools. The quantification of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, determining the presence / absence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus coagulase positive enumeration, search, and Salmonella spp. 57 samples of school meals. 64 water samples were evaluated from drinking fountains and the results analyzed according to the parameters of the current legislation. Results: The kilocalories content, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium, iron, vitamin A and sodium of the food served are lower than those recommended by the legislation. The average weekly supply of fruits and vegetables was 229g, and the items of family farming were key to achieving these values. There is no supply of whole foods, fish or any kind of salad. Almost one third of available feature menus preparations with sugar and / or added sugar (33.8%), feed concentrates or dried powders (27.5%), biscuits (35.6%), flatulent food and / or difficult digestion (30.0%), monotone color (31.9%) and fried foods, fatty meats and fatty sauces (28.8%). With regard to good practices, all school canteens were classified as having regular health risk. The average conformities found was 69.7% (± 3.83). The buildings block and facilities of food preparation area obtained 48% of compliance; equipment for temperature controlled, 45%; handlers, 92%; receiving, 100%; processes and products, 41%; and environmental hygiene, 84%. According to microbiological parameters, no food was deemed unfit for human consumption. However, there was a high rate of contamination of water from drinking fountains, given that 48.43% of the samples were positive for total coliforms and 12.50% for Escherichia coli. Conclusion: There are barriers to the PNAE to take effect fully, especially with regard to nutritional inadequacies of the menu and situations that compromise the nutritional quality. Even if the microbiological quality of school meals has been satisfactory, it is necessary to correct non-conformities in the use of BP. In addition, there is an urgent need for action to ensure the microbiological quality of water from drinking fountains, given their impact on the health of schoolchildren.
Objetivo: Avaliar o ambiente alimentar da rede municipal de educação de São Luís, Maranhão como promotor de segurança alimentar e nutricional. Analisou-se a qualidade nutricional do cardápio oferecido aos estudantes,as condições higienicossanitárias das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição Escolares, e a qualidade microbiológica da água dos bebedouros e da alimentação servida nas escolas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de natureza quantitativa. A pesquisa foi conduzida em 40 escolas públicas da zona urbana e rural da rede municipal de ensino, atendidas pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE, escolhidas aleatoriamente. Foram analisados 160 cardápios ofertados entre os meses de fevereiro a setembro de 2015, com base nas recomendações da Resolução FNDE 26/2013. Para análise da qualidade nutricional, utilizou-se o método Avaliação Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio Escolar - AQPC Escola. A Lista de Verificação de Boas Práticas na Alimentação Escolar foi utilizada para avaliar as condições higienicossanitárias das escolas. Foram realizadas a quantificação de coliformes a 35ºC e a 45ºC, determinação da presença/ausência de Escherichia coli, enumeração de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo, e a pesquisa de Salmonella spp. de 57 amostras da alimentação escolar. Foram avaliadas 64 amostras de água dos bebedouros e os resultados analisados segundo os parâmetros da Legislação vigente. Resultados: Os teores de quilocalorias, carboidratos, fibras, cálcio, ferro, vitamina A e sódio da alimentação servida encontram-se aquém do preconizado pela legislação. A média de oferta semanal de frutas e hortaliças foi de 229g, sendo que os itens da agricultura familiar foram fundamentais para o alcance desses valores. Não há oferta de alimentos integrais, pescados,nem de nenhum tipo de salada. Quase um terço dos cardápios oferecidos apresentam preparações com açúcar e/ou açúcar adicionado (33,8%), alimentos concentrados em pó ou desidratados (27,5%), biscoitos (35,6%), alimentos flatulentos e/ou de difícil digestão (30,0%), monotonia de cores (31,9%) e frituras, carnes gordurosas e molhos gordurosos (28,8%). Em relação às Boas Práticas, todas as cantinas escolares foram classificadas como apresentando risco sanitário regular. A média de conformidades encontrada foi de 69,7% (±3,83). O bloco edifícios e instalações da área de preparo de alimentos obteve 48% de conformidades; equipamentos para temperatura controlada, 45%; manipuladores, 92%; recebimento, 100%; processos e produções, 41%; e higienização ambiental, 84%. De acordo com os parâmetros microbiológicos, nenhum alimento foi considerado impróprio para o consumo humano. Entretanto, verificou-se um alto índice de contaminação da água dos bebedouros, haja vista que 48,43% das amostras apresentaram positividade para coliformes totais e 12,50% para Escherichia coli. Conclusão:Existem entraves para que o PNAE seja efetivado de forma plena, principalmente no que diz respeito às inadequações nutricionais do cardápio e situações que comprometem a qualidade nutricional do mesmo. Mesmo que a qualidade microbiológica da alimentação escolar tenha sido satisfatória, faz-se necessária a correção das não conformidades na utilização de BP. Além disso, urge a necessidade de ações que garantam a qualidade microbiológica da água dos bebedouros, haja vista o impacto que exercem sobre a saúde dos escolares.
Doyle, Maria. « FEELINGS OF SAFETY : Feelings of Safety In The Presence Of the Police, Security Guards and Police Volunteers ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-35885.
Texte intégralCoulibaly, Massita. « L'autosuffisance alimentaire et la politique rizicole en Côte d'Ivoire ». Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF10179.
Texte intégralOur goal in this study is to analyze the economic foundations of the rice self sufficiency objective (which ranks high in the agenda of the government) and assess the attainability of such goal after the devaluation of the CFA franc. Two main themes are evoked here. The first one focusses on the array of policies implemented before the devaluation. The causes of poor results obtained (growth in the importations of rice), seem to stem from inconsistencies between declared objectives and policies implemented. Chapter one has shown that food security rather than self-sufficiency was guiding force of reforms. This result is confirmed when we analyze in the chapter 2, the evolution of the rice market. The analysis of rice market evolution shows the reforms undertaken as well. In the second part, we analyze the effectiveness and usefulness if policies implemented after devaluation. For that purpose, indicators of performance of rice production have been calculated using Policy Analysis Matrix (PMA). This indicators, computed for the pre-devaluation as well as post-devaluation period have shown some increasing competitiveness of the local production units. We finally estimate the supply response behavior of peasants using a dynamic supply model with an Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). This econometric analysis shows that supply of rice is positively correlated with relative price (of rice, cotton and maize), negatively with price of inputs (especially labor) and credit. The latter call for an adequate rural financing system after the bankrucy of BNDA
Pao-Hsueh, Chin, et 金柏學. « Food Security and Major Agricultural Policies in Taiwan ». Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9dpg48.
Texte intégralDunne, Leanne. « Food security in the Kullu District : perspectives, policies and learning in the transition to commercial agriculture ». 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23319.
Texte intégralGêmo, Hélder R. « The role of irrigation policies in expanding irrigated food production in Mozambique ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10589.
Texte intégralThesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.
Guedes, Maria Inês Anacleto. « Segurança alimentar e políticas públicas no combate à fome no Brasil ». Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1969.
Texte intégralHunger undermines health, the productivity of individuals and their efforts to escape poverty. It is an impediment on the potential economic and social development of all communities. Food security issues have been gaining importance in the past few decades and a lot has been done to improve world food security. These issues have been proven to depend heavily on economic and political measures. The present dissertations primary objective is to analyze strategies and public policies in Brazil like the "Zero Hunger" strategy which includes the case study – “Bolsa Familia” Program. The “Bolsa Familia” program is characterized by direct income transfer and conditional financial benefits to families relating social rights in health and education. Therefore, it contributes to the eradication of extreme poverty, the achievement of citizenship and quality of life for the most vulnerable portion of the population. The data analysis allows characterization of the Food Situation for the year 2002/2003, the period before the implementation of the “Bolsa Familia” program. Hence, It will allow for the study of changes that occur and that will certainly be strongly influenced by the "Zero Hunger" strategy.--------------------------------A fome compromete a saúde, a produtividade da população e os seus esforços para fugir à pobreza. Actua como um travão ao potencial de desenvolvimento económico e social de todas as comunidades. As questões de Segurança Alimentar têm vindo a ganhar importância nas últimas décadas e muito tem sido feito com o intuito de melhorar a segurança alimentar mundial, revelando-se esta, fortemente dependente de medidas políticas e económicas. A presente dissertação tem como objectivo principal analisar os programas e políticas públicas no Brasil designadamente a “Estratégia Fome Zero”, que inclui o estudo de caso – Programa Bolsa Família. O Programa Bolsa Família caracteriza-se pela transferência directa de rendimentos e condiciona a utilização do benefício financeiro às famílias, relacionando direitos sociais nas áreas da saúde e da educação. Contribui, assim, para a erradicação da extrema pobreza, na conquista da cidadania e da qualidade de vida da população mais vulnerável. É realizada uma análise de dados permitindo caracterizar a Situação Alimentar no ano de 2002/2003, período anterior à implementação do programa Bolsa Família. Esta permitirá no futuro estudar as alterações ocorridas e que certamente vão ser muito influenciadas pela “Estratégia Fome Zero”.