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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Forcage du climat »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 février 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Forcage du climat"

Ramos, Valentina, et Eduardo Tejera. « Estudio de relaciones entre cultura, clima y fuerza de clima laboral en Ecuador [Study of the Relationship between Culture, Climate and Labour Force in Ecuador] ». Acción Psicológica 14, n^o 2 (19 décembre 2017) : 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ap.14.2.17046.

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Park, Hye Jeong. « Encounter of History and Climate* - Writing Climate History of Human Geological Force - ». Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 33, n^o 1 (30 avril 2021) : 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2021.33.1.92.

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Penaskovic, Kenan M., Matthew N. Goldenberg et Jonathan S. Gerkin. « Telepsychiatry : a Potential Force Against Climate Change ». Academic Psychiatry 45, n^o 3 (8 avril 2021) : 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40596-021-01452-9.

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Jones, Woodson S., et Heather C. Yun. « Air Force Academic Medicine : A Climate Survey ». Military Medicine 176, n^o 12 (décembre 2011) : 1388–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-11-00112.

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Kerr, R. A. « ATMOSPHERE:A New Force in High-Latitude Climate ». Science 284, n^o 5412 (9 avril 1999) : 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5412.241.

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Sritharan, Elijah S. « The Ethics of Climate Change, Climate Policy and Climate Justice ». LeXonomica 15, n^o 2 (6 décembre 2023) : 147–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.15.2.147-188.2023.

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The fossil fuel industry is the driving force behind our current carbon-centric socioeconomic systems. The industry has imposed fossil fuel-dependent business models and behaviours on the global socioeconomic system. The actions and plans of the industry are far from being aligned with the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement. Moreover, they remain overlooked in the global climate discourse and negotiations. This paper builds its arguments starting from a moral issue: climate change is an ethical failure, and the industry has had a unique role in causing, shaping, advancing, and defending the current unsustainable fossil fuel-dependent global economy, and thus bears responsibility and has duties of reparation to limit consequent harm. This paper examines the various moral principles of rectifying the unjust situation created by the actions that produced climate change. Although the Paris Agreement assigns responsibilities to states, climate lawsuits against fossil fuel companies are also on the rise. This paper helps link legal frameworks and the relationship between climate justice, sustainable development, and environmental human rights to make radical, systemic changes to ensure a sustainable future.

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Czupy, I., et E. Horváth-Szováti. « Vertical force requirement for stump lifting ». Journal of Forest Science 59, No. 7 (28 août 2013) : 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2013-jfs.

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In harvest areas the soil preparation is occasionally necessary before reforestation including the removal, collection and transportation of stumps from the soil. Issues related to climate change and the shortage of fossil energy sources call for an increased rate of renewable energy sources. Using the stumps removed from the soil as fuel is a significant resource for biomass. For lifting a stump together with its roots a grab mounted on a shovel is generally used. To rationalise this operation, analyses of stump lifting time have been carried out. We tested a machine mounting one grab for stump lifting on three tree types (Scots pine, robinia and poplar) and found functions correlating stump extraction force and stump diameter, which can be used in order to choose the right machine and determine the cost of the operation.  

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González, Lyrianne. « Centering Climate Disaster : A Labor Immigration Driving Force ». Latin American Literary Review 48, n^o 96 (3 août 2021) : 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.259.

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Labor migration is predominately studied through anthropocentric modes of analysis. This review essay explores, demonstrates, and argues that the environment and climate disaster can be driving forces of labor migration. While the scholarship explored as part of this essay, including text, a documentary, and photographs, demonstrate how non-human assemblages, climate and the environment, impact labor and subsequently the family unit and migration, they also call attention to the Anthropocene, the current moment that we occupy as humans as the dominant influence on climate and the environment. Given the impact of climate disaster on labor migration, it is important to decenter past anthropocentric modes of analysis focused on socioeconomic disparities.

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Janet Pelley, special to C&EN. « Climate change will force boost in power generation ». C&EN Global Enterprise 99, n^o 7 (1 mars 2021) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09907-polcon2.

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Randall, Ian. « Funding woes force climate-change centre to close ». Physics World 30, n^o 4 (avril 2017) : 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/30/4/23.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Forcage du climat"

Bone, Constantin. « Détection et attribution du changement climatique à l’aide de réseaux de neurones ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS510.

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Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à la création de nouvelles méthodes pour procéder à la question de la détection et de l'attribution du changement climatique. Le climat est en effet soumis à une double variabilité : celle issue des processus internes et interactions des différentes composantes du climat (terres, océans, atmosphère et cryosphère). Cette variabilité est appelé variabilité interne. Une seconde source de variabilité est la variabilité dite "forcé" qui est dû à l'effet de forçages qui sont des éléments extérieurs au système climatique pouvant l'affecter. Les différents forçages sont les gaz à effet de serre, aérosols anthropiques ou naturels, utilisation des terres etc. La détection et l'attribution du changement climatique vise à distinguer les effets de la variabilité interne du climat de la variabilité forcé ainsi qu'à également décomposer cette dernière en donnant l'influence relative de chaque forçage. Ce problème comporte de grandes difficultés comme la relative faible longueur temporelle des observations ou l'incertitude de la variablité forcé modélisé dans les modèles climatiques. Pour ce faire nous développons de nouvelles méthodes basés sur l'utilisation de réseaux de neurones. L'intelligence artificielle est en effet un outil qui n'a pas encore été appliqué pour ce problème et qui permet d'utiliser efficacement les données provenant de simulations d'un grand nombre de modèles climatiques ainsi que les observations. Nous avons développé et appliqué au champ de la température de surface de l'air deux méthodes permettant respectivement de séparer la variabilité interne et forcé et d'attribuer la température globale de surface observé pour différents groupes de forçages. La première de ces méthodes permettant de séparer la variabilité interne de la variabilité forcé est appelé "Noise to Noise" et elle se base sur la littérature de restauration des images issues de l'intelligence artificielle. Le champ tri-dimensionnelle (temps, latitude et longitude) des simulations ou de observations de température de surface est donc comparé à une image tri-dimensionnelle. La variabilité interne est comparé à une sorte de bruit semblable à celle pouvant se trouver sur des images s'ajoutant à la variabilité forcé qui est elle associé à la "vrai image". Nous avons donc eu recours à une méthodologie de débruitage pour réseaux de neurones créée pour les images que nous adaptons à notre problème climatique. La seconde de ces méthodes vise à procéder l'attribution de l'effet de trois groupe de forçages (les gaz à effet de serre, les aérosols anthropiques et les forçages naturels). Il s'agit d'une méthode tiré de l'intelligence artificiel explicable qui se nomment l'optimisation inverse. Elle consiste à retrouver l'entrée d'un réseau de neurones entraîné qui correspondrait à un résultat de sortie donné. Cela est fait par une méthode de descente de gradient en minimisant une fonction de coût mesurant la différence entre la sortie désiré et celle obtenue. Nous utilisons un réseau de neurones convolutionnelle entraîné en utilisant des sorties de température globale de surface de simulations historiques de modèles climatiques. Le CNN a pour but de reproduire les changements de température globale de surface dû à l'ensemble des forçages en utilisant comme entrée les changements de température dû à l'effet individuel des forçages. Une fois le réseau entraîné et ses poids et biais fixés, une méthode d'optimisation inverse, modifiée pour mieux correspondre au problème, est utilisé. Ces deux méthodes sont implémentés pour la variable de température de surface sur la période historique et leurs résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenues avec des méthodes de références
In this thesis, we focus on the development of new methods to address the issue of climate change detection and attribution. Climate is subject to two types of variability: variability arising from internal processes and variability arising from interactions between the different components of climate (land, oceans, atmosphere and cryosphere). This variability is called internal variability. A second source of variability is the so-called "forced" variability, due to the effect of forcings, which are elements outside the climate system that can affect it. The various forcings are greenhouse gases, natural or anthropogenic aerosols, land use, etc. Detecting and attributing climate change aims to distinguish the effects of internal climate variability from forced variability, and also to break down the latter by giving the relative influence of each forcing. This problem is fraught with difficulties, such as the relatively short temporal length of observations and the uncertainty of forced variability modelled in climate models. To this end, we are developing new methods based on the use of neural networks. Artificial intelligence is in fact a tool that has not yet been applied to this problem, making it possible to make effective use of data from simulations of a large number of climate models as well as observations. We have developed and applied two methods to the surface air temperature field, respectively separating internal and forced variability, and attributing the observed global surface temperature to different groups of forcings. The first of these methods for separating internal from forced variability is called "Noise to Noise" and is based on the literature of artificial intelligence image restoration. The three-dimensional field (time, latitude and longitude) of surface temperature simulations or observations is compared with a three-dimensional image. The internal variability is compared to a kind of noise similar to that found on images, in addition to the forced variability associated with the "real image". We have therefore used a neural network denoising methodology created for images, which we are adapting to our climate problem. The second of these methods aims to attribute the effect of three groups of forcings (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols and natural forcings). It's a method drawn from explainable artificial intelligence called inverse optimization. It consists in finding the input of a trained neural network that corresponds to a given output result. This is done using a gradient descent method, by minimizing a cost function measuring the difference between the desired output and the output obtained. We use a convolutional neural network trained using global surface temperature outputs from historical climate model simulations. The purpose of the CNN is to reproduce the global surface temperature changes due to the ensemble of forcings, using as input the temperature changes due to the individual effect of the forcings. Once the network has been trained and its weights and biases fixed, an inverse optimization method, modified to better match the problem, is used. These two methods are implemented for the surface temperature variable over the historical period and their results are compared with those obtained with reference methods

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Zanatta, Marco. « Le carbone-suie dans l'atmosphère européenne : identification, transfert, dépots et impacts ». Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU005/document.

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Le carbone-suie, ou “black carbon” (BC), contribue au réchauffement climatique avec un forçage positif de l’ordre de +1.1 W m-2 dont l’incertitude reste haute (de l’ordre de 90%). Ce forçage s’effectue à travers l’interaction aérosol-radiation et l’interaction aérosols-nuage. Ces deux mécanismes sont affectés par le degré de mélange des particules du BC avec divers matériaux non-réfractaires et non-absorbants. Cependant, les estimations du forçage radiatif considèrent rarement les effets du mélange interne. Par ailleurs le rôle du BC comme noyau glaçogène qui influence l’interaction aérosol-nuage est largement inconnu. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels le degré de mélange interne du BC influence la variabilité des propriétés optiques du BC et les propriétés d’activation des noyaux glaçogènes contenant du BC.Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, nous avons exploré la variabilité spatiale et saisonnière du coefficient d’absorption massique -mass absorption cross-section (MAC)- dans l’atmosphère en Europe. Les valeurs de MAC sont déterminées à partir de concentrations de carbone élémentaire et de coefficients d’absorption observée à différentes stations d’observation européenne du réseau ACTRIS (Aerosol, Cloud and Trace gases Research InfraStructure). Les résultats montrent une faible variabilité spatiale du MAC avec une moyenne de 10 ± 2.5 m2 g-1 à 637 nm de longueur d’onde qui peut être considérée comme représentative du BC en Europe. Le cycle saisonnier du MAC est probablement lié à la composition chimique de l’aérosol et son état de mélange, qui provoque une augmentation du MAC.Dans le second chapitre on s’est intéressé au lien entre l’absorption du BC et son état de mélange après transport sur longue-distance. Ce travail se base sur des mesures effectuées dans le cadre du projet CLIMSLIP (CLimate IMpact of Short-Lived Pollutants and methane in the Arctic). Une campagne de mesure a été conduite sur la station de recherche Zeppelin au Svalbard, Norvège en Avril 2012. Les données acquises avec un Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) révélaient que le BC est généralement présent en mélange interne dont l’épaisseur moyenne de la couche superficielle de matériel non-absorbant est de 47 nm pour des particules de BC de diamètre compris entre 170 et 280 nm. Ce mélange interne conduit à une augmentation d’absorption de 46%. Elle entraîne cependant une diminution relativement faible de l’albédo de simple diffusion, de l’ordre de 1%.Enfin, la capacité du BC à agir comme noyaux glaçogène pour la formation de cristaux de glace a été étudiée sur le site de haute altitude du Jungfraujoch (Suisse) dans le cadre du “cloud and aerosol characterization experiment” (CLACE) en 2013. Les différents éléments du nuage étaient séparé à partir d’une prise d’entrée type ice-CVI connectée au SP2. Ce dispositif permet de sélectionner uniquement les cristaux de glace et quantifier la fraction de BC activée. Une réduction de la présence de BC dans les résidus de glace a été observée. Des mesures de l’épaisseur de la couche de mélange interne des particules contentant du BC ont montré que les résidus de cristaux de glace présentaient des enrobages bien plus épais comparée à l’aérosol total.Les résultats obtenus au cours de ce travail ont permis de mieux comprendre l’impact du degré de mélange interne sur les propriétés optiques du BC et sur son rôle dans la formation de cristaux de glace. Les propriétés optiques du BC évoluent en fonction de la saison, tandis que la formation d’une couche superficielle amplifie sa capacité d’absorption du rayonnement solaire. De plus, cette étude souligne l’importance du vieillissement atmosphérique du BC sur sa capacité à servir de noyau de nucléation de la glace. Enfin, il fournit une avancée au sujet des propriétés sensibles mesurées dans l’atmosphère avec des techniques innovantes qui permettront la simulation plus précise du forçage radiatif
Black carbon (BC) induces a warming effect (RFBC = +1.1 W m-2 ± 90%) through two main pathways: aerosol-radiation interaction (RFari) and aerosol-cloud interaction (RFaci). Both BC-radiation and BC-cloud interaction are affected by the mixing of black carbon with other non-refractory and non-absorbing matter present in the atmosphere. An estimation of the global radiative forcing of BC rarely accounts for internal mixing of BC while the net global cloud radiative forcing is sensitive to assumptions in the initiation of cloud glaciation, which is mostly unknown for black carbon particles. Within this thesis we investigated the variability of the light absorbing properties of black carbon, the mixing of black carbon, and the impact on light absorption and ice activation.In the first part of this thesis we investigated the spatial and seasonal variability of the mass absorption cross section (MAC) over Europe. MAC values were determined from ambient observations of elemental carbon mass concentrations (mEC) and absorption coefficients (σap). The data had been acquired during several years at different background ACTRIS supersites spread over Europe. Site specific MAC values were found to be spatially homogeneous, suggesting that the overall MAC average 9.5 ± 1.9 m2 g-1 at a wavelength of 637 nm might be representative of BC at European background locations. The MAC values showed a distinct seasonal cycle at every station. This seasonality might be related to chemical composition and aging. We observed that the MAC value has a linear and positive proportionality with the non-absorbing matter mass fraction.The second part of the work focuses on the coating acquisition of BC and the induced absorption enhancement after long-range transport. Within the CLIMSLIP (climate impact of short-lived pollutants and methane in the Arctic) project field experiments were conducted at the Zeppelin research site in Svalbard, Norway, during the Arctic spring. SP2 data were used to characterize the BC size distribution and mixing. BC containing particles having a core diameter between 170 and 280 nm were found to have a median coating thickness of 47 nm. The relationship between coating thickness and BC absorption was simulated. The observed coating thickness enhanced the mass absorption cross section by 46%, which led to a decrease of less than 1% in the single scattering albedo.In the final part of this work, the role of black carbon as ice nuclei in mixed phase clouds was investigated at the high elevation measuring site Jungfraujoch (Switzerland) during the cloud and aerosol characterization experiment (CLACE) held in 2013. The ice-CVI inlet and a single particle soot photometer were used to select and quantify the ice activated BC particles. According to the observations, BC containing particles were depleted in the ice residuals. The activation efficiency showed a size dependency, with larger BC containing particles being activated more efficiently compared to smaller ones. Activated BC cores having a diameter between 170 and 240 nm showed a larger coating thickness (median = 53 nm) compared to the total aerosol (median = 16 nm).The results obtained in this thesis shed new light on the effect of the mixing state on the optical properties and cloud activation of black carbon particles. Absorbing properties of BC showed a distinct seasonal pattern, while aging was found to consistently increase its absorption behavior. However, black carbon was found not to act as ice nuclei in low tropospheric mixed-phase clouds, where the coating thickness might play a role in the activation efficiency. This work provides freshly determined physical properties derived from ambient observations that will improve the accuracy of future aerosol and cloud radiative forcing estimations

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Li, Po-Chien. « Effects of sales force control systems on salesperson job outcomes : a psychological climate and contingency perspective / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946274.

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Muller, Eric C. « Climate analysis of lightning launch commit criteria for Kennedy Space Center and Cape Canaveral Air Force Station ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FMuller.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.
Thesis Advisor(s): Murphree, Tom ; Jordan, Mary S. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Climate Analysis, Climate Variations, Climatology, Kennedy Space Center, Lightning Launch Commit Criteria, Lightning Probability, Long-range Forecasting, National Lightning Detection Network, Reanalysis, Space Vehicle Launch, Teleconnections, Triggered Lightning Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-109). Also available in print.

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Porter-Rodriguez, Jessica Amanda. « THE IMPACT OF THE MEDIEVAL CLIMATIC ANOMALY ON THE ARCHAEOLOGY AT EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE ». CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/542.

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A series of severe and prolonged droughts occurred throughout the Northern Hemisphere between approximately 1150 BP to 600 BP. This phenomenon is referred to as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and has been shown to have differentially impacted various regions of the world. Previous studies have suggested causal links between the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and observed culture change. The goal of this study was to examine the Antelope Valley region of the Mojave Desert for evidence of impacts on human populations related to the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. To achieve this goal, a sample selection of archaeological sites was chosen from lands within Edwards Air Force Base. These sites represented occupations which occurred immediately before, during, and after the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. Site assemblages were analyzed and compared by cultural period, with cross-comparisons made of artefactual and ecofactual constituents. Site densities and areal extents were also examined and compared. These analyses showed the emergence of trends concurrent with the introduction of the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. The data supports the hypothesis that humans who populated the Antelope Valley region of the Mojave Desert during this period may have engaged in population aggregation, with a tethered nomadism subsistence strategy. The data also shows evidence that upon the amelioration of the environment after the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, site characteristics within the region saw a significant shift. While the evidence generated by this study does suggest a link between climatic change experienced during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly and change observed within the archaeology of the Antelope Valley, it does not suggest climate as a sole, or even primary, causal factor. Rather, the intent of this study was to identify one possible variable responsible for observed change that occurred in the region. With this in mind, the Medieval Climatic Anomaly was found to have been significant enough to have either directly or indirectly impacted the prehistoric occupants of the study region.

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Sebbfolk, Annie. « L'union fait la force (géologique) : une analyse écocritique des Fourmis de Bernard Werber ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160984.

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The paper is an ecocritical analysis of the Empire of the ants, a book written in 1991 by Bernard Werber. Through this green reading, the author seeks to better understand how climate change is created from a social point of view and why, by inherence, it is so difficult to avert. As the book is largely a juxtaposition of the human society and that of ants, the author compares the two species in order to determine which one is better equipped to tackle climate change, as well as which factors, cultural, political or biological, allow for the necessary measures to be taken. The study finds that the complexity of climate change exceeds our understanding of time and space, making it impossible for us to imagine and consequently tackle in any satisfactory manner. Though ants display features superior to ours when it comes to carrying out this task, the study further concludes that there is an accompanying moral dilemma to such actions, as the environmentally profitable not always is in the best interest of individual lives.

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Dellinger, Myanna F. « Rethinking «Fuerza Mayor» in a World of Anthropogenic Climate Change ». Derecho & ; Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118876.

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This article addresses the question of whether extreme weather events should form the basis for individuals or even the States, may be exempted from complying with its legal obligations.The old, but still very viable institution of force majeure can empower both companies and nations to absolve themselves of their responsibilities and duties. However, in a world where human-induced climate change is proven, could we say that such disasters are truly«natural»? Does it make sense, from a legal and factual matter, that they continue to allow the parties to be exempt from liability when modern science has shown that in all probability people, not some enigmatic power, have caused most universally of the problems that hold us harmless looking?Force majeure is based on the idea that the «man» somehow is separate from «nature». This article challenges this idea and argues that, in many cases, no longer makes sense to apply the institution of force majeure. At least, judges should be very careful in doing so for reasons of public policy and allocation of risks. In addition, the contracting parties must have enough caution to claim that they may be able to exempt themselves from future liability clauses appealing «force majeure».
Este artículo aborda la pregunta sobre si los eventos de clima extremo deben servir de base para que los particulares o, incluso los Estados, puedan eximirse de cumplir con sus obligaciones legales.La antigua, pero aún muy viable, institución de la fuerza mayor, puede facultar tanto a las empresas como a los Estados-Nación a eximirse de sus responsabilidades y deberes. Sin embargo, en un mundo donde el cambio climático antropogénico está probado,¿podríamos decir que tales desastres son verdaderamente «naturales»? ¿Acaso tiene sentido, desde un punto de vista legal y fáctico, que se les siga permitiendo a las partes eximirse de responsabilidad legal cuando la ciencia moderna ha demostrado con toda probabilidad que, las personas -no algún misterioso poder universal- han ocasionado la mayoría de los problemas por los que buscamos eximirnos de responsabilidad?La fuerza mayor se basa en la idea de que el «hombre», de alguna manera, se encuentra separado de la «naturaleza». Este artículo cuestiona esta idea y argumenta que, en muchos casos, ya no tiene sentido aplicar la institución de la fuerza mayor. Al menos, los jueces deben ser muy cuidadosos al hacerlo por razones de política pública y asignación de riesgos, así como las partes contratantes deben tener la suficiente precaución al pensar o pretender que pueden ser capaces de eximirse de responsabilidad futura invocando cláusulas de «fuerza mayor».

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Stevignon, Anne. « Le temps qu’il fait et le droit des obligations : de l’influence du changement climatique sur l’appréhension des phénomènes météorologiques ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA020071.

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De la confrontation du temps qu’il fait et du droit des obligations émerge une analyse féconde à une époque où le climat est de plus en plus au cœur des préoccupations. L’appréhension du temps qu’il fait par le droit des obligations se décline traditionnellement au passé et à l’avenir : au passé, lorsque le phénomène météorologique dommageable est survenu, il s’agit alors de lui apporter un remède lorsqu’il est qualifié d’anormal ; à l’avenir, lorsque le temps qu’il fait est principalement vu comme un risque qu’il s’agit de circonscrire pour ne pas mettre en danger l’opération contractuelle projetée. Le changement climatique est appelé à exercer une influence sur ces deux dimensions. En premier lieu, les principaux remèdes actuellement apportés aux conséquences dommageables de certains phénomènes météorologiques qualifiés d’anormaux sont appelés à évoluer, tandis que le changement climatique engendré par les émissions de gaz à effet de serre transforme la perception du temps qu’il fait. Ce constat conduit à s’interroger sur le rôle que pourrait jouer la responsabilité civile dans l’éventuelle réparation des dommages attribués aux dérèglements climatiques. En second lieu, si l’appréhension des risques météorologiques par le contrat connaît un nouvel essor sous l’influence du changement climatique, le droit des obligations est désormais confronté à l’apparition d’un nouveau risque, celui de l’aggravation du changement climatique. Tant le contrat que la responsabilité civile sont conduits à participer à la prévention de ce risque
From the confrontation of the weather and the law of obligations emerges a fruitful analysis at a time when the climate is increasingly at the heart of societal concerns. The understanding of the weather in the law of obligations has traditionally been applied to the past and the future: in the past, when a harmful weather phenomenon has occurred, it is a matter of providing a remedy when the phenomenon is considered abnormal; in the future, when the weather is mainly seen as a risk that must be contained in order not to endanger the contractual operation. Climate change is expected to influence the understanding of those two dimensions. First, the main remedies currently being applied to the harmful consequences of certain weather phenomena described as abnormal are likely to change, while climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions is changing the perception of the weather. This observation raises questions about the role that civil liability could play in the possible repair of damage attributed to climate change. Secondly, while the contract’s understanding of meteorological risks is undergoing a new upswing under the influence of climate change, the law of obligations is now confronted with the emergence of a new risk, that of aggravating climate change. Both the contract and civil liability are required to participate in the prevention of this risk

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Smith, William D. « The effect of the force of love in influencing a positive organizational climate as perceived by project managers of Fortune 500 companies ». Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Gebhard, Charles C. (Charles Craig). « A study of the effects of acquisition policy on the climate for technological innovation in the procurement of U.S. Air Force weapon systems ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17225.

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Livres sur le sujet "Forcage du climat"

Canadian Climate Program. Task Force on Climate Adaptation. Adaptation to climatic variability and change : Report of the Task Force on Climate Adaptation, The Canadian Climate Program. Guelph, Ont : Dept. of Geography, University of Guelph, 1993.

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Press, A. J. Heavy weather : Climate and the Australian Defence Force. Canberra] : ASPI, 2013.

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Bergin, Anthony. A change in climate for the Australian Defence Force. Barton : Australian Strategic Policy Institute, 2007.

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Change, Illinois Task Force on Global Climate. A climate change action plan for Illinois : Report of the Task Force on Global Climate Change. Springfield, IL : Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources, 1994.

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Manitoba Climate Change Task Force. Manitoba and climate change : Investing in our future : report of the Manitoba Climate Change Task Force. Winnipeg : Manitoba Climate Change Task Force, 2001.

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United States. Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force. Federal actions for a climate resilient nation : Progress report of the Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force. Washington, DC : Interagency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force, 2011.

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Caine, Rachel. Gale Force. New York : Penguin Group (USA), Inc., 2008.

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Change, United States Task Force on the Comprehensive Approach to Climate. A comprehensive approach to addressing potential climate change : Report of the Task Force on the Comprehensive Approach to Climate Change. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of Justice, 1991.

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Caine, Rachel. Gale force : A weather warden novel. New York : Roc/New American Library, 2008.

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National Governors' Association. Task Force on Global Climate Change., dir. A world of difference : Report of the Task Force on Global Climate Change. Washington, D.C : National Governors' Association, 1990.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Forcage du climat"

Cheramie, Kristi, et Antonella De Michelis. « On Climate, Fever, and Force ». Dans Through Time and the City, 97–139. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315661650-6.

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Christiansen, Silke Marie. « Climate Change and the Use of Force ». Dans Climate Conflicts - A Case of International Environmental and Humanitarian Law, 149–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27945-9_6.

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Scheitlin, Kelsey N., et James B. Elsner. « A Track-Relative Climatology of Eglin Air Force Base Hurricanes in a Variable Climate ». Dans Hurricanes and Climate Change, 217–29. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9510-7_13.

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Ferguson, Scott. « “Solidarity Is a Force Stronger Than Gravity” : Money, Aesthetics, and the Abstractness of Care ». Dans Care, Climate, and Debt, 185–202. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96355-2_10.

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Roggema, Rob, et Sven Stremke. « Networks as the Driving Force for Climate Design ». Dans Advances in Global Change Research, 91–116. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4378-6_5.

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Tudor, R. Keith, Lou E. Pelton et H. David Strutton. « The Relationship Between Psychological Climate and Sales Force Training ». Dans Proceedings of the 1993 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 308–16. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13159-7_69.

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Maier-Reimer, E. « The driving force of brine rejection on the deepwater formation in the Hamburg LSG OGCM ». Dans Ice in the Climate System, 211–16. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85016-5_13.

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Siew, Renard Y. J. « Adoption of the Task Force for Climate Financial Disclosures (TCFD) in Malaysia ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies, 2215–27. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42462-6_40.

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Siew, Renard Y. J. « Adoption of the Task Force for Climate Financial Disclosures (TCFD) in Malaysia ». Dans The Palgrave Handbook of Climate Resilient Societies, 1–14. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32811-5_40-1.

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Hafner, Manfred, Pier Paolo Raimondi et Benedetta Bonometti. « Domestic and International Drivers and Challenges for the Energy Transformation in the MENA Region ». Dans The Energy Sector and Energy Geopolitics in the MENA Region at a Crossroad, 27–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30705-8_2.

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AbstractThe chapter examines the domestic and international drivers and obstacles for the transformation in the MENA region. It outlines the major domestic sociopolitical and economic features that could both incentivize and discourage the energy transformation in the region. These are the pervasive role of oil rents, high energy subsidies, high dependence on cheap imported labour force and low role of private sector. The transformation is also pushed by rising international climate pressure but also the need to adapt and mitigate the existing negative consequences of climate change in the region, which are expected to exacerbate the regional fragile environment (e.g. rising temperatures and sea levels as well as water stress and scarcity).

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Forcage du climat"

Luevanos, Anthony. « Climate Change : The Applied Force of Student Voice ». Dans 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC : AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2006776.

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Yahya, Nurhidayah. « Task Force On Climate Disclosure : Examining Challenges And Opportunities ». Dans International Conference in Technology, Humanities and Management. European Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2023.11.71.

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KRIAUČIŪNAITĖ-NEKLEJONOVIENĖ, Vilma, Vaiva STRAVINSKIENĖ, Rimanta CIBULSKAITĖ et Donatas REKUS. « THE ASPECTS AND BENEFITS OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE RURAL DEVELOPMENT MEASURE AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ». Dans RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.108.

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It is planned to ensure the balanced development of the country's territory, creating and maintaining a healthy and harmonious human habitat and natural elements of the countryside and ensuring overall ecological stability by means of the agri-environmental protection activity measures RDP. As part of the EU's rural development policy, the tool for improving agri-environmental and climatic conditions has been continuously improved. The paper analyzes the differences between the 2007 -2013 RDP measure „Agri-environmental payments” and 2014-2020 RDP measure "Agri-environment and climate". Comparison of the 4 directions of the 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 RDP measure "Agri-environment and climate" according to the individual criteria for each direction indicate that the program rules are adjusted in a beneficial direction for both parties in close cooperation between the responsible authorities and the beneficiaries. In 2007-2013 it has been established that RDP measure "Agri-environmental payments" covered a much wider range of directions, and in 2014-2020, the RDP measure "Agri-environment and climate" had a slightly narrower range of directions, but more specific and clearer rules. However, the desired results can not be achieved. The greatest benefit of the measure is the improved biodiversity of the country. The main driving force for agri-environmental measures is financial support.

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Obradović, Titomir. « Green tehnologies – solutions for climat change adaptation ». Dans 36th International Congress on process engineering. SMEITS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/ptk.023.101.

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The impacts of climate change are here and in force. In 2022 alone, several tragic records have been broken, and the trend towards more frequent, extreme weather events such as rainfall and flooding is becoming more apparent every year. Adaptation is necessary. Green innovation and technology have solutions to offer. However, it's not a matter relying on quick fixes and scaling up of a few major breakthrough solutions. It's instead a matter of developing and deploying thousands of solutions at all levels of sophistication. But it would also be wrong to believe that innovation and technology can solve everything. They cannot. Technology is no substitute for a broad range of fundamental and necessary changes to the way we produce and consume. Technology can help us tackle some of the worst impacts of climate change. And innovation is the key to unlocking technology's power to advance adaptation action. Innovation is key critical to developed and developing countries alike. It is fudamenial to sectors demanding creativity, ingenuity and 'thinking outside the box' to address the increasingly complex issues caused and exacerbated by climate change. As the most recent IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report states with high confidence, rising temperatures are a serious and mounting threat to human life, biodiversity and infrastructure. Each year that passes shows us that no country will escape the impacts of climate change.

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MACAROF, Paul, et Paul-Marian GHERASIM. « STUDYING THE COHERENCE VALUES FOR UHI : A CASE STUDY OF IASI ». Dans SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2021.22.16.

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Thermal properties of surface, Earth’s surface energy balance and atmospheric conditions effect the land surface dramatically. Local and global change continues in the Earth’s climate since the industrial era continues. The urban heat island (UHI) represents the phenomenon of higher atmospheric and surface temperatures occurring in urban area or metropolitan area than in the surrounding rural zones due to urbanization. UHI is most noticeable during the summer and winter. The main cause of the UHI effect is from the modification of land surfaces. In this research was using MODIS and SENTINEL data. From SENTINEL images was extracted coherence maps to determine values of this parameter in areas where UHI was notice. Coherence for SUHI range from 0.20 to 0.89 for day and varies for night between 0.23-0.89.

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ILIE, Vlad-Alexandru, Adina-Eliza CROITORU et Titus-Cristian MAN. « NORD ATLANTIC CYCLONES TRACKS IN EUROPE AND THEIR INFLUENCE OVER AMOUNT OF PRECIPITATION RECORDED IN ROMANIA (1985-2015) ». Dans SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.27.

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The region of Romania is characterized in terms of continental temperate climate with oceanic influences. Thus, the precipitation regime and the thermal regime in this part of Europe are strongly influenced by the frequency of cyclones whose trajectories cross Europe from west to east coming from the Atlantic Ocean. The present study analyzes the variation of the amount of precipitation in Romania depending on the frequency and variation of the geographical position of the trajectories of the North Atlantic cyclones in the area of the European continent. Using the classic method of identification and tracking, 1189 cyclones were found that crossed Europe north of the Alps in a period of 30 years between December 1, 1985 - November 30, 2015, of which 71% generated precipitation in Romania. Their influence on the amount recorded at meteorological stations in Romania varies between 43% in the northwest of the country to 13% in the southern regions.

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Hadianti, Atrida, Leni Sophia Heliani, Widya Nayati et Adhy Kurniawan. « Development and Institutionalization of Community Education for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Small Island Areas Based on Local Wisdom in North Tabukan, Sangihe Regency Islands ». Dans 3rd International Conference on Community Engagement and Education for Sustainable Development. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.151.11.

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Small islands in Indonesia are vulnerable to disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides, one of which is the Sangihe Islands. This condition is exacerbated by climate change that is occurring and has an impact on people’s economic activities, especially in the agricultural and fisheries sectors. Climate change also affects the availability of natural resources, making them unstable and vulnerable. The activities for developing and empowering adaptation and mitigation strategies in Sangihe Islands Regency aim to overcome climate change problems through developing educational models, empowerment, community capacity, and development of the disaster task force and ProKlim. This activity uses multi-actor and multi-sector collaboration methods with a participatory and persuasive bottom-up approach adapted to local wisdom. The activity was carried out in stages: developing the E-MISI learning model, developing a policy brief, institutionalizing the disaster and ProKlim task force, increasing institutional capacity, and evaluating the learning model through FGDs. The results of the activities show that 75% - 80% of the task force already know about the impacts of climate change, adaptation, mitigation actions, and the role and resolution of the task force. The ProKlim task force’s capacity also increased by 40–50% over its last activity in 2021. It is necessary to develop education for the broader community by internalizing an educational model for climate change adaptation and mitigation into formal and informal education to achieve community resilience towards climate change in small islands.

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Paik, Sarah, Thushara Gunda et Nicole Jackson. « Climate Change Resilience in Chemical Facilities : Data Visualization Support Using R Shiny. » Dans Proposed for presentation at the 2022 Sandia FORCEE Summer Research Symposium held August 11-11, 2022 in virtual, virtual virtual. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2004313.

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Cumpsty, Nicholas A. « Preparing for the Future : Reducing Gas Turbine Environmental Impact ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2009 : Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60367.

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In the long term the price of fuel will rise and it is now urgent to reduce carbon dioxide emissions to avoid catastrophic climate change. This lecture looks at power plant for electricity generation and aircraft propulsion, considering likely limits and possibilities for improvement. There are lessons from land-based gas turbines which can be applied to aircraft, notably the small increases in efficiency from further increase in pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature. Land-based gas turbines also point to the benefit of combining the properties of water with those of air to raise efficiency. Whereas the incentive to raise efficiency and reduce CO2 will force an increase in complexity of land-based power plant, the opportunities for this with aircraft are more limited. One of the opportunities with aircraft propulsion is to consider the whole aircraft operation and specification. Currently the specification for new aircraft of take-off and climb thrust are not fully consistent with designing the engine for minimum fuel consumption and this will be addressed in some depth in the lecture. Preparing for the future entails alerting engineers to important possibilities and limitations associated with gas turbines which will mitigate climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions.

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DRAKE, C. « Environmental test capabilities of the Air Force McKinley Climatic Laboratory ». Dans 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston, Virigina : American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-89.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Forcage du climat"

Cavalcanti, Tiago, Zenia Hasna et Cezar Santos. Climate Change Mitigation Policies : Aggregate and Distributional Effects. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004535.

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We evaluate the aggregate and distributional effects of climate change mitigation policies using a multi-sector equilibrium model with intersectoral input-output linkages and worker heterogeneity calibrated to different countries. The introduction of carbon taxes leads to changes in relative prices and inputs reallocation, including labor. For the United States, reaching its original Paris Agreement pledge would imply at most a 0.8% drop in output. This impact is distributed asymmetrically across sectors and individuals. Workers with a comparative advantage in dirty energy sectors who do not reallocate suffer a welfare loss at least six times larger than workers in other sectors, but constitute less than 2% of the US labor force.

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Dugan, Jr, Lumbard William R. et Michael B. The Attorney - Client Privilege in the Air Force : Who is the Client ? Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177867.

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Odarno, Lily, et Grace Mbungu. Expert Interview with Dr. Lily Odarno Director of Energy and Climate Innovation Africa (CATF). APRI - Africa Policy Research Private Institute gUG (haftungsbeschränkt)., décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59184/sa.035.

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This interview is with Dr. Lily Odarno, the director of the Energy and Climate Innovation Program in Africa at the Clean Air Task Force (CATF). In conversation with Dr. Grace Mbungu, Senior Fellow and Head of the Climate Change Program, Lily explores the missed opportunities and pressing priorities for African stakeholders in the global climate debate. They also discuss insights from the Africa Climate Summit, offering a fresh perspective on the path towards sustainable climate and energy action in Africa.

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Rodriguez, Irvin, Sarah K. Bruch, Rhea Burns et Tessa Heeren. Iowa City Community School District Multi-Stakeholder School Climate Task Force. Iowa City, Iowa : University of Iowa Public Policy Center, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/ud4o-97kg.

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Christiansen, Bo, Nis Jepsen, Rigel Kivi, Georg H. Hansen, Niels Larsen et Ulrik S. Korsholm. Time series analysis of Arctic tropospheric ozone as short-lived climate force. Nordic Council of Ministers, octobre 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/na2015-918.

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Pérez S., Rodrigo, Mayarí Castillo et Chiara Cazzuffi. Droughts, Women and Indigenous People in Chile : Assessing the Impacts on Income and Employment. Inter-American Development Bank, novembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005273.

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Climate change is a pressing issue, affecting the lives of all people across the world. However, poorer and excluded communities are usually more affected, especially in low-income countries. Among them, women but particularly indigenous groups in rural areas seem to bear the bulk of the impacts produced by climate change and its many manifestations. We study the relationship between droughts and incomes and labor market outcomes in Chile over the period 1990-2017, focusing in particular on indigenous women. Our results show that overall indigenous women are the group most severely affected by droughts, decreasing their income, their probability of working in agriculture, and increasing their likelihood of working as an unpaid family worker or being out of the labor force. Results are robust to the use of different variables to measure droughts and to different econometric specifications. Our study corroborates the existence of marked heterogenous effects of climate change on different population groups and the vulnerability of indigenous communities to these shocks.

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Prada, María Fernanda, et Graciana Rucci. Skills for Work in Latin America and the Caribbean : Unlocking Talent for a Sustainable and Equitable Future. Inter-American Development Bank, septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005160.

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Skills for work are undoubtedly a transformative force for Latin America and the Caribbean. The developed countries' experience has shown that when a country's labor force responds efficiently to the human capital needs of companies and the economy, labor productivity is boosted leading to higher and sustainable economic growth. Through the TVET Fund, IDB is promoting innovative solutions and demonstrating how skills systems can take advantage of the opportunities presented by the fourth industrial revolution, gender and diversity, ageing, climate change and COVID-19, which will be essential in achieving a sustainable and equitable future in the region. This dossier contains 17 initiatives that show how to unlock talent using, for example, artificial intelligence to guide job retraining, introducing modern courses to offer training in green skills, and training programs to facilitate remote work and meet the increasing demand for digital services globally.

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Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson et Brian L. Wallace. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 1. January. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, juillet 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227122.

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Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson et Brian L. Wallace. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 2. February. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, septembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227123.

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Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson et Brian L. Wallace. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 3. March. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227124.

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