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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Fouline »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Fouline"

Peiris, R. H., H. Budman, R. L. Legge, and C. Moresoli. "Assessing irreversible fouling behavior of membrane foulants in the ultrafiltration of natural water using principal component analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (2011): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.025.

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Natural river water is comprised of different foulant components such as natural organic matter and colloidal/particulate matter. Both individual and combined contributions of these foulant components results in different fouling behaviour. The ability to characterize these contributions that lead to reversible and irreversible membrane fouling would be beneficial for the implementation of fouling monitoring and control strategies for membrane-based drinking water treatment operations. A fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and principal component analysis-based approach was able to qualita

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Meng, Xianghao, Shujuan Meng, and Yu Liu. "The Limitations in Current Studies of Organic Fouling and Future Prospects." Membranes 11, no. 12 (2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120922.

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Microfiltration and ultrafiltration for water/wastewater treatment have gained global attention due to their high separation efficiency, while membrane fouling still remains one of their bottlenecks. In such a situation, many researchers attempt to obtain a deep understanding of fouling mechanisms and to develop effective fouling controls. Therefore, this article intends to trigger discussions on the appropriate choice of foulant surrogates and the application of mathematic models to analyze fouling mechanisms in these filtration processes. It has been found that the commonly used foulant surr

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Moyo, Welldone, Machawe M. Motsa, Nhamo Chaukura, et al. "Fundamental fouling mechanisms of dissolved organic matter fractions and their implications on the surface modifications of ceramic nanofiltration membranes: insights from a laboratory scale application." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1702–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.419.

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Abstract This work reports on the fundamental factors influencing inter-foulant and foulant-membrane interactions during simulated dissolved organic matter removal using ceramic nanofiltration. Fouling tests were performed using sodium alginate (SAL), humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as model foulants. Fouling potentials of each foulant and their mixtures were investigated using feed solutions containing fixed concentrations of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ with a total ionic strength of 10 mM. The impact of modification by atomic layer deposition on fouling mitigation was also assessed

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Buchori, Luqman, Heru Susanto, and Budiyono Budiyono. "SINTESIS MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI NON FOULING UNTUK APLIKASI PEMPROSESAN BAHAN PANGAN." Reaktor 13, no. 1 (2010): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.13.1.10-15.

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Membran ultrafiltrasi (UF) telah terbukti sebagai proses yang menjanjikan untuk aplikasi di bidang pemprosesan bahan pangan. Namun, peristiwa fouling dapat menurunkan kinerja membran secara signifikan. Meskipun banyak metode pengendalian fouling telah diusulkan, dalam banyak kasus kinerja proses sangat dipengaruhi oleh membran sebagai jantung dari proses. Dalam makalah ini pengendalian fouling dilakukan dengan memodifikasi permukaan membran dengan teknik kopolimerisasi foto-grafting. Acrylic acid (AA), acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), d

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Xu, Tingting, Jie Song, and Guangli Xiu. "Study on the cross-flow ultrafiltration of mixtures of macromolecular organic and inorganic salts." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 6 (2022): 1754–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2022.066.

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Abstract Ultrafiltration (UF) has been widely applied to water treatment in the past few decades, but severe membrane fouling is one of the most significant obstacles for its further development. In reality, the constituents of feed water are complex, and the fouling behavior could be different from that induced by a single foulant. In this study, the membrane fouling induced by mixed organic foulant (sodium alginate, SA) and inorganic ions under various conditions were investigated. The effects of ion concentration and valence on the combined fouling as well as the rejection performance were

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Yan, Linlin, Ruixue Li, Yu Song, et al. "Characterization of the Fouling Layer on the Membrane Surface in a Membrane Bioreactor: Evolution of the Foulants’ Composition and Aggregation Ability." Membranes 9, no. 7 (2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes9070085.

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In this study, the characteristics of membrane foulants were analyzed with regard to morphology, composition, and aggregation ability during the three stages of transmembrane pressure (TMP) development (fast–slow–fast rise in TMP) in a steady operational membrane bioreactor (MBR). The results obtained show that the fouling layer at the slow TMP-increase stage possessed a higher average roughness (71.27 nm) and increased fractal dimension (2.33), which resulted in a low membrane fouling rate (0.87 kPa/d). A higher extracellular DNA (eDNA) proportion (26.12%) in the extracellular polymeric subst

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Nghiem, Long Duc, Christiane Espendiller, and Gerd Braun. "Influence of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of sulphamethoxazole by nanofiltration membranes." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 1 (2008): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.647.

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This study investigated the effects of organic and colloidal fouling on the removal of a representative micropollutant sulphamethoxazole by two commercially available NF membranes. Alginate, bovine serum albumin and colloidal silica were selected as model foulants to simulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic fractions, and colloidal matter that are often found in treated effluent and surface water. Membrane fouling was related to the membrane and foulant characteristics and subsequently the separation behaviour of the micropollutant sulphamethoxazole under different solution pH. On the basi

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Azari, Sara, Linda Zou, Emile Cornelissen, and Yasushito Mukai. "Facile fouling resistant surface modification of microfiltration cellulose acetate membranes by using amino acid l-DOPA." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 4 (2013): 901–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.292.

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A major obstacle in the widespread application of microfiltration membranes in the wet separation processes such as wastewater treatment is the decline of permeates flux as a result of fouling. This study reports on the surface modification of cellulose acetate (CA) microfiltration membrane with amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (l-DOPA) to improve fouling resistance of the membrane. The membrane surface was characterised using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water contact angle and zeta potential measurement. Porosity measurement showed a slight decrease in membrane por

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AlQasas, Neveen, and Daniel Johnson. "Combined Effects of Surface Roughness, Solubility Parameters, and Hydrophilicity on Biofouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes." Membranes 14, no. 11 (2024): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14110235.

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The fouling of protein on the surface of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is a surface phenomenon strongly dependent on the physical and chemical characteristics of both the membrane surface and the foulant molecule. Much of the focus on fouling mitigation is on the synthesis of more hydrophilic membrane materials. However, hydrophilicity is only one of several factors affecting foulant attachment. A more systematic and rationalized methodology is needed to screen the membrane materials for the synthesis of fouling-resistant materials, which will ensure the prevention of the accumulation of foul

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Ouyang, Rulu, Bin Huang, Chun-Hai Wei, et al. "Cake Layer Fouling Potential Characterization for Wastewater Reverse Osmosis via Gradient Filtration." Membranes 12, no. 8 (2022): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080810.

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It is of great importance to quantitatively characterize feed fouling potential for the effective and efficient prevention and control of reverse osmosis membrane fouling. A gradient filtration method with microfiltration (MF 0.45 μm) → ultrafiltration (UF 100 kDa) → nanofiltration (NF 300 Da) was proposed to extract the cake layer fouling index, I, of different feed foulants in this study. MF, UF, and NF showed high rejection of model suspended solids (kaolin), colloids (sodium alginate and bovine serum albumin), and dissolved organic matters (humic acid) during constant-pressure individual f

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Thèses sur le sujet "Fouline"

Borea, Laura. "Advanced MBR processes for wastewater treatment and energy production." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2491.

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2014 - 2015<br>More stringent standards on water quality along with the shortage of vater resources have led to the development of advanced wastewater treatment processes, in order to ensure the respect of discharge limits and the reuse of trated water... [edited by author]<br>XIV n.s.

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Alharthi, Majed. "Fouling and cleaning studies of protein fouling at pasteurisation temperatures." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4892/.

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Fouling and cleaning processes impact industrial production, in terms of economics, product quality, product safety, and plant efficiency. Therefore, optimisation of fouling and cleaning processes is a significant issue, and needs a good understanding of fouling and cleaning kinetics. Ideal monitors should determine the right time when a process run should stop and when a plant will be clean in order to improve the process efficiency. This thesis investigated the fouling and cleaning behaviour of dairy fluids in a plate heat exchanger (PHE) and bench scale fouling rig, using whey protein conce

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Aryal, Ashok. "Investigation of pre-treatment used for organic foulant removal from wastewater effluent on fouling of membranes used for wastewater treatment and reuse." Thesis, Curtin University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1891.

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The volume of global water is very large. However, the source of water on the globe is finite and also distributed in quite uneven manner. In addition to this, freshwater source is dwindling and becoming scarce from human intervention including anthropogenic input, reduced rainfall due to climate change and increased water demand for drinking, hydropower, irrigation and industrial use combine with increasing pollution load from urban, industrial and agricultural discharges. This results many part of the world with only limited or no fresh water source to meet the increasing water demand. So, d

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Fryer, P. J. "Modelling heat exchanger fouling." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377221.

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Helalizadeh, Abbas. "Mixed salt crystallisation fouling." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2002. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844179/.

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The main purpose of this investigation was to study the mechanisms of mixed salt crystallisation fouling on heat transfer surfaces during convective heat transfer and sub-cooled flow boiling conditions. To-date no investigations on the effects of operating parameters on the deposition of mixtures of calcium sulphate and calcium carbonate, which are the most common constituents of scales formed on heat transfer surfaces, have been reported. As part of this research project, a substantial number of experiments were performed to determine the mechanisms controlling deposition. Fluid velocity, hea

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Lewis, William J. T. "Advanced studies of membrane fouling : investigation of cake fouling using fluid dynamic gauging." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646145.

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Membrane filtrations are widely used in process industries but are almost always limited by fouling, a highly studied and significant problem. This is defined as unwanted material deposited on a membrane surface or within its pores, which can significantly impair performance and/or reduce operating life. The strategies to mitigate fouling include cleaning in place, modified membranes, and optimisation of operating conditions. In order to correctly select or target improvements to any such measures a detailed mechanistic understanding of the fouling process is important, which requires more tha

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Shi, Xinlong. "Membrane fouling of activated sludge." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30731884.

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Sandberg, Jan. "Fouling in biomass fired boilers." Licentiate thesis, Västerås : Department of Public Technology, Mälardalen University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-219.

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Sandberg, Jan. "Fouling in biomass fired boilers." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13204.

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This thesis describes a detailed investigation into fouling in biomass fired boilers according to fuel mixture, combustion conditions, transportation of particles by the flue gas and the probability of particles impinging and sticking onto heat transfer tubes. The effects of fouling on overall boiler performance and the efficacy of soot blowing are also investigated. Both theoretical simulations and practical experiments on a 157 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler are presented. The deposit thickness on and around a heat exchanger tube is shown to be mainly dependent on the ash particle size,

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Bradley, Stuart Edward. "Fouling resistant heat exchanger design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239799.

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Livres sur le sujet "Fouline"

Huuhilo, Tiina. Fouling, prevention of fouling, and cleaning in filtration. Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2005.

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Simone, Dürr, and Thomason Jeremy, eds. Biofouling. Blackwell, 2010.

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Dürr, Simone. Biofouling. Blackwell, 2010.

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Tsados, Andrew. Gas-side fouling studies. University of Birmingham, 1986.

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Melo, L. F., T. R. Bott, and C. A. Bernardo, eds. Fouling Science and Technology. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2813-8.

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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Advances in Fouling Science and Technology (1987 Alvor, Portugal). Fouling science and technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1988.

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Bott, T. R. Fouling of heat exchangers. Elsevier, 1995.

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V, Bocharov B., and Institut problem ėkologii i ėvoli͡u︡t͡s︡ii im. A.N. Severt͡s︡ova., eds. Biopovrezhdenii͡a︡, obrastanie i zashchita ot nego: Klimaticheskie, biokhimicheskie i ėkotoksikologicheskie faktory. "Nauka", 1996.

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Partaly, E. M. Obrastanie v Azovskom more =: Fouling in the Sea of Azov. Renata, 2003.

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Zvi︠a︡gint︠s︡ev, A. I︠U︡. Morskoe obrastanie v severo-zapadnoĭ chasti Tikhogo okeana. Dalʹnauka, 2005.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Fouline"

Giorno, Lidietta, and Napoleone D’Agostino. "Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_366.

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Giorno, Lidietta, and Napoleone D’Agostino. "Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_366-1.

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Thulukkanam, Kuppan. "Fouling." In Heat Exchangers. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352068-2.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Fouling." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5254.

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Somerscales, Euan F. C. "Fouling." In Two-Phase Flow Heat Exchangers. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2790-2_12.

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Howell, J. A., and M. Nyström. "Fouling Phenomena." In Membranes in Bioprocessing: Theory and Applications. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2156-9_6.

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1282.

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Le-Clech, Pierre. "Reversible Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1709.

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D’Agostino, Napoleone, and Lidietta Giorno. "Fouling Index." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_239.

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Fane, Tony. "Irreversible Fouling." In Encyclopedia of Membranes. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_328.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Fouline"

Richter, Sonja, Jay Locklear, Mohsen Achour, Thomas Baugh, Probjot Singh, and Ross Goff. "Control of Corrosion Inhibitor Fouling in a Highly Sour System." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10918.

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Abstract Black tar-like fouling material was driving frequent shut-downs and increasing corrosion in the inlet area of a gas plant that processes lean gas with high acid gas content (68%CH4, 20%CO2 and 12%H2S). Analytical work indicated that the nitrogen containing corrosion inhibitor (CI) polymerized with sulfur compounds (polysulfides, elemental sulfur and/or H2S) in a type of a vulcanization process resulting in a hard-to-clean insoluble fouling product. Corrosion testing confirmed the role of the CI in creating this fouling. A customized autoclave testing was designed to include powdered e

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Beardwood, Edward S., and Jerry K. Therrien. "Implications of Various Dispersants on Biofilm Clean up Processes." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99301.

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Abstract A microbiologically fouled industrial cooling water system was investigated utilizing a portable corrosion and fouling monitor according to the NACE RPO189-951 Standard. Baseline data was established and at which time the monitor was subjected to various dispersants (3) typically used for organic and microbiological deposit removal. The results of this in-field, side stream, experiment on a dynamic system will be presented. A number of key points and factors influencing the performance of the foulant clean up will also be discussed.

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Amjad, Zahid. "Scale Inhibition in Desalination Applications: an Overview." In CORROSION 1996. NACE International, 1996. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1996-96230.

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Abstract Desalination is a process in which dissolved impurities are removed from water. Three processes commonly employed include: distillation, electrodialysis, and reverse osmosis. This paper provides a general discussion of various desalination processes including advantages and disadvantages of each, performance comparisons, and problems encountered in the operation of the process. An in-depth discussion of fouling by mineral scales, colloidal matter, and metal hydroxides is also included. The role of the foulant control agent in treating a desalination system is also presented. Basic che

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Santos, B. G. "Corrosion and Fouling in Petrochemical Environments." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09163.

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Abstract Although petrochemical process streams are primarily composed of hydrocarbons, corrosion and fouling is observed in various locations and environments in operating plants. An electrochemical high temperature and high pressure facility is used to study the corrosion behaviour of carbon, low alloy and stainless steels in several petrochemical environments. The electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry and open circuit potential measurements are used to study the effect of metallurgy and surface roughness on the initiation of corrosion/fouling on carbon and stainless steels i

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Eaton, P. E. "Fouling Test for Refinery Process Equipment." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93398.

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Abstract Heated surfaces and heat exchanger data are used to evaluate refinery process side fouling in the laboratory and plant environments. The effects of operating parameters such as crude type, velocity, and surface temperature are represented.

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Beardwood, E. S., P. Bierganns, and T. M. Duncan. "A Novel Fouling Sensor for Aqueous Systems." In CORROSION 2018. NACE International, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2018-10674.

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Abstract Deposits on surfaces in water – bearing systems, also known as “fouling,” can lead to substantial losses in the performance of industrial processes as well as a decrease in product quality and asset life. Early detection and reduction of such deposits can, to a considerable extent, avoid such losses. However, most of the surfaces that become fouled, for example, in process water transport pipes, membrane systems, power plants, food and beverage industries to name a few, are difficult to access and the analysis of the water phase do not reveal the extent of the deposits. Furthermore, i

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Weinell, Claus E., Jan Roll, and Nicholas Marsh. "Anti-Fouling Silicone Elastomers for Offshore Structures." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06030.

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Abstract For offshore structures, marine fouling is a major economic and technical problem and the development of the offshore oil and gas industry has led to an increased focus on this topic. Accumulated fouling on the jackets of oil platforms will increase hydrodynamic load on the structure because of increased drag resistance to e.g. tidal current. Fouling also makes inspection and maintenance difficult either because of the need of free-space for non-destructive testing (NDT) or reference markers may be hidden. Hard shell fouling such as barnacles exert pressure on the surface to which the

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Zuniga, Patricia, Howard Klee, Kenneth Miller, and Michael Winters. "Experiences with an On-Line Fouling Monitor." In CORROSION 1990. NACE International, 1990. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1990-90363.

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Abstract The evolution of cooling water treatment programs has been proceeding at a very fast pace in the last few years. The treatment of cooling water has become more difficult and a variety of complex chemical treatment programs are offered by the water treating vendors to handle all the potential operating problems. The monitoring of chromate-based programs relied on the use of corrosion coupons and probes under non-heat flux conditions. The use of non-chromate programs operating at an alkaline pH created a positive scaling index. The monitor described in this paper can track the deposit c

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Tyson, Lyndsey, and Ian Fletcher. "Novel Slime Release Biocide Free Technology." In CORROSION 2014. NACE International, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2014-4468.

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Abstract Industrial inefficiency as the result of bio-fouling accumulation is well-known. The build-up of fouling can compromise power plants and water treatment facilities that rely on optimized water flow. Hard animal fouling can also affect the structural integrity of offshore oil and gas facilities. Over the years coatings suppliers have mainly addressed the issue of bio-fouling build-up on the outside of marine vessels by using anti-fouling coatings that use active biocides to deter fouling growth. Biocide-free elastomer technology has also been developed that is particularly effective at

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Sharma, Arjun, Tariq S. Khan, Ebrahim Al Hajri, and Md Islam. "Morphological Characterization of Fouling on Air Cooled Fin Fan Heat Exchangers." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66972.

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In today’s fast growing world where availability of energy has become a major concern, the cost of performance demands optimum heat exchange performance over extended periods of operational times. Fouling is one major factor that drastically affects heat exchanger performance. Most of the oil & gas processing plants in the Middle East are located in deserts. Due to scarcity of water most of the installed heat exchangers are air-cooled. These heat exchangers are at high risk of low performance due to dusty/sticky particulate fouling. In order to identify possible active/passive methods to c

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Fouline"

Xu, Xuewei. Development of Low Fouling and High Fouling-release Zwitterionic Marine Coatings. Defense Technical Information Center, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627839.

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Malik, Aslam A. Fluoroelastomer Fouling Release Coating. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351696.

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Kuru, W. C., and C. B. Panchal. High-temperature organic-fluid fouling unit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/510329.

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Lawson. L51558 Gas Turbine Intake Air Quality. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010941.

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Presents the results of preliminary research intended to evaluate the causes and effects of compressor fouling on pipeline gas turbines. The conclusions and recommendations presented are based on both a literature search and a field experience survey of principal pipeline operations.

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Stein, Judith, Christina D. Wood, Kathryn Truby, Owen Harblin, and James Resue. Nontoxic, Self-Cleaning Silicone Fouling Release Coatings. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399920.

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Bockelie, Michael J. Mitigation of Syngas Cooler Plugging and Fouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234451.

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Cella, James. Advanced Non-Toxic Silicone Fouling-Release Coatings. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607451.

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Daniel Molloy. Environmentally Safe Control of Zebra Mussel Fouling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/935261.

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Chatwani, A. Predictive modelling of boiler fouling. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/233295.

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Husson, Scott M., Viatcheslav Freger, and Moshe Herzberg. Antimicrobial and fouling-resistant membranes for treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598151.bard.

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This research project introduced a novel membrane coating strategy to combat biofouling, which is a major problem for the membrane-based treatment of agricultural and municipal wastewaters. The novelty of the strategy is that the membrane coatings have the unique ability to switch reversibly between passive (antifouling) and active (antimicrobial) fouling control mechanisms. This dual-mode approach differs fundamentally from other coating strategies that rely solely on one mode of fouling control. The research project had two complementary objectives: (1) preparation, characterization, and tes

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