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1
Sun, Chang Q. « Unprecedented O:⇔:O compression and H↔H fragilization in Lewis solutions ». Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no 5 (2019) : 2234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp06910g.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Charge injection in terms of protons, lone pairs, cations and anions by acid and base solvation mediates the HB network and properties of Lewis solutions through H↔H fragilization, O:⇔:O compression and polarization, ionic polarization and hydrating H2O dipolar screen shielding, anion–anion repulsion, compressed solvent H–O bond elongation and undercoordinated solute H–O bond contraction.
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Moniz, Jorge Botelho. « Secularization in Europe : Causes, Consequences, and Cultural Diversity ». Religions 14, no 3 (21 mars 2023) : 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14030423.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper explores the timeliness and relevance of secularization theories in Europe. It seeks to understand how the classical theories of secularization—rationalization, societalization, functional differentiation, and existential security—and their theoretical innovations—namely, cultural diversity—help describe religious phenomena in a specific set of European countries—Austria, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, and Spain. In this context, cultural diversity shows the strongest negative correlation with religiosity. These findings arise from the correlation between the different theories of secularization, the independent variables, and an index of religiosity, the dependent variable. Cultural diversity, as a good predictor to explain secularization in Europe, shows how contact with different religious and non-religious worldviews enhances a mutual fragilization that can lead individuals from uncertainty to the rejection of religious beliefs.
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Frutuoso e Melo, E. P., T. Gurova, S. F. Estefen et A. Leontiev. « INTEGRITY ANALYSIS OF FLEXIBLE PIPES TENSILE ARMOUR WIRES USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHOD OF INVERSE MAGNETOSTRICTION : A METHOD COMPARISON ». Brazilian Journal of Petroleum and Gas 16, no 1 (28 mars 2022) : 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5419/bjpg2022-0003.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Flexible pipes have been used for decades for conveying produced fluids from oil wells to floating production, for storing and offloading units, and for flowing injection fluids inside wells under the seabed. Over the years, with an increase in oil demand globally, the exploration of new and deeper oil reservoirs has become a reality. With greater water depths, the top tension of the risers has increased significantly, as well as the pressure from the water column on the pipe structure, demanding the application of bigger pipes and the use of stronger materials. Pre-salt reservoirs on the Brazilian basins are rich in carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are great contributors to the premature fragilization of armour wires on the top section of the flexible risers and are capable of compromising the integrity of the structure. The wire fragilization and possible breakages cannot be avoided once the riser is connected to the floating unit, but they can be monitored, to avoid a complete riser structural failure. Several systems have been developed to monitor tensile armour wires integrity, such as visual monitoring, which visually detects torsion on the structure, acoustic waves, and magnetic collar systems, which have failed to provide reliable results. As the armour wires provide axial resistance to the structures, Fiber Bragg grating is being used in modern flexibles to monitor armour wire deformation and has been delivering reliable results. Another method, the inverse magnetostriction, is being tested using an anisotropic magneto sensor to detect wire deformation and generate a 2D stress map of the measured area. In this article, two tests are performed using the same equipment, but in different specimen. One test was performed on the wires without being applied on the flexible structure. The other test was performed on a window opened on a 6” nominal bore flexible pipe, with the objective of identifying if the method is reliable in detecting armour wire failures on flexible risers. This method could read stresses variations on the armour wires, but a larger sensor could penetrate deeper on the structure and provide a sharper stress map.
4
Bordignon, Simoní Saraiva, Valéria Lerch Lunardi, Edison Luiz Barlem, Rosemary Silva da Silveira, Flávia Regina Ramos, Graziele de Lima Dalmolin et Jamila Geri Tomaschewski Barlem. « Nursing students facing moral distress : strategies of resistance ». Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 4 (2018) : 1663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0072.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the resistance strategies adopted by undergraduate students in nursing, faced with situations of moral distress (MD). Method: Qualitative research, developed in three universities in the south of Brazil, two federal and one private, with 21 undergraduate students in nursing from December 2015 to February 2016; the data was submitted to the discursive textual analysis and Foucauldian theoretical reference. Results: Students resisting demonstrate a sense of self-preservation and moral empowerment. Moreover, non-resistance initiatives are related to the fear of possible sanctions. Thus, by resisting or not, students may experience both positive and negative repercussions. Final considerations: By resisting, students aim to defend what they believe to be right, demonstrating their moral empowerment in the face of their moral distress. However, the exercise of disciplinary power seems to contribute to their moral fragilization, making it difficult to implement resistance strategies.
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Kraus, Wolfgang. « La fin des grands projets : le développement de l’identité dans le champ du travail comme navigation à vue ». L’Orientation scolaire et professionnelle 27, no 1 (1998) : 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/binop.1998.1223.
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It is generally accepted that finding a place in the working world is very important for identity development. Given that adolescents nowadays have to face a fragilization of the job market, the question of how this experience affects adolescent identity development is discussed. It will be shown that the work domain remains very important for identity development, and even more so as other social models of meaning making have vanished in the course of social individualization. Drawing on data from a longitudinal study based on J. E. Marcia’s Identity Status Model, various identity strategies are discussed with regard to their functional value for identity development under the actual conditions of the job market. The identity strategy of adaptive diffusion seems to be quite functional when facing an unclear situation. It is proposed that a theoretical approach that looks at individual biographical trajectories and self narratives might be useful for further research.
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Hampton, Alexander J. B. « Pandemic and the Nature-Alienated Self ». Religions 13, no 7 (21 juin 2022) : 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13070575.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This consideration of COVID-19 places the pandemic in the larger context of our present-day ontology and the environmentally destructive human–nature relationship that characterizes it, exploring it in three parts. First, it sets out the problematic conceptualization of nature in the modern social imaginary by focusing upon the self in terms of its sense of identity, agency and authority. Second, it sets out how the pandemic fundamentally disrupts these three facets of the self in terms of the fragilization of economic values, the notion of unique human agency, and the limitation of the authority of discursive reason. Finally, it concludes by outlining the opportunity for a renewed relationship with nature by proposing the recovery of the premodern concepts of metaphysical participation, teleology, and rational intuition. In doing so, the pandemic crisis is considered in the wider context of the ecological crisis of the modern age, and as an opportunity for rethinking our collective concept of nature, and the place of our selves within it.
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GOPTE, CALEB ANIMBOM, NIXON KAHJUM TAKOR et ROLAND NTONGWE NDILLE. « REUNIFICATION AND THE DEMISE OF THE WEST CAMEROON EDUCATION BOARD, 1961-1972 : AN HISTORICAL APPRAISAL OF THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS ». INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION HUMANITIES AND COMMERCE 05, no 03 (2024) : 288–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.37602/ijrehc.2024.5321.
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This paper looks at the demise of the West Cameroon Education Board from the perspective of an outcome of financial constraints on the West Cameroon Government. It argues that the educational choices of the West Cameroon Government significantly accentuated financial constraints which contributed to the fragilization and eventual demise of the Education Board, ultimately paving the way for the interference of the Federal Government in the West Cameroon educational system. The paper uses the historical-analytical method to interpret data collected mostly from the National Archives Buea (NAB) and presents findings according to the chronological and thematic approach. It reveals that the rapid expansion of education in West Cameroon between 1961 and 1969 accentuated financial constraints on Government which helped to fragilize the Education Board. This made the West Cameroon educational system vulnerable to Federal Government interference and eventual take over by 1972. Thus, accounting for the demise of the West Cameroon Education Board.
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McClymond, Michael J. « The Geist of Hegel Past and Present ». PNEUMA 40, no 1-2 (6 juin 2018) : 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700747-04001034.
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Abstract This essay appreciates Taylor’s qualitative (rather than quantitative) approach to secularization, which has revolutionized recent discussions of this topic. Taylor’s earlier work on Hegel provides a context for interpreting his proposal in A Secular Age that Western societies are secularly religious or religiously secular—neither devoid of concern with transcendence, nor committed to theologically definite accounts of transcendence. Two major points of critique follow—first, that Hegelianism with its “immanent frame” excludes a distinctive Christian claim regarding Jesus’s incarnation; and, second, that Taylor’s hypothesis of faith “fragilized” by the “revisability” of contemporary religion needs empirical support to be fully credible. Taylor often represents religion as a lowest-common-denominator aspiration for something higher, rather than God coming to us incarnationally (John 1:14). Deism-with-transcendence is not Christianity. Taylor’s “fragilization” theory might mean that secularity, too, is “fragilized,” and it ought to provoke pastoral reflection on how “fragilized” faith might be stabilized.
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Steinmetz, Uwe. « Fragile Faith ». Poetics Today 41, no 3 (1 septembre 2020) : 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-8519656.
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Jazz, today a broadly defined, global form of improvised music, remains a music between heaven and earth, with its roots in both nightclubs and churches. Jazz can be dance music, as well as music that triggers emotions, memories, and subjective images. It can also lead to experiences of transcendence. In which ways, though, do jazz artists connect their spiritual and religious experiences and beliefs with their individual musical language? In contrast to Western, composed sacred music, jazz generates religious meaning through its improvisatory practices, which unfold differently in each performance, depending on the performers, listeners, and performance spaces. Often, jazz musicians feel the poetic quality of their music to reside in the ambiguity and “fragile” religiosity of their music. This article discusses from a historical and contemporary perspective the “fragilization” processes at work in religiously inspired jazz. It distinguishes different levels of religious meaning, purpose, and spiritual experience. In so doing, it explores productive resonances between the characteristics of jazz and Paul Corrigan’s definition of “postsecular” American poetry written in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.
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Villanueva, Ester, Iban Vicario, Carlos Vaquero, Joseba Albizuri, Maria Teresa Guraya, Nerea Burgos et Iñaki Hurtado. « Study of a New Novel HVOAF Coating Based on a New Multicomponent Al80Mg10Si5Cu5 Alloy ». Coatings 14, no 9 (4 septembre 2024) : 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091135.
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This paper presents and demonstrates the development of a new lightweight coating for aluminum alloy from a novel multicomponent alloy based on the AlSiMgCu system. The coating was applied using a newly designed approach that combined high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying processes. This hybrid technique enables the deposition of coatings with enhanced performance characteristics. The optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) revealed a strong adhesion and compaction between the multicomponent coating and the A6061 substrate. The new coating improved hardness by 50% and increased electrical conductivity by approximately 3.3 times compared to the as-cast alloy. Corrosion tests showed a lower corrosion rate, comparable to thermally treated A6061 alloy. Tribological tests indicated over 20% reduction in friction and over 50% reduction in wear rate. This suggests that multicomponent aluminum coatings could improve automotive and parts in contact with hydrogen by enhancing hydrogen fragilization resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and wear properties, with further optimization of thermal spraying potentially boosting performance even further.
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Samuelsen, Helle. « Accelerated fragility : exploring the supply–demand nexus in health facilities in rural Burkina Faso ». Africa 90, no 5 (novembre 2020) : 934–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000662.
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AbstractIn Burkina Faso, political turmoil, escalating insecurity and a looming pandemic challenge the population's trust in the state. This article contributes to the debates about state–citizen relationships in fragile countries by connecting local health-seeking practices with the global trends of datafication and a strong focus on the fight against malaria in this part of Africa. Drawing on long-term research engagement in Burkina Faso, I examine the health-seeking practices of rural citizens and look into diagnostic routines and reporting in two rural dispensaries. I show how the routinization of diagnostic procedures combined with a strong national and global political focus on the fight against malaria create what I term a ‘supply–demand nexus’ in which rural citizens selectively ask for the health services that they know the system can supply. I argue that the routinized diagnostic practices that mainly focus on malaria serve as a ‘technology of invisibility’ by not capturing other important diseases among the rural population. Finally, I ask whether the limited healthcare services in the current context of political insecurity, instability and a global pandemic spur a process of further fragilization of the social contract between rural citizens and the state.
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Berger, David N. « Reflection on the Sustainability and Multilevel Antifragility Workshop ». Central European Review of Economics and Management 16, no 4 (8 février 2017) : 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.308.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Aim: The aim of this article is to provide a brief reflection on the campus sustainability workshop that was held on May 13th, 2016 at the WSB University in Wroclaw. The topic of sustainability, and identifying critical threats to sustainability at the institutional level and beyond is of major concern.Design / Research methods: This reflection relies on a critical review of the discussion and materials presented during the workshop, and the opinion of the author. The observation and participation of the author and fellow participants played a crucial role in shaping the reflection.Conclusions / findings: Firstly, the conclusion drawn is that the methodology used by the host should be more clearly specified, and the questions should be focused and separated, in order to properly research them. Secondly, given the data that was available, that the study of fragilization in this context should focus on Safe to Fail, instead of Fail Safe approaches, to prevent catastrophic failure events.Originality / value of the article: The value of this reflection lies in the primary research interest, however, institutions may benefit from the analysis and opinions suggested. Without properly redesigning the study methodology to be more specific, the value of this research in its current form is limited, this author looks forward to the future work on the topic.
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Arosio, Beatrice, Franca Rosa Guerini, Andrea Saul Costa, Alessandra Dicitore, Evelyn Ferri, Daniela Mari, Erminio Torresani, Mario Clerici, Matteo Cesari et Giovanni Vitale. « Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms in Sex-Frailty Paradox ». Nutrients 12, no 9 (5 septembre 2020) : 2714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092714.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The “male-female health-survival paradox” evidences that the survival advantage observed in women is linked to higher rates of disability and poor health status compared to men, a phenomenon also called the “sex-frailty paradox”. The depletion of vitamin D seems to play a role in the fragilization of old persons, and genetic polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene seem to be involved in regulating the vitamin D pathway. This study correlated the VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, ApaI, BsmiI, and TaqI) with frailty, computed by frailty index (FI), in 202 persons (127 women and 75 men, aged from 60 to 116 years), aiming to capture the involvement of vitamin D in the sex-frailty paradox. The results showed slightly higher FI (p = 0.05), lower levels of 25(OH)D (p = 0.04), and higher levels of parathyroid hormone PTH (p = 0.002) and phosphorus (p < 0.001) in women than in men. Interestingly, the ApaI minor allele (Aa + aa) showed a significant positive association with FI (p = 0.03) and a negative association with inorganic phosphorus values (p = 0.04) compared to AA genotype only in women, regardless of age. The exact mechanism and the causal role that, in old women, links ApaI polymorphism with frailty are still unclear. However, we could speculate that a specific genetic profiling, other than 25(OH)D levels, play a role in the sex-frailty paradox.
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Zocchi, E., L. Guida, U. Benatti, M. Canepa, L. Borgiani, T. Zanin et A. de Flora. « Hepatic or Splenic Targeting of Carrier Erythrocytes : A Murine Model ». Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 9, no 5 (octobre 1987) : 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1987.tb00489.x.
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Carrier mouse erythrocytes, i.e., red cells, subjected to a dialysis technique involving transient hypotonic hemolysis and isotonic resealing were treated in vitro in three different ways: (a) energy depletion by exposure for 90 min at 42 degrees C; (b) desialylation by incubation with neuroaminidase; and (c) oxidative stress by incubation with H2O2 and NaN3. Procedure (c) afforded maximal damage, as shown by analysis of biochemical properties of the treated erythrocytes. Reinfusion in mice of the variously manipulated erythrocytes following their 51Cr labeling showed extensive fragilization as indicated by rapid clearance of radioactivity from the circulation. Moreover, both the energy‐depleted and the neuraminidase‐treated erythrocytes showed a preferential liver uptake, reaching 50 and 75%, respectively, within 2 h. On the other hand, exposure of erythrocytes to the oxidant stress triggered a largely splenic removal, accounting for almost 40% of the reinjected cells within 4 h. Transmission electron microscopy of liver from mice receiving energy‐depleted erythrocytes demonstrated remarkable erythrocyte congestion within the sinusoids, followed by hyperactivity of Kupffer cells and by subsequent thickening of the perisinusoidal Disse space. Concomitantly, levels of serum transaminase activities were moderately increased. Each of the three procedures of manipulation of carrier erythrocytes may prove applicable under conditions where selective targeting of erythrocyte‐encapsulated chemicals and drugs to either the liver or the spleen has to be achieved.
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Delpouve, Nicolas, Hajar Faraj, Clément Demarest, Eric Dontzoff, Marie-Rose Garda, Laurent Delbreilh, Benjamin Berton et Eric Dargent. « Water-Induced Breaking of Interfacial Cohesiveness in a Poly(lactic acid)/Miscanthus Fibers Biocomposite ». Polymers 13, no 14 (12 juillet 2021) : 2285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142285.
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The impact of the immersion in water on the morphology and the thermomechanical properties of a biocomposite made of a matrix of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) modified with an ethylene acrylate toughening agent, and reinforced with miscanthus fibers, has been investigated. Whereas no evidence of hydrolytic degradation has been found, the mechanical properties of the biocomposite have been weakened by the immersion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures reveal that the water-induced degradation is mainly driven by the cracking of the fiber/matrix interface, suggesting that the cohesiveness is a preponderant factor to consider for the control of the biocomposite decomposition in aqueous environments. Interestingly, it is observed that the loss of mechanical properties is aggravated when the stereoregularity of PLA is the highest, and when increasing the degree of crystallinity. To investigate the influence of the annealing on the matrix behavior, crystallization at various temperatures has been performed on tensile bars of PLA made by additive manufacturing with an incomplete filling to enhance the contact area between water and polymer. While a clear fragilization occurs in the material crystallized at high temperature, PLA crystallized at low temperature better maintains its properties and even shows high elongation at break likely due to the low size of the spherulites in these annealing conditions. These results show that the tailoring of the mesoscale organization in biopolymers and biocomposites can help control their property evolution and possibly their degradation in water.
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Camaré, Caroline, Corinne Vanucci-Bacqué, Nathalie Augé, Mélanie Pucelle, Corinne Bernis, Audrey Swiader, Michel Baltas, Florence Bedos-Belval, Robert Salvayre et Anne Nègre-Salvayre. « 4-Hydroxynonenal Contributes to Angiogenesis through a Redox-Dependent Sphingolipid Pathway : Prevention by Hydralazine Derivatives ». Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9172741.
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The neovascularization of atherosclerotic lesions is involved in plaque development and may contribute to intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque fragilization and rupture. Among the various proangiogenic agents involved in the neovascularization process, proatherogenic oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) contribute to the formation of tubesviathe generation of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a major mitogenic and proangiogenic sphingolipid mediator. In this study, we investigated whether 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), an aldehydic lipid oxidation product abundantly present in oxLDLs, contributes to their proangiogenic properties. Immunofluorescence analysis of human atherosclerotic lesions from carotid endarterectomy showed the colocalization of HNE-adducts with CD31, a marker of endothelial cells, suggesting a close relationship between 4-HNE and neovessel formation. In vitro, low 4-HNE concentration (0.5–1 µM) elicited the formation of tubes by human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), whereas higher concentrations were not angiogenic. The formation of tubes by 4-HNE involved the generation of reactive oxygen species and the activation of the sphingolipid pathway, namely, the neutral type 2 sphingomyelinase and sphingosine kinase-1 (nSMase2/SK-1) pathway, indicating a role for S1P in the angiogenic signaling of 4-HNE. Carbonyl scavengers hydralazine and bisvanillyl-hydralazone inhibited the nSMase2/SK1 pathway activation and the formation of tubes on Matrigel® evoked by 4-HNE. Altogether, these results emphasize the role of 4-HNE in the angiogenic effect of oxLDLs and point out the potential interest of pharmacological carbonyl scavengers to prevent the neovascularization process.
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NAYAK, Chittaranjan Birabar, Nivedita Sunil THROAT et Sunil Bhimrao THAKARE. « CORROSION IMPACT ANALYSIS ON RESIDUAL LIFE OF STRUCTURE USING CATHODIC TECHNIQUE AND ALGOR SIMULATION SOFTWARE ». Engineering Structures and Technologies 10, no 1 (27 avril 2018) : 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/est.2018.1468.
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Damage to the reinforced concrete structure is mainly occurring because of two reasons either due to end of service life or due to load exceeds beyond structural capacity. Along with these two reasons degradation of material property is the one more major factor which causes the risk of failure. A concrete structure constructed in an aqueous environment get exposed to the corrosion process. Consequently, this causes the generation of crack, fragilization, a decrease of bond strength between reinforcement and concrete. All these factors affection static and dynamic behavior of concrete structure reducing the service life of an affected area. Whereas service life carries the major role in the economy of a concrete structure that is why various methods have been developed in the second half of the 20th century to find out the residual life of the structure. In this proposed work, a non-destructive technique is used to predict the residual life of reinforced concrete beams having different cracking levels, as results of steel reinforcement corrosion, considering the variation produced in the dynamic behavior, through the variation of the first natural vibration frequency. Whereas to accelerate the corrosion process, impress current technique is used in which a current is externally applied to induce corrosion in reinforcement and then crack widths and vibration natural frequencies were measured. A numerical model is proposed with the help of FEM based Auto desk Algor simulation software to predict attack penetration depth. At the end, the paper is concluded by giving an effect of “water to cement ratio” and “cover to diameter ratio” on the initiation and propagation of corrosion and residual life of corroded beam specimen is graphically represented.
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O’Brien, Peter. « Islamophobia, Euro-Islam, Islamism, and Post-Islamism ». American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 30, no 3 (1 juillet 2013) : 59–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v30i3.302.
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Modern secularism, as theorized by such prominent liberal philosophers as John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas, prescribes that the state should treat all religions equally on the condition that they and their adherents relinquish their theocratic aspirations and recognize the political sovereignty and superiority of man-made law. Convinced that the secular bargain undermines the moral virtue of society and its members, a small, fragmented, but nevertheless conspicuous number of Islamists in Europe prefer to observe Islamic law in all walks of life, private and public. Alarmed by Islamists and informed by Orientalist readings of Islam, an increasingly vehement and vociferous contingent of Islamophobes avers that Islam is inherently incompatible with democracy and urges European governments to treat neither Islam nor Muslims equally, but rather suspiciously as real or potential threats to the wellbeing of European societies. In contrast, advocates of Euro-Islam insist that Islam can be reformed, like Christianity, to meet the requirements of modern secularism. This article contends that elements of all three of these vying ideological positions have found their way into policymaking targeting Muslims in several European lands. The resulting inconsistency and contradiction – what I call policy “messiness” – corroborate the process of “mutual fragilization” theorized by Charles Taylor, in which actors facing radical value pluralism develop solicitude regarding their own principles as well as greater tolerance for ambivalence. The latter, in particular, creates what Homi Bhabha terms a “third space” from which actors confronting cultural pluralism can freely and constructively explore cross-fertilizations and hybrid combinations with the potential to yield yet unimagined approaches and solutions to the problems of “super-diversity.” I identify just such a creative hybridity among a younger generation of European Muslims whom many observers dub “post-Islamists.”
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O’Brien, Peter. « Islamophobia, Euro-Islam, Islamism, and Post-Islamism ». American Journal of Islam and Society 30, no 3 (1 juillet 2013) : 59–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v30i3.302.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Modern secularism, as theorized by such prominent liberal philosophers as John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas, prescribes that the state should treat all religions equally on the condition that they and their adherents relinquish their theocratic aspirations and recognize the political sovereignty and superiority of man-made law. Convinced that the secular bargain undermines the moral virtue of society and its members, a small, fragmented, but nevertheless conspicuous number of Islamists in Europe prefer to observe Islamic law in all walks of life, private and public. Alarmed by Islamists and informed by Orientalist readings of Islam, an increasingly vehement and vociferous contingent of Islamophobes avers that Islam is inherently incompatible with democracy and urges European governments to treat neither Islam nor Muslims equally, but rather suspiciously as real or potential threats to the wellbeing of European societies. In contrast, advocates of Euro-Islam insist that Islam can be reformed, like Christianity, to meet the requirements of modern secularism. This article contends that elements of all three of these vying ideological positions have found their way into policymaking targeting Muslims in several European lands. The resulting inconsistency and contradiction – what I call policy “messiness” – corroborate the process of “mutual fragilization” theorized by Charles Taylor, in which actors facing radical value pluralism develop solicitude regarding their own principles as well as greater tolerance for ambivalence. The latter, in particular, creates what Homi Bhabha terms a “third space” from which actors confronting cultural pluralism can freely and constructively explore cross-fertilizations and hybrid combinations with the potential to yield yet unimagined approaches and solutions to the problems of “super-diversity.” I identify just such a creative hybridity among a younger generation of European Muslims whom many observers dub “post-Islamists.”
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Li, Zengji, Adong Yu et Alan M. Weiner. « Adenovirus Type 12-Induced Fragility of the Human RNU2 Locus Requires p53 Function ». Journal of Virology 72, no 5 (1 mai 1998) : 4183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.5.4183-4191.1998.
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ABSTRACT Adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) infection of human cells induces four chromosomal fragile sites corresponding to the U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes (the RNU1 locus), the U2 snRNA genes (RNU2), the U1 snRNA pseudogenes (PSU1), and the 5S rRNA genes (RN5S). Ad12-induced fragility of the RNU2 locus requires U2 snRNA transcriptional regulatory elements and viral early functions but not viral replication or integration, or chromosomal sequences flanking the RNU2 locus. We now show that Ad12 cannot induce the RNU1, RNU2, or PSU1fragile sites in Saos-2 cells lacking the p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins but that viral induction of fragility is rescued in these cells when the expression of wild-type p53 or selected hot-spot mutants (i.e., V143A, R175H, R248W, and R273H) is restored by transient expression or stable retroviral transduction. We also observed weak constitutive fragility of theRNU1 and RNU2 loci in cells belonging to xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups B and D (XPB and XPD) which are partially defective in the ERCC2 (XPD) and ERCC3 (XPB) helicase activities shared between the repairosome and the RNA polymerase II basal transcription factor TFIIH. We propose a model for Ad12-induced chromosome fragility in which interaction of p53 with the Ad12 E1B 55-kDa transforming protein (and possibly E4orf6) induces a p53 gain of function which ultimately perturbs the RNA polymerase II basal transcription apparatus. The p53 gain of function could interfere with chromatin condensation either by blocking mitotic shutdown of U1 and U2 snRNA transcription or by phenocopying global or local DNA damage. Specific fragilization of the RNU1, RNU2, and PSU1 loci could reflect the unusually high local concentration of strong transcription units or the specialized nature of the U1 and U2 snRNA transcription apparatus.
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Truta, Calin, Marin Ciocanescu et Adrian Amzoi. « Issues in Manufacture and Qualification of Specialty Brazed Joints for Nuclear Applications ». Advanced Materials Research 1138 (juillet 2016) : 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1138.37.
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Nuclear experimental instrumentation frequently includes the usage of thin-walled (metallic sheathed) thermocouples passing through the boundaries of pressure vessels. This is accomplished by sealing the thermocouples by brazing through special design fittings (passages) which are later sealed / welded to the body of the vessel.Two are the challenges to face : (a) the manufacture of the instrumented passage (b) its mandatory qualification, according to relevant standards. Even the brazing qualification standards are more flexible than for welding, the peculiar situation of nuclear instrumentation still needs special consideration and it is not properly covered by the regular standards.The paper describes the experience of the authors in manufacture of the instrumented passages with steel or Inconel sheathed thermocouples, along with some other known projects, in conjunction with applicability of relevant standards: ASME code, AWS standards, national standards. Since it is about pressure vessels, ASME prescriptions are mandatory in Romania; other standards may serve as valuable sources for the “engineering judgment” allowed and recommended by ASME code.The main problem in such specialty brazing qualification is that for some combinations of base metals and filler (imposed by application), one cannot avoid the significant fragilization due to a tremendous increase of hardness in the brazing area. Base material erosion is added and the effect is catastrophic : sectioning the thermocouples at the slightest movement. For example, brazing Inconel thin-walled tubes with BNi-7 is very hard to control – experimental data and images are included in the paper to illustrate this.Therefore, special means must be applied both in fabrication and in qualification, in order to ensure the product is functional and safe, even being fragile. This approach can be found in French design of irradiation devices, being also considered in the French code for design and construction of experimental reactors and irradiation devices. Being known that French experience in this field is vast, their approach makes us confident that our brazing technique is not wrong but the problem is to be solved through ‘smart’ design and specific procedures. Consequently a tentative set of domestic rules for work and qualification is proposed for discussion and further improvement.
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Baroni, Vivian. « A unidimensionalização da linguagem e a fragilização teórica do campo investigativo educacional : desafios para a pesquisa em educação ». EDUCAÇÃO E FILOSOFIA 34, no 71 (19 mars 2021) : 965–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/revedfil.v34n71a2020-49812.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Resumo: Tendo por base o conceito marcuseano de linguagem unidimensional, o presente ensaio pretende problematizar esse tema com relação às suas implicações no campo da pesquisa educacional. A não utilização do conceito e do excesso de significado que a linguagem bidimensional traz em si, resulta na fragilidade teórica fortemente sentida no campo da pesquisa educacional, que resulta, em última instância, na dificuldade de validação do seu conhecimento. Nesse sentido, defendemos a importância da retomada dos estudos de caráter teórico, assim como do trabalho adequado do conceito e dos universais, como instrumentos conceituais imprescindíveis na pesquisa que deseja considerar toda a complexidade do campo da educação.
Palavras chave: linguagem unidimensional; pesquisa educacional; teoria; empiria; formação.
The unidimensionalization of language and the theoretical fragilization of the educational investigative field: challenges for research in education
Abstract: Based on the Marcusean concept of unidimensional language, the present essay intends to problematize this theme in relation to its implications in the field of educational research. The non-use of the concept and the excess of meaning that the two-dimensional language brings in itself results in the theoretical fragility strongly felt in the field of educational research, which results, in the last instance, the difficulty of validating its knowledge. In this sense, we defend the importance of resuming theoretical studies, as well as the adequate work of the concept and the universals, as essential conceptual instruments in the research that wishes to consider all the complexity of the field of education.
Keywords: one-dimensional language; educational research; theory; empiria; formation.
Unidimensionalización del lenguaje y fragilización teórica del campo de investigación educativa: desafíos para la investigación educativa
Resumen: Basado en el concepto marcusiano de lenguaje unidimensional, el presente ensayo pretende problematizar este tema en relación con sus implicaciones en el campo de la investigación educativa. La falta de uso del concepto y el exceso de significado que el lenguaje bidimensional trae consigo resulta en la debilidad teórica que se siente fuertemente en el campo de la investigación educativa, lo que en última instancia resulta la dificultad de validar su conocimiento. En este sentido, defendemos la importancia de la reanudación de los estudios teóricos, así como el trabajo adecuado del concepto y los universales, como instrumentos conceptuales indispensables en la investigación que desea considerar toda la complejidad del campo de la educación.
Palabras clave: lenguaje unidimensional; investigación educativa; teoría empirismo formación.
Apoio/Financiamento: PROSUC/CAPES
Data de registro: 31/07/2019
Data de aceite: 30/10/2019
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L. Ettinger, Bracha. « 'Fragilization and Resistance' and 'Neighborhood and Shechina' ». Studies in the Maternal 1, no 2 (1 juillet 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.16995/sim.141.
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Sun, Chang Q. « Retraction : Unprecedented O:⇔:O compression and H↔H fragilization in Lewis solutions ». Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d4cp90182g.
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ChebiL, Mohamed, Saida Ziada, Yosra Gassara et Dalenda Hadyaoui. « Uncommon Restoration on Nonvital Premolar with Porcelain Inlay : A Case Report with Five-year Follow-up ». Open Dentistry Journal 17, no 1 (22 décembre 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0118742106268203231123092529.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introduction: In fixed prosthodontics, the old paradigm on endodontically treated teeth leads to more fragilization due to the architectural preparation needed for a full coverage crown. Endodontically treated premolars with class II defects are common in daily practice. When only one proximal surface is affected, direct adhesive restorations are the most used. The use of porcelain inlay is quite uncommon in this situation despite its advantages. Case Presentation: This article illustrates a clinical case of a 31-year-old female with healthy teeth except for the non-vital first maxillary premolar, presenting a class II mesio-occlusal cavity. The occlusion exam revealed functional anterior guidance and canine guidance on both sides during lateral mandibular translation. Based on mini-invasive dentistry principles, the decision was to restore the nonvital bicuspid with a porcelain inlay. Although scientific literature did not report restoration of the premolars with a ceramic inlay in clinical practice, this option was retained. The realization of a porcelain inlay was described step by step. A follow-up up to 5 years was done. Results: The iatrogenic tooth fragilization was avoided by a mini-invasive approach. At the end of this follow-up period, there was no complication or complaint. The patient was satisfied with the final result. Conclusion: Porcelain inlay seems to be a good option to restore the occluso-proximal cavity on nonvital premolars in a context of a favourable occlusion. Porcelain inlay is respectful of the principles of minimally invasive dentistry and allows to achieve the objectives of function, aesthetics and biocompatibility. However, clinical studies should be conducted to investigate the longevity of porcelain inlay on ETPs.
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Turcotte, Mathilde, et Nadine Lanctôt. « Managing the toll of sex work with bounded agency : Perspectives of ex-sex workers ». Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 23 septembre 2021, e20200030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjhs.2020-0030.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study builds upon qualitative narratives of ex-sex workers to explore if these women felt they had maintained a positive sense of self during involvement in sex work and, if so, how. Specific objectives were to identify strategies they used to protect their self-concept and better understand the challenges they faced in their efforts to keep sex work within their comfort zone. Fourteen participants were recruited in six different cities from the province of Quebec (Canada) and interviewed twice in 2016. Findings suggest that women were very aware of the effects sex work could have on their self-concept because of the stigma surrounding it, but also because of ambivalent experiences with clients and pimps. As a result, they used various strategies to protect their sense of self, the main one being the making and following of rules that govern sex work activities. Yet, our findings show that the protective quality of these self-concept protection strategies is limited, as women observed that they compromised with personal boundaries at various occasions during their pathways. They made strong associations between these compromises and a progressive fragilization of their sense of self.
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Grden, Clóris Regina Blanski, Maria Helena Lenardt, Jacy Aurelia Vieira de Sousa, Luciana Kusomota, Mara Solange Gomes Dellaroza et Susanne Elero Betiolli. « Associations between frailty syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics in long-lived individuals of a community ». Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 25 (5 juin 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.1770.2886.
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ABSTRACT Objective: investigating the association between frailty syndrome and sociodemographic characteristics in long-lived individuals of a community. Method: a cross-sectional study with a proportional stratified sample consisting of 243 long-lived individuals. A structured instrument, scales and tests that comprise evaluating frailty were applied for data collection. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed by logistic regression (p<0.05) by Statistica 10(r) software and Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) were calculated for the predictive models. Results: of the 243 long-lived individuals evaluated, 36 (14.8%) were frail, 55 (63.8%) were pre-frail and 52 (21.4%) were not frail. A predominance of females (n=161; 66.3%), widows/widowers (n=158; 65%), who lived with family members (n=144; 59.3%) and in a self-reported satisfactory financial situation (n=108; 44.5%) was observed. A significant association was found between the demographic variable of age (p=0.043) and frailty syndrome. The best predictor model for the syndrome included the variables: gender, age and household companion. Conclusion: the variable of age contributed most to the fragilization process of long-lived individuals residing in the community. It is essential that gerontological nursing care contemplates early detection of this syndrome, considering age as being indicative of care needs.
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VASCONCELOS, Francisco de Assis Guedes de, Mick Lennon MACHADO, Maria Angélica Tavares de MEDEIROS, José Anael NEVES, Elisabetta RECINE et Elaine Martins PASQUIM. « Public policies of food and nutrition in Brazil : From Lula to Temer ». Revista de Nutrição 32 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180161.
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ABSTRACT Objective To analyze public policies on food and nutrition in Brazil, with emphasis on the last fifteen years (2003-2018). Methods Historical-documentary analysis based on a bibliographical survey on indexed bases and exploratory visits to websites of government agencies. Results The scientific and governmental findings were organized according to the Lula, Dilma and Temer governments. They explore the development of several public policies and welfare programs in food and nutrition, focusing mainly on Brazilian Hunger Eradication Program, Assistance for Needy Families Program, National Policy on Food and Nutrition Security, Food Acquisition Program, National School Nutrition Program, National Food and Nutrition Security Policy, National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System and Brazilian Misery Eradication Program. The centrality of the idea of the fight against hunger and misery in public policies during Lula’s first and second terms and Dilma’s first term stand out. Dilma’s second term is marked by the focus on healthy eating, as well as presenting the first signs of fragilization of public policies on food and nutrition. Currently, the Temer government is characterized by processes of institutional and programmatic rupture, budget cuts and setbacks in acquired rights. There is evidence of the need to activate national and international instruments to enforce the human right to adequate food and consequent strengthening of public policies on food and nutrition. Conclusion This period presents an expansion and qualification of public policies on food and nutrition, mainly in the Lula and Dilma administration, with setbacks in the Temer administration, in which continuous budget cuts weaken social, hunger reduction, poverty reduction and food and nutrition security policies.
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Von Goble, Brant. « PARA-ANTISOCIALITY : HATRED, CELEBRITY, PROJECTION, ATTRACTION, IMPOTENCE, AND CATHARSIS IN LIMINAL SOCIETIES ». European Journal of Social Sciences Studies 8, no 6 (28 avril 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v8i6.1465.
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The last three decades of media expansion and technological innovation, encompassing the 24-hour media news cycle, the original desktop- and later site-based internet, gaming, social media, and the smartphone, have radically altered the means by which citizens of the developed and developing world access information and how they construct and maintain relationships. As the reach, robustness, ubiquity, and engagement potential of the two-dimensional world have expanded, those of the three-dimensional world have diminished (an effect accelerated during the COVID and post-COVID eras). As one world atrophies, a new one rushes in to fill the void. Celebrity culture; neoliberal economic policies; the decline of family, community, and organised religion; and the post-World War II suburbanisation and aesthetic sterilisation of shared spaces have all contributed to the decay and fragilization of the antecedent meat space (in-person) bonds. In their place, has risen the parasocial relationship—that between audience and performer or, in more modern terminology, content creator and content consumer. Why celebrities/content creators are loved is not the question to be posed herein. Notoriety, adulation, status, physical attractiveness, and charm—these all do much to explain why the famous and would-be famous alike are regarded with affection. Why they are hated—as they often are, if only by a portion of their audience—is less clear. This paper will examine the origins and utility of antagonistic parasocial relationships as well as the extent to which para-antisociality is harmful to content creators and consumers and what (if anything) can and should be done to manage hostility in parasocial relationships.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0009/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
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Maia, Bruna Bortolozzi, Érika Arantes de Oliveira-Cardoso et Manoel Antônio dos Santos. « Eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic : scoping review of psychosocial impact ». Middle East Current Psychiatry 30, no 1 (21 juillet 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43045-023-00334-0.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 drastically changed the daily lives of the entire population. Despite being efficient in helping to avoid deaths and prevent the collapse of the healthcare system, social distancing can lead to unfavorable outcomes in the physical and mental health of the population, in particular, those diagnosed with eating disorders. This scope review aimed to analyze the scientific production on the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with eating disorders, in the subtypes anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Method This is a scope review, based on a rigorous method based on the PRISMA strategy. The indexed databases PubMed, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SciELO, CINHAL, and Embase were consulted. After screening 387 records, 19 studies were included in the review. Results The results were subdivided into four thematic categories: (1) repercussions of confinement on daily life, in which the impacts of social distancing on daily life are presented, such as greater contact with the family and sudden changes in routine; (2) impacts on the treatment performed for eating disorders, underlining the effects of discontinuity of face-to-face treatments; (3) consequences for mental health, highlighting the consequences of the uncertain period for psychological distress; and (4) effects on symptoms of eating disorders, emphasizing the consequences of the pandemic for the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia. Conclusion We concluded that the confinement and uncertainties of this period accentuated preexisting symptoms, arousing feelings of helplessness and loneliness, especially because they were patients who were more susceptible to routine changes and fragilization of social support networks. Strengthening the personal support network is especially important, as well as investing in strengthening the bond between family members and health services, which points to future research.