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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Freedom of information – France »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 31 juillet 2025

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1

Ivanova, Xenia A., and Alexander A. Stepanov. "Restrictions of the freedom of speech in France in the digital technologies era." Law Enforcement Review 3, no. 1 (2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(1).15-23.

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The subject. The article reveals an understanding of the freedom of speech in French law The purpose of the article is to identify the contents of freedom of speech in the French law and to determine the boundaries of its implementation in the Internet as well as to confirm or refute the hypothesis that both the freedom of speech and the definition of the boundaries of that freedom meets the purposes of protection of human rights. The description of methodology. General scientific methods ‐ analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison ‐ were used. The authors also use the formal legal

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Maisl, Herbert. "Le citoyen «Internaute» entre liberté d'accès aux documents administratifs et protection des données personnelles." Revue française d'administration publique 81, no. 1 (1997): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1997.3581.

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The Citizen ‘Internetted’ Between Freedom of Access to Administrative Information and Data Protection. As the administration becomes more transparent access to administrative information constitutes both a liberty for the citizen and a threat to private life. The legislative framework in France reproduces this duality by distinguishing access to administrative information from the protection of personal data. The massive circulation of data on international networks makes it necessary to evaluate this legislation. The use of network services generates usage of computerised data. The increasing

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Lamačková, Adriana. "Conscientious Objection in Reproductive Health Care: Analysis of Pichon and Sajous v. France." European Journal of Health Law 15, no. 1 (2008): 7–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092902708x300172.

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AbstractThis article explores the issue of conscientious objection invoked by health professionals in the reproductive and sexual health care context and its impact on women's ability to access health services. The right to exercise conscientious objection has been recognized by many international and European scholars as being derived from the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. It is not, however, an absolute right. When the exercise of conscientious objection conflicts with other human rights and fundamental freedoms, a balance must be struck between the right to conscient

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David, María Estrella Gutiérrez. "Government by Algorithms at the Light of Freedom of Information Regimes: A Case-by-Case Approach on ADM Systems within Public Education Sector." Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 30, no. 1 (2023): 105–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/gls.2023.a886165.

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Abstract: What the Houston Court qualified as "mysterious 'black box' impervious to challenge" was in practice a sophisticated software of many layers of calculations, which rated teachers' effectiveness to make employment decisions. In the European Union, a system as such would fall under the Proposal for AI Regulation of 2021, which qualifies AI models in education and vocational training as "high-risk" systems. Automated decision-making systems (ADM systems), AI-driven or not, are being increasingly used by governments in public education for different purposes, such as handling application

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Malysheva, I. V. "Social Networking as a Legal Phenomenon." Siberian Law Herald 2 (2023): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2023.2.10.

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The emerging institution of legal regulation of social networking in different states appears in different ways. The comparative legal method of the studying made it possible to select two models: western (USA, Germany, France) and eastern (China). The Western model of legal regulation comes from “freedom of networked battlefield” and “freedom of speech”, the eastern one comes - from the “information security priority” and “deanonymiration of social networking”. Relations in the social networking have acquired independent features: big freedom of expression, a culture of clip thinking, “rudene

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Yehorova, Yuliia, and Serhii Drozd. "Determinants of Human Capital Development and Macroeconomic Freedoms: DEA Modelling." Business Ethics and Leadership 8, no. 1 (2024): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(1).203-219.2024.

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The purpose of the study is to identify countries with mechanisms to most effectively ensure that human capital losses do not become an obstacle to strengthening macroeconomic freedoms. The study is based on the hypothesis that a decrease in absence from work due to personal health problems, unemployment, and mortality leads to an increase in the level of six basic macroeconomic freedoms: business, labour, trade, investment, monetary, and financial freedoms. In this case, absence from work due to personal health problems, unemployment, and mortality serve as discouragers/inhibitors of human ca

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Semane, N., V. H. Peuch, S. Pradier, et al. "On the extraction of wind information from the assimilation of ozone profiles in Météo–France 4D-Var operational NWP suite." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (2008): 16473–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-16473-2008.

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Abstract. By applying four-dimensional variational data-assimilation (4D-Var) to a combined ozone and dynamics Numerical Weather Prediction model (NWP), ozone observations generate wind increments through the ozone-dynamics coupling. The dynamical impact of Aura/MLS satellite ozone profiles is investigated using Météo–France operational ARPEGE NWP 4D-Var assimilation system for a period of 3 months. A data-assimilation procedure has been designed and run on 6-h windows. The procedure includes: (1) 4D-Var assimilating both ozone and operational NWP standard observations, (2) ARPEGE transporting

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Semane, N., V. H. Peuch, S. Pradier, et al. "On the extraction of wind information from the assimilation of ozone profiles in Météo–France 4-D-Var operational NWP suite." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 14 (2009): 4855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4855-2009.

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Abstract. By applying four-dimensional variational data-assimilation (4-D-Var) to a combined ozone and dynamics Numerical Weather Prediction model (NWP), ozone observations generate wind increments through the ozone-dynamics coupling. The dynamical impact of Aura/MLS satellite ozone profiles is investigated using Météo-France operational ARPEGE NWP 4-D-Var assimilation system for a period of 3 months. A data-assimilation procedure has been designed and run on 6-h windows. The procedure includes: (1) 4-D-Var assimilating both ozone and operational NWP standard observations, (2) ARPEGE transport

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Tiuria, Yu I. "The role of the ECHR in shaping standards for the functioning of public media." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 4, no. 87 (2025): 305–11. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.87.4.47.

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The article examines the practice of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter – ECHR) as a key institution in shaping the standards for the functioning of public media in a democratic society. The primary focus is on analyzing ECHR rulings that define the boundaries of freedom of expression, the principles of opinion pluralism, and guarantees of editorial independence for public media. Based on the analysis of the case «Manole and Others v. Moldova», the issue of political interference in the editorial policy of public media is highlighted, emphasizing the need to ensure its independenc

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Cahen, Fabrice. "Who Was Afraid of Pregnancy Tests? Gestational Information and Reproduction Policies in France (1920–50)." Medical History 63, no. 2 (2019): 134–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.2.

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Though resulting from a long-term process, the need to manage pregnancies both medically and bureaucratically became a state concern, especially from the 1920s onwards. A woman’s official obligation to notify the state of her pregnancy (and therefore to know it on time) goes beyond a matter of biopolicies and poses a range of contradictions. ‘Pregnant or not?’ – as an issue of knowledge – is a powerful tool for apprehending the tensions between individual freedom, privacy, institutional requirements and professional powers.In order to better understand the historical meaning of pregnancy diagn

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Al-Billeh, T. "Disciplinary Measures Consequent on the Judges’ Misuse of Social Media in Jordanian and French Legislation: A Difficult Balance between Freedom of Expression and Restrictions on Judicial Ethics." Kutafin Law Review 10, no. 3 (2023): 681–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2713-0533.2023.2.25.681-719.

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This article deals with the disciplinary measure’s consequent on judges’ misuse of social media in Jordan and France. In fact, the research aims at approaching the disciplinary measures consequent on the judges’ misusing the social media and stating at the cases that constitute a breach against the judicial job duties for which the issue of the study is in the extent of allowance of granting the judges the freedom to use social media and the extent to which judges publish their professional achievements, disclose their job information, comment on public opinion cases published on social media

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Pisani, Marco, Milena Astrua, Pierre-Alix Carles, Stefan Kubsky, Thanh-Liêm Nguyên, and Olivier Acher. "Characterization of Angle Accuracy and Precision of 3-Degree-of-Freedom Absolute Encoder Based on NanoGPS OxyO Technology." Sensors 20, no. 12 (2020): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123462.

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An absolute encoder based on vision system nanoGPS OxyO was developed by HORIBA France. This encoder provides three types of position information, namely, two inplane co-ordinates and inplane angular orientation. This paper focuses on the characterization of its angular performance. To this aim, the nanoGPS OxyO system was compared with the national angle standard of the National Metrology Institute of Italy (INRIM) that had evaluated accuracy of about 0.1 µrad. The effect of image size and illumination conditions on angular measurements was studied. Precision better than 10 µrad and accuracy

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Rovinskaya, T. "Political Ambitions of European “Pirates”." World Economy and International Relations, no. 7 (2015): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-7-72-84.

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The paper thoroughly examines the ideological essence, political goals, structure, electoral achievements and international protest activities of the Pirate Movement, consisting of national Pirate Parties worldwide and the Pirate Parties International. The Pirate ideology arose in mid-2000s in response to information society biases, and is paying special attention to the freedom of non-commercial information exchange in the Internet, individual privacy, transparency of state politics and direct citizens' involvement with flexible Internet-tools (Liquid Democracy concept). This relatively new p

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Mishra, Bikash Ranjan, and Pabitra Kumar Jena. "Bilateral FDI flows in four major Asian economies: a gravity model analysis." Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 1 (2019): 71–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-07-2017-0169.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows from some leading developed countries (the USA, Japan, Germany, the Netherlands, the UK and France) into major four Asian economies (China, Korea, India and Singapore).Design/methodology/approachUsing one basic and four augmented versions of gravity model technique, the authors tried to examine the determinants of bilateral FDI flows in four major Asian economies. The study used World Development Indicators, CEPII, KOF and Heritage Foundation data for period 2001–2012.FindingsThe results re

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Van Eecke, Patrick. "Online service providers and liability: A plea for a balanced approach." Common Market Law Review 48, Issue 5 (2011): 1455–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2011058.

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Internet access providers, online platforms and other intermediaries benefit from a protection against liability claims caused by end-users' illegal or harmful information. This liability limitation is enshrined in the 2000 Directive on Electronic Commerce, a directive considered crucial for a proper functioning of the internal market, the uptake of the information society and the protection of freedom of speech. Throughout the years, the liability protection for online intermediaries seems, however, to have been gradually carved out by case law, particularly on the Member State level. In rece

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V. V., Novitskyi. "Political and legal mechanisms for the protection of human rights through the lens of the European Union countries." Almanac of law: The role of legal doctrine in ensuring of human rights 11, no. 11 (2020): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2020-11-32.

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The author of the article, first of all, draws attention to the current problems of protection and protection of human rights, which unfortunately are traced within the territorial jurisdiction of the European Union. Such problem is quite well demonstrated by Berbel Koffler, as the Commissioner of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany on human rights and humanitarian aid policy. Indeed, the Ombudsman of Germany has raised a number of deep dilemmas: violence against human rights defenders on the grounds of their professional activity, the relation of human rights institutions with p

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Robie, David, Philip Cass, and Mari Dunlop. "Noted: RSF cheekily climbing the barricades." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 1 (2016): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i1.25.

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Reviews of: Saving Independent Journalism: 30 Years Defending Media and Hostile Climate of Environmental Journalists. Paris, France: Reporters Without Borders. No ISBN (Reviewed by David Robie); The United Nations and Freedom of Expression and Information, edited by Tarlach McGonagle and Yvonne Donders. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107083868 (Reviewed by Philip Cass); Pacific Way: Auckland's Pasifika Community Diaspora Media, by Michael Neilson. Auckland: Pacific Media Centre. ISBN 978-1-927184-35-6 (Reviewed by Mari Dunlop).Thirty years ago, Reporters Sans Frontières b

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Hoyer, Dirk. "Dimitri Kirsanoff: The Elusive Estonian." Baltic Screen Media Review 4, no. 1 (2016): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmr-2017-0001.

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Abstract This article investigates the contradictory information about the Estonian identity of the filmmaker Dimitri Kirsanoff (1899–1957) and examines the archival material that provides final confirmation of his birth and childhood in Tartu. In addition, Kirsanoff’s substantial contribution to silent cinema and his significance in the context of French avant-garde impressionism are discussed. Kirsanoff’s most acclaimed film Ménilmontant (France, 1926) was released 90 years ago. It is still frequently screened all over the world, due to its experimental montage techniques, the early use of h

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Suh, Bo-Hack. "Interpretation and legislative theory related to the ‘act’ of Article 250, Paragraph 1 of the Public Official Election Act." Kyung Hee Law Journal 60, no. 1 (2025): 93–134. https://doi.org/10.15539/khlj.60.1.4.

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Article 250, Paragraph 1 of the Public Official Election Act aims to ensure a fair election by blocking the provision of false information to voters. However, it has a dilemma in that it restricts the freedom of election campaigning and freedom of expression. If the prosecution or the court rashly intervenes on the pretext of false statements or expressions made by candidates during the election campaign, the validity or invalidity of the public election results and the eligibility of candidates for public office will be virtually determined by these institutions, and the sovereign’s choice wi

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Kozyreva, Anna, Galina Rustikova, Tatiana Pirozhkova, Valentin Shelmenkov, and Alexey Belyavskiy. "Legal support of information security of the individual in the conditions of digital transformation of society." SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400043.

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The article considers a comprehensive legal approach to ensuring the information security of the individual in the context of the digital transformation of public relations affecting the spheres of education, obtaining public services, including in the administration of justice, as well as the digitalization of the legal profession. The process of creating the Concept of ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in the digital space of the Russian Federation, as well as the need for the objective use of personal data in the identification of a person in the information and communicat

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Goldford, Zackary. "Penalty Default Rules in French, German and Louisianan Contract Law." European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 9, no. 4 (2022): 358–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-bja10043.

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Abstract Some American law and economics scholars have used the term “penalty default rules” to describe default rules that are undesirable to at least one party to a contract. Parties have incentives to depart from these default rules and to share information in doing so. In a recent article, I brought this concept outside of the United States, the common law tradition and the law and economics literature by using it to describe a selection of rules in Québec contract law. In this article, I build on that work by identifying a selection of penalty default rules in three other civilian jurisdi

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Zanini-Cordi, Irene. "Introduction: Venice, Real and Imagined." Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture 53, no. 1 (2024): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sec.2024.a918567.

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Abstract: Despite its steady political decline, Venice was still a bustling center of commerce in the long eighteenth century and boasted a vivacious social and cultural life that attracted tourists and artists. The uniqueness of the city elicited a productive interplay between reality and imagination in the visual arts and in the memories of visitors. François-René de Chateaubriand, however, was unimpressed by Venice during his first visit in 1806. His letter to a friend laconically chronicling his negative view of the city was published in the Mercure de France and spurred a lively debate. T

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Allakhverdieva, Leyli Ali. "Measuring media liberalism or dirigisme degree by country." Economic Annals-ХХI 188, no. 3-4 (2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v188-01.

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The author measures the degree of of the public regulation of the information services provision via media (media liberalism degree), namely via printed media, and television and radio broadcasting. The methodology of measurement of media liberalism degree (media freedom subindex) is part of the index of liberalism (or dirigisme in opposite) of information services, prepared according to Professor N. Muzaffarli’s assessment of the degree of the government intervention in the economy. In order to measure the media freedom subindex, the following indicators are used: the VAT index on printed pub

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Gryn, Dmytro. "State regulation distribution of false information in the media space: foreign experience." 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1684-8489-2022-2-10.

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This paper focuses on necessity to regulate public relations regarding public figures related to defamation issues in the media space. The paper examines the experience of the countries in regulating defamatory content in the media space in general and in relation to public figures in particular. Results of this research are consistent with by the fact that a public figure is indeed limited in his right to respect for honor, dignity and business reputation, but is not deprived of such rights, which provides grounds for legislative consolidation of the protection of the honor, dignity and busin

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Koleva, Chaya. "From Admiration to Mistrust: the Construction of USSR’s Image in France during the Interwar Period." Proceedings of Institute for Historical Studies 39 (February 15, 2025): 421–51. https://doi.org/10.71069/iii39.25.ck17.

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The article examines the construction of USSR’s image in France during the interwar period. The establishment and development of the totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union sparked extensive discussions in the French media and cultural circles, where communist ideas found a place in the public sphere, primarily through the activities of the newly formed French Communist Party. This party served as a key conduit of information and played a central role in promoting a positive image of the Soviet Union, portraying the Soviet system as both efficient and better than the capitalist model. Medias l

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Tamba, Nokiamy Sesena, and Myrna Laksman-Huntley. "PENGGUNAAN FUNGSI PELENGKAP PADA KALIMAT DALAM TRACT MEI 1968." JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA 8, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/jib.v8i1.8922.

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Tract as a communication platform to call people to participate in demonstrations is still used by the French until 2019 in the Yellow Vest Movement. This proves the important usage of the track in France. The most important movement in French history that involves the utilization of tract was in Mai 68. By using it, the movement initiated by students of the University of Nanterre (May, 3rd 1968) was able to invite workers to join them on May 13 1968. However, it has a disadvantage due to paper usage: spatial limitations for the transmission of information. Therefore, it is necessary to pay at

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Cassou, Bernard, and Bernard Pissarro. "Workers' Participation and Occupational Health: The French Experience." International Journal of Health Services 18, no. 1 (1988): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/49lq-63xq-gak4-5y1j.

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In France, workers' participation in occupational health was organized for the first time in 1947, when Hygiene and Safety Committees were created. However, these committees remained ineffective in many firms for more than 20 years. Their role and power were greatly extended in 1976; in 1982, the Auroux Laws gave wage-earners new rights, mainly rights of expression. Here too, the way these laws have been put into operation varies a lot. Generally speaking, a great many regulations and laws exist that should give workers very good protection, but control systems are weak, and wage-earners' info

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Kharchenko, Oleksandr. "How Ukraine May Convey Truth about the War to the World." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XIX (2018): 792–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-49.

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The fifth year of confrontation with Russian aggressor and violent war in eastern Ukraine – which made the country to bleed – brought the cold understanding that this tragedy which was carried to the peaceful land of Ukraine, this dreadful mixture of cruelty, hostility, lies, military treachery and dishonour, this flow of a hatred and fear that every day pours into Ukraine from Russian “zombie boxes”, all these troubles will stay here for a long time. Therefore, we have to determine an evident thing. Those democratic norms of freedom of speech, pluralism, diversity of thoughts and views, which

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Malecki, Catherine. "Public opinion, risk to reputation: The essentials of societal corporate governance?" Journal of Governance and Regulation 1, no. 4 (2012): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v1_i4_c1_p5.

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Research Question/Issue: This paper will examine the role of reputation regarding corporate governance in terms of performance, risk control and the possible role of legislature or behaviors in this field (in particular with regards to the recent Green Paper “Companies in the EU: a management of governance”, COM (2011) 164 final, of the 5th April 2011, of the European Commission). Research Findings/Insights: Image, reputation, positive or negative opinion, notoriety of the companies and their managers are regarded as an element of their performance. It is accepted that public opinion, inherent

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Darlington, Emily, and Julien Masson. "What does co-creation mean? An attempt at definition informed by the perspectives of school health promoters in France." Health Education Journal 80, no. 6 (2021): 746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00178969211013570.

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Background: Capacity building and community-level participation are important to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of health promotion programmes, as well as to promote empowerment and decision-making power. However, stakeholders’ participation in the design and implementation of health promotion projects often involves the provision of information and consultation rather than partnership or citizen control, especially in school settings. Co-creation could be a means to support higher levels of participation, yet its definition remains unclear. A further challenge relates to the method

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Aştefanei, Iulia-Sînziana. "Media Representation of the Victims of Terrorist Attacks. An Ethical and Legal Analysis of Articles Published in Le Monde." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Ephemerides 66, no. 1 (2021): 27–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeph.2021.1.02.

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"The topic of this paper explores the online media representation of the victims of terrorist attacks in relation to the ethical and legal frameworks aimed at protecting the people. Despite the fact that freedom of expression should not be restricted under any circumstances, the news media outlets ought to take into consideration the legal acts, the moral behaviors and ethical principles when publishing and disseminating information about the terrorist attacks. Journalists should aim to pursue the purpose of this profession with the intent of remaining objective and upright while respecting th

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Kaczmarczyk, Michał. "LEGAL STATUS AND COMPETENCES OF THE FRENCH AUDIOVISUAL AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS REGULATORY AUTHORITY (ARCOM)." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 2, no. XXV (2025): 49–64. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.1874.

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The regulatory role of the state in the media communication market serves to provide the mass media with the appropriate formal and material conditions for the performance of functions of vital public interest, which in the sphere of broadcasting plays a dual role: on the one hand, it complements the freedom of expression in the media, especially in terms of guaranteeing the realisation of the rights of third parties to obtain information; on the other hand, it is a justification for state’s regulatory and control actions, the purpose of which is to supervise the media’s proper fulfilment of t

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Nikitenko, L. "Evolution of the idea of participative democracy." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 6 (February 18, 2023): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.06.63.

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The article examines the transformation of the content of the idea of participatory democracy with reference to historical retrospection. To carry out a full-fledged analysis of the evolution of the idea of participatory democracy, the way of development of the concept of democracy in general is considered. It has been established that the phenomenon of "democracy" originates from the times of antiquity and the works of Aristotle (384-322 BC), and the philosophers of the Renaissance (M. Machiavelli, J. Locke, S. Montesquieu, J.-J. Rousseau, A. Tocqueville, etc.). The process of implement

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Reshota, Volodymyr. "EUROPEAN MODELS OF ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE PROVIDING PROTECTION FOR THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF INDIVIDUALS." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, no. 79 (December 15, 2024): 153–59. https://doi.org/10.30970/vla.2024.79.153.

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The article deals with European models of administrative justice, which aim to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals in their relationship with public administration. The author provides the notion of administrative justice as a system of authorized judicial and quasi-judicial bodies to resolve and consider administrative disputes by a specially established procedure regarding the legality of decisions, actions, or inactions of public authorities that violate the rights, freedoms, and interests of private individuals in the field of public law relations. The article provides informati

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Gupta, KSHITIZ, and Sumeet Gupta. "Antidisestablishmentarianism in the American Election: The Rise of Donald Trump and Far Right Parties in Europe, Identity Politics in the light of Niccolo Machiavelliâ€™s Treatise â€“ â€˜The Princeâ€™." Journal of Global Economy 13, no. 4 (2018): 250–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v13i4.480.

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Background - The functioning of the American elections has a subtle political and social ring that resonates around the world but the concern regarding its proper functioning has been exacerbated by the 2016 election and the rise of President Donald Trump. Objective - The first section of the research paper looks at a few noteworthy difficulties confronting U.S political decisions, including extending party polarization over electrical methodology, the frangibility and vulnerability of historic classified electronic information to hacking and the effect of deregulation of campaign spending, ag

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Rahmawan, Hatib. "Changes In Education, Religion, Social, Economic, Culture, And Politics In Egypt Post-Napoleon Invasion." AL-MISBAH (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 7, no. 2 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/al-misbah.v7i2.1847.

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The important role of Egypt in the Resurrection of the Islamic world is did not happen suddenly, but he had to go through a dark history, that was colonialized by Napoleon Bonaparte. Even though Napoleon ruled Egypt for three years, but his presence woke the Egyptian consciousness to progress and change. This paper aims to uncover the changes that occurred in Egypt in the fields of education, issues, economy, culture, and politics post-Napoleon invasion. From this, a main problem can be formulated as follows; How was the change in education, religion, social, economy, culture, and politics pos

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Rahmawan, Hatib. "Changes In Education, Religion, Social, Economic, Culture, And Politics In Egypt Post-Napoleon Invasion." AL-MISBAH (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 7, no. 2 (2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/almisbah.v7i2.1847.

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The important role of Egypt in the Resurrection of the Islamic world is did not happen suddenly, but he had to go through a dark history, that was colonialized by Napoleon Bonaparte. Even though Napoleon ruled Egypt for three years, but his presence woke the Egyptian consciousness to progress and change. This paper aims to uncover the changes that occurred in Egypt in the fields of education, issues, economy, culture, and politics post-Napoleon invasion. From this, a main problem can be formulated as follows; How was the change in education, religion, social, economy, culture, and politics pos

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Rylova, A. N. "Self-regulation of journalism in Spain." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos, no. 2 (June 28, 2015): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2015-2-29-35.

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Self-regulation of journalism resides in voluntary measures taken by the professional community of journalists to guarantee the observation of certain rules and principles in the process of providing information to public, maintain independence and credibility of media. The institution of self-regulation of Spanish journalism emerged later than in other Western countries due to the history of interaction between the State and media: for a long time Spanish media were under State control and freedom of expression was constantly defied. That is why first attempts to establish bodies for self-reg

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Alicki, Robert. "False Qubits?: Polarization of Light and Josephson Junction." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 14, no. 02 (2007): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11080-007-9039-1.

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We compare two physical systems: polarization degrees of freedom of a macroscopic light beam and the Josephson junction (JJ) in the “charge qubit regime”. The first system obviously cannot carry genuine quantum information and we show that the maximal entanglement which could be encoded into polarization of two light beams scales like 1/(photon number). Two theories of JJ, one leading to the picture of “JJ-qubit” and the other based on the mean-field approach are discussed. The later, which seems to be more appropriate, implies that the JJ system is, essentially, mathematically equivalent to t

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Areal, Francisco J., and Laura Riesgo. "EU Inspections of GM Content in Food and Feed: Are They Effective?" Agriculture 11, no. 9 (2021): 842. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090842.

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We investigate the effectiveness of inspecting regimes in controlling food and feed products containing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) non-compliant with European Commission (EC) regulations (i.e., a food/feed import containing above the 0.9% GM content threshold for food and at or above 0.1% for feed allowed by the EC regulations but not (or incorrectly) labelled or food/feed imports containing unauthorized GMOs). We collate information at the country level from EC official reports on the number of samples and cases of non-compliance identified by official controls conducted by Europea

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Vorontsova, N. V., A. V. Merzlov, R. R. Mukhametzyanov, and N. G. Platonovskiy. "Assessment of the attractiveness of rural areas in terms of internal migration in Russia and the EU countries." Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises, no. 6 (2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31442/0235-2494-2021-0-6-40-47.

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Those born in rural areas move to urban areas for both temporary and permanent residence. In general, urbanization is expanding in the world, as evidenced by the increase in the proportion of the urban population. However, recently, in parallel with urbanization, especially in the developed countries of Europe, there has been a reverse flow - the resettlement of a certain part of the urban population to the countryside. It attracts city dwellers with a comparatively better ecological situation, the presence of wide spaces and a sense of freedom. All of this is also supported by modern innovati

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Verot, Elise, Paul Bonjean, Robin Chaux, et al. "Development and Validation of the COVID-19 Knowledges and Behavior Questionnaire in a French Population (CoVQuest-CC)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (2022): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052569.

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Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led most countries to take restrictive measures affecting social activities and individual freedoms to limit viral transmission. It was shown that practical, motivational and social barriers impact on adherence to the isolation and social distancing measures advocated by the health authorities. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a COVID-19 Knowledges and Behavior Questionnaire adapted to a teenager and adult French population. Methods: CoVQuest-CC was developed by a multidisciplinary team made of infectious diseases physicians, medical

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Wang, Aiqing. "Inter-lingual Homophony: Neige as a Demonstrative/Filler in Mandarin Chinese." Studia Orientalia Electronica 9, no. 1 (2021): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.102506.

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The demonstrative/filler neige in Mandarin Chinese is potentially contentious outside that language,as it bears resemblance in terms of pronunciation with a racial slur in English. Nonetheless, neigedoes not possess any racist connotation in Mandarin Chinese, and its analysis needs to take intoconsideration historical and contextual information. The form neige is a colloquialism of its formalequivalent nage, which has functioned as a demonstrative determiner/pronoun or a discoursemarker in verbal communication since ancient periods. The derivation of nei from na is realisedvia suppression of t

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Dr., John Motsamai Modise, Derek Taylor Dr., and Kishore Raga Dr. "Illicit use of Drugs among the Youth and Adults in the Frances Baard Region: Northern Cape, South Africa." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 6 (2022): 677–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6804825.

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The use of illicit substances(and resulting addiction) by adolescents and young adults has many adverse consequences both for the individual and for society. This article aims to explore the prevalence, factors and practices of illegal drug use by youth and adults in the Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. A categorical data method was adopted. Acquisition of information were through in-depth focus group interviews. A thematic analysis was utilised to analyse audio-taped data. Various substances are abused by the youth and adult population as revealed by

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Sarnavskyi, M. "Formation of the institute of military ombudsman in Ukraine: the role and significance of the principle of independence." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 3, no. 88 (2025): 41–48. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2025.88.3.6.

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The study reveals the content, functional purpose and prospects for the establishment of the military ombudsman institution in Ukraine, taking into account modern challenges, in particular a full-scale war. Emphasis is placed on the key importance of the principle of independence in the institutional and operational dimensions. It is emphasized that the autonomous status of the commissioner, impartiality in the appointment process, as well as guarantees of financial independence are fundamental prerequisites for the effective functioning of such an institution. At the same time, operational au

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Lebedeva, Yulia V. "Brexatom and its legal consequences." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 13, no. 4 (2022): 990–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2022.410.

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The article provides information about the legal consequences of Brexatom after the entry into force on January 1, 2021 of the Agreement between the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the European Atomic Energy Community for cooperation on the safe and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. After the signing of the international agreement, a new stage of relations began for the Euratom and the UK, based on the provisions of international law and the IAEA’s “soft law” norms; although the peculiarity is that, the Parties recognized the four freedoms of internal

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Adrian, Melanie. "France, the Veil and Religious Freedom." Religion, State and Society 37, no. 4 (2009): 345–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637490903315385.

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Shabrova, Nina V. "Parents in the School System in Europe." Integration of Education 26, no. 3 (2022): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.108.026.202203.539-558.

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Introduction. To determine the prospects for the development of the social community of parents as a subject of civil society in Russia it is necessary to analyze foreign practices of social and civil activities of parents. In this sense, the activities of European parents are of interest, reflecting the experience of countries with a developed civil society (France, Germany, Sweden). The aim of the article is to analyze the institutional opportunities and practices of European parentsʼ participation in the system of school education. Materials and Methods. The methodological framework for the

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Bronteryuk, B. "FEATURES OF THE 1968 STUDENT PROTEST IN BRAZIL." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 152-153 (2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2022.152-153.1.

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The article reveals the peculiarities of student protests in 1968 in Brazil, in addition to highlighting the characteristics of specifically Brazilian protests, the author also analyzes and compares them with protests in other European and American countries: France, USA, Mexico etc. In general, the article examines the main manifestations of the "Cultural Revolution", which is characterized by student protests in all parts of the world. Most of the protests were driven by a desire to change social principles. Students advocated for greater freedoms in education within universities, and for fr

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Sung, Nak-in. "Social Change and Constitutionalism." Korean Constitutional Law Association 29, no. 4 (2023): 1–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35901/kjcl.2023.29.4.1.

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Revolutionary social changes have led to reformations in the constitutional system of countries in human history. In this sense, Constitutionalism has had a direct impact not only on the countries and their people, but also on the lives of the mankind as a whole. Constitutionalism in the modern sense, a concept that is based on a society in which people are the masters of their own and that guarantees human freedom and rights, originates from the American Revolution of 1787 and the French Revolution of 1789. The bourgeois revolution brought about a fundamental social transition from monarchica

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