Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Futures – South Africa »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Futures – South Africa"
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Lavery, Charne. « Antarctica and Africa : Narrating alternate futures ». Polar Record 55, no 5 (septembre 2019) : 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247419000743.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractAfrica has been marginalised in the history of Antarctica, a politics of exclusion (with the exception of Apartheid South Africa) reflected unsurprisingly by a dearth of imaginative, cultural and literary engagement. But, in addition to paleontological and geophysical links, Antarctica has increasing interrelationship with Africa’s climactic future. Africa is widely predicted to be the continent worst affected by climate change, and Antarctica and its surrounding Southern Ocean are uniquely implicated as crucial mediators for changing global climate and currents, rainfall patterns, and sea level rise. This paper proposes that there are in fact several ways of imagining the far South from Africa in literary and cultural terms. One is to read against the grain for southern-directed perspectives in existing African literature and the arts, from southern coastlines looking south; another is to reexamine both familiar and new, speculative narratives of African weather – drought, flood and change – for their Antarctic entanglements. In the context of ongoing work on postcolonial Antarctica and calls to decolonise Antarctic studies – such readings can begin to bridge the Antarctica–Africa divide.
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Frank, Deon. « AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY FUTURES MARKETS IN SOUTH AFRICA ». Agrekon 31, no 4 (décembre 1992) : 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.1992.9524706.
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Spies, Philip. « Experience with futures research in South Africa ». Futures 26, no 9 (novembre 1994) : 964–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(94)90121-x.
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VAN DER VYVER, A., et J. VAN ZYL. « A FUTURES MARKET FOR MAIZE IN SOUTH AFRICA ». Agrekon 28, no 1 (février 1989) : 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03031853.1989.9524148.
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Tonder, S. Van, et J. H. Van Rooyen. « An explanatory model of South African yellow maize futures prices ». Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no 3 (2012) : 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3c1art5.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This study attempts to identify the important variables that may affect yellow maize futures prices in the South African derivatives market. Data was obtained from the South African Futures Exchange, a division of the Johannesburg Securities Exchange. Weekly data on the rand-dollar exchange rates were obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB). Monthly data regarding import volumes, export volumes, maize consumption and maize stocks in South Africa are available from South African Grain Information Service (SAGIS). Fifteen variables that may be used to forecast futures prices were identified from theory and similar studies. A correlation matrix of these variables with maize futures prices was determined at the 5% significance level. After applying various statistical analyses to test for autocorrelations, stationarity etc., only four variables were left with which to model the futures prices. The R2 of the remaining variables was only 12.21%, indicating a low goodness of fit. Applying the regression model to the ex-post prices clearly indicated that these variables that were identified do not adequately explain the movement in the futures prices. The primary reasons for the low accuracy of the model may be due to the use of the weather index for SA alone (a small contributor in a global market) and the linearity assumption underlying the selected dependant and independent variables may also be unrealistic. Further research is therefore needed to identify more appropriate variables with which to model yellow maize futures prices.
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Holman, Glen, Carlos Correia, Lucian Pitt et Akios Majoni. « The corporate use of derivatives by listed non-financial firms in Africa ». Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no 1 (2013) : 671–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i1c7art5.
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This paper presents the results of an extensive analysis of derivative use by 692 companies in 20 countries across the African continent. The results show that 29% of non-financial companies in Africa use derivatives but that derivative use is dominated by firms within South Africa. The study finds that 54% of firms in South Africa use derivatives but only 5% of non-financial firms in Africa (excluding South Africa) use derivatives for hedging purposes. The majority of derivative use is directed toward the management of currency risks and the derivative instrument of choice is OTC forwards. Swaps are used to hedge interest rate risk and minimal use is made of OTC or exchange traded options and futures
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faure, ap. « FAIR VALUE PRICING OF AGRICULTURAL FUTURES IN SOUTH AFRICA ». South African Journal of Economics 74, no 2 (juin 2006) : 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2006.00069.x.
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Cooper, Alan A. « The Many Futures for the Media in South Africa ». Ecquid Novi : African Journalism Studies 10, no 1-2 (janvier 1989) : 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.1989.9653021.
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Williams, Michelle. « Reimagining Socialist Futures in South Africa and Kerala, India ». Journal of Asian and African Studies 44, no 1 (février 2009) : 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909608098678.
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Lewis, Simon. « “This Land South Africa” : Rewriting Time and Space in Postapartheid Poetry and Property ». Environment and Planning A : Economy and Space 33, no 12 (décembre 2001) : 2095–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a33186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The widespread concern in recent South African poetry with landscape and the question of what place the poet occupies in that landscape arises less as a response to the turn of the millennium than to the historical end of formal apartheid, but nonetheless marks an epochal shift in sensibility. Whereas much poetry of the 1980s evoked a sense of extreme dislocation in recent time and local space (marked by references to a precarious present of forced removal and migrancy, and unspecified, unsettled futures), some significant recent work has been marked by a desire to relocate the human presence in South Africa in terms of geological time and continental space. This generalization needs to be qualified by reference to racial and political positioning within South Africa, and in this paper I distinguish between the work of committed white writers such as ex-political-prisoner Jeremy Cronin (now Secretary of the South African Communist Party) and Barry Feinberg (now curator of the Mayibuye Centre), and the work of black writers such as Don Mattera, Seitlhamo Motsapi, Lesego Rampolokeng, and Daniel P Kunene. The regrounding of the human presence in South Africa by white writers such as Cronin and Feinberg attempts a radical remapping of South African cultural identity in utopianly unraced terms, while the reclamation of continental African and local South African place names by black writers such as Mattera, Motsapi, Rampolokeng, and Kunene draws attention to the material reality of a postapartheid heterotopia in which South Africa's postmodern landscape is being divided up and sold off in ways that combine a very old-fashioned rhetoric of class and space with a new/old racial coding.
Thèses sur le sujet "Futures – South Africa"
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Annandale, Martin Deon. « Futures for viable healthcare models for South Africa ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17466.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to identify possible viable future healthcare models for South Africa, using the techniques and methodologies advocated in the field of future studies by futurists and erudite academics such as Ackoff, Drucker, De Jouvenel, Slaughter, Dostal and Roux. This topic necessitated a problem-orientated approach to future studies based on the complexities inherent thereto. A great deal of emphasis was therefore placed on the tools of rational analysis, which are supported by unregarded worldview assumptions about the ability of humans to regulate and control the world and therefore the framing of new laws, rules and regulations. The forward view was generated by using the appropriate methodologies such as environmental scanning and the analysis of trends and outcomes. Enrichment to the foresight work, beyond the respective models, was furthermore achieved by acknowledging the cultural and social-political arena wherein the current healthcare models in South Africa operate. The focused scan of salient and credible material and publications was extended to include research into healthcare outcomes achieved in countries with comparable economic and demographic profiles to South Africa. Supplementary research was also conducted into comprehensive aspects such as ethics and health economics in conjunction with recognised international healthcare models. The drivers of quality healthcare at primary and secondary healthcare levels and therefore also representing the constraining factors in the South African milieu being available healthcare practitioners, training, physical infrastructure, technology, access to facilities and the affordability of healthcare were explored to ensure the viability of the futures healthcare models contemplated. The identification of probable futures was accomplished by means of scenario development which focussed on the critical uncertainties of healthcare funding models and nationalisation as opposed to free market models competing for available resources in a semi-regulated environment. Thereafter Delphi techniques were used to acquire consensus from specialists currently working in the field of public and private healthcare along with stakeholders such as leaders of enterprise, healthcare funders and regulators as regards the identification of preferred future healthcare models that will meet, in a sustainable manner, the constitutional right to basic healthcare and enhance the quality of life and life expectancy of all South Africans. The relevance and credibility of the consensus opinions of the selected experts who participated in the research was again tested against the futures discourse publicised in the press to ensure that personal, cultural and organisational factors were not disregarded in the process. The study concluded on the fact that additional research and debate are required to ensure that the societal, organisational and individual aspects of the system wherein healthcare operates are comprehensively addressed by all relevant stakeholders in a manner that void of the neuroses caused by anxiety when thinking of the future.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om moontlike volhoubare toekomstige gesondheidsorgmodelle vir Suid-Afrika te identifiseer deur gebruik te maak van tegnieke en metodologieë soos voorgehou deur deskundiges en hoogs belese akademici in die veld van toekomstudies, soos Ackoff, Drucker, De Jouvenel, Dostal en Roux. Die studie het, as gevolg van die kompleksiteit daarvan, ´n probleem-gerigte benadering tot toekomstudies verlang. Gevolglik is baie klem geplaas op rasionele analise-tegnieke, wat ondersteun word deur wêreldsiening-aannames aangaande die mens se vermoeë om die wêreld te reguleer en te beheer deur middel van nuwe wetgewing, reëls en regulasies. Die toekomsgerigte siening is gegenereer deur die gebruik van toepaslike metodologieë, soos byvoorbeeld omgewingskandering en die analise van tendense en uitkomste. Die toekomsgerigte werk is aangevul deur erkenning te gee aan die kulturele en sosio-politiese milieu waarbinne die huidige gesondheidsorgmodelle in Suid Afrika funksioneer. Die gefokusde skandering van kredietwaardige bronne en publikasies is uitgebrei ten einde navorsing oor gesondheidsorguitkomste, soos behaal in lande met vergelykbare ekonomiese en demografiese profiele, soos Suid Afrika, in te sluit. Aanvullende navorsing is verder onderneem en was gerig op omvattende aspekte soos etiek en gesondheidsekonomie, tesame met erkende internasionale gesordheidsorgmodelle. Die kernbepalers van kwaliteit-gesondheidsorg op primêre en sekondêre gesondheidsorgvlak, wat dus ook die beperkende faktore in die Suid-Afrikaanse milieu verteenwoordig, naamlik beskikbaarheid van mediese praktisyns, opleiding, fisiese infrastruktuur, tegnologie, toegang tot fasiliteite en die bekostigbaarheid van gesondheidsorg, is ondersoek ten einde die volhoubaarheid van die toekomsgesondheidsmodelle te verseker. Die identifiserings van waarskynlike toekomste is bereik deur scenario-ontwikkeling wat gefokus het op die kritiese onsekerhede van gesondheidsorgbefondsing en nationalisering, teenoor ´n vryemarkstelsel wat meeding om beskikbare hulpbronne in ´n deels-gereguleerde omgewing. Daarna is Delphi-metodieke gebruik om konsensus te verkry onder kenners wat tans in die veld van openbare en privaat gesondheidsorg werksaam is, asook belanghebbendes soos leiers in besighede, gesondheidsorgbefondsers en reguleerders, ten opsigte van voorkeur-toekomsgesondheidsorgmodelle wat op ´n volhoubare wyse die grondwetlike regte tot basiese gesondheidsorg en die verbetering van die kwaliteit van lewe en lewensverwagting van alle Suid-Afrikaners sal bevorder. Die toepaslikheid en geloofwaardigheid van die konsensusmenings van die gekose kenners wat deelgeneem het aan die navorsing is weer getoets teen toekomsgesprekke soos gepubliseer in die media ten einde te verseker dat persoonlike, kulturele en organisatoriese faktore nie in die proses misken is nie. Die studie het tot die slotsom gekom dat verdere navorsing en debat nodig is ten einde te verseker dat die sosiale, organisatoriese en individuele aspekte van die stelsel waarbinne gesondheidsorg funksioneer omvattend aangespreek word deur alle belanghebbendes, en op ´n wyse wat enige neurose wat tot angstigheid oor toekomsdenke kan lei, die hok slaan.
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Keyser, Johannes de Kock. « The relationship between futures prices and expected future spot prices : some South African evidence ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53155.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A unique data set consisting of economists' expectations on key economic indicators was examined within the context of the controversial normal backwardation theory of Keynes. The economists' expectations were regarded as the expected future spot price and the relationship between them and the corresponding futures contracts was analysed. The respective economic indicators were: i) the yield from aparastatal Bond, ii) the yield from Government Bonds, iii) the rate of the 90 day Banker's Acceptance (BA) Deposit Rate and iv) the Rand/Dollar (R/$) Exchange Rate for the past seven years, i.e. 1995 to 2001. The accuracy of the economists' predictions was tested both on a visual basis and the relationship between the expected values and the futures prices was plotted in a graphical format. A nonparametric statistical procedure was used to determine whether the economists' expectations were of any value. To put it differently, the question being posed is: do these economists, as a group, possess some superior forecasting skills? Two different conclusions were reached from the analysis: First conclusion: by accepting the normal backwardation theory, it implies that the contango theory also holds. Therefore, when analysing the data set visually - depending on which theory it supports - the futures price must trade consistently below or above the expected future spot price. For this particular analysis the yield of the bond, and not its price, was the important factor. In most cases the plotted relationships between the expected values and the futures prices were found to support the contango theory and, to a lesser extent, the normal backwardation theory. Hence, speculators were, in order to make profits, predominately sellers of futures contracts. Second conclusion: the strongest conclusion, however, follows from the statistical tests conducted on the expected values. It was found that economists do possess some superior forecasting skills and if they had used their predictions and had taken the corresponding market positions, they would have been consistent winners in the futures market. Their reward would be mainly for their ability to forecast eventual spot prices and, to a lesser extent, for their risk bearing. It was impossible to link the two conclusions to confirm the normal backwardation theory, for the particular South African data set. The evidence is thus consistent with the hypothesis that the futures price is an unbiased estimate of the expected future spot price.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Unieke datastel, bestaande uit ekonome se vooruitsigte van kern ekonomiese aanwysers, is ondersoek binne die konteks van die omstrede normale terugwaardasie-teorie (d.i. "normal backwardation theory") van Keynes. Die ekonome se vooruitsigte is aanvaar as die verwagte toekomstige kontantprys en die verhouding hiertussen en die ooreenstemmende termynpryse is ontleed. Die onderskeie ekonomiese aanwysers was: i) die opbrengs op 'n Semi-Staatseffek, ii) die opbrengs op Staatseffekte, iii) die koers van die negentig-dae-Bankaksepte (BA) Depositokoers en iv) die Rand/Dollar (R/$) Wisselkoers oor die afgelope sewe jaar, d.w.s. 1995 tot 2001. Die akkuraatheid van die ekonome se vooruitskattings is op 'n visuele basis vergelyk, en die verhouding tussen die verwagte prys en die termynpryse is in grafiese formaat gekarteer. 'n Nie-parametriese statistiese prosedure is gebruik om vas te stel of hierdie ekonome se vooruitsigte van enige waarde was. Anders gestel, die vraag is: beskik hierdie ekonome as 'n groep oor sekere superieure vooruitskattingsvaardighede? Die volgende twee afsonderlike gevolgtrekkings is geformuleer: Eerste gevolgtrekking: deur die normale terugwaardasie-teorie te aanvaar, impliseer dit dat die contango-teorie (d.i, "contango theory") ook geldig is. Dus, wanneer die datastel visueel getoets word - afhangende van watter teorie dit ondersteun - moet die termynprys konsekwent bo of onder die verwagte toekomstige kontantprys verhandel. Vir hierdie bepaalde analise was die opbrengs van die staatseffek die belangrike faktor en nié die prys daarvan nie. In die meeste gevalle het die gekarteerde verhouding tussen die verwagte prys en die termynprys getoon dat dit die contango-teorie ondersteun het en, in 'n mindere mate, die normale terugwaardasie-teorie. Derhalwe was spekulante, ten einde wins te maak, oorwegend die verkopers van termynkontrakte. Tweede gevolgtrekking: die belangrikste gevolgtrekking volg egter uit die statistiese toetse wat uitgevoer is op die verwagte pryse. Daar is bevind dat ekonome wel oor superieure vooruitskattingsvaardighede beskik en dat, indien hulle hul vooruitskattings gebruik en die ooreenstemmende markposisies ingeneem het, hulle konsekwent wenners in die termynmark sou gewees het. Hulle vergoedings sou hoofsaaklik gewees het vir hulle vermoë om uiteindelike kontantpryse te voorspel en, in 'n mindere mate, vir hulle risiko-blootstelling. Dit was onmoontlik om hierdie twee vergelykings met mekaar te verbind om sodoende die normale terugwaardasie-teorie te onderskryf vir die betrokke Suid-Afrikaanse datastel. Die bewyslewering is dus konsekwent met die hipotese dat die termynprys 'n onsydige skatting van die verwagte toekomstige kontantprys is.
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Adendorff, Christian Michael. « Possible futures for the Republic of South Africa towards 2055 ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7816.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The purpose of this thesis was to develop four scenarios for South Africa over the next forty years: Mandela's Dream in which positive elements come into function for South Africa's economy and governance; the Historical African Syndrome, in which the key driving forces unfold in an uneven pattern, or have a differentiated impact on South Africa's economy; the Good, the Bad and the Ugly in which less good governance prevails, but where a fortunate economy and firm national management allow South Africa to become competitive and benefit from satisfactory economic growth; and the Pyramid Syndrome Scenario in which negative regional drivers of change corrode positive policies and initiatives in a manner which compounds the pre-existing threats to South Africa's growth.
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Krugel, Louisa Jacoba. « White maize futures contracts in South Africa / Louisa Jacoba Krugel ». Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/340.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Produsente van landboukommoditeite, veral in ontwikkelende lande, word
blootgestel aan prysrisiko's. Markte vir landboukommoditeite in Suid-Afrika,
soos in die res van die wêreld, is die afgelope aantal jare gekenmerk deur
prosesse van deregulering. Die bemarkingsrade wat aanvanklik
verantwoordelik was vir die bemarking van landbouprodukte, het ontbind en
produsente van landbouprodukte moes nuwe metodes vind om hulle produkte
te bemark. Een van die metodes wat gebruik word, is termynkontrakte.
Witmielies en geelmielies is die twee landboukommoditeite wat in die grootste
hoeveelhede geproduseer word in Suid-Afrika. Witmielies en geelmielies
word as twee afsonderlike kommoditeite verhandel op die termynbeurs.
Witmielies word hoofsaaklik aangewend vir menslike verbruik en geelmielies
vir dierevoer. Hierdie studie fokus hoofsaaklik op witmielies.
Die prys van mielies word beïnvloed deur veranderinge in die vraag daarna
en aanbod daarvan. Faktore wat die vraag en aanbod van mielies beïnvloed
is, onder andere, oesskattings, reënval, die wisselkoers en die pryse van
mielies op die buitelandse mark, veral die markte in die VSA. In Suid-Afrika
vorm die invoerpariteit en uitvoerpariteit 'n band waarbinne die prys van
mielies varieer.
Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n regressievergelyking te konstrueer ten
einde prys van die witmielietermynkontrakte te verklaar. Die regressie-analise
word deur middel van 'n foutherstellende model met outoregressiewe
foutterme behartig. Die regressie-analise slaag daarin om die prys van
witmielietermynkontrakte te verklaar.Thesis (M.Com. (Economics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.
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Chisadza, Charity-Ann. « Solid waste management (SWM) in Johannesburg : alternative futures ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97464.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Johannesburg generates in excess of 1 500 000 tonnes of general waste annually and has on average 10 years’ lifespan remaining on its four landfill sites. As a signatory to the Polokwane Declaration, the City of Johannesburg has recognised the need for new interventions to divert waste from landfills by various methods, such as separation at source; alternative treatment methods and the conversion of waste to energy. Progress has, however, been slow and this research aims to investigate alternative waste management techniques that can be applied in the City of Johannesburg to fast track the realisation of these targets. Using scenario planning techniques, the research considers implications for policy and management decisions in realising the best possible future in the area of waste management in Johannesburg. The scenario process was used to develop the following scenarios for waste management in Johannesburg: Long walk to freedom. Waste collection coverage includes pockets of the community where waste collections services are less than optimal. The residents of the city, particularly in these underserviced areas, are also not very knowledgeable of the impact that the waste generated within their communities can have on the environment and what alternatives there are to manage this. Pick it up. The City provides full services to a society that functions in relative oblivion of the implications of their behaviour on the environment. It is assumed to be the role of government to “pick up” after communities and dispose of waste. This scenario is oblivious of the waste hierarchy and the role communities could play in minimising waste. Wishing on a star. The city continues to have under-serviced areas, public awareness is high and this fuels correct behaviour and a mind-set shift with regard to waste management. Working together we can do more. The City optimises its service provision to cover all areas while also ensuring maximum public awareness and behaviour change with regard to waste management.
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Mashamaite, Makwena Phistos. « Price asymmetry in South African futures markets for agricultural commodities ». Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/942.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.Sc. ( Agricultural Economics )) --University of Limpopo, 2005The deregulation of agricultural markets in South Africa led to the establishment of a futures market for agricultural products, which was opened in January 1995. The marketing of Agricultural products act No. 47 of 1996 was passed at the end of 1996. The new Marketing of Agricultural Products Act (Act No. 47 of 1996) in South Africa has created an environment in which farmers, traders and processors are able to react positively to transparent prices that are market related. Agricultural futures markets serve several important functions, such as price risk management, price discovery and forward pricing. Economists around the world have studied vertical and spatial price relationships, and the behaviour of price changes in futures markets using asymmetry tests. Price asymmetry results in futures markets have a number of important implications. Firstly, traditional models in time series may be slightly biased when forecasting future prices, because they assume price symmetry. Secondly, asymmetry results may imply that the weak-form efficient markets hypothesis appears to be contradicted, thus indicating that past prices do affect current prices and do contain information. Lastly, if persistent asymmetry is found in futures markets, market regulators and policy makers may wish to use asymmetric information to improve the functioning and stability of futures markets through improved price limit and margin policies. Implementing policies iv accounting for asymmetric behaviour may help avoid market crashes and sudden unexpected price adjustments adversely affecting market participants. This study tests the existence of price asymmetry in South African futures markets for white and yellow maize, wheat and sunflower seeds using a dynamic price asymmetry model. The sum of coefficients test and the speed of adjustment test are used to determine whether or not prices move up in the same fashion as they move down, over daily and weekly data frequencies. Out of the four commodity futures markets studied over varying data frequencies, only daily wheat is price asymmetric. Wheat daily prices respond faster to price decreases than to price increases. The implication of the results is that past prices do affect current prices and contain information. Hence, the weak-form efficient market hypothesis appears to be contradicted for wheat futures market. Another important implication of the results is that implementing policies accounting for asymmetric behavior through price limit and margin policies will improve the functioning and stability of wheat futures market in South Africa.
National Research Foundation, and the University of Limpopo
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Motladiile, Bopelokgale. « Relationship between share index volatility, basis and open interest in futures contracts : the South African experience ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53572.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a rational efficiently functioning market, the price of the share index and share index futures contracts should be perfectly contemporaneously correlated. According to the cost of carry model, the futures price should equal its fair value at maturity. The basis should be equal to the cost of carry throughout the duration of the futures contract. However, in practice the cost of carry model is obscured and the basis varies and is normally not equal to the cost of carry. Reasons for this variability in basis include the mark-to-market requirement of the futures contract, the differential tax treatment of spot and futures contracts, as well as the transaction cost of entering into a contract. Transaction costs are lower for futures contracts than for spot contracts. This study uses the Chen, Cuny and Haugen (1995) model to examine the relationship between the basis and volatility of the underlying index and between the open interest of the futures contract and the volatility of the underlying index. Chen et al. (1995) predicted that the basis is negatively related to the volatility of the underlying index and that the open interest is positively related to the volatility of the underlying index. The study will also test the statement by Helmer and Longstaff (1991) that the basis has a negative concave relationship with the level of interest rate. The tests were performed on data from ALSI, FINI and INDI futures contracts. The sample period was from January 1998 to December 2001. The results correspond to those obtained by Chen et al. (1995) in that the basis is negatively related to the volatility of the underlying index. This is true for all the three indices. The other main prediction of the Chen, Cuny and Haugen (CCH) model (1995), which is also supported by the study, is that open interest is significantly related to the volatility of the underlying index. The study also supports the statement by Helmer and Longstaff (1991) that the there is a highly significant negative concave relationship between the basis and interest rate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In "n mark wat rasioneel funksioneer, behoort die prys van die aandele-indeks en aandele-indekstermynkontrakte perfek gekorreleer te wees in tyd. Volgens die drakostemodel behoort die termynkontrakprys op die vervaldatum gelyk te wees aan die billike waarde daarvan. Die basis behoort vir die looptyd van die termynkontrak gelyk te wees aan die drakoste. In die praktyk word die drakostemodel egter vertroebel en wissel die basis en is dit gewoonlik nie gelyk aan die drakoste nie. Redes vir hierdie veranderlikheid van die basis sluit in die waardasie teenoor markprys van die termynkontrak, die belasting van toepassing op loko- en termynkontrakte, asook die transaksiekoste by die aangaan van "n kontrak. transaksiekoste vir termynkontrakte is laer as vir lokokontrakte. Hierdie studie gebruik die model van Chen, Cuny en Haugen (1995) om die verwantskap tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks en tussen die oop kontrakte van die termynkontrak en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks te ondersoek. Chen et al. (1995) voer aan dat daar 'n negatiewe verwantskap is tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks en dat daar "n positiewe verwantskap is tussen die oop rente en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks. Die studie toets ook Helmer en Longstaff (1991) se hipotese dat daar 'n negatiewe, konkawe verhouding tussen die basis en die rentekoersvlak bestaan. Die toetse is uitgevoer op data van ALSI-, FINI- EN INDItermynkontrakte. Die steekproef was van Januarie 1998 tot Desember 2001. Die resultate stem ooreen met dié van Chen, Cuny en Haugen (1995) se model (CCH-model) in dié opsig dat daar "n negatiewe verband is tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks. Dit geld vir al drie die indekse. Die ander hoofresultate van Chen et al. (1995), wat ook deur die studie ondersteun word, is dat daar "n beduidende verband tussen die oop kontrakte en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks bestaan. Die studie ondersteun ook Helmer en Longstaff(1991) se siening dat daar 'n beduidende, negatiewe, konkawe verhouding tussen die basis en die rentekoers bestaan.
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Giyose, Dorrington. « Possible scenarios for Africa's economic futures towards 2055 ». Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021188.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This academic discourse is a research treatise that is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters in Business Administration (MBA) degree at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU). Purpose – The purpose of this treatise is to develop four possible scenarios for Africa’s economic futures over the next 40 years, i.e. towards 2055. This study will expose the possible, probable, plausible, and preferable (desirable) scenarios for Africa towards 2055. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study employs a Futures Studies methodology that is known as scenario planning. The key variables of the scenarios are clustered as follows: Good governance and good economic growth; Good governance and bad economic growth; Bad governance and bad economic growth; as well as bad governance and good economic growth. Each of these scenarios begin with the current state of affairs in Africa. As such, the four scenarios in this study are informed by the current affairs in African countries as is internationally observed by scientists, researchers, as well as global views and opinions. Practical implications – This academic discourse provides useful insight into the causality relationship between the political, economic, sociological, technological, ecological, as well as legal factors (PESTEL factors) on the continent and the possible scenarios for Africa’s economic futures towards 2055. The aforementioned causality relationship between the abovementioned variables allows for insight into the drivers for change for Africa as well as in what way to anticipate these changes in accordance with scenario planning. Originality/Value: This treatise looks at the economic futures of Africa over the next 40 years from the point of view of African planners and African decision-makers.
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Bristow, Tegan Mary. « Post African futures : decoloniality and actional methodologies in art and cultural practices in African cultures of technology ». Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10848.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis addresses the presence and role of critical aesthetic practices by cultural practitioners and creative technologists in addressing cultures of technology in contemporary African societies. Nairobi and Johannesburg are used as primary case studies through which a closer understanding of these unique cultures of technology are unpacked. The learning established from the findings of the cases is applied to understanding the concerns of cultures of technology within these and other African contexts. In this, attention is placed on latent neo-colonialism found in the relationship between African cultures and the networked global information economy being led by technology practices. This research starts by responding to a paucity of prior investigation in the field, and thereby aims to identify an ontological framework for Africa’s cultural engagement with technology. The primary research is preceded by an introductory chapter that draws on African knowledge theory and a critique of historical scholarship that exists on African experiences with technology. The primary research is predicated on this critical framework and uses it as a foundation from which to address concerns around contemporary digital and communications technologies and an African cultural encounter with a networked and globalised system. Due to the paucity around scholarship on Africa within this field, the methodological approach evolved as an iterative development between theoretical and empirical research. This methodological development was informed by the theory of decolonising methodologies and was led by culturally responsive methods. Through thematic content analysis of the fieldwork, the identification of key themes impacted the theoretical framing of the research. Not only were new concerns identified, but particular aesthetic mechanisms became apparent in the practices of those interviewed. These brought to light the importance of decolonising methodologies within a cultural practice. This importance led to the development of a responsive exhibition, also titled Post African Futures. The exhibition was held at the Goodman Gallery in Johannesburg in May 2015. Post African Futures as both a framework and an exhibition is central to this thesis’s contribution of new knowledge. This exhibition develops the propositions of the primary research and is therefore instrumental in strengthening a context-sensitive critical position that affords Africans the privilege of contributing to and providing insight into a globalised technology culture and its futures in relation to regions in Africa.
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Botha, Marius. « Emerging trends in the South African financial merchanisms of disability protection ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18177.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to provide an overview of the South African financial mechanisms of protection available to people with disabilities, and to project possible future trends in providing these levels of cover. Alternative future scenarios that could pan out over the long-term are sketched to help understand the various external factors that could have an impact on disability risk protection in South Africa. The main classifications of the various benefits are split into social assistance and social insurance measures. The future landscape for each is explored by reviewing the associated social security and private insurance reforms currently envisaged. A key expected driver of private insurance reform is the introduction of a formal contributory system of social security in South Africa. The provision of disability cover in such a system is reviewed separately through proposals for a new mandatory system of retirement and risk benefit management in the country. Recommendations for a more coherent framework amongst the various mechanisms of disability protection and their designs are made. This is done within the context of the social model of disability that has developed in recent years.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie verslag gee ‘n oorsig van die Suid-Afrikaanse finansiële beskermings meganismes wat beskikbaar is vir mense met gestremdhede. Dit lig veral moontlike tendense vir die toekoms van sulke vorme van ongeskiktheids-dekking uit deur sekere vooruitskattings te maak. Daar is verskeie maniere waarop hierdie, en moontlik nuwe, meganismes kan ontwikkel met tyd. Dit is belangrik om te verstaan hoe sekere omgewingsfaktore ‘n rol speel in die bestuur van ongeskiktheids risiko’s. Die verslag klassifiseer die meganismes in twee kategorieë, staatstoelae en privaat versekerings-voordele. Ondersoek word ingestel na die toekomstige ontwikkeling van hierdie voordele deur huidige hervormings te oorweeg. Een van hierdie hervormings wat tot grootskaalse verandering kan lei is die inwerkingstelling van ’n nasionale pensionfonds waartoe alle Suid-Afrikaners verpligte bydraes sal maak. Die meriete van die verskaffing van ’n ongeskiktheidsvoordeel deur so ’n fonds word onder andere ondersoek. Voorstelle vir ‘n beter samehangende raamwerk waarbinne die reeks voordele verskaf kan word, word ook gemaak. Die algemene tendens vir ’n meer sosiale inslag in die ontleding van gestremdheid gee ’n bepaalde konteks aan die debat.
Livres sur le sujet "Futures – South Africa"
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Committee of Investigation into the Development of Financial Futures Transactions in South Africa. Report of the Committee of Investigation into the Development of Financial Futures Transactions in South Africa. [Pretoria : The Committee, 1988.
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Toxic futures : South Africa in the crises of energy, environment and capital. Scottsville, South Africa : University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2011.
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Ginsberg, Anthony. South Africa's Future. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230373433.
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Ashraf, Jamal, dir. Art in South Africa : The future present. Cape Town : David Philip, 1996.
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Keyes, Alan L. Does South Africa have a future ? Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1986.
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Shultz, George Pratt. The democratic future of South Africa. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.
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Shultz, George Pratt. The democratic future of South Africa. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.
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Shultz, George Pratt. The democratic future of South Africa. Washington, D.C : U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.
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Jost, Kenneth. South Africa's future : Can South Africa make the transition to a non-racial democracy ? Washington, D.C : Congressional Quarterly, Inc., 1994.
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Buthelezi, Gatsha. South Africa : My vision of the future. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1990.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Futures – South Africa"
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Malebye, Princess Mpelo. « Fallist Feminist Futures in South Africa ». Dans Gender, Protests and Political Change in Africa, 61–80. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46343-4_4.
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Wilson, John R., John Measey, David M. Richardson, Brian W. van Wilgen et Tsungai A. Zengeya. « Potential Futures of Biological Invasions in South Africa ». Dans Biological Invasions in South Africa, 917–46. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32394-3_31.
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Friedman, Steven, Kenny Hlela et Paul Thulare. « 6. A question of voice : informality and pro-poor policy in Johannesburg, South Africa ». Dans Urban Futures, 49–68. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom : Practical Action Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446325.006.
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Pattenden, Oliver. « Schooling in Post-Apartheid South Africa : Hopes, Struggles, and Contested Responsibilities ». Dans Anthropological Perspectives on Student Futures, 85–102. New York : Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-54786-6_6.
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Cilliers, Jakkie. « The Growing Gap ». Dans The Future of Africa, 1–22. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_1.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractIn this chapter Cilliers introduces the growing divergence in income and other indices of well-being between Africa and the Rest of the World. He touches on various aspects such as extreme poverty and Africa’s marginal role in the global economy and illustrates the challenge by comparing the divergent experiences of South Korea and Ghana in demographics and income, before moving to introduce matters relating to productivity, digitisation, agriculture and manufacturing. The chapter presents key characteristics of Africa compared to other countries and regions to 2040, defines some of the terms, introduces the International Futures forecasting platform that is used for the forecasts, and the structure of the book.
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Cilliers, Elizelle Juanee. « The Undervaluation, but Extreme Importance, of Social Sustainability in South Africa ». Dans Smart Futures, Challenges of Urbanisation, and Social Sustainability, 131–47. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74549-7_8.
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Rosenberg, Eureta, et Sibusiso T. Manzini. « 18. Leadership for biodiversity in South Africa : transformation and capacity development in the GreenMatter programme ». Dans Intergenerational learning and transformative leadership for sustainable futures, 269–78. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-802-5_18.
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McGarry, Dylan. « 12. Empathetic apprentice : pedagogical developments in aesthetic education of the social learning practitioner in South Africa ». Dans Intergenerational learning and transformative leadership for sustainable futures, 189–200. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-802-5_12.
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Kulundu, Injairu. « 33. Change Drivers at the front lines of the future : rising cultures for sustainability education in contemporary South Africa ». Dans Envisioning futures for environmental and sustainability education, 419–26. The Netherlands : Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-846-9_33.
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Merrey, Douglas J., Anjal Prakash, Larry Swatuk, Inga Jacobs et Vishal Narain. « Water Governance Futures in South Asia and Southern Africa : Déjà Vu All Over Again ? » Dans Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century, 229–50. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43350-9_12.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Futures – South Africa"
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Tsits, Gwatiringa, et Adendorff Chris. « Virtual Reality Bridging the Gap between Job Skills Required and University Curriculum Competency in South Africa ». Dans International Conference on Education. The International Institute of Knowledge Management, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/24246700.2020.6203.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Pervasive technologies such as Virtual Reality are disrupting and transforming the way we work and learn, necessitating the development of new ways of education to allow future employees to flexibly react to the future world of work and meet the demands of such a digitised working environment. By way of futures methodology, the aim of the research was to identify the present forces, trends and drivers of change that impact the future of education and the future of work. The Six Pillars of Futures Studies approach to research by Inayatullah was applied throughout the study. The mapping (environmental scanning) of Virtual Reality technologies as a driver of change was done, highlighting the impact of such technology on tertiary education and on the world of work. The purpose of the environmental scanning was to uncover existing and driving forces that will influence the future of tertiary education and the future of work. The Causal Layer Analysis (CLA) was the primary futures methodology applied in this research. CLA was used to investigate deeper causal issues from various viewpoints in order to formulate scenarios for the future. The study developed four different future scenarios and the most favourable scenario was used to formulate the recommended vision, "Future Vision of Education and Work in South Africa towards 2030" which incorporates a realistic, attainable and desirable future that could foreground the improvement of the skills gap in the South African context. This preferred future envisages an education system that broadens access to opportunities and provides the skills and competences that people need to thrive in a new sustainable economy. Keywords: Virtual Reality, Future of Education, Future workforce, Job Skills Requirements, Fourth Industrial Revolution, Futures Studies.
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Ayankoya, Kayode, Andre P. Calitz et Jean H. Greyling. « Using Neural Networks for Predicting Futures Contract Prices of White Maize in South Africa ». Dans the Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2987491.2987508.
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Smith, Ronel, et Isabel Meyer. « Futures approaches in ICT for agriculture policy development in South Africa : Using value chain frameworks to enhance validity ». Dans 2016 IEEE Technological Innovations in ICT for Agriculture and Rural Development (TIAR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tiar.2016.7801204.
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Heun, M. K., J. L. van Niekerk, M. Swilling, A. J. Meyer, A. Brent et T. P. Fluri. « Learnable Lessons on Sustainability From the Provision of Electricity in South Africa ». Dans ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90071.
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South Africa is a “canary in a coal mine” for the world’s upcoming ecological crises, especially regarding electrical energy provision for a developing modern society, because aspects of the South African situation may be repeated elsewhere when ecological limits constrain economic activity. We describe the South African context in terms of social issues and economic development policies, environmental issues, and the electrical energy situation in the country. We explore implications of the South African context for the provision of electrical energy in terms of development objectives, climate change, the electrical grid, water, and solar, wind, ocean, and hydro energy resources. Thereafter, we explore future directions for electrical energy provision in the country, including some important questions to be answered. Next, we offer a rational way forward, including an assessment favoring concentrated solar power (CSP) as a path of least resistance for decoupling South Africa’s energy use from upstream and downstream environmental impacts. We conclude with some learnable lessons from the South African context for the rest of the developing and developed world.
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Ifalade, Oluwajuwon, Elizabeth Obode et Joseph Chineke. « Hydrocarbon of the Future : Sustainability, Energy Transition and Developing Nations ». Dans SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207176-ms.
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Abstract The population of Africa is estimated to be about 1.5 billion, 25% of world population but the continent accounts for only 3.2% of global electricity generation (2.2% coming from South Africa, Egypt, Algeria and Morocco). This translates to the lowest per capita energy of any continent. The rapidly growing population in Africa will inevitably result in the emergence of more African cities and this underscores a need to urgently address the energy poverty concerns presented. The global energy landscape is changing, and Africa finds herself at a vantage point in the complex interplay between energy, development, climate change and sustainability. The need to provide an answer to these concerns is further highlighted by the effects of globalization and climate change. The onus rests on African countries to find a cross-functional solution; one which answers simultaneously to socio-economic and environmental challenges. This involves driving growth in energy supply and hence industrialization via the adoption of a balanced mix that harnesses all energy potential and integrated utilization possibilities. Projected increase in energy demands coupled with emission allowances present a unique opportunity for these countries to put in place plans and infrastructure congruent with the future energy landscape. In contrast to the narrative where African energy is driven majorly by renewables, the continent must first maximize the enormous fossil fuel potentials domiciled in large gas reserves in some of her countries to create an economy that can support a sustainable energy future. Natural gas is expected to play a vital role in the transition to a more environment friendly future of energy, especially in developing countries. This paper aims to present the prospects and challenges of the use of natural gas as a driver of sustainability and energy transition in the developing nations. Nigeria and the Nigerian Gas Master Plan will be taken as a Case Study.
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von Solms, S., W. S. Hurter et J. Meyer. « A Sustainable Model for Problem Based Learning in a South African School ». Dans ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-68075.
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South Africa is currently facing an education dilemma with high numbers of youth unemployment and a growing specialized skills shortage in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). STEM problem based learning events, hosted by government and the corporate sector, has shown to improve science and technology literacy and to encourage the youth to pursue tertiary education in the field of science. Unfortunately, schools face a range of challenges which restricts them from participating in these learning methods, depriving learners of the advantages offered by problem based learning. This paper presents a model for the sustainable provision of STEM problem based learning opportunities in South African schools. The presented model is based on a two-team mentoring model which makes problem based learning sustainable in a South African school environments. The Shell Eco Marathon is in its third year, and the students that have passed through the program will now be progressing to university. The impact of this program, therefore, will be become evident by the success of the students’ studies in the near future.
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« South Africa’s Quest for Smart Cities : Privacy Concerns of Digital Natives of Cape Town, South Africa ». Dans InSITE 2018 : Informing Science + IT Education Conferences : La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4071.
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Aim/Purpose: [This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the 2018 issue of the Interdisciplinary Journal of e-Skills and Lifelong Learning, Volume 14] The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of awareness, perceived benefits, types of data collected and perceived control on the privacy concerns of digital natives living in what is considered the smart city of Cape Town, South Africa. Background: Smart city projects have been known to bring benefits such as sustainable economic development to cities. However one may wonder what and how certain factors influence the privacy concerns that come along with the implementation of smart cities particularly in the African context. In a time when information can be easily transferred, accessed and even shared, it is no surprise that people may have inclinations to be very protective of their personal information. Methodology: The study is quantitative in nature. Data has been collected using an online survey and analysed statistically. Contribution: This study contributes to scientific literature by detailing the impact of specific factors on the privacy concerns of citizens living in an African city Findings: The findings reveal that the more impersonal data is collected by the Smart City of Cape Town, the lower the privacy concerns of the digital natives. The findings also show that higher the need of the digital natives to be aware of the security measure put in place by the city, the higher their privacy concerns Recommendations for Practitioners: Practitioners (i.e. policy makers) should ensure that it is a legal requirement to have security measures in place to protect the privacy of the citizens while col-lecting data within the smart city of Cape Town. These regulations should be made public to appease any apprehensions from its citizens towards smart city implementations. Less personal data should also be collected on the citizens. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers should further investigate issues related to privacy concerns in the context of African developing countries as they have unique cultural and philosophical perspectives that might influence how people perceive privacy. Impact on Society: Cities are becoming “smarter” and in developing world context like Africa, privacy issues might not have as a strong influence as is the case in the developing world. Future Research: Further qualitative studies should be conducted to better understand issues related to perceived benefits, perceived control, awareness of how data is collected and level of privacy concerns of digital natives in developing countries.
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Muratshina, Ksenia. « CHINA - SOUTH AFRICA : EQUAL PARTNERSHIP OR MIRROR OF NEOCOLONIAL PRC POLICY TRENDS IN AFRICA ? » Dans Globalistics-2020 : Global issues and the future of humankind. Interregional Social Organization for Assistance of Studying and Promotion the Scientific Heritage of N.D. Kondratieff / ISOASPSH of N.D. Kondratieff, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46865/978-5-901640-33-3-2020-169-178.
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The article analyzes the main directions of interaction between the People's Republic of China and one of its partners in the BRICS group - the Republic of South Africa - at the present stage. The main areas of interaction, problems and results of cooperation are considered.
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Jappie, Naziema. « HIGHER EDUCATION : SUSTAINING THE FUTURE OF STUDENTS DURING A PANDEMIC ». Dans International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end128.
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The COVID-19 challenge is unprecedented; its scale still is not fully understood. Universities in the South Africa do have plans in place to continue the academic year in 2021 but have no idea to what extent education will resume to normal face to face activity. Although the future is unpredictable, given the uncertainty in the epidemiological and economic outlooks, universities have to ensure quality and sustainability for the medium and long-term implications for teaching, learning, the student experience, infrastructure, operations, and staff. Amongst the range of effects that COVID-19 will have on higher education this year, and possibly into future years, admission arrangements for students is one of the biggest. It is also one of the most difficult to manage because it is inherently cross sector, involving both schools and higher education. There is no template in any country of how to manage education during the pandemic. However, there are major concerns that exist, in particular, regarding the impact on learners from low income and disadvantaged groups. Many are vulnerable and cannot access the digital platform. Post 1994, the South African government placed emphasis on the introduction of policies, resources and mechanisms aimed at redressing the legacy of a racially and ethnically fragmented, unjust, dysfunctional and unequal education system inherited from apartheid. Many gains were made over the past two decades especially, in higher education, two of which were access and funding for the disadvantaged students to attend university. However, the pandemic in 2020 disrupted this plan, causing the very same disadvantaged students to stay at home without proper learning facilities, poor living conditions or no access to devices and data. The paper argues that the tensions and challenges that dominated the Covid-19 digital educational reform have resulted in a significant paradigm shift focused on out of classroom experiences as expressed in the new ways of teaching and learning and possibly leaving certain groups of students behind. Consideration is given to three broad areas within higher education in South Africa. Firstly the current dilemma of teaching and learning, secondly, the access or lack thereof to the digital platform and challenges facing students, and the thirdly, the issue of admission to higher education. All three areas of concern represent the degree to which we face educational disruption during the pandemic.
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Steyn, W. H., R. van Zyl, M. Inggs et P. J. Cilliers. « Current and future small satellite projects in South Africa ». Dans IGARSS 2013 - 2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2013.6723018.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Futures – South Africa"
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Miller, Lucy D. The Future Geo-Strategic Implications of the HIV/AIDS Crisis in South Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA : Defense Technical Information Center, mars 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423930.
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Boardman, Phoebe, Amanda Dinan et Tony Knowles. Section 3.2 report – Suggested future amendments to policy. South African national carbon sinks assessment. Evidence on Demand, janvier 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_cr.march2014.boardmanpetal1.
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Francesco, Petruccione,, Gastrow, Michael, Hadzic, Senka, Limpitlaw, Justine, Paul, Babu Sena, Wolhuter, Riaan et Kies, Carl. Evaluation of Alternative Telecommunication Technologies for the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Area. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0073.
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The National Research Foundation (NRF) requested the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), on behalf of South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), to undertake an independent and objective evaluation of potential alternative telecommunication technologies for the areas of the Karoo Central Astronomy Advantage Areas (KCAAA). The study encompasses regulatory, public sphere, and technical dimensions to explore options for maintaining the functionality of the telescope while, at the same time, delivering appropriate connectivity solutions for local communities.The objectives of this study are as follows: 1) Assess the technologies currently being, or planning to be, deployed through existing alternative communications programs managed by SARAO, including whether these technologies are comparable with market available technologies that could feasibly be deployed in the KCAAA; and 2) Assessment of current and future telecommunication technologies that may act as suitable replacement and/or improvement (functional and feasible) for existing detrimental technologies, utilised in the KCAAA. This report provides a critical background into the relationship between the SKA and local communities as it relates to ICTs in the area. Based on this understanding, potential technology solutions are proposed to ensure residents of the KCAAA are still afforded valuable access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) within the parameters of affordability, desirability and feasibility.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1 : Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE STATE OF THE HUMANITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA : STATUS, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2016/0025.
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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence-based advice on the status and future role of the Humanities in South Africa to government and other stakeholders (such as science councils, the department of education, universities) as a contribution towards improving the human condition. Everywhere, the Humanities is judged by many to be in “crisis.” The reasons for this, in South Africa, include the governmental emphasis on science and technology; the political emphasis on the economically-grounded idea of “developmentalism;” the shift of values among youth (and their parents) towards practical employment and financial gain; and the argument that the challenges faced by our society are so urgent and immediate that the reflective and critical modes of thinking favoured in the Humanities seem to be unaffordable luxuries. The Report provides invaluable detail about the challenges and opportunities associated with tapping the many pools of excellence that exist in the country. It should be used as a guideline for policymakers to do something concrete to improve the circumstances faced by the Humanities, not only in South Africa but also around the world. Amongst other recommendations, the Report calls for the establishment of a Council for the Humanities to advise government on how to improve the status and standing of the Humanities in South Africa. It also calls for initiation, through the leadership of the Department of Basic Education, considered measures to boost knowledge of and positive choices for the Humanities throughout the twelve years of schooling, including progressive ways of privileging the Arts, History and Languages in the school curriculum through Grade 12.
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Social, Psychological and Health Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on the Elderly : South African and Italian Perspectives. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0069.
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The Panel discussion titled “The Presidential Employment Stimulus: Research Opportunities”, was hosted on 10 December 2020 by the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) and the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) at the Science Forum South Africa (SFSA) 2020. The Presidential Employment Stimulus was launched in parliament on 15 October as part of government’s Economic Recovery Strategy. It directly funds 800,000 employment opportunities that are being implemented within the current financial year, but it is anticipated that it will also become a medium-term programme. The stimulus includes public employment programmes, job retention programmes and direct support to livelihoods. The single largest programme is run by the Department of Basic Education, which, in the last fortnight, recruited 300,000 young people as school assistants, to assist schools to deal with the setbacks faced as a result of the pandemic. The stimulus supports employment in the environmental sector and over 75,000 subsistence producers are receiving production grants through an input voucher scheme. There is a once-off grant to assist over 100,000 registered and unregistered Early Childhood Development Practitioners back on their feet, as well as a significant stimulus to the creative sector. The session set out to provide an introduction to the Presidential Employment Stimulus Programme (PESP), a key programme within government’s economic recovery plan led by Dr Kate Philip. The key objective was to get input from the research community on how the work that they are already doing and future work could contribute to the M&E efforts and be augmented in such a way that the PESP could become a medium-term programme. The DSI plans to hold further engagements in 2021 to mobilise the wider research community to provide evidence-based research in order to shape the research agenda that would support the M&E work and identify short-term issues that need to be factored into the department’s work plans, under the guidance of Dr Philip.