Articles de revues : « Gas-solid adsorption »

1

Cortés, Joaquín. "Gas-solid adsorption isotherms." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 22, no. 2-4 (1985): 151–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(85)80004-x.

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Tóth, József. "Uniform interpretation of gas/solid adsorption." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 55 (March 1995): 1–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0001-8686(94)00226-3.

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Peng, Zhigao, Shenggui Liu, Songlei Tang, Yuechao Zhao, and Yingjun Li. "Multicomponent Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Gas Transport in a Coal Reservoir with Dynamic Adsorption." Geofluids 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5169010.

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Gas adsorption occurs when the dynamic adsorption equilibrium conditions of the local adsorptive sites are broken. In the overall process of unconventional natural gas generation, enrichment, storage, and production, this phenomenon plays a significant role. A double-distribution Lattice Boltzmann model for solving the coupled generalized Navier-Stokes equation and advection-diffusion equation with respect to the gas-solid dynamic adsorption process is proposed for multicomponent gas migration in the unconventional reservoir. The effective diffusion coefficient is introduced to the model of gas transport in the porous media. The Langmuir adsorption rate equation is employed to control the adsorption kinetic process of gas-solid adsorption/desorption. The model is validated in two steps through fluid flow without and with gas diffusion-adsorption between two parallel plates filled with porous media, respectively. Simulation results indicate that with other parameters being equal, the rate of gas diffusion in the porous material and the area of the dynamic adsorption equilibrium-associated region increase with the matrix porosity/permeability. Similar results will happen with a greater saturation adsorption amount or a lower Langmuir pressure. The geometric effect on adsorption is also studied, and it is found that a higher specific surface area or free flow region can enhance the gas transport and the rate of adsorption.

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4

Min-Guang, Dai, and Miao Rui-Ping. "Studies on Binary Gas Solid Adsorption(IV)." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 11, no. 07 (1995): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19950706.

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Zhang, Hua, Tian Ma, and Jie Zhang. "The Adsorptive Performance and Kinetics of Hemp Stem." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1676.

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In view of the unique porous structure of hemp stem, the comparison experiments were implemented on adsorption properties of hemp stem powder and Abies holophylla Maxim powder to formaldehyde, benzene and TVOC. In addition, on the basis of preliminary study on solid-gas adsorption kinetics of hemp stem, applicability of several adsorption theories was analyzed versus solid-gas adsorption. The results showed that the unique structure endowed hemp stem better adsorption properties than Abies holophylla Maxim’s. However, for different adsorbents, the adsorption kinetics characters differed obviously. Bangham and Langmuir adsorption rate equation fitted the gas-solid adsorption kinetics of hemp stem to some extent, and Langmuir’s could present its absorption to TVOC much better.

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Ng, Y. L., R. Yan, L. T. S. Tsen, L. C. Yong, M. Liu, and D. T. Liang. "Volatile organic compound adsorption in a gas-solid fluidized bed." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 4 (2004): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0271.

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Fluidization finds many process applications in the areas of catalytic reactions, drying, coating, combustion, gasification and microbial culturing. This work aims to compare the dynamic adsorption characteristics and adsorption rates in a bubbling fluidized bed and a fixed bed at the same gas flow-rate, gas residence time and bed height. Adsorption with 520 ppm methanol and 489 ppm isobutane by the ZSM-5 zeolite of different particle size in the two beds enabled the differentiation of the adsorption characteristics and rates due to bed type, intraparticle mass transfer and adsorbate-adsorbent interaction. Adsorption of isobutane by the more commonly used activated carbon provided the comparison of adsorption between the two adsorbent types. With the same gas residence time of 0.79 seconds in both the bubbling bed and fixed bed of the same bed size of 40 mm diameter and 48 mm height, the experimental results showed a higher rate of adsorption in the bubbling bed as compared to the fixed bed. Intraparticle mass transfer and adsorbent-adsorbate interaction played significant roles in affecting the rate of adsorption, with intraparticle mass transfer being more dominant. The bubbling bed was observed to have a steeper decline in adsorption rate with respect to increasing outlet concentration compared to the fixed bed. The adsorption capacities of zeolite for the adsorbates studied were comparatively similar in both beds; fluidizing, and using smaller particles in the bubbling bed did not increase the adsorption capacity of the ZSM-5 zeolite. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for isobutane was much higher than the ZSM-5 zeolite for isobutane, although at a lower adsorption rate. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy was used as an analytical tool for the quantification of gas concentration. Calibration was done using a series of standards prepared by in situ dilution with nitrogen gas, based on the ideal gas law and relating partial pressure to gas concentration. Concentrations up to 220 ppm for methanol and 75 ppm for isobutane were prepared using this method.

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Parcher, Jon F., and Lang B. Hung. "Cooperative adsorption effects in gas—liquid—solid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 399 (January 1987): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(00)96112-0.

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Tóth, József. "Thermodynamical Correctness of Gas/Solid Adsorption Isotherm Equations." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 163, no. 2 (1994): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1994.1107.

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Ladshaw, Austin, Sotira Yiacoumi, Costas Tsouris, and David DePaoli. "Generalized gas–solid adsorption modeling: Single-component equilibria." Fluid Phase Equilibria 388 (February 2015): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2015.01.003.

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Czepirski, Leszek, and Jacek JagieŁŁo. "Virial-type thermal equation of gas—solid adsorption." Chemical Engineering Science 44, no. 4 (1989): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(89)85253-4.

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Yasui, Shinji, Tadashi Shojo, Goichi Inoue, Kunihiko Koike, Akihiro Takeuchi, and Yoshio Iwasa. "Gas-Solid Reaction Properties of Fluorine Compounds and Solid Adsorbents for Off-Gas Treatment from Semiconductor Facility." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/329419.

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We have been developing a new dry-type off-gas treatment system for recycling fluorine from perfluoro compounds present in off-gases from the semiconductor industry. The feature of this system is to adsorb the fluorine compounds in the exhaust gases from the decomposition furnace by using two types of solid adsorbents: the calcium carbonate in the upper layer adsorbs HF and converts it to CaF2, and the sodium bicarbonate in the lower layer adsorbs HF and SiF4and converts them to Na2SiF6. This paper describes the fluorine compound adsorption properties of both the solid adsorbents—calcium carbonate and the sodium compound—for the optimal design of the fixation furnace. An analysis of the gas-solid reaction rate was performed from the experimental results of the breakthrough curve by using a fixed-bed reaction model, and the reaction rate constants and adsorption capacity were obtained for achieving an optimal process design.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The adsorption-desorption process as a method for separation of nitrogen-carbon dioxide gas mixture using activated carbon." Baghdad Science Journal 6, no. 2 (2009): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.6.2.302-308.

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Gas adsorption phenomenon on solid surface has been used as a mean in separation and purification of gas mixture depending on the difference in tendencies of each component in the gas mixture to be adsorbed on the solid surface according to its behaviour. This work concerns to study the possibilities to separate the gas mixture using adsorption-desorption phenomenon on activated carbon. The experimental results exhibit good separation factor at temperature of -40 .

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13

Jaroniec, M., X. Lu, and R. Madey. "Theory of gas-solid adsorption chromatography for heterogeneous adsorbents." Journal of Physical Chemistry 94, no. 15 (1990): 5917–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100378a057.

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Tóth, József. "General aspects and surface area in solid/gas adsorption." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 71, no. 3 (1993): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0927-7757(93)80038-g.

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15

Schrader, Malcolm E. "Negative Gas−Solid Adsorption and Its Influence on Wettability1." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 104, no. 4 (2000): 731–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp992898o.

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SOTIRCHOS, STRATIS V., JOHN A. CROWLEY, and HUEI-CHUNG YU. "AN ADSORPTION/REACTION DEVICE FOR GAS-SOLID REACTION STUDIES." Chemical Engineering Communications 71, no. 1 (1988): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986448808940416.

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Webley, Paul A., and Richard S. Todd. "Kinetics of Mixed Adsorbent Systems in Gas–Solid Adsorption." Adsorption Science & Technology 21, no. 1 (2003): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/02636170360699796.

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Mixtures of solid adsorbents often occur in the process industries through either accident or design. To model such systems, a common approach is to define a pseudo-adsorbent with equilibrium properties equal to the mass fraction weighted average of the components in the mixture. The selection of an appropriate mass-transfer rate constant for the mixture is, however, more complicated. In this study, we have derived simple relationships between the linear driving force rate constants for a pseudo-mixture in terms of the rate constants, equilibrium parameters and mass fractions of the components of the mixture. The reciprocal rate constant for a mixture of adsorbents was shown to be related to the mass fraction weighted average reciprocal rates of the components of the mixture for the case of equal equilibrium isotherms. Expressions of greater complexity resulted for non-linear and non-equal isotherms. Experimental testing was undertaken of the breakthrough behaviour in adsorbent mixtures using the air system with mixtures of CaX and NaX in an adiabatic packed column. The mass-transfer behaviour of the solid mixtures was in good agreement with that predicted by the simple models.

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18

Adamczyk, Z., and Janusz Nowotny. "Kinetics of Adsorption and Segregation at Gas-Solid Interfaces." Solid State Phenomena 15-16 (January 1991): 161–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.15-16.161.

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Nishizawa, Jun-Ichi, Toru Kurabayashi, and Yasukazu Iwasaki. "Mass spectrometric analysis of gas molecule adsorption on solid." Colloids and Surfaces 38, no. 1 (1989): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-6622(89)80147-7.

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Tóth, József. "Thermodynamical model and prediction of gas/solid adsorption isotherms." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 275, no. 1 (2004): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.073.

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21

Dziewiecki, Maciej. "Adsorbed Natural Gas Tank feeded with Liquid Natural Gas." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400038.

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This paper present the idea of a natural gas reservoir, which uses technology of gas storage by adsorption on activated carbon. Such reservoir can be feeded with Liquid Natural Gas. The framework of article includes theoretical principals of gas-solid physical adsorption, and explains most important concepts associated with it. Moreover, concept of such tank and working regime is presented. Selected subject is very promising in the field of natural gas storage, although this is still a niche issue. Lack of universal models of gases physical adsorption made it very difficult to predict the runs of processes occurring in the proposed reservoir, which is why this project was based on models confirmed during in the earlier studies.

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22

DOBRESCU, GIANINA, M. RUSU, and M. VASS. "COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF FRACTAL SURFACES: APPLICATION IN ADSORPTION." Fractals 01, no. 03 (1993): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x93000459.

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A computer program which is able to simulate adsorption on fractal surfaces was developed. The fractal surfaces are generated as Takagi surfaces. The computer program is based on a DLA-algorithm. Adsorption was simulated in different conditions: 1. equivalent active sites (homogeneous surfaces); 2. active sites with different adsorption probabilities; the probability associated with every active site is computed using a van der Waals potential. Our simulation allows us to explore the actual structure of the gas-solid interface and to study the sensitivity to energetic disorder. The fractal dimension of gas-solid interface vs. adsorption coverage curves are computed.

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Garcia-Cuello, V., J. C. Moreno-Piraján, L. Giraldo-Gutiérrez, K. Sapag, and G. Zgrablich. "Determination of Differential Enthalpy and Isotherm by Adsorption Calorimetry." Research Letters in Physical Chemistry 2008 (July 15, 2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/127328.

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An adsorption microcalorimeter for the simultaneous determination of the differential heat of adsorption and the adsorption isotherm for gas-solid systems are designed, built, and tested. For this purpose, a Calvet heat-conducting microcalorimeter is developed and is connected to a gas volumetric unit built in stainless steel to record adsorption isotherms. The microcalorimeter is electrically calibrated to establish its sensitivity and reproducibility, obtaining K=154.34±0.23 WV−1. The adsorption microcalorimeter is used to obtain adsorption isotherms and the corresponding differential heats for the adsorption of CO2 on a reference solid, such as a NaZSM-5 type zeolite. Results for the behavior of this system are compared with those obtained with commercial equipment and with other studies in the literature.

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Kondo, Seiichi, Tohkoh Tamaki, and Yuriko Ozeki. "Selective adsorption by ultramicroporous silica glass at gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces." Langmuir 3, no. 3 (1987): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00075a012.

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Poulis, Johannes A., Carel H. Massen, and Erich Robens. "The Jäntti Approach to Adsorption with Increasing Gas Pressure." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 10 (2002): 947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361702321705230.

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Jäntti introduced a method of calculating equilibrium adsorption from measurements where the pressure of the gas was varied in a stepwise manner. His aim was to shorten the time necessary for a given measurement. The method was applied to gas/solid systems in which simple adsorption processes occurred and where the number of adsorption sites was infinite. The present paper discusses the case where no adsorption is possible on an already occupied site (Langmuir isotherm) while the number of positions available for adsorption is considered limited. The advantages of using a gas pressure that increases linearly with time are evident for studies with this limitation. It is shown that such measurements can also be speeded up using Jäntti's method.

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Bashiri, Hadis, and Setareh Eris. "Statistical Thermodynamic Study of Gas Adsorption with Different Adsorption Geometries on Homogeneous Solid Surface." Chemical Engineering Communications 203, no. 5 (2015): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986445.2015.1075983.

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Bräuer, P., and M. Jaroniec. "Gas adsorption on energetically heterogeneous solid surfaces: On the choice of local adsorption isotherm." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 108, no. 1 (1985): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(85)90235-8.

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Wróbel, Rafał, and Walerian Arabczyk. "Solid−Gas Reaction with Adsorption as the Rate Limiting Step." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 110, no. 29 (2006): 9219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp061947b.

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Tóth, József. "An Opportunity to Develop Software for Gas/Solid Adsorption Measurements." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 225, no. 1 (2000): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2000.6744.

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Tóth, József. "Modifications in Classic Relationships Corresponding to Gas/Solid Physical Adsorption." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 191, no. 2 (1997): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.4973.

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Jaroniec, Mieczyslaw, Richard Madey, and Xiaochun Lu. "Application of Gas-Solid Adsorption Chromatography for Characterizing Adsorbent Heterogeneity." Separation Science and Technology 26, no. 2 (1991): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399108050471.

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Kalies, Grit, Steffen Arnrich, Rico Rockmann, and Peter Bräuer. "Simultaneous adsorption at the liquid/solid and liquid/gas interfaces." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 301, no. 2 (2006): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.028.

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Kontominas, M. G., R. Gavara, and J. R. Giacin. "Gas-solid chromatographic study of polymer surfaces: Adsorption on polystyrene." European Polymer Journal 30, no. 2 (1994): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(94)90171-6.

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Bullara, D., Y. De Decker, and I. R. Epstein. "On the possibility of spontaneous chemomechanical oscillations in adsorptive porous media." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376, no. 2135 (2018): 20170374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0374.

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We derive general conditions for the emergence of sustained chemomechanical oscillations from a non-oscillatory adsorption/desorption reaction in a gas/solid porous medium. The oscillations arise from the nonlinear response of the solid matrix to the loading of the adsorbed species. More particularly, we prove that, in order for oscillations to occur, adsorption of the gas must in general cause a swelling of the solid matrix. We also investigate the prototypical case of Langmuir kinetics both numerically and analytically. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (part 2)’.

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Mehler, C., F. Thielmann, and W. Peukert. "Combination of a Dielectric Continuum Model with Inverse Gas Chromatography for the Characterization of Solid Surfaces." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 9 (2002): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/02636170260555769.

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The use of a dielectric continuum model for the characterization of solid surfaces was combined for the first time with inverse gas chromatography. Extension of dielectric continuum models to adsorption from the gaseous phase allowed the distributed surface properties of solid surfaces to be determined. An inverse gas chromatograph was used for the measurement of adsorption equilibria as a quick alternative to time-consuming measurements by gravimetric or volumetric set-ups. Combination of the two techniques allowed the rapid determination of the distributed properties of solid surfaces to be effected and the results were interpreted in a fundamental physical sense. This led to a novel and promising way for the rapid and exact characterization of solid surfaces.

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Wang, Deng Ke, Jian Ping Wei, Heng Jie Qin, and Le Wei. "Research on Solid-Gas Coupling Dynamic Model for Loaded Coal Containing Gas." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.446.

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Considering the variation of the porosity and permeability of coal containing gas at differential deformation stages, a dynamic model for porosity and permeability is developed based on the previous researches. Furthermore, taking coal containing gas as a kind of isotropic elastoplastic material and taking into account the effect of gas adsorption, the stress and seepage equations are derived and, the solid gas coupling model for coal containing gas is constructed, which is appropriate to describe the skeleton deformability of coal containing gas and the compressibility of gas under the solid-gas interaction condition. In addition, the numerical simulation model is built by using the finite element method, and the numerical calculation solution of the model for a special loading case is given in term of the constraint conditions and corresponding parameters. The research results may have significance for further enriching and improving solid-gas coupling theories for coal containing gas.

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Dąbrowski, A., P. Podkościelny, and M. Bülow. "Comparison of energy-distribution functions calculated for gas–solid and liquid–solid adsorption data." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 212, no. 2-3 (2003): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(02)00331-x.

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Pu, Yunchao, Yanchun Wang, Juntai Shi, and Keliu Wu. "Reconsideration of the Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics with the Influences of Water in Unconventional Gas Systems." Geofluids 2020 (December 3, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8882307.

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The exploration and development of unconventional resources have been of growing interest in the industry in recent years. It is widely known that the adsorption and desorption mechanisms of unconventional gas have great significance for gas accumulation and exploration. However, major researches based on the mechanism of solid-gas interface have failed to reveal it completely, which introduce large discrepancies between actual and predicted production. In this paper, the mechanism of solid-liquid-gas adsorption and desorption interface is enlightened to describe the characteristics of unconventional gas. The validity of the proposal was verified preliminarily by building a conceptual model which redefines the gas-water distribution. Furthermore, the possibility of production of gas trapped in micropores was first investigated. The findings of this study can help for better understanding of the adsorption, desorption, and production mechanisms and in unconventional gas system. Accordingly, the explanation of variation between experiment result and actual production rate even with physical parameters was reasonable in theory. Therefore, this work should provide a basis for improving the accuracy of production predictions in actual reservoirs and should assist analysts in determining reasonable unconventional gas target.

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Chao-Gang, Liu. "Determination of the Sojourn time of Adsorption on Gas-solid Surface by gas Chromatography." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 9, no. 04 (1993): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb19930413.

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Ashcraft, Robert W., Jelena Kovacevic, Geraldine J. Heynderickx, and Guy B. Marin. "Assessment of a Gas–Solid Vortex Reactor for SO2/NOx Adsorption from Flue Gas." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 2 (2013): 861–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie300399w.

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Liu, Fenglei, Yizhu Kuang, Shuoyu Wang, Shuixia Chen, and Wenhao Fu. "Preparation and characterization of molecularly imprinted solid amine adsorbent for CO2 adsorption." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 12 (2018): 10016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj00686e.

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Villiéras, F., M. Chamerois, J. Yvon, and J. M. Cases. "Surface Heterogeneity at the Solid-Gas Interface of Hydrophilic Solids Modified by Water-Repellent Molecules." Adsorption Science & Technology 25, no. 8 (2007): 561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0263-6174.25.8.561.

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The surface heterogeneity of a hydrophilic calcium carbonate (calcite) at the solid-gas interface was studied before and after modification by the adsorption of different amounts of a water-repellent molecule (WRM). The surface heterogeneity was analysed using nitrogen, argon and water as molecular probes. Low-pressure adsorption techniques coupled with derivative isotherm summation (DIS) analysis of the experimental curves gave quantitative information on the decrease in the calcite surfaces and the increase in the WRM surfaces. The modelling results enabled the monolayer capacity for WRMs as measured by argon adsorption to be correlated with the disappearance of calcite surfaces and the disappearance of high-energy adsorption sites as measured by nitrogen adsorption. In addition, the argon results suggested that WRMs first adsorb on argon low-energy carbonate faces and then on low- and high-energy faces. With water, the adsorption energy distribution remained unchanged in shape, indicating that this molecule can diffuse into the adsorbed layer between and around the adsorbed hydrophilic heads of the WRMs and thereby interact directly with the carbonate surface.

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Bobok, Daniel, and Eva Besedová. "Diffusion of 1,2-Dichloroethane in Particles of Activated Carbon." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 63, no. 5 (1998): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19980614.

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Simultaneous diffusion and adsorption of 1,2-dichloroethane from air into activated carbon particles was studied at ambient temperature. The measurements were carried out in adsorbers with a bed height equal to the diameter of activated carbon particles. On the basis of the assumption of diffusion and adsorption in a quasihomogenous porous medium, effective diffusion coefficients were calculated. Their values are linearly dependent on the concentration of adsorptive in the inlet gas. For the evaluation of errors, mass transfer resistances in the fluid and solid phases were calculated. The maximum value of the former did not exceed 12.5% of the overall resistance.

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del Hoyo, C., M. A. Vicente, and V. Rives. "Preparation of drug-montmorillonite UV-radiation protection compounds by gas-solid adsorption." Clay Minerals 36, no. 4 (2001): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855013640007.

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AbstractEthyl cinnamate/montmorillonite intercalation complexes were obtained by gaseous adsorption of the drug on the clay surface. They were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses and by visible-UV and IR spectroscopies. It was found that after 1 day of adsorption, most of the drug enters the interlayer space of the clay by substitution of water molecules, and is removed only after heating at high temperature. In addition, a portion is physisorbed on the external surface of the crystallites, being removed easily below 100°C. The interlayer complex improves the protecting ability of the pure clay or the pure drug against ultraviolet radiation, specially in the so-called ‘C’ range (290–190 nm).

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Sircar, Shivaji. "A practical perspective of fluid (gas or liquid) - Solid adsorption equilibrium." Separation and Purification Technology 231 (January 2020): 115749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115749.

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Chou, Cheng-tung, Chih-hsiang Huang, Nai-chi Cheng, Yi-ting Shen, Hong-sung Yang, and Ming-Wei Yang. "Adsorption processes for CO2capture from flue gas using polyaniline solid sorbent." RSC Advances 4, no. 68 (2014): 36307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04333b.

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Ananchenko, Gennady S, Igor L Moudrakovski, Anthony W Coleman, and John A Ripmeester. "A Channel-Free Soft-Walled Capsular Calixarene Solid for Gas Adsorption." Angewandte Chemie 120, no. 30 (2008): 5698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200800071.

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Berezkin, V. G., and A. A. Korolev. "The role of adsorption phenomena in capillary gas-liquid-solid chromatography." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 12, no. 9 (1989): 617–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240120909.

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Dimoula, Kerasina, Martina Pohl, Jochen Büchs, and Antje C. Spiess. "Substrate and water adsorption phenomena in a gas/solid enzymatic reactor." Biotechnology Journal 4, no. 5 (2009): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.200800291.

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Ananchenko, Gennady S, Igor L Moudrakovski, Anthony W Coleman, and John A Ripmeester. "A Channel-Free Soft-Walled Capsular Calixarene Solid for Gas Adsorption." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 47, no. 30 (2008): 5616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200800071.

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