Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Genetic diease »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Genetic diease ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Articles de revues sur le sujet "Genetic diease"
1
Chew, E. Y. « Ocular manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau diease : clinical and genetic investigations ». American Journal of Ophthalmology 141, no 4 (avril 2006) : 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2006.02.011.
Texte intégral
2
Santoro, Luigi, Daniele Marchelli, Alessandro Cherubini, Elia Casirati, Francesco Malvestiti, Melissa Tomasi, Paola Dongiovanni et al. « Increased burden of inherited IRF3 rare genetic variants in Europeans with severe Non-alcoholic fatty liver diease ». Journal of Hepatology 77 (juillet 2022) : S675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(22)01667-1.
Texte intégral
3
Gorina, Y. V., O. L. Vlasova, A. V. Bolshakova et A. B. Salmina. « Alzheimer’s Disease : A Search for the Best Experimental Models for the Decoding of the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of the Development of the Diease ». Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова 109, no 1 (1 janvier 2023) : 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869813923010065.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia associated with cognitive decline, such as memory and visuospatial skills. Insufficiently effective treatments have prompted the creation of experimental animal models capable of reproducing the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease, especially at the presymptomatic stage, in order to develop and study preventive and therapeutic strategies. To date, none of the developed animal models fully reflects the entire spectrum of neuropathological and cognitive impairments observed in the development of Alzheimer’s disease in humans. However, each model created allows, to one degree or another, to study various aspects of the pathogenesis of the disease, providing an important understanding of the key pathological changes that may occur during its development. In this review, we present a summary of the neuropathological features of Alzheimer’s disease and their relationship to cognitive impairment in the animal models currently in use. We also present in a comparative aspect the features of the development of Alzheimer’s type neurodegeneration using the example of 2 models – genetic and injection, which will make it possible to determine optimal approach when choosing a model for implementing research tasks.
4
Lee, Gihyun, Ji-Young Nam, Minkyu Shin, Moochang Hong et Hyunsu Bae. « Curcumin attenuates the scurfy-induced immune disorder (164.14) ». Journal of Immunology 186, no 1_Supplement (1 avril 2011) : 164.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.164.14.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The scurfy mutant mouse is the genetic and phenotypic equivalent of the single-gene human autoimmune disease immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX). Scurfy mice have a deletion in the forkhead domain of Foxp3, fail to develop thymic-derived Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and develop a fatal lymphoproliferative syndrome with multiorgan inflammation. Curcumin(1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical isolated from the rhizome of the medicinal plant Curcuma longa. It has profound anti-inflammatory activity and been traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders. Recent studies have shown that curcumin ameliorates multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease by regulating inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and IFN-γ and associated JAK-STAT, AP-1, and NF-κB signaling pathways in human or animal models. In this study we have examined the remedial value of curcumin on the condition of scurfy mice. In vivo treatment with curcumin significantly prolonged survival time and reduced clinical severity. In addition, it decreased inflammatory cytokines and CD4+ T cells proliferation owing to diease. These findings highlight the fact that curcumin inbibits symptoms arose from Foxp3 hypoplasia and suggest its use in the treatment of IPEX.
5
Kabesch, M. « Genetik in der Allergologie ». Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 9, no 07 (2009) : 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629029.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungIn der Genetik komplexer Erkrankungen gab es in den letzten Jahren wichtige Fortschritte. Mithilfe von genomweiten Assoziationsstudien wurde neue Erkenntnisse über die Vererbung von häufigen Volkserkrankungen wie Diabetes, Rheuma und chronisch entzündli-chen Darmerkrankungen gewonnen. Auch bei Asthma und Allergien wurden diese Studien erfolgreich eingesetzt. Große Hoffungen werden an diese Studien geknüpft, auch und vor allem was die Translation der Ergebnisse in die Praxis und zum Wohl der Patienten betrifft. Wie realistisch diese Hoffnungen sind, was in den nächsten Jahren tatsächlich zu erwarten ist und was eventuell heute bereits die klinische Praxis der Allergologie und Pädiatrie betrifft, wird in dieser Übersichtsarbeit diskutiert.
6
Kells, Adrian P., Rebecca A. Henry, Stephanie M. Hughes, Richard L. M. Faull et Bronwen Connor. « 250. Protection Against Huntington's Diease Progression : AAV-Mediated Delivery of Biotherapeutics ». Molecular Therapy 13 (2006) : S96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.08.277.
Texte intégral
7
Würger, Wolfgang. « Homöopathie, Molekularbiologie, Genetik ». Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung 264, no 01 (janvier 2019) : 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0796-2690.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungNeuere Forschungsergebnisse aus Molekularbiologie und Genetik liefern Hinweise darauf, wie man sich Wirkungen homöopathischer Arzneien auf zellulärer Ebene vorstellen kann. Demnach wären diese Arzneien imstande, Einfluss auf die Genregulation nehmen. Es stellt sich die Frage, in welcher Beziehung solche naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zum Wissenschaftsparadigma der Homöopathie stehen und wie ein sich darauf gründender interdisziplinärer Dialog aussehen könnte.
8
Van Hulle, Dirk. « Writers’ Libraries in Genetic Editions ». editio 37, no 1 (1 octobre 2023) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/editio-2023-0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract Falls ein Autor eine persönliche Bibliothek hinterlassen hat, wäre es bedauerlich, diese exogenetische Information nicht in eine digitale textgenetische Ausgabe aufzunehmen. Der Beitrag geht von der Hypothese aus, dass eine solche Sachverhalte einbeziehende Form des Edierens auf einer Art des Verknüpfens beruht und dass die Herstellung von Verknüpfungen eine der wichtigen Aufgaben des Editors ist. In dieser Eigenschaft als Verknüpfer spielt der Editor eine zentrale Rolle in der kulturellen Vermittlung (‘cultural negotiation’) von Text, Kontext, Leser und Selbstdarstellung des Autors.
9
Hermanussen, Michael, Christiane Scheffler et Barry Bogin. « Genetik der Körperhöhe ». Adipositas - Ursachen, Folgeerkrankungen, Therapie 13, no 03 (septembre 2019) : 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0964-0639.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Noch immer gründen heutige Analysen genetischer Zwillings- und Familienstudien auf mathematischen Ansätzen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts, namentlich von Galton, Pearson und Fisher, und führen zu konventionellen Schätzwerten für die Heritabilität der Körperhöhe zwischen h² = 0,87 und h² = 0,93 bei Männern und zwischen h² = 0,68 und h² = 0,84 bei Frauen. Diese Werte sind wesentlich höher als moderne Schätzungen auf der Basis genomweiter Assoziationsstudien (GWAS), mit denen sich zwischen 12,3 % und 49 % der Körperhöhenvarianz im Erwachsenenalter erklären lassen. Diese so genannte „missing heritability“ gibt Anlass zu Missverständnissen. Diskussion Wir nehmen eine biokulturelle Perspektive ein, um Entwicklungsmerkmale zu verstehen, die nur auf den ersten Blick erblich erscheinen. Innerhalb sozialer Gruppen dient Körpergröße als Signal. Kompetitive Wachstumsstrategien (competitive growth strategies) und strategische Wachstumsanpassungen (strategic growth adjustments) insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Gefahr, aus einer führenden sozialen Rolle verdrängt zu werden (threat of being displaced) sind bei sozialen Säugern beschrieben und spielen sehr wahrscheinlich auch in menschlichen Sozialstrukturen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die Körperhöhe eines Menschen hängt von der Körperhöhe anderer Mitglieder seiner Peer Group ab. Im vergangenen Jahrhundert wurden Körperhöhentrends von bis zu 20 cm in manchen Populationen beobachtet (säkulare Trends). Dies ist Ausdruck von phänotypischer Plastizität und war Galton, Pearson und Fisher unbekannt. Schlussfolgerung Die beschriebene „missing heritability“ für Körperhöhe spiegelt die Diskrepanz zwischen moderner Wissenschaft und überholten Vermengungen von deterministischen und politischen Ideen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts wider.
10
Berger, K., M. Stoll, E. B. Ringelstein et G. Kuhlenbäumer. « Komplexe Genetik des ischämischen Hirninfarktes ». Nervenheilkunde 25, no 11 (2006) : 919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1626800.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungDer Hirninfarkt ist ätiologisch und genetisch sehr heterogen. Diese Übersicht soll ausschließlich die komplexe Genetik ischämischer Hirninfarkte darstellen. In den letzten Jahren hat die Genetik seltener monogener Formen des Schlaganfalls enorme Fortschritte gemacht, ohne dass diese Kenntnisse jedoch eine größere Bedeutung für die häufigen polyfaktoriellen Formen des ischämischen Hirninfarktes erlangt haben. Letztere sind durch das Zusammenwirken von erblichen Faktoren und Umweltfaktoren verursacht. Voraussetzung für die Erforschung der komplexen genetischen Grundlagen ist eine genaue klinische Charakterisierung und Unterteilung der Patienten in ätiologisch möglichst homogene Untergruppen. Hierzu wird meist die TOAST-Klassifikation verwendet. Die am weitesten verbreitete Methode zur Untersuchung komplexer genetischer Krankheiten ist die Assoziationsstudie im Fall-/KontrollDesign. Von der isländischen DeCode Gruppe wurde kürzlich in großen Studienpopulationen eine Assoziation zwischen Polymorphismen in den Genen PDE4D und ALOX5AP und ischämischem Hirninfarkt gefunden. Im Kompetenznetz Schlaganfall (Subnetz “Genetische Schlaganfallforschung”, Projekt A3) haben wir ebenfalls eine große Stichprobe von Patienten mit ischämischem Hirninfarkt gesammelt und eine Replikationsstudie der isländischen Ergebnisse in einer zentraleuropäischen Population durchgeführt.
Thèses sur le sujet "Genetic diease"
1
Lebon, Sophie. « Implication de la DYMECLINE et de GRASP65 dans les golgipathies neurodéveloppementales ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=5768&f=73915.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mon doctorat porte sur l'étude de deux maladies génétiques récessives qui touchent le développement cérébral postnatal et résultent de variants dans des gènes impliquant l'appareil de Golgi. La première maladie étudiée, le syndrome de Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen (DMC) a conduit à impliquer en 2003 la première protéine golgienne, la DYMECLINE, dans une microcéphalie postnatale, et a ensuite mené au concept de Golgipathies neurodéveloppementales. Les atteintes neurodéveloppementales du DMC sont associées à une déficience intellectuelle et à des anomalies squelettiques spécifiques également postnatales (dysplasie spondylo-epi-métaphysaire) et résultent de la déficience du gène DYM codant pour la DYMECLINE dont l'absence induit un défaut de transport antérograde entre le réticulum endoplasmique et l'appareil de Golgi notamment dans les neurones. Un variant clinique du DMC sans microcéphalie ni déficience intellectuelle, mais dont les caractéristiques osseuses sont identiques, la dysplasie de Smith McCort (SMC), peut résulter soit de variants moins délétères du gène DYM (SMC1) soit de variants du gène codant la RAB-GTPase RAB33B (SMC2) suggérant une relation entre les deux protéines. Dans ce travail, j'ai montré que ces deux protéines co-localisent au cis-Golgi, interagissent physiquement, que la DYMECLINE est recrutée au Golgi par RAB33B et intervient dans le contrôle de l'autophagie dans des cellules non neuronales. Dans les neurones déficients pour Dym, les deux protéines sont en revanche faiblement co-localisées et l'autophagie n'est pas perturbée, mais des défauts de transport rétrograde de la membrane plasmique vers le Golgi ont été identifiés, associés à des anomalies de croissance dendritique et des défauts de maturation synaptique. La seconde partie de ma thèse porte sur l'identification d'un variant biallélique du gène GORASP1 chez un patient présentant un nouveau syndrome neurodéveloppemental caractérisé par des atteintes de la substance blanche, neurosensorielles, neuromusculaires et squelettiques. GORASP1 code pour la protéine golgienne GRASP65, connue pour son rôle dans la structure du Golgi, dans la glycosylation des protéines et dans le contrôle de l'entrée en mitose. Malgré ces fonctions apparemment essentielles et ubiquitaires, le gène n'a été impliqué dans aucune pathologie humaine. A partir à la fois des fibroblastes du patient et de cellules RPE où j'ai introduit par CRISPR/Cas9 une mutation imitant le variant du patient, j'ai montré que la protéine GRASP65 n'est plus présente dans les cellules mutées et j'ai identifié dans ces cellules des défauts de glycosylation et de mitose. Ces défauts n'empêchent cependant pas les cellules RPE de proliférer normalement. En étudiant un autre mutant généré par hasard dans les cellules RPE et qui s'est avéré produire une protéine tronquée en C-terminal mais stable, j'ai observé un phénotype de croissance cellulaire plus sévère que lorsque la protéine est totalement absente, suggérant des effets dominants négatifs de la protéine tronquée. En revanche ce mutant stable n'a pas montré de défauts de glycosylation. Cette étude a permis d'impliquer GRASP65 dans une maladie neurodéveloppementale et suggère qu'une absence totale de protéine est parfois moins délétère qu'une protéine tronquée stableMy PhD focuses on the study of two recessive genetic diseases that affect postnatal brain development and result from variants in genes involving the Golgi apparatus. The first disease studied, Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome (DMC), led in 2003 to the involvement of the first Golgi protein, DYMECLIN, in postnatal microcephaly, and subsequently to the concept of neurodevelopmental Golgipathies. In DMC, neurodevelopmental impairments are associated with intellectual disability and specific skeletal defects, of postnatal onset as well (spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia) and result from a deficiency in the DYM gene encoding DYMECLIN, this absence of which induces a defect in anterograde transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, notably in neurons. Smith McCort dysplasia (SMC), a clinical variant of DMC without microcephaly or intellectual deficiency, but with identical skeletal features, can result either from less deleterious variants of the DYM gene (SMC1) or from variants of the gene encoding the RAB-GTPase RAB33B (SMC2), suggesting a relationship between the two proteins. In this work, I have shown that these two proteins co-localize at the cis-Golgi, interact physically, that DYMECLIN is recruited to the Golgi by RAB33B and is involved in the control of autophagy in non-neuronal cells. However, in Dym-deficient neurons, the two proteins are weakly co-localized and autophagy is not disrupted, but defects in retrograde transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi have been identified, associated with abnormalities in dendritic growth and defects in synaptic maturation. The second part of my thesis concerns the identification of a biallelic variant in the GORASP1 gene in a patient with a new neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by white matter, neurosensory, neuromuscular and skeletal abnormalities. GORASP1 encodes the Golgi protein GRASP65, known for its role in Golgi structure, protein glycosylation and control of mitosis entry. Despite these apparently essential and ubiquitous functions, the gene has not been implicated in any human pathology so far. Using both patient's fibroblasts and RPE cells in which I introduced by CRISPR/Cas9 a mutation mimicking the patient's variant, I showed that the GRASP65 protein is no longer present in mutated cells, and identified glycosylation and mitosis defects in these cells. However, these defects do not prevent RPE cells from proliferating normally. Studying another mutant generated incidentally in RPE cells, which turned out to produce a C-terminally truncated but stable protein, I observed a more severe cell growth phenotype than when the protein is totally absent, suggesting dominant negative effects of the truncated protein. In contrast, this stable mutant showed no glycosylation defects. This study implicates GRASP65 in a neurodevelopmental disease and suggests that a total absence of the protein is sometimes less deleterious than a stable truncated protein
2
Catti, Federica. « 4,5-dihydropyrazoles : novel chemistry and biological activity ». Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/351.
Texte intégral
3
Oliveira, Priscila Silva Neubern de [UNESP]. « Concentrados de alta fibra em dietas para a terminação de novilhas Nelore ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96551.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-07-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:16:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
oliveira_psn_me_jabo.pdf: 143666 bytes, checksum: 8917daa47b0787a19d0ef98f6d336e3a (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de duas proporções de concentrado, 70 e 80%, com duas fontes energéticas, milho e farelo de gérmen de milho, e volumoso à base de silagem de milho, sob o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho, características de carcaça, não componentes de carcaça e qualidade da carne de 28 novilhas Nelore confinadas, com aproximadamente 14 meses de idade e peso corporal médio de 200 kg, objetivando o abate. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado segundo esquema fatorial 2 x 2 ( 2 proporções de concentrado x 2 fontes energéticas) totalizando 4 tratamentos e 7 repetições, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve interação da proporção de concentrado x fonte energética da dieta sobre o consumo de MS. Houve efeito significativo da interação proporção de concentrado x fonte energética da dieta para os consumos de proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), sendo que a maior proporção de concentrado, associada ao milho, possibilitou maior consumo diário de PB (1,17 kg/dia) e FDN (4,05 kg/dia). Observou-se valor médio de consumo de fibra em detergente ácido superior para as dietas com 80% de concentrado, tanto para a dieta com milho quanto com farelo de gérmen de milho. Houve efeito significativo da fonte energética da dieta sobre o peso final dos animais, sendo que os animais alimentados com as dietas contendo milho apresentaram valor médio de peso final (326,14 kg) superior aos alimentados com as dietas contendo farelo de gérmen de milho (292,07 kg). A associação de altas proporções de concentrado, com milho como fonte energética, proporciona resultados satisfatórios de ganho em peso e desempenho de novilhas Nelore, já a substituição total do milho pelo farelo de gérmen de milho, associado à altas proporções de concentrado ricos em fibra...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two proportions of concentrate, 70 and 80%, with two energy sources, corn and corn germ meal, and roughage basis of corn silage on the intake of nutrients, performance, characteristics of a carcass, non components of carcass and meat quality of confined 28 Nellore heifers. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 x 2 (2 proportions of concentrate x 2 energy sources) 4 replications and 7 treatments, and the averages has been compared by Tukey 5% test.. There was no interaction proportion of concentrate x energy source on the intake of dry matter. There was a significant effect of interaction proportion of concentrate x energy source intake for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), suggesting that a higher proportion of concentrate, with the corn, allowed greater intake of CP (1.17 kg / day) and NDF (4,05 kg / day). It was observed average intake of acid detergent fiber than for diets with 80% concentrate, with both the diet with corn as the corn germ meal. There was a significant effect of dietary energy source on the final weight of animals, and the animals fed the diets with corn had average final weight (326.14 kg), above the fed with diets with corn germ meal (292.07 kg). The association of high proportions of concentrate with corn as an energy source, provided satisfactory results in performance of Nellore heifers, since the replacement of the corn germ meal, associated with high proportions of concentrate rich in fiber, not was recommended for young Nellore heifers. There was a significant effect the energy source of the diet on the weight of empty body, and the animals that received the diets with corn showed the average value of empty body weight (309.44 kg) than the diets of with corn germ meal (276.42 kg). The carcass yield, the thickness... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
4
Prado, Renato Paschoal [UNESP]. « Influência dos caretonóides, retinol e α-Tocoferol e dos polimorfismos dos genes CYP1A1, GSTP1, MTHFR (A1298C E C6777) E XRCC1 (194Trp E 399 Gln) sobre os níveis de danos oxidativos do DNA, de uracilas incorporadas ao DNA e da capacidade de reparo do DNA ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104583.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-03-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
prado_rp_dr_botfm.pdf: 1768816 bytes, checksum: 9cf30006e86899d47a461a8d33e92140 (MD5)É crescente o número de estudos que demonstram a importância de micronutrientes e compostos bioativos presentes nos alimentos na prevenção de diversas doenças degenerativas crônicas. Entretanto vários estudos moleculares epidemiológicos têm demonstrado que além de fatores ambientais, como a dieta, essas doenças degenerativas podem ser modulada por genes envolvidos no biometabolismo de xenobióticos, metabolismo do carbono e no reparo de DNA. Portanto, o presente estudo avaliou a possível influência do padrão alimentar e dos polimorfismos dos genes GSTP1, CYP1A1, XRCC1 e MTHFR sobre os níveis de danos oxidativos no DNA, uracilas incorporadas no DNA e eficiência do sistema de reparo de DNA em dois grupos de indivíduos residentes em Botucatu com diferentes padrões alimentares. Grupo I (GI): 87 indivíduos com alimentação rica em produtos orgânicos, grãos integrais, frutas e vegetais, e baixa ingestão de produtos industrializados; Grupo II (GII): 97 indivíduos com alimentação rica em produtos industrializados e pobres em frutas e vegetais. A quantificação do nível de danos oxidativos no DNA, uracilas incorporadas ao DNA e a eficiência do sistema reparo de DNA em linfócitos de sangue periférico, foi analisada utilizando-se o Teste do Ensaio Cometa. Os polimorfismos dos genes GSTP1, CYP1A1, XRCC1 e MTHFR foram analisados por realtime PCR. Também foi realizada a análise dos níveis de luteína, criptoxantina, -caroteno, -caroteno, licopeno, retinol e -tocoferol no plasma, pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta pressão (HPLC). Os indivíduos do GI apresentaram menores níveis de danos oxidativos no DNA e menores níveis de dano no DNA induzidos pela H2O2 quando comparados aos indivíduos do GII. Quanto aos subgrupos de micronutrientes: Indivíduos do subgrupo percentil 75 para todos os micronutrientes tiveram maior nível de danos no DNA do que os indivíduos...
Not available
5
Feralio, Tyler Samuel. « The Effect Of Biodiesel Blends On Particle Number Emissions From A Light Duty Diesel Engine ». ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/400.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Numerous studies have shown that respirable particles contribute to adverse human health outcomes including discomfort in irritated airways, increased asthma attacks, irregular heartbeat, non-fatal heart attacks, and even death. Particle emissions from diesel vehicles are a major source of airborne particles in urban areas. In response to energy security and global climate regulations, the use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for petrodiesel has significantly increased in recent years. Particle emissions from diesel engines are highly dependent on fuel composition and, as such, the increased use of biodiesel in diesel vehicles may potentially change the concentration, size, and composition of particles in respirable air. One indicator used to evaluate the potential health risk of these particles to humans is particle diameter (Dp). Ultrafine particles (UFPs, Dp
Current research in automotive emissions primarily focuses on particle emissions measured on a total particle mass (PM) basis from heavy-duty diesel vehicles. The nation's light-duty diesel fleet is, however, increasing; and because the mass of a UFP is much less than that of larger particles, the total PM metric is not sufficient for characterization of UFP emissions. As such, this research focuses on light-duty diesel engine transient UFP emissions, measured by particle number (PN), from petrodiesel, biodiesel, and blends thereof. The research objectives were to determine: 1) the difference in UFP emissions between petrodiesel and blends of waste vegetable oil-based biodiesel (WVO), 2) the differences between UFP emissions from blends of WVO and soybean oil-based biodiesel (SOY), and 3) the feasibility of using genetic programming (GP) to select the primary engine operating parameters needed to predict UFP emissions from different blends of biodiesel.
The results of this research are significant in that: 1) Total UFP number emission rates (ERs) exhibited a non-monotonic increasing trend relative to biodiesel content of the fuel for both WVO and SOY that is contrary to the majority of prior studies and suggests that certain intermediate biodiesel bends may produce lower UFP emissions than lower and higher blends, 2) The data collected corroborate reports in the literature that fuel consumption of diesel engines equipped with pump-line-nozzle fuel injection systems can increase with biodiesel content of the fuel without operational changes, 3) WVO biodiesel blends reduced the overall mean diameter of the particle distribution relative to petrodiesel more so than SOY biodiesel blends, and 4) Feature selection using genetic programming (GP) suggests that the primary model inputs needed to predict total UFP emissions are exhaust manifold temperature, intake manifold air temperature, mass air flow, and the percentage of biodiesel in the fuel; These are different than inputs typically used for emissions modeling such as engine speed, throttle position, and torque suggesting that UFP emissions modeling could be improved by using other commonly measured engine operating parameters.
6
Steyn, Willem Johannes. « Effects of ad libitum and restricted diets in different feeding regimes on growth and carcass attributes of boars of a selected genetic line ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27678.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current modern commercial pig is an animal that has evolved through deliberate breeding programs, controlled environmental influences and nutrition to yield a highly efficient feed converter and fertile animal. The objective of this study was to measure the growth performances and carcass characteristics of entire male grower – finisher pigs which were subjected to different seasonal variations, nutrient dense diets, feeding regimes and group situations under South African circumstances. Period 1 was conducted in the winter from 6 June 2008 to 13 August 2008 and Period 2 in the summer from 3 October 2008 to 10 December 2008. The sire lines that were selected for the experiment had the same genetic breeding values (Topigs Selection Index value), of which two sire lines were the same in both Period 1 and Period 2 and one of two different sires lines was used either in Period 1 or Period 2. The animals were fed two different rations, a high (FH) and a low ration (FL), with the low ration’s specifications being 95 % of the high ration. The animals were randomly allocated three different feed regimes throughout the trial; restricted single feeding (RSF), ad libitum single feeding (ASF) and ad libitum group feeding (AGF). In the winter animals had a greater growth response compared to the summer, with end weight and average daily gain being significant (P<0.05) higher. A significant (P<0.05) improvement in average daily gain, feed efficiency and protein deposition rate were observed when animals were fed a higher energy and protein content in their diet, especially during summer. A significant (P<0.05) improved feed conversion was observed for restricted animals, but end weight, average daily gain and average protein deposition rates were significant (P<0.05) lower compared to ad libitum group and individually fed animals. In conclusion; the impact of decreasing the nutrient density of the diet for growing pigs through incremental changes in diet composition had a variable impact on overall growth performance and carcass quality. Feeding the high energy and protein ration improved growth performance during summer, but also in the initial stages of growth when feed intake capacity was limited. The objective when formulating diets should be to provide the essential amino acids and energy in amounts needed to support maximal and efficient growth. Using growth models estimated optimal feed intake curves will not deliver optimal results. Only when measuring and calculating the actual feed intake and protein deposition rates optimal performance levels will be reached. Measurements of feed intake and growth performance data derived from pigs penned individually should be adjusted before they can be applied to commercial situations or research conditions in which pigs are penned in groups.Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted
7
Prahalad, Sampath. « Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Familial Autoimmunity ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin991251421.
Texte intégral
8
ARYA, PRANAV. « Development of Automated Calibration Methodology for Last Generation of Diesel Automotive Powertrains ». Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2737677.
Texte intégral
9
Hauptli, Lucélia [UNESP]. « Maltodextrina e óleos como fontes de energia para leitões ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104984.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009-06-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
hauptli_l_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 238442 bytes, checksum: 9478a40f1e5cf45a72bf6742f31a3c30 (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética de maltodextrina em substituição a lactose para leitões dos 21 aos 51 dias de idade, foram utilizados 120 animais, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com arranjo fatorial 2x4 (duas dietas: simples e complexa e níveis de maltodextrina substituindo a lactose: 0,0%; 33,5%; 66,5% e 100,0%). Foram avaliados o consumo diário de ração (CDR), o ganho diário de peso (GDP) e a conversão alimentar (CA) em dois períodos pósdesmame (0-15 dias e 0-30 dias). Não houve interação entre os níveis de maltodextrina e as dietas para as variáveis de desempenho. Os leitões que consumiram as dietas complexas apresentaram maior GDP (P = 0,016) no período de 0 a 15 dias e melhor CA nos períodos de 0 a 15 dias (P = 0,010) e de 0 a 30 dias (P = 0,020) pós-desmame. Não foram observados efeitos dos níveis de maltodextrina sobre o CDR e GDP nos dois períodos e na CA no período de 0 a 15 dias. O aumento do nível de maltodextrina na dieta dos leitões determinou efeito quadrático na CA no período de 0 a 30 dias (Ŷ = 1,530000 + 0,002287X + 0,000022X2; R2 = 0,64). As rações contendo somente maltodextrina em sua composição proporcionaram melhor resultado econômico. A maltodextrina pode substituir totalmente a lactose nas dietas pré-iniciais e iniciais, simples ou complexas, sem afetar o desempenho de leitões dos 21 aos 51 dias de idade.
One hundred and twenty piglets were used to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of maltodextrin as a replacement of lactose for weaned piglets from 21 to 51 days of age, in a randomized complete block design, according to a 2x4 factorial (two diet types: simple or complex; and levels of maltodextrin as a replacement of lactose: 0.0%, 33.5%, 66.5% and 100,0%). The daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion (FC) were measured. No interaction between maltodextrin levels and diet type was observed. The pigs fed complex diets showed higher DWG from 0 to 15 days (P = 0.016) and better FC from 0 to 15 days (P = 0.010) and from 0 to 30 days (P = 0.020) post-weaning period. No effect of maltodextrin levels on DWG or DFI was observed from 0 to 15 days or from 0 to 30 days; on FC from 0 to 15 days. Maltodextrin showed a quadratic effect on FC from 0 to 30 days (Ŷ = 1.53000 + 0.002287X + 0.000022X2; R2 = 0.64). Diets containing only maltodextrin provided the best economical results. The maltodextrin can fully replace lactose in simple or complex pre-starter or starter diets without affecting performance weanling pigs from 21 and 51 days of age.
10
Oliveira, Priscila Silva Neubern de. « Concentrados de alta fibra em dietas para a terminação de novilhas Nelore / ». Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96551.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientadora: Jane Maria Bertocco EzequielBanca: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio
Banca: Antonio Ferriani Branco
Resumo: O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito de duas proporções de concentrado, 70 e 80%, com duas fontes energéticas, milho e farelo de gérmen de milho, e volumoso à base de silagem de milho, sob o consumo de nutrientes, desempenho, características de carcaça, não componentes de carcaça e qualidade da carne de 28 novilhas Nelore confinadas, com aproximadamente 14 meses de idade e peso corporal médio de 200 kg, objetivando o abate. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado segundo esquema fatorial 2 x 2 ( 2 proporções de concentrado x 2 fontes energéticas) totalizando 4 tratamentos e 7 repetições, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Não houve interação da proporção de concentrado x fonte energética da dieta sobre o consumo de MS. Houve efeito significativo da interação proporção de concentrado x fonte energética da dieta para os consumos de proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), sendo que a maior proporção de concentrado, associada ao milho, possibilitou maior consumo diário de PB (1,17 kg/dia) e FDN (4,05 kg/dia). Observou-se valor médio de consumo de fibra em detergente ácido superior para as dietas com 80% de concentrado, tanto para a dieta com milho quanto com farelo de gérmen de milho. Houve efeito significativo da fonte energética da dieta sobre o peso final dos animais, sendo que os animais alimentados com as dietas contendo milho apresentaram valor médio de peso final (326,14 kg) superior aos alimentados com as dietas contendo farelo de gérmen de milho (292,07 kg). A associação de altas proporções de concentrado, com milho como fonte energética, proporciona resultados satisfatórios de ganho em peso e desempenho de novilhas Nelore, já a substituição total do milho pelo farelo de gérmen de milho, associado à altas proporções de concentrado ricos em fibra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two proportions of concentrate, 70 and 80%, with two energy sources, corn and corn germ meal, and roughage basis of corn silage on the intake of nutrients, performance, characteristics of a carcass, non components of carcass and meat quality of confined 28 Nellore heifers. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 2 x 2 (2 proportions of concentrate x 2 energy sources) 4 replications and 7 treatments, and the averages has been compared by Tukey 5% test.. There was no interaction proportion of concentrate x energy source on the intake of dry matter. There was a significant effect of interaction proportion of concentrate x energy source intake for crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), suggesting that a higher proportion of concentrate, with the corn, allowed greater intake of CP (1.17 kg / day) and NDF (4,05 kg / day). It was observed average intake of acid detergent fiber than for diets with 80% concentrate, with both the diet with corn as the corn germ meal. There was a significant effect of dietary energy source on the final weight of animals, and the animals fed the diets with corn had average final weight (326.14 kg), above the fed with diets with corn germ meal (292.07 kg). The association of high proportions of concentrate with corn as an energy source, provided satisfactory results in performance of Nellore heifers, since the replacement of the corn germ meal, associated with high proportions of concentrate rich in fiber, not was recommended for young Nellore heifers. There was a significant effect the energy source of the diet on the weight of empty body, and the animals that received the diets with corn showed the average value of empty body weight (309.44 kg) than the diets of with corn germ meal (276.42 kg). The carcass yield, the thickness... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Livres sur le sujet "Genetic diease"
1
Chilton, Floyd H. The gene smart diet : The revolutionary eating plan that will rewrite your genetic destiny--and melt away the pounds. Emmaus, Pa : Rodale, 2009.
Trouver le texte intégral
2
D'Adamo, Peter J. Genotype diet : Change your genetic destiny to live the longest, fullest and healthiest life possible. New York : Broadway Books, 2007.
Trouver le texte intégral
3
B, Johnson James. The alternate-day diet : Turn on your skinny gene, shed the pounds, and live a longer and healthier life. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégral
4
B, Johnson James. The alternate-day diet : Turn on your skinny gene, shed the pounds, and live a longer and healthier life. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégral
5
B, Johnson James. The alternate-day diet : Turn on your skinny gene, shed the pounds, and live a longer and healthier life. New York : G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégral
6
B, Johnson James. The Alternate-Day Diet. New York : Penguin Group USA, Inc., 2008.
Trouver le texte intégral
7
Levine, Sheldon. 7-Minute Miracle : Breakthrough Program to Banish Spot Fat Forever. Washington, DC : LifeLine Press, 2002.
Trouver le texte intégral
8
Freemark, Michael. Pediatric obesity : Etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. New York : Humana Press, 2010.
Trouver le texte intégral
9
Narins, Brigham. Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. Cengage Gale, 2022.
Trouver le texte intégral
10
Narins, Brigham. Gale Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders. Cengage Gale, 2022.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Genetic diease"
1
Blättler, Christine. « Nicht abgedichtet gegen Erfahrung ». Dans Aura und Experiment, 188–202. Wien : Turia + Kant, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-13_11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ausgehend von Benjamins Texten erörtert die Wissenschaftsphilosophin Christine Blättler das in den Science Studies diskutierte Verhältnis von Genesis und Geltung und die damit verbundene Frage hinsichtlich der angemessenen Darstellungsweise von Erfahrung unter epistemologischen und sozialphilosophischen Gesichtspunkten. Sie geht dabei vom New Experimentalism aus, welcher sich gegen den in der Wissenschaftstheorie lange Zeit vorherrschenden Primat der Theorie wendet. Dem Experiment wird dabei eine autonome und objektive Funktion in der Wissensgenerierung zugesprochen. Diese Hinwendung zum Experiment steht zugleich für eine Abwendung vom Subjekt und für eine verstärkte Zuwendung zu dem, was sich als eine aperspektivische Objektivität bezeichnen ließe. Blättler setzt an diesem Punkt an, um mithilfe von Benjamins Begriff der Konstellation und seinen Überlegungen zum Erfahrungs- und Wahrnehmungswandel zu einer flexibleren Auffassung bezüglich des Verhältnisses von Objekt, Technik und Subjekt zu gelangen, die es erlaubt, den Gegensatz von Genesis und Geltung zu überwinden.
2
Blättler, Christine. « Nicht abgedichtet gegen Erfahrung ». Dans Aura und Experiment, 188–202. Wien : Turia + Kant, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-13_11.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ausgehend von Benjamins Texten erörtert die Wissenschaftsphilosophin Christine Blättler das in den Science Studies diskutierte Verhältnis von Genesis und Geltung und die damit verbundene Frage hinsichtlich der angemessenen Darstellungsweise von Erfahrung unter epistemologischen und sozialphilosophischen Gesichtspunkten. Sie geht dabei vom New Experimentalism aus, welcher sich gegen den in der Wissenschaftstheorie lange Zeit vorherrschenden Primat der Theorie wendet. Dem Experiment wird dabei eine autonome und objektive Funktion in der Wissensgenerierung zugesprochen. Diese Hinwendung zum Experiment steht zugleich für eine Abwendung vom Subjekt und für eine verstärkte Zuwendung zu dem, was sich als eine aperspektivische Objektivität bezeichnen ließe. Blättler setzt an diesem Punkt an, um mithilfe von Benjamins Begriff der Konstellation und seinen Überlegungen zum Erfahrungs- und Wahrnehmungswandel zu einer flexibleren Auffassung bezüglich des Verhältnisses von Objekt, Technik und Subjekt zu gelangen, die es erlaubt, den Gegensatz von Genesis und Geltung zu überwinden.
3
Grazioli, Francesca, Muhabbat Turdieva et Chris J. Kettle. « The role of school gardens as conservation networks for tree genetic resources ». Dans Agrobiodiversity, School Gardens and Healthy Diets, 105–14. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. : Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429053788-7.
Texte intégral
4
Göttel, Dennis. « Blasen, Pusten, Hauchen, Rauchen ». Dans Ein- und Ausströmungen, 169–82. Bielefeld, Germany : transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839460184-013.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dennis Göttel widmet sich in diesem Beitrag verschränkten Modi der visuellen Repräsentation von Fellationes und dem Rauchen in drei Arbeiten: Andy Warhols »Blow Job«, Jean Genets »Un chant d'amour« und Zoe Lennards »Blow me«.
5
Aigner, Achim. « Nichtvirale Vektoren ». Dans Gen- und Zelltherapie 2.023 - Forschung, klinische Anwendung und Gesellschaft, 87–102. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67908-1_6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungDie Verwendung von Nukleinsäuren als Therapeutika hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten – und im Fall von RNA-Molekülen speziell in den letzten Jahren – neue therapeutische Möglichkeiten eröffnet. Jenseits anderer, konventioneller Wirkstoffe, die vor allem auf Proteinebene wirken, lassen sich so innovative Wirkprinzipien erschließen, die auf DNA- bzw. RNA-Ebene eingreifen und damit eine direkte und spezifische Beeinflussung der Proteinbiosynthese gestatten. Hierbei kann zunächst grob zwischen verschiedenen Strategien unterschieden werden: klassische Gentherapie („gene replacement“ bzw. „gene addition“), Herabregulation einer Genexpression („gene knockdown“) über Antisense-Oligonukleotide (ASO) oder RNA-Interferenz (RNAi), Splicing-Korrektur („exon skipping“ im Sinne einer Korrektur des Leserasters bei der Genexpression über Antisense-Oligonukleotide) und gentechnische Veränderungen („gene/genome engineering/editing“) unter Einbringung fremden genetischen Materials über spezifische Designernukleasen wie CRISPR/Cas. Neuerdings hat auch – und nicht nur im Kontext der neuen Impfstoffe gegen SARS-CoV-2 – mRNA („messenger RNA“) als Therapeutikum oder therapeutisches Zielmolekül an Attraktivität gewonnen. Gerade im Fall der RNA-basierten Therapeutika, wozu mRNAs, die RNAi-induzierenden „small interfering RNAs“ (siRNAs) sowie andere kleine RNAs wie microRNAs (miRNAs; agomiRs) oder miRNA-inhibierende antimiRs gehören, wird jedoch die besondere Bedeutung von Formulierungen („Verpackungen“) deutlich, um diese RNAs therapeutisch anwenden zu können. Denn bei allen Vorteilen in der Wirkweise zeigen nukleinsäurebasierte Therapeutika auch wesentliche Nachteile: So sind Nukleinsäuren vergleichsweise große und stark geladene Moleküle mit, gerade im Fall chemisch nichtmodifizierter RNAs, sehr geringer Stabilität und damit extrem kurzer Halbwertszeit. Zugleich wird durch ihre Molekülgröße und Ladung die Aufnahme in die Zellen – eine notwendige Voraussetzung für ihre Wirksamkeit, da sich ihr Wirkort in der Zelle befindet, – deutlich erschwert. Zwar können einzelsträngige kurze DNA-Stücke auch ohne chemische Hilfsmittel (Transfektionsreagenzien) in Zellen aufgenommen werden (dieser Prozess wird als Gymnosis bezeichnet), dies gilt jedoch nicht für andere Nukleinsäuren. Gerade die Instabilität und kurze Halbwertszeit von RNA-Molekülen machten sie zunächst ungeeignet als Therapeutika, da sie so kaum in der Lage sind, intakt ihren Wirkort zu erreichen. Zwar wurden über die letzten Jahrzehnte eine Vielzahl chemischer Modifikationen entwickelt, die mit der Zielsetzung einer Stabilitätserhöhung (Schutz gegen Abbau), Erhöhung der Bindungsstärke an ein Zielmolekül (Affinität und Spezifität) und Verbesserung der Verträglichkeit (verminderte Immunantwort) deutliche Vorteile gebracht haben (Behlke 2008), dennoch stellt der effiziente Transport der jeweiligen Nukleinsäure an den Wirkort weiterhin eine wesentliche Problematik dar. Dies hat schon früh zur Entwicklung nichtviraler Einschleusungssysteme, sog. nichtviraler Vektoren, geführt, die im Laufe der Jahre immer leistungsfähiger und an die verschiedenen Nukleinsäurearten adaptiert wurden. Nanotechnologiebasierte Gen- und Oligonukleotid-Einschleusung ist damit ein Forschungsgebiet innerhalb der Nanomedizin, das sich mit Nanomaterialien zur Formulierung von Nukleinsäuren für deren Anwendung in vitro (in der Zellkultur) und in vivo (im lebenden Organismus, einschließlich dem Menschen) befasst. Durch neuere Zelltherapieansätze mit der Notwendigkeit, beispielsweise Immunzellen (T-Zellen, NK-Zellen) genetisch zu modifizieren und hierfür evtl. auch nichtvirale Strategien einzusetzen, sind dabei auch In-vitro-Verwendungen von potenziell klinisch-translationalem Interesse.
6
Balkenhol, Niko. « Evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement in Deutschland : Eine Übersicht und Vorschläge für die Zukunft ». Dans Evidenzbasiertes Wildtiermanagement, 5–35. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65745-4_2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungRothirsche, in der Jägersprache als Rotwild bezeichnet, können starke Emotionen hervorrufen und große Konflikte verursachen. Das Management von Rotwild sollte evidenzbasiert sein, sich also an wissenschaftlich gewonnenen Erkenntnissen orientieren. In diesem Kapitel fasse ich zusammen, wie solch ein evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement grundsätzlich gestaltet sein sollte und welche Evidenzen es für verschiedene Aspekte des Rotwildmanagements gibt. Hierbei spielt die Jagd zwar eine wichtige Rolle, ist aber nur eine der möglichen Maßnahmen, mit denen Managementziele erreicht werden können. Ebenso ist die numerische Steuerung von Populationsgrößen bzw. -dichten in der Regel nur ein Zwischenziel im Management.Ein evidenzbasiertes Rotwildmanagement sollte adaptiv aufgebaut sein und somit immer eine Erfolgskontrolle beinhalten, durch die sowohl die Umsetzung als auch die Wirkung von Managementmaßnahmen stetig überprüft und verbessert werden können. Solch eine Erfolgskontrolle basiert auf einem Langzeit-Monitoring, das mindestens die Faktoren Populationsentwicklung, Wildzustand und Wildeinfluss beinhalten sollte.Die Verbreitung von Rotwild sowie der Austausch zwischen einzelnen Vorkommen werden in Deutschland stark von gesetzlichen Vorgaben und der Landschaftszerschneidung durch Siedlungen und Straßen bestimmt. Durch die räumliche Isolation und den damit einhergehenden geringen Genfluss zeigen einige Rotwildvorkommen bereits stark reduzierte genetische Diversität, sehr kleine genetisch-effektive Populationsgrößen und hohe Inzuchtwerte. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollte die Vernetzung der Rotwildvorkommen verbessert werden, was einerseits durch die Abschaffung rotwildfreier Gebiete erreicht werden könnte, andererseits durch Wiedervernetzungsmaßnahmen, z. B. durch Wildkorridore und Querungshilfen über Verkehrsinfrastrukturen.Rothirsche passen ihr Raum-Zeit-Verhalten und ihre Habitatwahl an eine „Landschaft der Angst“ an, die vom wahrgenommenen Mortalitätsrisiko, dem Nahrungsangebot und der Habitatstruktur abhängt. Auch Störungen durch menschliche Aktivitäten spielen hierbei eine wichtige Rolle. Wissenschaftliche Studien belegen, dass sich Rotwild durch eine Steuerung dieser Faktoren in Raum und Zeit lenken lässt, wodurch Konflikte reduziert werden können. In der Praxis kann hierfür eine Zonierung für das Flächenmanagement sowie eine Kombination aus lokaler Schwerpunkt- und großflächiger Intervallbejagung angewandt werden, über die Rotwild von bestimmten Flächen ferngehalten und auf andere Flächen gelenkt werden kann.Einige der bestehenden Abschussvorgaben für Rotwild erscheinen biologisch nicht plausibel, und es ist nicht sicher nachgewiesen, ob sie die gewünschten Effekte haben. Die Abschussplanung bzw. die dafür nötige Zuwachsberechnung erfolgt meist anhand von unbekannten Parametern zu Reproduktionsraten, Populationsstrukturen und Mortalitäten. Die hierdurch entstehenden Unsicherheiten bei der Vorhersage zukünftiger Bestandesentwicklungen sollten durch zusätzliche, populationsspezifische Forschung gemindert werden. Um Rotwildbestände über die Jagd zu reduzieren, müssen vor allem Alttiere erlegt werden, was aus Gründen des Tierschutzes den vorherigen Abschuss der geführten Kälber erfordert.Basierend auf diesen Evidenzen mache ich grundsätzliche Vorschläge für das Rotwildmanagement, schlage Schritte vor, um weitere Evidenzen zu schaffen, und identifiziere weitergehenden Forschungsbedarf.AbstractRed deer can cause strong emotions and also severe damage. Red deer management should be evidence-based and hence use scientifically derived information. In this chapter, I summarize what an evidence-based red deer management should generally look like and what evidences actually exist for different aspects of red deer management. Hunting plays an important part in this, but is just one possible action to reach management goals. Similarly, the numeric control of population abundances or densities is usually just an intermediate goal in wildlife management.An evidence-based red deer management should be adaptive and hence requires a control of success, so that implementation and effect of management actions can constantly be evaluated and improved. Such a control of success is based on a long-term monitoring that considers at least the three factors population development, animal performance, and herbivore impacts.The distribution of red deer in Germany and the exchange among populations are severely impacted by legal regulations and by landscape fragmentation due to settlements and roads. The spatial isolation and associated low levels of gene flow have already led to low genetic diversity, low genetic-effective population sizes and high inbreeding values in some populations. This calls for an improvement of connectivity among red deer populations, which could be accomplished by giving up areas where red deer are not allowed to exist, and by defragmentation measures, such as wildlife corridors and crossing structures over transportation infrastructures.Red deer adjust their space-time-behavior and habitat selection to the landscape of fear, which is shaped by the perceived mortality risk, food availability and habitat structure. Disturbances by humans also play a major role in this. Scientific research shows that red deer can be steered in space and time through these factors and that such a steering can reduce conflicts. From a practical standpoint, such steering can be accomplished by a zoning concept that combines area management, locally intensive hunting and broad-scale hunting in intervals, so that red deer are kept away from certain areas while being steered into other areas.Some of the existing harvesting guidelines appear biologically implausible and their effectiveness has not sufficiently been demonstrated. Harvest planning is often based on unknown values for reproduction rates, population structures and mortalities. This leads to high uncertainties when predicting the future development of populations, calling for population-specific research to reduce these uncertainties. To reduce red deer abundances, especially adult females need to be harvested. Due to animal welfare laws, this is usually accompanied by an increased harvest of calves.Based on these evidences, I provide general guidelines for red deer management, suggest further steps for generating additional evidences, and identify remaining research needs.
7
Gustafson, J. Perry, et Peter H. Raven. « World food supply : problems and prospects. » Dans Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 3–9. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The current world population of 7.6 billion is projected to reach 9.9 billion by 2050. The UN projects that agricultural output will need to increase by 70% simply to maintain current dietary standards, which does not include improving the diets of approximately 800 million malnourished people. Agricultural production increased at a rate insufficient to reach the goal set by the 2009 World Summit on Food Security to reduce by one half the number of malnourished people in the world by 2015. In spite of declining poverty rates, achieving this reduction in the number of malnourished people will be very difficult, as it is likely that the projected 2.3 billion additional people will be among the poorest of the poor. Food imports are expected to increase despite projected increased production, with many poor countries unable to afford those imports. Agriculture can improve sustainable world food production on the land currently under production and by doing so protect our fragile environment as much as possible.
8
Tkotzyk, Vanessa. « Konzeptioneller Rahmen ». Dans Studien zur Migrations- und Integrationspolitik, 29–102. Wiesbaden : Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43882-1_2.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungDas zweite Kapitel dieser Arbeit ist in drei Bereiche unterteilt. Um die Grundlage zur Analyse der Interviews hinsichtlich der Erforschung der Frage, warum Japanerinnen und Japaner nach Deutschland migrieren und sich hier niederlassen, zu schaffen, wird zunächst in Abschnitt 2.1.1 der Begriff der Migration erläutert und es wird mithilfe des „Kaigai Zairyū Hōjinsū Chōsa Tōkei (Annual Report on Japanese Nationals Living Abroad)“, der Angaben des Statistikamtes des Ministeriums für öffentliche Verwaltung, Inneres, Post und Telekommunikation (Sōmushō Tōkei Kyoku) und der Daten der GENESIS-Datenbank ein erster Überblick über mögliche Migrationsgründe gegeben. Im Anschluss daran, in Abschnitt 2.1.2, folgt ein Überblick über die Migrationstheorien und damit die Grundlage für die Interpretation der Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studie zum Migrationsverhalten der permanent ansässigen Japanerinnen und Japaner.
9
Amoura, Yahia, André Pedroso, Ângela Ferreira, José Lima, Santiago Torres et Ana I. Pereira. « Multi-objective Optimal Sizing of an AC/DC Grid Connected Microgrid System ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 326–42. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53036-4_23.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractConsidering the rising energy needs and the depletion of conventional energy sources, microgrid systems combining wind energy and solar photovoltaic power with diesel generators are promising and considered economically viable for usage. To evaluate system cost and dependability, optimizing the size of microgrid system elements, including energy storage systems connected with the principal network, is crucial. In this line, a study has already been performed using a uni-objective optimization approach for the techno-economic sizing of a microgrid. It was noted that, despite the economic criterion, the environmental criterion can have a considerable impact on the elements constructing the microgrid system. In this paper, two multi-objective optimization approaches are proposed, including a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) and the Pareto Search algorithm (PS) for the eco-environmental design of a microgrid system. The k-means clustering of the non-dominated point on the Pareto front has delivered three categories of scenarios: best economic, best environmental, and trade-off. Energy management, considering the three cases, has been applied to the microgrid over a period of 24 h to evaluate the impact of system design on the energy production system’s behavior.
10
Besser, Daniel, Halvard B. Bönig, Bernd Giebel, Hannes Klump et Simone Spuler. « Therapien zum Zellersatz mit adulten Stammzelltypen ». Dans Gen- und Zelltherapie 2.023 - Forschung, klinische Anwendung und Gesellschaft, 217–32. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67908-1_14.
Texte intégralRésumé :
ZusammenfassungIn Kap. 13 „Zelltypen aus menschlichen pluripotenten Zellen und deren Anwendung in Zelltherapien“ werden Zelltherapien, die auf pluripotenten Stammzellen beruhen, dargestellt. Pluripotente Stammzellen sind entweder nur sehr vorübergehend im menschlichen Embryo – menschliche embryonale Stammzellen (ES-Zellen) – vorhanden oder können durch Reprogrammierung von Körperzellen zu menschlichen induzierten Stammzellen (hiPS-Zellen) gewonnen werden. Gewebe und Organe des erwachsenen (adulten) Organismus haben allerdings spezifische Stammzellen, die zur Aufrechterhaltung (Homöostase) und zur Reparatur nach Verletzungen bzw. Schädigungen von Geweben und Organen benötigt werden (De Luca et al. 2019), daher die Bezeichnung adulte oder gewebespezifische Stammzellen. Der historische Nachweis adulter Stammzellen, d. h. Zellen, die sowohl Kopien von sich selbst herstellen können als auch in andere Zelltypen differenzieren können, ist den kanadischen Forschern James Till and Ernest McCullough in den 1960er-Jahren mit Blutstammzellen in der Maus gelungen. Sie konnten zeigen, dass Blutstammzellen einer Spendermaus das gesamte Blutsystem in einer Empfängermaus, die kein eigenes Blutsystem mehr besitzt, ersetzen kann. Bereits 1957 konnte Edward Donnall Thomas bei einem Leukämiepatienten zeigen, dass Knochenmarkzellen von dessen eineiigem Bruder nach einer Bestrahlung das Blutsystem neu bilden konnten. Inzwischen ist dieser Mechanismus für Gewebestammzellen in einer Vielzahl von Organen gezeigt worden (Lanza und Atala 2014). Blutstammzellen sind mittlerweile eine Standardtherapie in der klinischen Anwendung (siehe Kolb/Fehse, Kap. 11). Auch in anderen Bereichen werden vermehrt Gewebestammzellen eingesetzt bzw. Therapien in klinischen Studien entwickelt. In diesem Kapitel werden neuartige Anwendungen von hämatopoetischen Stammzellen bei Bluterkrankungen aufgrund von Genmutationen, Sichelzellanämie und β-Thalassämie und bei Autoimmunerkrankungen vorgestellt. Es wird auf die Anwendung von mesenchymalen stromalen Zellen bei Transplantat-gegen-Wirt-Erkrankungen (Graft-versus-Host-Disease), bei der Behandlung von chronischen Wunden (chronisch-venöse Ulzera) und bei Morbus Crohn eingegangen. Weiterhin wird der Einsatz von Hautersatz basierend auf Hautstammzellen und der Ersatz der Hornhaut bei Augenverletzungen diskutiert sowie die Anwendung von genetisch veränderten Muskelstammzellen, sog. Satellitenzellen, zur Behandlung von Muskelerkrankungen und -dystrophien dargestellt (De Luca et al. 2019). Darüber hinaus werden die Möglichkeiten der zukünftigen Behandlung mit extrazellulären Vesikeln bzw. Exosomen von stromalen Zellen beschrieben.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Genetic diease"
1
Mashhour, Elaheh, Hiba Abdulkareem Khamis, Mahmood Joorabian, Seyyed Ghodratollah Seifossadat et Salman H. Hammadi. « Emission Reduction for a Home in Iraq Utilizing Geothermal System Supplied by Isolated Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel Generator Using Genetic Algorithm Optimization ». Dans 2025 Fifth National and the First International Conference on Applied Research in Electrical Engineering (AREE), 1–6. IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/aree63378.2025.10880240.
Texte intégral
2
Kerler, Martin, Wolfgang Erhard et Yvonne Heibel. « Evaluation of Future Helicopter Powertrain Concepts Regarding Flight Mission and Operational Aspects ». Dans Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–16. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11521.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Environmental and operational requirements will get more and more challenging in the future. Helicopter and power plant manufacturers face this with new helicopter and powertrain concepts. Currently, more electric and all-electric aircrafts are investigated. Research has shown that an all-electric helicopter is not feasible right now. But hybrid concepts may be possible. In a retrospective view, new technologies and improvements rarely find application at the forecasted time. Because of that, four different future helicopter powertrain concepts are discussed with a technology level achievable in 15 to 20 years. The powertrain concepts are compared to a baseline powertrain with two conventional gas turbines at a future technology level. The powertrains are combined with three different generic helicopters of two weight classes. The helicopters represent an expectable technology level of the year 2030. The masses of the powertrains are evaluated and compared. Challenges of realization are identified. With a helicopter performance tool the helicopters and powertrains are simulated with respect to payload range capabilities and mission related performance. The results are discussed. Hybrid powertrain concepts are only feasible for lighter helicopters. Diesel engines are too heavy for high power requirements. Also batteries have to get lighter and more powerful to meet aviation requirements. An intermediate step can be the further development and improvement of gas turbines for power supply.
3
Scott, Paul, Iuean Owen et Mark White. « Unsteady CFD Modelling of Ship Engine Exhaust Gases and Over-Deck Air Temperatures and the Implications for Helicopter Operations ». Dans Vertical Flight Society 71st Annual Forum & Technology Display, 1–9. The Vertical Flight Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10218.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This paper describes the results of a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study into the modelling of unsteady ship airwakes and their interaction with a ship's exhaust efflux. The fluctuating temperatures in the air flow above the flight deck were assessed to determine potential impacts on maritime helicopter operations. A generic ship model was created that is representative of a modern naval single-spot frigate. Included in the simulation was the hot exhaust efflux from three exhaust uptakes representing a ship operating combined gas turbine and Diesel engines, typically found in modern frigates. The unsteady airwake was computed at 40 knots for a Headwind, Green 30° and Green 45° Wind Over Deck (WOD) conditions and the unsteady temperatures were sampled at various locations around the flight deck. The temperature rise limits over the deck as specified in CAP 437 were found to be exceeded for the Headwind and Green 30° cases. The trajectory of the plumes for the Green 30° and Green 45° WOD cases showed that although the over-deck temperatures were within limits, the exhaust gases were entrained in the downwash in the lee of the ship causing the air temperatures to increase in the region where a helicopter would operate for a port-side approach. The resulting air temperatures over and around the flight deck are discussed in relation to helicopter performance and safety, drawing on the experience and practices in the offshore oil industry.
4
de Risi, Arturo, Paolo Carlucci, Teresa Donateo et Antonio Ficarella. « A Combined Optimization Method for Common Rail Diesel Engines ». Dans ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2002-470.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The optimization method proposed in the present study consists of a multi-objective genetic algorithm combined with an experimental investigation carried out on a test bench, by using a DI Diesel engine. The genetic algorithm selects the injection parameters for each operating condition whereas the output measured by the experimental apparatus determines the fitness in the optimization process. The genetic algorithm creates a random population, which evolves combining the genetic code of the most capable individuals of the previous generation. Each individual of the population is represented by a set of parameters codified with a binary string. The evolution is performed using the operators of crossover, mutation and elitist reproduction. This genetic algorithm allows competitive fitness functions to be optimized with a single optimization process. For the determination of the overall fitness function the concept of Pareto optimality has been implemented. In this work, the input variables used for the optimization method are injection parameters like start of pilot and main injection, injection pressure and duration. The engine used is a FIAT 1929 cc DI diesel engine, in which the traditional injection system has been replaced by a common rail high pressure injection system. The competitive fitness functions were determined based on the measured values of fuel consumption, emissions levels (i.e. NOx, soot, CO, CO2, HC); combustion noise and overall engine noise, for each operating conditions. The optimization was performed for different engine speed and torque conditions typical of the EC driving cycles.
5
Sanches, Chimara Emilia Nascimento. « IMPORTÂNCIA DA NUTRIGENÔMICA NA PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS (DCNT´S) ». Dans I Congresso Nacional de Pesquisas e Estudos Genéticos On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/geneticon/8629.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Introdução: A alimentação é um fator de influência na modulação da expressão gênica e pode atuar no surgimento das DCNT´s, inclusive nos últimos 50 anos houve um aumento no surgimento dessas doenças devido à alimentação inadequada, rica em ultraprocessados . Após a conclusão do Projeto Genoma em 2003 surgiu a nutrigenômica, e com ela foi possível entender que os nutrientes presentes nos alimentos podem induzir alterações nos padrões de metilação do DNA e na expressão genética. Objetivo: Descrever a influência da alimentação na expressão gênica e sua relação com o surgimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT´s). Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, para entender a relação entre os nutrientes da alimentação e a modulação genética. Foram utilizados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2000 a 2021, disponíveis nos seguinte bancos de dados: Scielo, PubMed e Portal BVS. Resultados: A nutrigenômica elucida que tanto os alimentos influenciam na expressão gênica como também os genes determinam a necessidade de consumo de determinados nutrientes, através da hipometilação do genoma e da hipermetilação é possível tanto promover o crescimento desordenado das células como também diminuir o risco de câncer em determinado tecido, sendo assim certos alimentos podem influenciar tanto positivamente como negativamente na homeostase celular. Conclusão: Portanto, apesar de mais estudos serem necessários, já é possível afirmar que com o conhecimento da nutrigenômica é possível melhorar a qualidade de vida e até tratar e prevenir as DCNT´s através de dietas personalizadas para cada indivíduo, potencializando o uso de cada nutriente a favor da homeostase celular.
6
Bailing Song et Baoquan Zhu. « Performance Simulating of Electric-Liquid Compound Diesel Speed Governor Device ». Dans 2010 Fourth International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing (ICGEC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgec.2010.48.
Texte intégral
7
Mihaylova, Liliya, et A. Lavren't'ev. « PECULIARITIES OF GROWING AND FATTENING OF YOUNG PIGS WITH THE ADDITION OF ENZYME TO DIETS ». Dans XIV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists “Achievements and Prospects of Development of the Agroindustrial Complex of Russia” with international participation, dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences., 144–46. TRIA FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2024. https://doi.org/10.37071/conferencearticle_67337e411537c7.09340967.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To determine the genetic potential of modern and local breeds of pigs, it is necessary to produce high quality compound feed. At the moment, the indicator of genetic potential of animals exceeds the level of feeding; in other words, by improving the technology of pig feeding, it is possible to quickly increase the economic indicators of pork production
8
« Redesign of starch biosynthetic pathway in rice by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing toward human diets ». Dans Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-074.
Texte intégral
9
Ceausu, Radu, Dinu Taraza, Naeim A. Henein et Walter Bryzik. « A Generic, Transient Model of a Turbocharged, Multi-Cylinder, Common-Rail Diesel Engine ». Dans ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2005-1021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The paper presents a generic model of a turbocharged, common rail diesel engine developed on a SIMULINK platform. The model is developed for the main task of predicting transient behavior of the turbocharged engine, especially acceleration under load. In order to reduce computer time, the model is zero-dimensional as far as combustion is concerned, but split injection is considered to simulate the main characteristic of modern common rail diesel engines. A simplified generic model of the turbocharger is developed such as to determine the effects of different design parameters on the acceleration of the engine. A detailed dynamic model of the engine is considered to allow estimating the torsional behavior of the crankshaft and evaluate the impact of torsional vibrations. The model is validated on a four-cylinder, 2.5 liter common-rail diesel engine and is further used to identify the fueling strategy and the design parameters that could be improved in order to obtain the best possible engine acceleration under different load conditions.
10
Millo, Federico, Pranav Arya et Fabio Mallamo. « Optimization of Automotive Diesel Engine Calibration Using Genetic Algorithm Techniques ». Dans 10TH International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environmental Protection. University of Maribor Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-062-2.3.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Genetic diease"
1
Armstrong, Beth, Lucy King, Robbin Clifford, Mark Jitlal, Ayla Ibrahimi Jarchlo et Katie Mears. Food and You 2 : Wave 4. Food Standards Agency, août 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zdt530.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Food and You 2 is a biannual survey which measures self-reported consumer knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to food safety and other food issues amongst adults in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The survey is primarily carried out online using a methodology known as ‘push-to-web’. Fieldwork was conducted between 18 October 2021 and 10 January 2022. A total of 5,796 adults from 4,026 households across England, Wales and Northern Ireland completed the survey. Topics covered in the Food and You 2: Wave 4 Key Findings report include: confidence in food safety, authenticity and the food supply chain awareness, trust and confidence in the FSA concerns about food food security eating out and takeaways food allergies, intolerances and other hypersensitivities eating at home food shopping: sustainability and environmental impact sustainable diets, meat alternatives and genetic technologie
2
Landau, Sergei Yan, John W. Walker, Avi Perevolotsky, Eugene D. Ungar, Butch Taylor et Daniel Waldron. Goats for maximal efficacy of brush control. United States Department of Agriculture, mars 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7587731.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background. Brush encroachment constitutes a serious problem in both Texas and Israel. We addressed the issue of efficacy of livestock herbivory - in the form of goat browsing - to change the ecological balance to the detriment of the shrub vegetation. Shrub consumption by goats is kept low by plant chemical defenses such as tannins and terpenes. Scientists at TAES and ARO have developed an innovative, cost-effective methodology using fecal Near Infrared Spectrometry to elucidate the dietary percentage of targeted, browse species (terpene-richredberry and blueberry juniper in the US, and tannin-rich Pistacialentiscus in Israel) for a large number of animals. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to clarify the relative preference of goat breeds and the individual variation of goats within breeds, when consuming targeted brush species; 2. to assess the heritability of browse intake and validate the concept of breeding goat lines that exhibit high preference for chemically defended brush, using juniper as a model; 3. to clarify the relative contributions of genetics and learning on the preference for target species; 4. to identify mechanisms that are associated with greater intake of brush from the two target species; 5. to establish when the target species are the most vulnerable to grazing. (Issue no.5 was addressed only partly.) Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: Both the Israel and US scientists put significant efforts into improving and validating the technique of Fecal NIRS for predicting the botanical composition of goat diets. Israeli scientists validated the use of observational data for calibrating fecal NIRS, while US scientists established that calibrations could be used across animals differing in breed and age but that caution should be used in making comparisons between different sexes. These findings are important because the ability to select goat breeds or individuals within a breed for maximal efficiency of brush control is dependent upon accurate measurement of the botanical composition of the diet. In Israel it was found that Damascus goats consume diets more than twice richer in P. lentiscus than Mamber or Boer goats. In the US no differences were found between Angora and Boer cross goats but significant differences were found between individuals within breeds in juniper dietary percentage. In both countries, intervention strategies were found that further increased the consumption of the chemically defended plant. In Israel feeding polyethylene glycol (PEG, MW 4,000) that forms high-affinity complexes with tannins increased P. lentiscus dietary percentage an average of 7 percentage units. In the US feeding a protein supplement, which enhances rates of P450-catalyzed oxidations and therefore the rate of oxidation of monoterpenes, increased juniper consumption 5 percentage units. However, the effects of these interventions were not as large as breed or individual animal effects. Also, in a wide array of competitive tannin-binding assays in Israel with trypsin, salivary proteins did not bind more tannic acid or quebracho tannin than non-specific bovine serum albumin, parotid saliva did not bind more tannins than mixed saliva, no response of tannin-binding was found to levels of dietary tannins, and the breed effect was of minor importance, if any. These fundings strongly suggest that salivary proteins are not the first line of defense from tannin astringency in goats. In the US relatively low values for heritability and repeatability for juniper consumption were found (13% and 30%, respectively), possibly resulting from sampling error or non-genetic transfer of foraging behavior, i.e., social learning. Both alternatives seem to be true as significant variation between sequential observations were noted on the same animal and cross fostering studies conducted in Israel demonstrated that kids raised by Mamber goats showed lower propensity to consume P. lentiscus than counterparts raised by Damascus goats.
3
Brydie, Dr James, Dr Alireza Jafari et Stephanie Trottier. PR-487-143727-R01 Modelling and Simulation of Subsurface Fluid Migration from Small Pipeline Leaks. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), mai 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011025.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The dispersion and migration behavior of hydrocarbon products leaking at low rates (i.e. 1bbl/day and 10 bbl/day) from a pipeline have been studied using a combination of experimental leakage tests and numerical simulations. The focus of this study was to determine the influence of subsurface engineered boundaries associated with the trench walls, and the presence of a water table, upon the leakage behavior of a range of hydrocarbon products. The project numerically modelled three products including diesel, diluted bitumen (dilbit) and gasoline; which were chosen to span a range of fluid types and viscosities. Laboratory simulations of leakage were carried out for the most viscous product (i.e. dilbit) in order to capture plume dispersion in semi-real time, and to allow numerical predictions to be assessed against experimental data. Direct comparisons between observed plume dimensions over time and numerically predicted behavior suggested a good match under low moisture conditions, providing confidence that the numerical simulation was sufficiently reliable to model field-scale applications. Following a simulated two year initialization period, the leakage of products, their associated gas phase migration, thermal and geomechanical effects were simulated for a period of 365 days. Comparisons between product leakage rate, product type and soil moisture content were made and the spatial impacts of leakage were summarized. Variably compacted backfill within the trench, surrounded by undisturbed and more compacted natural soils, results porosity and permeability differences which control the migration of liquids, gases, thermal effects and surface heave. Dilbit migration is influenced heavily by the trench, and also its increasing viscosity as it cools and degases after leakage. Diesel and gasoline liquid plumes are also affected by the trench structure, but to a lesser extent, resulting in wider and longer plumes in the subsurface. In all cases, the migration of liquids and gases is facilitated by higher permeability zones at the base of the pipe. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) migrate along the trench and break through at the surface within days of the leak. Temperature changes within the trench may increase due liquid migration, however the change in predicted temperature at the surface above the leak is less than 0.5�C above background. For gasoline, the large amount of degassing and diffusion through the soil results in cooling of the soil by up to 1�C. Induced surface displacement was predicted for dilbit and for one case of diesel, but only in the order of 0.2cm above baseline. Based upon the information gathered, recommendations are provided for the use and placement of generic leak detection sensor types (e.g liquid, gas, thermal, displacement) within the trench and / or above the ground surface. The monitoring locations suggested take into account requirements to detect pipeline leakage as early as possible in order to facilitate notification of the operator and to predict the potential extent of site characterization required during spill response and longer term remediation activities.
4
Arazi, Tzahi, Vivian Irish et Asaph Aharoni. Micro RNA Targeted Transcription Factors for Fruit Quality Improvement. United States Department of Agriculture, juillet 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7592651.bard.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Fruits are unique to flowering plants and represent an important component of human and animal diets. Development and maturation of tomato fruit is a well-programmed process, and yet, only a limited number of factors involved in its regulation have been characterized. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in animals and plants. Plant miRNAs have a vital role in the generation of plant forms through post-transcriptional regulation of the accumulation of developmental regulators, especially transcription factors. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that miRNAs and other type of small RNAs are expressed in tomato fruit, and target putative transcription factors during its development and maturation. The original objectives of the approved proposal were: 1. To identify fruit miRNA transcription factor target genes through a bioinformatic approach. 2. To identify fruit miRNA transcription factor target genes up-regulated in tomato Dicer-like 1 silenced fruit. 3. To establish the biological functions of selected transcription factors and examine their utility for improving fleshy fruit quality trait. This project was approved by BARD as a feasibility study to allow initial experiments to peruse objective 2 as described above in order to provide initial evidence that miRNAs do play a role in fruit development. The approach planned to achieve objective 2, namely to identify miRNA transcription factor targets was to clone and silence the expression of a tomato DCL1 homolog in different stages of fruit development and examine alterations to gene expression in such a fruit in order to identify pathways and target genes that are regulated by miRNA via DCL1. In parallel, we characterized two transcription factors that are regulated by miRNAs in the fruit. We report here on the cloning of tomato DCL1 homolog, characterization of its expression in fruit flesh and peel of wild type and ripening mutants and generation of transgenic plants that silence SlDCL1 specifically in the fruit. Our results suggest that the tomato homolog of DCL1, which is the major plant enzyme involved in miRNA biogenesis, is present in fruit flesh and peel and differentially expressed during various stages of fruit development. In addition, its expression is altered in ripening mutants. We also report on the cloning and expression analysis of Sl_SBP and Sl_ARF transcription factors, which serve as targets of miR157 and miR160, respectively. Our data suggest that Sl_SBP levels are highest during fruit ripening supporting a role for this gene in that process. On the other hand Sl_ARF is strongly expressed in green fruit up to breaker indicating a role for that gene at preripening stage which is consistent with preliminary in_situ analyses that suggest expression in ovules of immature green fruit. The results of this feasibility study together with our previous results that miRNAs are expressed in the fruit indeed provide initial evidence that these regulators and their targets play roles in fruit development and ripening. These genes are expected to provide novel means for genetic improvement of tomato fleshy fruit.
5
Multiple Engine Faults Detection Using Variational Mode Decomposition and GA-K-means. SAE International, mars 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0616.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As a critical power source, the diesel engine is widely used in various situations. Diesel engine failure may lead to serious property losses and even accidents. Fault detection can improve the safety of diesel engines and reduce economic loss. Surface vibration signal is often used in non-disassembly fault diagnosis because of its convenient measurement and stability. This paper proposed a novel method for engine fault detection based on vibration signals using variational mode decomposition (VMD), K-means, and genetic algorithm. The mode number of VMD dramatically affects the accuracy of extracting signal components. Therefore, a method based on spectral energy distribution is proposed to determine the parameter, and the quadratic penalty term is optimized according to SNR. The results show that the optimized VMD can adaptively extract the vibration signal components of the diesel engine. In the actual fault diagnosis case, it is difficult to obtain the data with labels. The clustering algorithm can complete the classification without labeled data, but it is limited by the low accuracy. In this paper, the optimized VMD is used to decompose and standardize the vibration signal. Then the correlation-based feature selection method is implemented to obtain the feature results after dimensionality reduction. Finally, the results are input into the classifier combined by K-means and genetic algorithm (GA). By introducing and optimizing the genetic algorithm, the number of classes can be selected automatically, and the accuracy is significantly improved. This method can carry out adaptive multiple fault detection of a diesel engine without labeled data. Compared with many supervised learning algorithms, the proposed method also has high accuracy.