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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Geology »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 4 juin 2021

Mis à jour le 9 juin 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Geology"

Gonçalves, Pedro Wagner, Heitor Assis Junior, Marcelo Luis de Brino, and Celso Dal Ré Carneiro. "Da Mineralogia à Geologia: quarenta anos que mudaram a ciência no Brasil (1876-1918)." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 27 (January 5, 2024): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2023v27espp124-141.

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Resumo Esta pesquisa é resultado da reflexão sobre a história do mapeamento geológico do Brasil e a possibilidade de tratá-lo como caso de estudo. Pretende iluminar a intersecção entre a prospecção de recursos minerais (uma marca cultural desde a exploração praticada nos tempos do Brasil Colônia) e a preocupação pedagógica de difundir a Geologia entre elites culturais do final do século XIX, na Escola de Minas (fundada em 1876) e nas politécnicas. Os trabalhos pioneiros de John Casper Branner (1850-1922) e seus contatos com naturalistas que atuavam no Brasil, constituem chaves para interpretar seu significado e alcance em termos de descobertas (estabelecimento de marcos estratigráficos de extensão nacional), prospecção de recursos minerais estratégicos (ferro e carvão) e mudança do fazer ciência. Obras seminais publicadas por Branner (livro de texto intitulado Geologia Elementar – edições de 1906 e 1915 – e mapa geológico do Brasil – escala 1:5.000.000 publicado em inglês e português em 1919) exibem uma concepção de ciência, de geologia e de ensino marcantes na estruturação das ciências geológicas no Brasil. A reunião de preocupações pedagógicas e técnicas revela a inflexão dos estudos mineralógicos para geológicos no fim do século XIX e a emergência de um fazer geologia resultante de preocupações teóricas e práticas. Palavras-chave: História da Ciência, Ensino de Geologia, mapa geológico, livro didático, John Casper Branner (1850-1922) Abstract This study is the findings on the history of geologic mapping of Brazil and the alternatives of the case for teaching. It intends to highlight the intersection between prospection of mineral resources (a cultural character from Brazil colonia exploration) and the pedagogic worries to divulgate the geology among Brazilian cultural elites in ends of nineteenth century by means of School of Mines (created in 1876) and polytechnic schools. The strategic point to study is on the John Casper Branner's works (particularly his textbook – first and second editions, 1906 and 1915, and his geological map of Brazil, 1:5.000.000, published in English and Portuguese in 1919) because they show up the views of science, of geology and teaching; we defend that they present a framework of the geological sciences in Brazil. This framework reveals a network of naturalists, their contributions and their findings in terms of stratigraphic geology, mineral prospection, deposits and ores of iron and coal as well as the change of making geology. They put the stratigraphic marks to national geology, Branner synthetizes this making upon teaching perspectives. Branner's works (textbook and geological map) display a conception of science, of geology and the teaching which are fundamentals to organize Brazilian geological sciences. The combination of pedagogical and technical concerns reveals the inflection of mineralogical to geological studies in the ends of nineteenth century and the emergence of the making of geology because of theoretical and practical concerns. Keywords: history of science, teaching of geology, geological map, textbook, John Casper Branner (1850-1922) Resumen Este estudio recoge los hallazgos sobre la historia del mapeamiento geológica de Brasil y las alternativas del caso para la enseñanza. Pretende resaltar la intersección entre la prospección de recursos minerales (que viene desde la exploración colonial brasileña) y las preocupaciones pedagógicas por divulgar la geología entre las elites culturales brasileñas de finales del siglo XIX (cuando fue criada la Escuela de Minas, en 1876). El punto estratégico a estudiar son las obras de John Casper Branner (particularmente su libro de texto – primera y segunda ediciones, 1906 y 1915, y su mapa geológico de Brasil, 1:5.000.000, publicado en inglés y portugués en 1919) porque muestran cómo la ciencia y la geología se mesclan por medio de la enseñanza. Las ciencias geológicas en Brasil tuvieran un marco: una red de naturalistas, sus contribuciones y sus hallazgos en términos de geología estratigráfica, prospección minera, yacimientos y menas de hierro y carbón, así como el cambio de la geología. Branner sintetiza esta elaboración en perspectivas científicas y docentes. Sus obras (libro de texto y mapa geológico) muestran una concepción de la ciencia, de la geología y de la enseñanza que son fundamentales para organizar las ciencias geológicas brasileñas. La combinación de preocupaciones pedagógicas y técnicas revela la inflexión de los estudios mineralógicos en los geológicos a finales del siglo XIX y el surgimiento de la creación de la geología debido a preocupaciones teóricas y prácticas. Palavras-clave: historia de la ciencia, enseñanza de la geología, mapa geológico, libro de texto, John Casper Branner (1850-1922)

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Roemmele, Christopher. "The Impact of Curriculum and Instructional Choices on Undergraduate Students in Introductory Geology." International Research in Higher Education 4, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/irhe.v4n3p17.

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This research investigated the impact of an introductory geology class on undergraduate students' attitudes toward and conceptual understanding of geology. The purpose was to identify students' geologic blindness, a construct of disinterest, disdain, and unawareness of geology, geologic processes, and their relationship to humans, by assessing students’ views on curricular and pedagogical choices. A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was conducted. The participants consisted of 289 students enrolled over two semesters in an introductory geology class for non-majors. Specific to content and instruction, students found the format of rock and mineral labs and exams difficult and in need of change. They expressed positive attitudes about the hands-on, collaborative nature of these labs, and observation skills to perform them. Curriculum topics judged more interesting were deemed less difficult to understand, and vice versa, and that there was general understanding of geology’s broader themes of tectonics and time. Open-ended responses from participants, and interviews with key informants provided further evidence for these results. Students indicated that explicit instruction on the topic relevance, cross-topic connections, and on-going assessment and the use of a variety of visualizations and collaborative work would help to improve understanding and attitudes. The results provide insight into ways to improve introductory geology courses by addressing geologic blindness.

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Li, Yaoguo, Aline Melo, Cericia Martinez, and Jiajia Sun. "Geology differentiation: A new frontier in quantitative geophysical interpretation in mineral exploration." Leading Edge 38, no. 1 (January 2019): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle38010060.1.

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Geophysics aims to image subsurface geologic structure and identify different geologic units. While the former has dominated the interpretation of applied geophysical data, the latter has received much less attention. This appears to have persisted despite applications such as those in mineral exploration that inherently rely on the inference of geologic units from geophysical and geologic observations. In practice, such activities are routinely carried out in a qualitative manner. Thus, it is meaningful to examine this aspect and to develop a system of quantitative approaches to identify different geologic units. The development of geophysical inversions in the last three decades makes such interpretation tools possible. We refer to this newly emerging direction as geology differentiation and the resultant representation of geology model as a quasi-geology model. In this article, we will provide an overview of the historical background of geology differentiation and the current developments based on physical property inversions of geophysical data sets. We argue that integrating multiple physical property models to differentiate and characterize geologic units and work with the derived quasi-geology model may lead to a step change in maximizing the value of geophysical inversions.

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Menegat, Rualdo, and Luís Alberto D'Ávila Fernandes. "Historiografia da Geologia no Brasil e no RS: Breve comentário sobre seus métodos e protagonistas." Episteme – Filosofia e História das Ciências em Revista 1, no. 2 (December 1, 1996): 105–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6561472.

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RESUMO: A História da Geologia do Brasil e do Rio Grande do Sul, narrada em termos de cronologias e biografias, possui um pequeno número de autores, dentre os quais destacam-se os trabalhos de Orville Derby. No presente trabalho, além de serem identificadas as principais matrizes da historiografia da geologia no Brasil, é analisada uma outra possibilidade historiográfica consoante os pressupostos da Epistemologia contemporânea. Para tal possibilidade, a história da pesquisa pode ser enunciada em termos da mutação epistemológica dos modelos geológicos. Para o pré-Cambriano do Escudo Sul-rio-grandense, cinco períodos históricos foram definidos com base nesta metodologia. Neste caso, a História da Geologia possibilita o entendimento da incompletude das pesquisas geológicas desenvolvidas, além de ser uma forte aliada para o estabelecimento de estratégias mais adequadas para o teste de modelos e desenvolvimento de programas de pesquisa na Geologia. Palavras-chave: História da Geologia do Brasil e do Rio Grande do Sul; Epistemologia da Geologia; Métodos em História da Geologia; Modelos do pré-Cambriano; Escudo Sul-rio-grandense THE HISTORY OF GEOLOGY OF BRAZIL AND RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE: A BRIEF COMMENT ABOUT ITS METHODS AND PROTAGONISTS ABSTRACT: Brazil's and Rio Grande do Sul's History of Geology is traditionally registered in a few tittles based on chronological and biographical narratives. The geologist Orville Derby, in 1895, wrote the first account and he is the main author in Brazil's History of Geology. This paper identifies the main references and methods of Brazilian History of Geology. In addition, another method of history is analysed in terms of the New Epistemology assumptions. A History of Geology is written according to the epistemological mutations of geological models. Five historical periods based on geological models were recognized for the Precambrian Shield. This approach creates the possibility to understand about incompleteness geological model's research in the past. Thus, a History of Geology of a region is a condition to establish the research strategies structured in terms of geological models” tests of geological scientific programs. Keywords: History of Geology of Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul; Epistemology of Geology; Methods in History of Geology.

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Adhitya, Bagus, Hari Wiki Utama, Anggi Deliana Siregar, Magdalena Ritonga, and Yulia Morsa Said. "Pembuatan maket geologi struktur sebagai bahan ajar di Jurusan Teknik Kebumian Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Jambi." Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/transformasi.v17i2.4020.

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[Bahasa]: Geologi Struktur adalah salah satu mata kuliah yang ada pada kurikulum Program Studi Teknik Geologi, Teknik Pertambangan dan Teknik Geofisika yang dikelola oleh Jurusan Teknik Kebumian. Mata kuliah ini mempelajari bentukan atau struktur batuan penyusun kerak bumi, arsitektur batuan penyusun kerak bumi, dan bagaimana proses pembentukan struktur geologi. Identifikasi masalah yang ditemui adalah belum optimalnya hasil pembelajaran pada mata kuliah geologi struktur pada masa pandemi karena tidak adanya alat praktikum yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan kegiatan observasi lapangan. Di sisi lain observasi lapangan terhadap struktur geologi secara langsung sulit untuk dilaksanakan dan memiliki resiko yang cukup besar. Solusi dari permasalahan tersebut adalah dilakukan pembuatan maket geologi struktur taman bumi (Geopark) Merangin, Jambi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk membuat maket geologi struktur sebagai bahan ajar yang dapat menjadi alternatif pembelajaran dan praktikum pengukuran struktur dasar di masa pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan mitra adalah metode problem solving. Dari hasil pengukuran strike & dip diperoleh kedudukan pada sayap kiri lipatan maket geologi struktur berarah N 218oE/38o (Barat Daya) sedangkan pada sayap kanan lipatan maket geologi struktur berarah N 25oE/24o (Timur Laut). Maket geologi yang dibuat memiliki struktur berupa antiklin dengan bagian tengah mengalami pergeseran karena struktur sesar. Hasil analisis data struktur sesar merupakan sesar mendatar naik kanan, dengan kedudukan bidang sesar N 42°E/66°, Plunge/Bearing 80°N 87°E, dan Rake 45°. Pembuatan maket geologi struktur sangat bemanfaat dalam menambah pemahaman mahasiswa pada mata kuliah geologi struktur. Mahasiswa dapat mengetahui pengukuran struktur dasar sebelum terjun ke lapangan secara langsung sehingga mereka akan lebih siap saat melakukan kuliah lapangan. Kata Kunci: maket geologi struktur, bahan ajar, geopark Merangin [English]: Structural Geology is one of the courses in the curriculum of Geological Engineering, Mining Engineering, and Geophysical Engineering managed by the Department of Earth Engineering. This course studies the formation or structure of the rocks that make up the earth's crust, the architecture of the rocks that make up the earth's crust, and how the geological structure is formed. The problems identified were the non-optimal learning outcomes in the structural geology course during the pandemic and the absence of practical tools that can be used for field observation activities. On the other hand, field observations of geological structures directly are very difficult to carry out and have great risks. The solution to this problem is to make a geological structure scale model of the Earth Park (Geopark) Merangin, Jambi. This community service program aims to create structural geology mockups as teaching materials that can be alternative learning and practicum for measuring basic structures during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used in this program was problem-solving. From the result of the strike and dip measurement, the position was obtained on the left-wing of the geological model fold of the structure withN N 218oE/38o direction (Southwest). While on the right-wing of the geological model fold of the structure, the direction was N 218oE/38o (Northeast). The developed geological scale model has a structure in the form of an anticline with the center shifting due to the fault. Data analysis resulted in the position of the fault plane N 42°E/66°, Plunge/Bearing 80°N 87°E, and Rake 45°. Making a structural geology scale model is very useful in increasing students' understanding of the structural geology course. They can know the measurement of basic structures before going to the field directly so that the students will be better prepared when doing the field trip. Keywords: structural geology mockup, teaching materials, merangin geopark

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Sun, Jiajia, Aline Tavares Melo, Jae Deok Kim, and Xiaolong Wei. "Unveiling the 3D undercover structure of a Precambrian intrusive complex by integrating airborne magnetic and gravity gradient data into 3D quasi-geology model building." Interpretation 8, no. 4 (July 23, 2020): SS15—SS29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2019-0273.1.

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Mineral exploration under a thick sedimentary cover naturally relies on geophysical methods. We have used high-resolution airborne magnetic and gravity gradient data over northeast Iowa to characterize the geology of the concealed Precambrian rocks and evaluate the prospectivity of mineral deposits. Previous researchers have interpreted the magnetic and gravity gradient data in the form of a 2D geologic map of the Precambrian basement rocks, which provides important geophysical constraints on the geologic history and mineral potentials over the Decorah area located in the northeast of Iowa. However, their interpretations are based on 2D data maps and are limited to the two horizontal dimensions. To fully tap into the rich information contained in the high-resolution airborne geophysical data, and to further our understanding of the undercover geology, we have performed separate and joint inversions of magnetic and gravity gradient data to obtain 3D density contrast models and 3D susceptibility models, based on which we carried out geology differentiation. Based on separately inverted physical property values, we have identified 10 geologic units and their spatial distributions in 3D which are all summarized in a 3D quasi-geology model. The extension of 2D geologic interpretation to 3D allows for the discovery of four previously unidentified geologic units, a more detailed classification of the Yavapai country rock, and the identification of the highly anomalous core of the mafic intrusions. Joint inversion allows for the classification of a few geologic units further into several subclasses. We have demonstrated the added value of the construction of a 3D quasi-geology model based on 3D separate and joint inversions.

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Cramer, Richard, Beth L. Parker, and James Mark Stapleton. "Remediation Geology and Process-Based Conceptual Site Models to Optimize Groundwater Remediation." Sustainability 17, no. 5 (February 26, 2025): 2027. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052027.

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The Environmental Consulting Industry in the United States has historically prioritized engineering approaches over geologic science in addressing groundwater contamination. This engineering-centric bias has often resulted in oversimplified conceptual site models (CSMs) that fail to capture subsurface heterogeneity, limiting the effectiveness of groundwater remediation strategies. Recognizing the critical role of geology, the industry is increasingly adopting a Remediation Geology approach, which emphasizes the development of robust geologic models as the foundation for remediation programs. Geologic models optimize site lithologic data to define subsurface permeability architecture. The geologic model primarily serves as the structure to develop a Process-Based CSM, which is a holistic model that supports the entire remediation life cycle. A Process-Based CSM addresses the physical, chemical, and biological processes governing contaminant occurrence with the goal of modeling and predicting subsurface conditions for improved decision making with respect to monitoring programs and remediation design. Case studies highlight the transformative impact of Remediation Geology and Process-Based CSMs, demonstrating significant improvements in cleanup efficiency and resource optimization across diverse hydrogeologic settings. By addressing site complexities such as fine-grained units and fracture networks, Remediation Geology and Process-Based CSMs have proven effective for contaminants ranging from chlorinated solvents to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and radionuclides.

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Bathrellos, G. D. "An overview in urban geology and urban geomorphology." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 40, no. 3 (June 5, 2018): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16888.

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Worldwide is observed an expansion in urban areas. In Greece a proportional phenomenon is mentioned. More than 52% of the Greek population now lives in the two metropolitan municipalities of Athens and Salonica. For this reason grows up the scientific interest to urban geology and urban geomorphology. Urban Geology is the application of geologic knowledge to the planning and management of metropolitan areas. Its domain spans both regional geology and applied geology. Urban Geomorphology is the study of man as a physical process of change whereby he metamorphoses a more natural terrain to an anthropogene cityscape. In such a context Urban Geomorphology is the surface component of Urban Geology, which is one of the important subfields of environmental geology. The urban geomorphology is related with the management of natural hazards and the spatial planning. Engineering geology and urban planning need to interface with geomorphology in hazardous areas.

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Young, Davis A. "The Biblical Flood as a Geological Agent: A Review of Theories." Paleontological Society Papers 5 (October 1999): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000565.

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Mainstream scientists, including Woodward, Buckland, Prestwich, Suess, and Ryan and Pitman, have proposed a variety of theories to explain the biblical deluge. The extent of the flood in these theories has decreased as empirical knowledge of global geology has increased. In contrast, contemporary flood geology attempts to explain most of the geologic record in terms of a single, year-long, global catastrophe. Flood geology exists in the context of an alternate scientific universe with its own institutions, organizations, journals, and meetings. The views of Leonard Brand, Steven Austin, and Walt Brown, representative of flood geology, are discussed.

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Osipov, V. I. "About fundamental losses in engineering geology." Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология, no. 5 (September 20, 2019): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-78092019589-91.

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The paper considers the viewpoint of the author, i.e., the full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Prof. V.I. Osipov, on the problem raised by Prof. V.T. Trofimov, the head of the Department of Engineering and ecological geology at the Moscow State University, in his article published in “Inzhenernaya geologiya” journal, about the losses in engineering geology in the last decades. Both the objective and subjective reasons of this science degradation are mentioned.

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Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Geology"

Lund, Cecilia. "Mineralogical, chemical and textural characterisation of the Malmberget iron ore deposit for a geometallurgical model." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16819.

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The northern Norrbotten ore province is an intensely mineralised area and has traditionally been a very important mining district. It contains Fe, Cu-Au, Au, and Ag deposits ranging from world-class ore deposits to small and uneconomic ones (Martinsson 2004). The most important are the Kiruna and Malmberget iron ores and the Aitik Cu-Au deposit.The cross-discipline approach called geometallurgy connects two different but closely related areas in the mining industry, namely geology and mineral processing. It involves understanding and measurements of the ore properties significant for its successful processing. Geometallurgy takes both the geological and mineral processing information to create a spatially-based (3D) predictive model for product management in mining operations (Lamberg, 2011).This case study investigates how to establish a geometallurgical model using the Malmberget iron ore deposit as a case study. A mineralogical approach (Lamberg 2011) was selected meaning that the focus is on mineralogy, and therefore parameters like modal mineralogy, mineral textures, mineral associations, mineral grain sizes and their relation to liberation characteristics are important. The main effort is to deliver a geological model which gives quantitative rather than descriptive information to be used in a process submodel.The ore characterisation (Papers I and II) gives new information on the chemical composition of minerals, mineralogical composition of both ore and host rocks, as well as the variation within the individual ore bodies. This sets a firm basis for the quantitative methods developed for routine analysis of modal mineralogy (Paper III) and mineral textures (Paper IV). Also, this increases the understanding regarding the primary origin and metamorphic evolution of the deposit, which is important since the origin of the apatite iron ore of the Kiruna type is still controversial.Based on the modal composition, preliminary geometallurgical (GEM) ore types were established for the Malmberget ore body. Each of these GEM-types describes quantitatively: the minerals present, their chemical composition, rules how to calculate the modal composition from routine chemical assays (element to mineral conversion, EMC rules) and a textural archetype in a library of archetypes. Using these GEM-types it is possible to calculate the modal mineralogy and the liberation distribution for every geological unit from the sample level to GEM-types to be further used in building a GEM block model of the ore.The applicability of the geological model was tested by developing a liberation based process model of simple one stage dry magnetic separation for the GEM-types. The model returns the metallurgical response, in terms of grade and recovery, of each of the developed GEM-types. The model was validated with another ore sample representing the same archetype from a different ore body and with a different grade. The model forecasted the recovery and concentrate grade within 2%-unit accuracy.This is the first published study where a full predictive geometallurgical model is entirely based on the mineralogy. The approach is a generic approach and valid not only for iron ores but also for other metallic mines. Godkänd; 2013; 20130422 (luncec); Tillkännagivande disputation 2013-08-13 Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Cecilia Lund Ämne: Malmgeologi/Ore Geology Avhandling: Mineralogical, Chemical and Textural Characterisation of the Malmberget Iron Ore Deposit for a Geometallurgical Model Opponent: Professor emeritus Terje Malvik, Department of Geology and Mineral resources Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway Ordförande: Professor Pertti Lamberg, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Fredag den 6 september 2013, kl 10.00 Plats: F531, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Edfelt, Åsa. "Geology, alterations and mineral chemistry of the Tjårrojåkka Fe-oxide Cu-Au occurrences, northern Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26616.

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The Tjårrojåkka area is located about 50 km WSW of Kiruna, northern Sweden, and hosts one of the best examples of spatially related Fe-oxide Cu-Au occurrences (the Tjårrojåkka-Fe and Tjårrojåkka-Cu). The bedrock, depositional environment and tectonic evolution of the area were studied through petrological, geochemical and geophysical-petrophysical investigations. The bedrock is dominated by intermediate and basic extrusive and intrusive rocks. The intermediate andesites and basaltic andesites are cut by diabases which acted as feeder dykes for the overlying basalts. The intrusive rocks range from gabbro to quartz-monzodiorite in composition. The area is metamorphosed to epidote-amphibolite facies and has been affected by scapolite, K-feldspar, epidote and albite alteration that is more intense in the vicinity of deformation zones and mineralisations. Based on geochemistry the andesites and basaltic andesites are similar to the Svecofennian Porphyrite Group intermediate volcanic rocks, but have also features common with the intermediate volcaniclastic unit in the underlying Kiruna Greenstone Group. Chemically the basalts and diabases have the same signature, but cannot directly be correlated with any known basaltic unit. Some of the samples have characteristics comparable to the basalts of the Kiruna Greenstone Group. Whether the volcanic sequence at Tjårrojåkka represents the Porphyrite Group or is part of the greenstones could not be unequivocally determined without geochronological data. Three events of deformation have been distinguished in the Tjårrojåkka area; the first one involving NW-SE compression creating NE-SW-striking steep foliation corresponding with the strike of the Tjårrojåkka-Fe and Cu bodies, followed by the creation of an E-W deformation zone. Finally a second compressional event resulted in folding and the formation of a NNW-SSE striking and gently dipping structure possible related to thrusting from SW. The Tjårrojåkka apatite-magnetite ore (52.6 Mt of iron ore @ 51.5% Fe) is a blind ore consisting of a massive magnetite core surrounded by an ore- breccia containing low-grade Cu-mineralisation. Apatite, amphiboles and carbonate occur disseminated and as veins within the massive ore and in the wall rock. The Tjårrojåkka-Cu mineralisation is located 750 m from the Tjårrojåkka-Fe and contains 3.23 Mt ore @ 0.87% Cu. The main ore minerals are chalcopyrite and bornite occurring both disseminated and in veinlets. Minor pyrite, molybdenite and gold have also been observed. The host rock has been affected by strong albite, scapolite, amphibole and K-feldspar alteration. The alteration assemblages at Tjårrojåkka are highly variable with several of the alteration minerals occurring in several generations and settings, and with multiple reactivations of already existing veins and overlapping alteration stages indicating a complex, long history of fluid activity in the area. Similarity in alteration minerals and paragenesis in the iron and copper mineralisation is described in terms of whole rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry and paragenesis. This may partly be explained by the common host rock to the mineralisations, but indicates also similarities in fluid composition. Within the massive magnetite ore apatite, tremolite and carbonate veinlets fill fractures probably formed during cooling of the magnetite body. The wall rock has been affected by extensive pervasive albite and plagioclase alteration. Scapolite occurs locally as porphyroblasts and later veins. The albitised and scapolitised rocks are overprinted by pervasive K-feldspar alteration and veins of K-feldspar + Mg-hornblende ± titanite ± quartz ± magnetite ± sulphides along the foliation. Epidote is common in veins together with K-feldspar. Allanite occurs as an accessory mineral associated with epidote, otherwise REE-minerals are rare. Carbonate and zoelites were the last phases to form in vacancies. The area between the apatite-iron and copper bodies is strongly albite + magnetite altered. The footwall of the copper body is characterised by pervasive albite alteration spatially associated with magnetite and apatite veins cut by later carbonate veinlets. Scapolite (porphyroblasts and veins) is formed in an early stage in the hanging wall overprinted by pervasive K-feldspar alteration. Amphiboles (tschermakites, Mg-hornblende and actinolite) occur in several generations as porphyroblasts, in veins on its own, or together with K-feldspar ± titanite ± quartz ± carbonate ± chalcopyrite ± bornite. Epidote, REE- carbonate, zeolites and fluorite are the latest alteration phases in the copper mineralisation. Ba, Cl, S and F are enriched in the alteration minerals in the Tjårrojåkka occurrences. Barium-rich varieties of K-feldspar (max. 3.5% BaO) occur in the Cu-mineralised breccia surrounding the apatite-magneitie body indicating high concentrations of Ba in the hydrothermal fluids. Absence of sulphate in the fluids probably caused the formation of Ba-feldspars instead of barite. Scapolite shows a trend with more Cl-rich varieties around the magnetite body gradually getting more SO3 and CO2-rich in the Cu-mineralisation. The presence of accessory barite in the copper mineralisation also indicates that the SO3 content in the fluids were higher than in the iron ore. The biotites are rich in Ti while Cl and F contents are more moderate and do not show great variation in different parts of the systems. All amphiboles are Ca-rich ranging from tschermakites, Mg-hornblende to actinolite and tremolite. The apatites are F-dominate with higher Cl content in the apatite- iron ore than in the copper occurrence. Overall the alteration minerals related to the apaite-iron ore are more rich in Cl and Ba than the ones in the Cu-mineralisation that show higher contents of F, SO3 and CO2. Godkänd; 2003; 20070215 (ysko)

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Kampmann, Tobias Christoph. "3D structural framework and constraints on the timing of hydrothermal alteration and ore formation at the Falun Zn-Pb-Cu-(Au-Ag) sulphide deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26483.

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The Falun pyritic Zn-Pb-Cu-(Au-Ag) sulphide deposit, situated in the Palaeoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga) Bergslagen lithotectonic unit in the south-western part of the Fennoscandian Shield, is one of the major base and minor precious metal sulphide deposits in Sweden. Host rocks to the deposit as well as the ores and altered rocks were metamorphosed and affected by heterogeneous ductile strain during the Svecokarelian orogeny the total duration of which was 2.0–1.8 Ga. These processes both reworked the mineral assemblages of the original hydrothermal alteration system and reshaped the structural geometry of the deposit, following formation of the ores and the associated hydrothermal alteration.In order to study primary geological and ore-forming processes at Falun, it is necessary firstly to investigate the nature of the tectonothermal modification. In this licentiate thesis, a three-dimensional modelling approach is used in order to evaluate geometric relationships between lithologies at the deposit. This study demonstrates the polyphase character (D1 and D2) of the strong ductile deformation at Falun. The major rock-forming minerals in the silicate alteration rocks are quartz, biotite/phlogopite, cordierite, anthophyllite, chlorite, and minor almandine and andalusite. On the basis of microstructural investigations, it is evident that these minerals grew during distinct periods in the course of the tectonic evolution, with major static grain growth between D1 and D2, and also after D2. Furthermore, the occurrence of F2 sheath folds along steeply south-south-east plunging axes is suggested as a key deformation mechanism, forming cylindrical, rod-shaped ore bodies which pinch out at depth. The sheath folding also accounts for the same stratigraphic level (footwall) on both the eastern and western sides of the massive sulphide ores. A major, sulphide-bearing high-strain zone defines a tectonic boundary at the deposit and bounds the massive sulphide ores to the north.The geological evolution in the Falun area involved emplacement of felsic sub-volcanic intrusive and volcanic rocks and some carbonate sedimentation; followed by hydrothermal alteration, ore formation and the intrusion of dykes and plutons of variable composition after burial of the supracrustal rocks. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) U-Pb (zircon) geochronology of key lithologies in and around the Falun base metal sulphide deposit indicates a rapid sequence of development of different magmatic pulses with individual age determinations overlapping within their uncertainties. The intense igneous activity, as well as the feldspar-destructive hydrothermal alteration and ore formation are constrained by two 207Pb-206Pb weighted average (zircon) ages of 1894 ± 3 Ma for a sub-volcanic host rock not affected by this type of alteration and 1891 ± 3 Ma for a felsic dyke, which cross-cuts the hydrothermally altered zone and is also unaffected by this alteration. All other ages, including the granitic plutonic rocks, fall in the interval between these ages.The lithological, structural and geochronological observations have implications for the environment and the conditions of ore formation at the Falun deposit. Several aspects argue for an ore system resembling a classic volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) system in terms of type of alteration, metal zonation, the pyritic character of massive sulphides and an inferred vent-proximal location in relation to the convection-driving magmatic system. The bowl-shaped, sub-seafloor feeder part of such a system might have served as an initial inhomogeneity in the strata for the later development of strong stretching along steep axes and sheath fold formation during ductile strain. Possible discordant relationships along the margins of the massive sulphide ores, coupled with the syn-magmatic, pre-tectonic timing of ore formation are in accordance with a general VMS-type model for the Falun base metal sulphide deposit. These results provide a compromise solution to the previous debate around two opposing models of strictly syn-genetic vs. epigenetic, post-deformational carbonate-replacement processes for ore formation at the deposit. The Falun pyritic Zn-Pb-Cu-(Au-Ag) sulphide deposit, situated in the Palaeoproterozoic (1.9–1.8 Ga) Bergslagen lithotectonic unit in the south-western part of the Fennoscandian Shield, is one of the major base and minor precious metal sulphide deposits in Sweden. Host rocks to the deposit as well as the ores and altered rocks were metamorphosed and affected by heterogeneous ductile strain during the Svecokarelian orogeny (2.0–1.8 Ga). These processes both reworked the mineral assemblages of the original hydrothermal alteration system and reshaped the structural geometry of the deposit, following formation of the ores and the associated hydrothermal alteration.In order to study primary geological and ore-forming processes at Falun, it is necessary firstly to investigate the nature of the strong tectonothermal modification. In this licentiate thesis, a three-dimensional modelling approach is used in order to evaluate geometric relationships between lithologies at the deposit. This study demonstrates the polyphase character (D1 and D2) of the ductile deformation at Falun. The major rock-forming minerals in the silicate alteration rocks are quartz, biotite/phlogopite, cordierite, anthophyllite, chlorite, and minor almandine and andalusite. On the basis of microstructural investigations, it is evident that these minerals grew during distinct periods in the course of the tectonic evolution, with major static grain growth between D1 and D2, and also after D2. Furthermore, the occurrence of F2 sheath folds along steeply south-south-east plunging axes is suggested as a key deformation mechanism, forming cylindrical, rod-shaped ore bodies which pinch out at depth. The sheath folding also accounts for the same stratigraphic level on both the eastern and western sides of the massive sulphide ores. A major, sulphide-bearing high-strain zone defines a tectonic boundary inside the deposit and bounds the massive sulphide ores to the north. A precursor to this zone can have played a central role as a metal-bearing fluid conduit during ore genesis, prior to reactivation of the zone in the ductile regime.The geological evolution in the Falun area involved emplacement of felsic volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks and some carbonate sedimentation, followed by ore formation and hydrothermal alteration as well as the intrusion of dykes and plutons of variable composition. U-Pb zircon geochronology of key lithologies in and around the Falun base metal sulphide deposit indicates a rapid sequence of development of different magmatic phases with individual age determinations overlapping within their uncertainties. The igneous activity is constrained between a zircon U-Pb concordia age of 1899 ± 7 Ma for a sub-volcanic host rock and a zircon 207Pb-206Pb weighted average age of 1891 ± 3 Ma for a felsic dyke, with all other reliable ages, including the quartz-rich plutonic rocks, falling in the interval between them. This interval also included the hydrothermal alteration and ore formation at Falun.It is suggested that the bowl-shaped, sub-seafloor feeder part of a high-sulphidation and Au-bearing volcanogenic massive sulphide ore system, with replacement of carbonates and (sub)-volcanic rocks, served as an initial inhomogeneity in the strata for the later development of strong stretching along steep axes and sheath fold formation during ductile strain. The observation of discordant relationships along the margins of the massive sulphide ores, coupled with the syn-magmatic, pre-tectonic timing of ore formation, corroborate this hypothesis, providing a compromise solution to the previous debate around two opposing models of strictly syn-genetic vs. epigenetic, post-deformational carbonate-replacement processes of ore formation at the Falun base metal sulphide deposit. Godkänd; 2015; 20150212 (tobkam); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Tobias Christoph Kampmann Ämne: Malmgeologi/Ore Geology Uppsats: 3D Structural Framework and Constraints on the Timing of Hudrothermal Alteration and Ore Formation at the Falun Zn-Pb-Cu-(Au-Ag) Sulphide Deposit, Bergslagen, Sweden Examinator: Professor Pär Weihed Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Avdelning Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Docent, adjungerad professor Pietari Skyttä, University of Turku, Department of Geography and Geology, Turun Yliopisto, Finland Tid: Torsdag 23 april 2015 kl 10.00 Plats: F531, Luleå tekniska universitet Structural evolution, hydrothermal alteration and tectonic setting of the Falun base metal and gold deposit, Bergslagen region, Sweden

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Bauer, Tobias. "Structural and sedimentological reconstruction of the inverted Vargfors basin : a base for 4D-modelling." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17596.

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The Palaeoproterozoic Skellefte mining district in northern Sweden covers an area of 120 by 30 km and is one of the most important mining districts in Europe, producing mainly Zn, Cu, Pb, As and Au from volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) and orogenic gold deposits.Detailed mapping of structures and stratigraphy within the sedimentary Vargfors Group combined with a structural analysis revealed a syn-extensional fault pattern of NW-SE-trending normal faults and associated NE-SW-trending transfer faults, creating the segmented sedimentary Vargfors basin. It comprises distinct fault-bound compartments, which incluence the sedimentary stratigraphy in each of these compartments.Syn-rift subsidence affected the sedimentary conditions from near-shore to shallow submarine environment.Intensive fault movements associated with mafic volcanic activity along these faults resulted in the rapid uplift of the oldest phase of the Jörn intrusive complex and/or subsidence of its surrounding areas. Subsequent erosion of the intrusive rocks led to the formation of a tonalite to granodiorite bearing conglomeratic sequence, representing an alluvial fan. Further uplift to the north of the district resulted in the erosion of Arvidsjaur volcanic rocks and the formation of a braided river system. Subsidence of the intrusive complex and/or a sedimentary coverage on top of the same caused a break in sedimentation of tonalite to granodiorite clasts. Stratigraphical evolution of the sedimentary rocks and the Vargfors Group - Skellefte Group contact relationships show that rifting started in the centre and proceeded with time towards SE and NW. Subsequent basin inversion resulted in the reactivation of the existing normal faults along a carbonate-rich basal layer forming asymmetric synclines. Primary geometries of sedimentary strata within each fault-bound compartment controlled their deformation styles. Furthermore, strain was partitioned into the faults, forming high strain zones along the basin margins, where foliations parallel the main faults, and low strain domains in the core of the basin, where foliation is oblique to the main structural grain of the basin. This oblique foliation is either a result of a rotating stress field or a transpressional regime. This case study on basin inversion gives implications for accretion processes along the Svecokarelian Craton margin as well as forthe formation of VMS-deposits and their possible transposition. Basic modelling of the main geological boundaries in the central Skellefte district was performed by integrating data from regional to outcrop scale using the GoCAD (Paradigm) software platform. Available data included geographical and geological data, which were imported from ArcGIS (ESRI) as well as drill-hole data, seismic profiles, resistivity and gravimetry profiles and EM-profiles. Creation of the main geological boundaries utilized GoCAD and SPARSE (Mirageoscience) algorithms, whereas structural geological data was exclusively modelled with SPARSE. Furthermore, this study provides a base for refining the 3-dimensional model and developing a 4-dimensional model, showing the geological evolution of the Skellefte district. Godkänd; 2010; 20101029 (tobbau); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Malmgeologi/Ore Geology Examinator: Professor Pär Weihed, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Dr Peter Sorjonen-Ward, GTK, Kuopio, Finland Tid: Torsdag den 16 december 2010 kl 10.00 Plats: F531, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Bark, Glenn. "Genesis and tectonic setting of the hypozonal Fäboliden orogenic gold deposit, northern Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17200.

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The well-known Skellefte Ore District, northern Sweden, hosts a large number of massive sulphide deposits, a few porphyry-type-deposits and a number of gold deposits in different geological settings. Southwest of this district a new ore province, the so called Gold Line, is presently being uncovered. During the past decade a number of gold occurrences have been discovered in this area. Only one deposit is in production, the Svartliden gold deposit (2 Mton at 4.3 ppm Au). However, with regards to tonnage the Fäboliden gold deposit stands out with a known mineral resource of c. 16 Mton with 1.33 ppm Au. Additional 24.5 Mton with 1.5 ppm Au is indicated down to a depth of 350 m. The late- to post-orogenic, c. 1.81-1.77 Ga, Revsund granite constitutes the main rock type in the Fäboliden area and surrounds a narrow belt of metavolcanic rocks and metagreywackes. The metasedimentary rocks are strongly deformed, within a roughly N-S trending subvertical shear zone, with boudinaged competent horizons that indicate E-W shortening and a suggested dextral sense of shear within the shear zone. The mineralization at Fäboliden constitutes a 30-50 m wide, N-S striking, steeply dipping ore zone. The mineralization is commonly hosted in arsenopyrite-bearing quartz-veins, which parallel the main foliation, within the metagreywackes in the shear zone. The fine-grained (2-40 µm) gold is closely associated with arsenopyrite-löllingite and stibnite and found in fissures and as intergrowths in the arsenopyrite-löllingite. Gold is also seen as free grains in the silicate matrix of the metagreywacke host rock. Microprobe analysis shows that the gold occurs as electrum (Au:Ag 2:1). The proximal ore zone display enrichment in Ca, total S, As, Ag, Au, Sb, Sn, W, Pb, Bi, Cd, Se, and Hg, whereas K and Na are slightly depleted. The hydrothermal alteration assemblage in the proximal ore zone is diopside, calcic amphibole, biotite, and minor andalusite and tourmaline. This type of assemblage is commonly recognized in hypozonal orogenic gold deposits worldwide. The c. 1.3 km long ore body (lode) is steeply dipping and known to a depth of 150 m, with a few deeper boreholes indicating a continuation of the mineralization towards depth. The mineralization is also open towards north and south. The fabric that hosts the mineralization is also found in the outer margin of the surrounding Revsund granite. It is therefore suggested that at least the final stages of the gold mineralization are late- or post-orogenic in age, and the maximum age for the mineralization is constrained at c. 1.80 Ga (Revsund age). The mineralizing fluids were composed of CO2-CH4-H2S. Gold, arsenopyrite- löllingite, and graphite were precipitated from this fluid. The crystal structure of the graphite, enclosed in the gold related quartz veins, indicates a maximum temperature of 520-560ºC for the mineralizing event, temperature conditions equal to mid-amphibolite facies. These temperatures indicate pressure conditions of c. 4 kbar for the mineralizing event. During deformation mineralizing fluids are often concentrated into deformation zones. Therefore, the potential for economic mineralization in the Lycksele-Storuman region is regarded as very high since the initial results from this project have indicated the existence of several larger ductile to semi-ductile shear zones and accompanied silica alteration in the studied area. During 2004 the project strongly assisted in locating a new gold target in the Gold Line area. For more effective future exploration in this area a better understanding of the structural conditions and evolution is a key factor. Godkänd; 2005; 20061214 (haneit)

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Martinsson, Olof. "Bispbergs järnmalmsfält : En geologisk och geokemisk studie." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26303.

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Amoorizi, Varnamkhasti Kianoosh. "Competitive Business framework design toward the circular economy." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86977.

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Tollefsen, Elin. "Chemical controls on ikaite formation." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för geologiska vetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-156839.

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Moberg, Jesper. "Naturliga halter av metaller i sjöar och vattendrag med avseende på lokal geologi i Barseleområdet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353770.

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Bakgrundshalter för olika metaller i svenska sjöar och vattendrag stämmer inte alltid överens med geologin i lokala områden, som kan ha anrikats många gånger högre än beräknade halter i jordskorpan. Detta är fallet i Barseleområdet, norra Sverige där Agnico Eagle genomför undersökningsarbeten med fokus på guld. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka vad som anses vara naturliga halter av metaller i området med avseende på lokal geologi och jämföra dessa med bedömda bakgrundshalter. Fokus ligger på metallerna arsenik, antimon, bly och zink där även dess geokemiska beteende undersöks. Vattendata från vattendrag och sjöar från tio lokaler i området kring fyndigheten under perioden 2001–2016 har bearbetats. Analyserna har gjorts med analyspaket V2 (grundämnen i sötvatten). Bakgrundshalter har erhållits från SLU och Sveriges miljöinstitut som jämförts med vattendata från området. Resultaten visar att arsenik och antimon har genomgående högre halter än beräknade bakgrundshalter, där antimon, bly och zink generellt ligger i linje med bakgrundshalterna beroende på klassning av vattnet. Faktorer som pH, hydrologiska förhållanden samt löslighet och rörlighet i vatten visar sig ha stor påverkan på om halterna av metaller kommer överskrida bakgrundshalterna. Adsorption till järnoxider är ett exempel på en faktor som påverkar metallers rörlighet i vatten, och därmed om de kommer anrikas eller inte. The levels of metals measured in individual Swedish lakes and waterways (local scale) do not always correspond to levels expected from knowledge of the underlying geology (regional scale), and in some cases can be orders of magnitude higher than expected. This is the case in the Barsele area, northern Sweden, where Agnico Eagle are exploring for gold. The purpose of this work is to investigate the natural levels of metals in waters with regard to local geology in the area, and compare these with calculated background levels. The study focuses on the metals arsenic, antimony, lead and zinc, and their geochemical behavior. Water data from ten sites during 2001–2016 have been studied. The analyzes were carried out with V2 analyzing package. Background levels were obtained from SLU and Sweden's environmental institute, which have been compared with water data from the area. The results show that arsenic and antimony have consistently higher levels than calculated background levels, while levels of lead and zinc generally correspond to background levels, depending on the classification of the water. Factors such as pH, hydrological conditions, and solubility and mobility in water have a major influence on whether or not the levels of metals exceed the calculated background levels. Adsorption to iron oxides is an example of a factor that decreases the mobility of metals in water.

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Sarlus, Zimer. "Geochemical and geochronological constraints on 1.88 and 1.80 Ga magmatic events in the Gällivare area, northern Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-25689.

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The Gällivare area is situated in northern Norrbotten, Sweden, and hosts the Aitik Cu-Au deposit and the Malmberget Fe deposit. In addition, more than 17 mineral prospects and mineralizations are present, among these the currently developed Nautanen Cu-Au deposit. All deposits are hosted within Paleoproterozoic volcanic and volcano-sedimentary successions intruded and surrounded by multiple generations of intrusive suites, including large bodies of ultramafic to mafic layered complexes. Detailed field mapping combined with geochemical and petrological investigations and geochronology have revealed suites of igneous rocks ranging in composition from ultramafic-mafic, intermediate to felsic. Main key igneous rocks include 1) tholeiitic, ultramafic-mafic layered intrusive complexes; 2) calc-alkaline mafic to intermediate plutonic and volcanic units; 3) calc-alkaline, mafic-intermediate dykes and sills; 4) calc-alkaline and shoshonitic granitoids. U-Pb multigrain zircon SIMS analysis combined with lithogeochemical investigations suggest two magmatic episodes at 1.88 and 1.80 Ga, respectively, with coeval mafic-felsic magmatism including the generation of voluminous layered complexes. Based on their MORB-type, tholeiitic character, these layered complexes are suggested to have formed in an extensional setting, preferentially in a back-arc environment. U-Pb multigrain zircon SIMS analysis and field mapping also reveal that granitoids in the area range from 1886 to 1779 Ma with the oldest granitoids containing mafic enclaves. This suggests magma interaction between basic and felsic magma sources. Geochemical data suggest generation of granitoids in a volcanic arc environment in a mainly post-collisional setting. Results suggest the formation of layered complexes and a volcanic arc system in an extensional setting followed by a subsequent compressional phase of arc accretion producing post-collisional granitoids. The 1.88 Ga event that generated the ultramafic-mafic layered complexes is associated with a back-arc setting generated in response to 1.90 Ga NNE trending subduction. The later event at ~1.80 Ga generating voluminous mafic-felsic units is associated with the TIB event which is also coupled to the regional IOCG overprint. The Gällivare area is situated in northern Norrbotten, Sweden, and hosts the Aitik Cu-Au deposit and the Malmberget Fe deposit. In addition, more than 17 mineral prospects and mineralizations are present, among these the currently developed Nautanen Cu-Au deposit. All deposits are hosted within Paleoproterozoic volcanic and volcano-sedimentary successions intruded and surrounded by multiple generations of intrusive suites, including large bodies of ultramafic to mafic layered complexes. Detailed field mapping combined with geochemical and petrological investigations and geochronology have revealed the role of intrusive igneous events and their control on ore formation. Main key igneous rocks include 1) tholeiitic, ultramafic-mafic layered intrusive complexes; 2) calc-alkaline mafic to intermediate plutonic and volcanic units; 3) calc-alkaline, mafic-intermediate dykes and sills; 4) calc-alkaline and shoshonitic granitoids. U-Pb multigrain zircon SIMS analysis combined with litho-geochemical investigations suggest two magmatic episodes at 1.88 and 1.80 Ga, respectively, with coeval mafic-felsic magmatism including the generation of voluminous layered complexes. Based on their MORB-type, tholeiitic character, these layered complexes are suggested to have formed in an extensional setting, preferentially in a back-arc environment. U-Pb multigrain zircon SIMS analysis and field mapping also reveal that granitoids in the area range from 1886 to 1779 Ma with the oldest granitoids containing mafic enclaves. This suggests magma interaction between basic and felsic magma sources. Geochemical data suggest generation of granitoids in a volcanic arc environment in a mainly post-collisional setting. Results suggest the formation of layered complexes and a volcanic arc system in an extensional setting followed by a subsequent compressional phase of arc accretion producing post-collisional granitoids. The 1.88 Ga event that generated the ultramafic-mafic layered complexes is is associated with a back-arc setting generated in response to 1.90 Ga NNE trending subduction. The later event at ~1.80 Ga generating voluminous mafic-felsic units is associated with the TIB event also coupled to the regional IOCG overprint. Godkänd; 2016; 20160518 (zimsar); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Zmar Sarlus Ämne: Malmgeologi /Ore Geology Uppsats: Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on 1.88 and 1.80 Ga Magmatic Events in the Gällivare Area, Northern Sweden Examinator: Biträdande professor Christina Wanhainen, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, Avdelning: Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, Luleå tekniska universitet. Diskutant: PhD Paul Evins, WSP Sverige AB, Stockholm. Tid: Fredag 17 juni, 2016 kl 10.00 Plats: F341, Luleå tekniska universitet

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Efrén, Pérez Segura, and Jacques-Ayala César 1946-, eds. Studies of Sonoran geology. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 1991.

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McLean, A. C. Geology for civil engineers. 2nd ed. London: Unwin Hyman, 1985.

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1906-, Hunt Charles Butler, ed. Geology of the Henry Mountains, Utah, as recorded in the notebooks of G.K. Gilbert, 1875-76. Boulder, Colo: Geological Society of America, 1988.

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Geological Survey (U.S.), ed. Geologic hazards: Geology and resources. Denver, CO (P.O. Box 25286, Denver 80225): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.

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Zvi, Baras, Batzhargal T та Sengee Doobatyn, ред. Mongġol geologi =: Mongolian geology = Mongolʹskai︠a︡ geologi︠a︡. Ulaanbaatar: Ulsyn Khėvlėliĭn Gazar, 1989.

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Doelling, Hellmut H. The geololgy of Kane County, Utah: Geology, mineral resources, geologic hazards. Salt Lake City, Utah (606 Black Hawk Way, Salt Lake City 84108-1280): Utah Geological and Mineral Survey, Utah Dept. of Natural Resources, 1989.

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1949-, Sherwood Kirk W., Johnson Peter P, and United States. Minerals Management Service. Alaska OCS Region., eds. Geologic report for the Beaufort Sea planning area, Alaska: Regional geology, petroleum geology, environmental geology. Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Dept. of Interior, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region, 1986.

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Craig, James D. Geologic report for the Beaufort Sea planning area, Alaska: Regional geology, petroleum geology, environmental geology. Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Dept. of Interior, Minerals Management Service, Alaska OCS Region, 1986.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Geology"

Brawer, Moshe. "Geology." In Atlas of South America, 14–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12579-1_5.

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Marker, Brian R. "Geology." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_136-1.

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Brown, Gary, and Bruno A. Mies. "Geology." In Vegetation Ecology of Socotra, 21–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4141-6_3.

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Arnalds, Olafur. "Geology." In World Soils Book Series, 17–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9621-7_3.

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Bondyrev, Igor V., Zurab V. Davitashvili, and Vijay P. Singh. "Geology." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 67–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05413-1_7.

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Ostadhassan, Mehdi, Kouqi Liu, Chunxiao Li, and Seyedalireza Khatibi. "Geology." In SpringerBriefs in Petroleum Geoscience & Engineering, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76087-2_1.

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Nitecki, Matthew H., Harry Mutvei, and Doris V. Nitecki. "Geology." In Receptaculitids, 31–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4691-7_3.

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Elbasiouny, Heba, and Fathy Elbehiry. "Geology." In World Soils Book Series, 93–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95516-2_6.

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Arnold, Arthur B., Laurence B. James, George A. Kiersch, and Alan L. O’Neill. "Geology." In Advanced Dam Engineering for Design, Construction, and Rehabilitation, 106–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0857-7_4.

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Whittaker, Alun. "Geology." In Theory and Evaluation of Formation Pressures, 11–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5355-0_2.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Geology"

Allmendinger, Richard W., and Paul Karabinos. "IMPROVING GEOLOGIC MAPPING WITH COMPUTATIONAL FIELD GEOLOGY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-334376.

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Hirtz, Jaime A. M., Nolan C. Barrette, Joseph Colgan, Sam Johnstone, Bryant Platt, Warren P. Roe, Leland Spangler, and Donald Sweetkind. "GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES: PRECAMBRIAN GEOLOGY." In GSA Connects 2024 Meeting in Anaheim, California. Geological Society of America, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2024am-402112.

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Barrette, Nolan C., Juan-Marcel Campos, Joseph Colgan, Jaime A. M. Hirtz, Sam Johnstone, Bryant Platt, Warren P. Roe, and Jaime A. M. Hirtz. "GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES: QUATERNARY GEOLOGY." In GSA Connects 2024 Meeting in Anaheim, California. Geological Society of America, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2024am-402270.

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Gentile, Richard J., and Robyn L. Daniels. "THE TRAVELING GEOLOGY EXHIBIT - BRINGING GEOLOGY TO THE PEOPLE." In Joint 53rd Annual South-Central/53rd North-Central/71st Rocky Mtn GSA Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019sc-326265.

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Weisenfluh, Gerald A., Stephen F. Greb, and Rebecca Wang. "COAL GEOLOGY INFORMATION: COAL CORE DESCRIPTION AND MINING GEOLOGY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-304493.

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Stephenson, M., F. Bullough, S. Geiger, M. Bridden, P. Ringrose, D. Schofield, and R. Davey. "Geology of Decarbonisation." In 81st EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2019. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201900931.

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Gusev, Vladimir V. "GEOLOGY AND SOCIETY." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-251-252.

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Bubniak, I. M., A. M. Bubniak, and O. D. Gavrilenko. "Digital field geology." In Geoinformatics: Theoretical and Applied Aspects 2020. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2020geo087.

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Quane, Steve, Susan Smith, Stuart Parker, Jesse Mosolf, Colleen Elliott, Yann Gavillot, Catherine McDonald, Susan Vuke, and Daniel Brennan. "MONTANA BUREAU OF MINES AND GEOLOGY: GEOLOGIC MAPPING IN MONTANA." In Joint 120th Annual Cordilleran/74th Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2024. Geological Society of America, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2024cd-399699.

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Colgan, Joseph, Nolan Barrette, Jaime A. M. Hirtz, Sam Johnstone, Bryant Platt, and Warren P. Roe. "GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES: EARTH’S SURFACE GEOLOGY." In GSA Connects 2024 Meeting in Anaheim, California. Geological Society of America, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2024am-402161.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Geology"

Kerr, D. E., A. Plouffe, J. E. Campbell, and I. McMartin. Status of surficial geology mapping in the North. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330334.

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The GEM program has facilitated the availability of new and converted surficial geology maps and associated digital datasets for large sectors of northern Canada, leading to about 70% of the north being mapped and digitally available. Development of the Surficial Data Model (SDM) and Canadian Geoscience Map (CGM) series have streamlined the publication process and created a common standard digital map format and geodatabase. Based on traditional and more recent remote predictive mapping methodologies, there are now three types of surficial geology CGM maps produced: Surficial Geology, Reconnaissance Surficial Geology, and Predictive Surficial Geology. The considerable number of new surficial geology maps published during GEM-1 and GEM-2, as well as upcoming map publications, has resulted in an increase of 12% map coverage north of 60?, constituting a significant and lasting legacy of the GEM Program.

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Kerr, D. E., A. Plouffe, J E Campbell, and I. McMartin. Status of surficial geology mapping in northern Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331420.

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The Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) program has facilitated the availability of new and converted surficial geology maps and associated digital data sets for large sectors of northern Canada, leading to about 70% of the North being mapped and digitally available. Development of the Surficial Data Model and Canadian Geoscience Map (CGM) series has streamlined the publication process and created a common standard digital-map format and geodatabase. Based on traditional and more recent remote predictive mapping methodologies, there are now three types of surficial geology CGM maps produced: surficial geology, reconnaissance surficial geology, and predictive surficial geology. The considerable number of new surficial geology maps published during the two phases of the GEM program, as well as upcoming map publications, has resulted in an increase of 12% in map coverage north of 60°, constituting a significant legacy of the GEM program.

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Sanford, B. V., G. B. J. Fader, and P. N. Moir. Regional geology and geophysics 8: bedrock geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210609.

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Yorath, C. J., D. K. Norris, and F. G. Young. Regional Geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/126948.

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Mayr, U., T. de Freitas, and B. Beauchamp. Regional geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209769.

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Eisbacher, G. H. Structural geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209775.

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mayr, U., T. de Freitas, and B. Beauchamp. Economic geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/209776.

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Dallimore, S. R., and J. S. Vincent. Onshore Geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132218.

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Blasco, S. M., and J. F. Lewis. Offshore Geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/132219.

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Hamblin, A. P. Bedrock geology. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298874.

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